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Vertical
Horizontal
Q = VA = 1.81
Re =
VD 9601.810.25103
9.2104
=
3) As shown in the given figure, the velocity profile for laminar flow in a pipe is quite different from that for
turbulent flow. With laminar flow the velocity profile is parabolic; with turbulent flow at Re = 10,000 the velocity
profile can be approximated by the power-law profile shown. (a) For laminar flow, determine at what radial
location you would place a Pitot tube if it is to measure the average velocity in the pipe. (b) Repeat part (a) for
turbulent flow with Re = 10,000.
0
(a) For laminar flow: R Vave = 2Vc
r 2
R
rdr
= 0.5 r = 0.707R
(b)
r
1
r
1
R
0.2
50
66
r
R
= 0.750 or r = 0.750R
4) Water flows at a rate of 0.040 m3/s in a 0.12-m-diameter pipe that contains a sudden
contraction to a 0.06-m-diameter pipe. (a) Determine the pressure drop across the
contraction section. (b) How much of this pressure difference is due to losses and (c)
how much is due to kinetic energy changes?
Solution
P1 P1 = 40.0 kPa + 93.8 kPa = 133.8 kPa
Pressure drop due to losses = 40.0 kPa
Pressure drop due to kinetic energy changes = 93.8 kPa
5) Air flows through the fine mesh gauze shown in the given figure with an average
velocity of 1.50 m/s in the pipe. Determine the loss coefficient for the gauze. Air density
is 1.23 kg/m3.
G auze
V
W a te r
8 m m
K=
2 78.48
1.231.52
= 56.7
(1 )
1 0 ft
h
B r a n c h lin e
(2 )
6 ft
6 0 0 ft
w ith 1 5
o
9 0 e lb o w s
LV
D 2
+ K
V2
2
W&s
A ll p ip e is 6 - in d ia m e t e r
s m o o t h p la s t ic w it h
fla n g e d fitt in g s
9 0 0 ft
M a in
lin e
m&
P1
g
V12
2g
+ z1 +
P2
g
V22
2g
+ z2 +
+ hL
P2 = 0, z1 = 0, z2 = L, , V1 = V2 = V
P1 = L + f
L V 2
D 2
Therefore f
V 2
2D
= L + 1.59L
= 1.59
2D(1.59)
f
V=
2(0.4)(1.59)
(1.94)(0.02)
=
= 5.73 ft/s
8.100) The flowrate between tank A and tank B shown in the Figure is to be increased by
35% (i.e., from Q to 1.35Q) by the addition of a second pipe (indicated by the dotted
lines) running from node C to tank B. If the elevation of the free surface in tank A is 30 ft
above that in tank B, determine the diameter, D, of this new pipe. Neglect minor losses
and assume that the friction factor for each pipe is 0.02.
Solution