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Example:
Iron rusts slowly when exposed to air and water. The reaction involved in rusting can be
represented by the equation below. What mass of iron oxide is produced when 120g of
iron completely in air?
Step 1: Write a balanced equation
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
Step 2: Calculate the amount (in mol) of the substance with the known mass.
m
n = M
M(Fe2O3) =
Example:
A phosphorus manufacturer is to extract 1.00 tonne of phosphorus per day by the
process given by the equation.
2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) P4(s) + 10CO(g) + 6CaSiO3(s)
Calculate the mass required daily of:
a) calcium phosphate
b) silicon dioxide
a) Calcium phosphate
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
b) Silicon Dioxide
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
Example: What volume of 0.100M sulfuric acid reacts completely with 17.8 mL of
0.152M potassium hydroxide.
Step 1: Write a balanced equation
Questions: Week 6
2H2(g)
+
8 mol
8 mol
0 mol
O2(g)
2H2O(g)
Initial amount
Reactn change according to eqn
Final amounts
After the reaction:
no hydrogen gas remains, since this is the limiting reagent.
The amount of water vapour formed is limited by the amount of hydrogen gas
available.
2 mol of oxygen gas remains unreacted. Oxygen gas is in excess in this example.
Example: A gaseous mixture of 25.0 g of hydrogen gas and 100.0 g of oxygen gas are
mixed and ignited. The water produced is collected and weighed. What is the expected
mass of water produced?
Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation
n(O2) =
m
M
M(H2) =
M(O2) =
Step 3: Identify the reagent in excess, using mole ratio. Use the reactant with the
smallest mole.
Step 4: Calculate the amount of the limiting reagent to determine the amount (in mol)
of the required product.
Example: 2.50 g of aluminium is mixed with 5.00 g of iodine and allowed to react.
a) What mass of aluminium iodide would be produced?
b) What is the mass of the reactant in excess?
Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation
Step 4: use the limiting reagent to determine the quantity required to produce.
Since both acid and base solutions are often colourless, there needs to be some way to
determine when the reaction is complete. This is done by adding an indicator that
changes colour at (or very close) to the equivalence point of the titration (end point).
Rinsing equipment: Experiment 54 as example
Pipette: water then, sample from volumetric flask
Burette: water then, solution that is being placed in the burette
Conical flask: distilled water
Volumetric flask: distilled water.
Questions: 12, 13, 40, 41 & 43.
Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (should already be completed), 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24,
m26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, & 45.