Spanish Tutorial Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and

Grammar
Note: Before heading to the tutorial I would recommend to download any online
dictionary which could easily translate the words coming in your mind in
Spanish which will help learning the new words which are not provided in
this tutorial, if you have one so thats good if not then Ill personally prefer
BabelFish dictionary which is free so you dont need to buy it. The
download link is provided below:

Download BabelFish Translator

1. Basic Phrases
Buenos das!
bway-nohs dee-ahs
Hello! / Good morning!

Buenas tardes!
bway-nahs tard-ays
Good afternoon!

Buenas noches!
bway-nahs noh-chays
Good evening! / Good
night!

Hola! / Chao!
oh-lah / chow
Hi! / Bye!

Adis.
ah-dee-ohs
Good bye.

Por favor.
por fah-bor
Please.

Hasta la vista / Hasta

luego.
ah-stah lah vees-tah / ahstah loo-ay-go
See you / See you later.

Hasta pronto.
ah-stah prohn-toh
See you soon.

Hasta maana.
ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah
See you tomorrow.

(Muchas) Gracias.
(moo-chahs) grah-see-ahs
Thank you (very much).

De nada.
day nah-dah
You're welcome.

Bienvenidos
byen-veh-nee-dohs
Welcome

Lo siento
loh see-ehn-toh
I'm sorry

Con permiso / Perdn /

Disculpe
kohn pehr-mee-soh / pehrdohn / dees-kool-peh
Excuse me / Pardon me

Vamos!
bah-mohs
Let's go!

Cmo est usted?

koh-moh ay-stah oo-sted
How are you? (formal)

Cmo ests?
koh-moh ay-stahs
How are you? (informal)

Qu tal?
kay tahl
How's it going?

Bien / Muy bien

bee-ehn / moy bee-ehn
Good / Very good

Mal / Muy mal / Ms o

menos
mahl / moy mahl / mahs oh
may-nohs
Bad / Very bad / OK

S / No
see / noh
Yes / No

Cmo se llama usted?

koh-moh say yah-mah oosted
What is your name? (formal)

Cmo te llamas?
koh-moh tay yah-mahs
What is your name?
(informal)

Me llamo... / Mi nombre
es...
may yah-moh / mee nohmbreh ess
My name is...

Mucho gusto. / Encantado.

moo-choh goo-stoh / encahn-tah-doh
Nice to meet you.

Igualmente.
ee-guahl-mehn-tay
Same here. / Same to you.

Seor / Seora / Seorita

sayn-yor / sayn-yor-ah /
sayn-yor-ee-tah
Mister / Mrs. / Miss

De dnde es usted?
day dohn-day ehs oo-sted
Where are you from?
(formal)

De dnde eres?
day dohn-day eh-rehs
Where are you from?
(informal)

Yo soy de...
yoh soy day
I'm from...

Cuntos aos tienes?

quahn-tohs ahn-yohs teeayn-ays
How old are you? (informal)

Yo tengo _____ aos.

yoh tayn-goh _____ ahnyohs
I am _____ years old.

Habla usted espaol?

ah-blah oo-sted eh-spahnyol
Do you speak Spanish?
(formal)

Hablas ingls?
ah-blahs een-glehs
Do you speak English?
(informal)

(No) Hablo...
noh ah-bloh
I (don't) speak...

Entiende usted? /
Entiendes?
ehn-tyen-deh oo-sted / ehntyen-dehs
Do you understand? (formal /
informal)

(No) Entiendo.
noh ehn-tyen-doh
I (don't) understand.

Yo (no lo) se.

yoh noh loh seh
I (don't) know.

Puede ayudarme?
pweh-deh ah-yoo-dar-meh
Can you help me? (formal)

Claro / Claro que s

klah-roh / klah-roh keh see
Sure / Of course

Cmo?
koh-moh
What? Pardon me?

Dnde est / Dnde

estn... ?

Aqu / Ah
ah-kee / ah-ee

Hay / Haba...
eye / ah-bee-ah

Cuntos aos tiene usted?

quahn-tohs ahn-yohs tee-aynay oo-sted
How old are you? (formal)

dohn-deh eh-stah / dohn-deh

eh-stahn
Where is ... / Where are ... ?

Here / There

There is / are... / There was /

were...

Cmo se dice ____ en

espaol?
koh-moh seh dee-seh ___ en
eh-spahn-yol
How do you say ____ in
Spanish?

Qu es esto?
keh ehs ehs-toh
What is that?

Qu te pasa?
keh teh pah-sah
What's the matter (with
you)?

No importa.
noh eem-por-tah
It doesn't matter.

Qu pasa?
keh pah-sah
What's happening?

Sin novedad.
seen noh-veh-dahd
Nothing much.

No tengo ninguna idea.

noh tehn-goh neen-goo-nah
ee-deh-ah
I have no idea.

Buena idea!
bweh-nah ee-deh-ah
Good idea!

Pase!
pah-seh
Go ahead!

Estoy cansado / enfermo.

eh-stoy kahn-sah-doh / ehnfehr-moh
I'm tired / sick.

Tengo hambre / sed.

tehn-goh ahm-breh / sed
I'm hungry / thirsty.

Tengo calor / fro.

tehn-goh kah-lohr / free-oh
I'm hot / cold.

Estoy aburrido.
eh-stoy ah-boo-ree-doh
I'm bored.

No me importa.
noh meh eem-por-tah
I don't care.

No se preocupe.
noh seh preh-oh-koo-peh
Don't worry

Est bien.
ehs-tah bee-ehn
That's alright. / It's ok.

Me olvid.
meh ohl-vee-deh
I forgot.

Tengo que ir ahora.

tehn-goh keh eer ah-oh-rah
I must go now.

Listo?
lees-toh
Ready?

Quizs / Depende.
kee-sahs / deh-pehn-deh
Maybe / It depends.

Todava no.
toh-dah-vee-ah noh
Not yet.

Qu chistoso!
keh chees-toh-soh
How funny!

Que le vaya bien!

keh leh vah-yah bee-ehn
Have a nice day!

Nos vemos!
nohs veh-mos
We'll see you!

Salud!
sah-lood
Bless you!

Felicitaciones!
feh-lee-see-tah-see-oh-nehs
Congratulations!

Buena suerte!
bweh-nah swehr-teh
Good luck!

Te toca a ti.
teh toh-kah ah tee

Callate!
kah-yah-teh

Te amo.
tay ah-moh

It's your turn. (informal)

Shut up!

I love you. (informal and

singular)

Notice that Spanish has informal and formal ways of speaking. This is because there is
more than one meaning to "you" in Spanish (as well as in many other languages.) The
informal you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or children. The
formal you is used when talking to someone you just met, do not know well, or someone
for whom you would like to show respect (a professor, for example.)
Encantado, cansado, enfermo, and aburrido are the masculine forms of the words. If
the words refer to a woman or are spoken by a woman, then the final o changes to a:
encantada, cansada, enferma, and aburrida
In Spain, as well as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela,
the Spanish language is called castellano instead of espaol.

2. Pronunciation
Spanish Letter English Sound
a
ah
e
ay
i
ee
o
oh
u
oo
ll
y
v
b at beginning of word, real soft b between 2 vowels

ny (as in canyon)
r
almost like a d when in between 2 vowels
rr
r with a roll of the tongue
d
almost like a th when in between 2 vowels
j
hard h
g
g, sometimes a h
qu
k
ai / all / ay
eye
z
s
z, ce, ci
th (in northern Spain only)
The five vowels in Spanish are all pure vowels: [a], [e], [i], [o], [u] Be sure that you do
not pronounce a diphthong as we do in English (the extra yuh or wuh sound at the end).

Stress: Just as in English, Spanish stresses a certain syllable in a word. If a word ends in
a consonant, except s or n, the stress is on the last syllable. If a word ends in a vowel, or s
or n, the stress is on the second-to-last syllable. For words that do no follow these rules,
an accent is written over the vowel so that you will know to stress that syllable, as in el
pjaro (bird).
Please keep in mind that because Spanish is spoken in many countries, there are several
regional dialects and accents so pronunciation rules may not apply to all countries. This
tutorial is mostly concerned with thelanguage that is spoken in Mexico and Spain.

3. Alphabet

ah

hoh-tah

bay

kah

rr airr-ay

say

ay-lay

ay-say

ch chay

ll

ay-yay

tay

day

m ay-may

oo

ay

ay-nay

bay chee-kah

ay-fay

ayn-yay w

vay doh-blay

hey

oh

ah-kees

ah-chay p

pay

ee-gree-ay-gah

ee

koo

say-tah

air-ay

The Spanish language academy no longer considers the ch, ll or rr to be separate letters in
dictionaries, but they are still separate letters in the alphabet. In Spain, you can say oobay for v, but in Latin America most dialects just use bay and an adjective, such as chica
(Mexico and Peru) or corta (Argentina and Chile).

4. Articles & Demonstratives

the

Masc.
Singular

Fem.
Singular

el (ail)

la (lah)

the

una (oon-

some unos (oon- unas (oon-

a, an un (oon)

Masc. Plural Fem. Plural

los (lohs)

las (lahs)

ah)

ohs)

ahs)

this este

esta

these estos

estas

that ese

esa

those esos

esas

that aquel

aquella

those aquellos

aquellas

El is also used with feminine nouns beginning with a or ha when the accent is on the first
syllable. Words that end in -o and -or are generally masculine, with a few exceptions: la
mano (hand), la foto (photo). Words that end in -a are generally feminine, with a few
exceptions: el mapa (map), el problema (problem). Other feminine words end in -cin,
-tad, -dad, or -tud.
Use the ese forms to mean that when what you are talking about is near the person you
are addressing. Use the aquel forms when what you are talking about is far from both
you and the person you are addressing. Esto and eso are the neuter forms of this and that.
They can be used in general and abstract ways. Demonstrative adjectives (listed above)
are used before a noun; if you want to use the demonstrative pronouns, which are used
before a verb, add an accent on all of the first e's: ste, sta, stos, stas, se, sa, sos,
sas, aqul, aqulla, aqullos, aqullas.

5. Subject Pronouns
noh-sohtrohs / nohsoh-trahs
boh-sohvosotros /
t
too
you (informal)
trohs / bohvosotras
soh-trahs
ail / ayay-yohs / ayl / ella /
he / she / it / ellos / ellas /
yah / ooyahs / oousted
you (formal) ustedes
sted
sted-ays
yo

yoh

nosotros /
nosotras

we

you all
they / they /
you (plural)

Vosotros is used only in Spain when speaking to more than one person with whom you
know well. Nosotras and vosotras refer to a group of all females, as well as ellas.
Ustedes is almost always used for saying "you all" in all Spanish speaking countries.
Usted can be abbreviated to Ud. Ustedes can also be abbreviated to Uds. Please note that
the subject pronouns are rarely used before verbs.

6. To Be & to Have
ser - to be

present
soy
I am
eres
you are
es
he/she/it is
somos we are
sois
you are
son
they are

past
fu
I was
fuiste
you were
fu
he/she/it was
fuimos
we were
fuisteis
you were
fueron
they were
estar - to be
present
past
estoy
I am
estuve
I was
ests
you are
estuviste you were
est
he/she/it is estuvo
he/she/it was
estamos we are
estuvimos we were
estis
you are
estuvisteis you were
estn
they are
estuvieron they were
tener - to have
present
past
tengo
I have
tuve
I had
tienes you have
tuviste
you had
tiene
he/she/it has tuvo
he/she/it had
tenemos we have
tuvimos we had
tenis you have
tuvisteis you had
tienen they have tuvieron they had

ser
sers
ser
seremos
seris
sern

future
I will be
you will be
he/she/it will be
we will be
you will be
they will be

future
estar
I will be
estars
you will be
estar
he/she/it will be
estaremos we will be
estaris
you will be
estarn
they will be
future
tendr
I will have
tendrs
you will have
tendr
he/she/it will have
tendremos we will have
tendris you will have
tendrn they will have

Highlighted forms are only used in Spain.

Ser is used to identify or describe. It tells what something is, its basic characteristics, or
its origin. Estar is used to tell the location of something or how someone feels.
Uses of Ser
Identify person/object
Inherent characteristics
or qualities
Nationality/Occupation
Telling time
Express ownership
Impersonal expressions
Passive voice

El edificio es un templo.
La casa es grande.
Carlos es pobre.
Es carpintero.
Son las tres.
Los libros son de Juan.
Es necesario.
El telfono fue inventado por
Bell.

The building is a temple.

The house is large.
Charles is poor.
He is a carpenter.
It's three o'clock.
The books are John's.
It is necessary.
The telephone was invented by
Bell.

Uses of Estar
Location/position
Temporary condition/state
State of health
Form progressive tense

El libro est en la mesa.

La ventana est abierta.
Juan est enfermo.
Miguel est estudiando.

The book is on the table.

The window is open.
John is sick.
Michael is studying.

Sometimes changing the verb can completely change the meaning: ser aburrido means
to be boring, while estar aburrido means to be bored. Others include: ser bueno - to be
nice, estar bueno - to be in good health; ser callado - to be discrete, estar callado - to be
silent; ser moreno - to have brown hair, estar moreno - to be tan.
Many common expressions using the verb "be" in English use the verb "tener" in Spanish
(but not all):
to be afraid

tener miedo

to be in a hurry

tener prisa, estar de prisa

to be against

estar en contra

to be jealous

tener celos

to be at fault

tener la culpa

to be lucky

tener suerte

to be careful

tener cuidado

to be patient

tener paciencia

to be cold

tener fro

to be sleepy

tener sueo

to be successful

tener xito

to be curious ser curioso/a

to be happy

estar contento/a to be thirsty

tener sed

to be hot

tener calor

to be tired

estar cansado/a

to be hungry

tener hambre

to be ___ years old tener ___ aos

7. Question Words
what

qu

which

who

quin(es)

how much cunto (-a)

how

cmo

how many cuntos (-as)

when

cundo

whom

a quin(es)

whose

de quin(es)

where dnde
why

por qu

8. cardinal & ordinal Numbers

cul(es)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1000

cero
uno
dos
tres
cuatro
cinco
seis
siete
ocho
nueve
diez
once
doce
trece
catorce
quince
diez y seis
diez y siete
diez y ocho
diez y nueve
veinte
veinte y uno
veinte y dos
treinta
cuarenta
cincuenta
sesenta
setenta
ochenta
noventa
cien(to)
mil

say-roh
oo-noh
dohs
trays
kuah-troh
seen-koh
says
see-ay-tay
oh-choh
new-ay-vay
dee-ays
ohn-say
doh-say
tray-say
kah-tor-say
keen-say
dee-ays ee says
dee-ays ee see-ay-tay
dee-ays ee oh-choh
dee-ays ee new-ay-vay
bayn-tay
bayn-tay ee oo-noh
bayn-tay ee dohs
trayn-tah
kuar-ain-tah
seen-kuain-tah
say-sain-tah
say-tain-tah
oh-chain-tah
noh-bain-tah
see-ain-(toh)
meel

first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty-first
twenty-second
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
thousandth

primero
segundo
tercero
cuarto
quinto
sexto
sptimo
octavo
noveno
dcimo
undcimo
duodcimo
dcimo tercero
dcimo cuarto
dcimo quinto
dcimo sexto
dcimo sptimo
dcimo octavo
dcimo noveno
vigsimo
vigsimo primero
vigsimo segundo
trigsimo
cuadragsimo
quincuagsimo
sexagsimo
septuagsimo
octogsimo
nonagsimo
centsimo
milsimo

If you are just saying 100, you use cien. If it's over 100, you use ciento. So 101 is ciento
uno and 156 would be ciento cincuenta y seis. Also you can use diecisis, diecisiete,
dieciocho, and diecinueve for 16, 17, 18, and 19, respectively. They are pronounced the
same but are combined into one word. Additionally, 21-29 can be written as one word
(veintiuno, veintids, veintitrs, etc.), but you need to use y for the rest of the numbers.

Primero and tercero drop the final -o when used directly before a noun.

9. Days of the Week

Monday

lunes

loo-nays

Tuesday

martes

mar-tays

Wednesday

mircoles

mee-air-coh-lays

Thursday

jueves

hway-bays

Friday

viernes

bee-air-nays

Saturday

sbado

sah-bah-doh

Sunday

domingo

doh-ming-oh

day

el da

dee-ah

week

la semana

say-mahn-ah

weekend

el fin de semana

feen day say-mahn-ah

today

hoy

oy

tonight

esta noche

es-tah noh-chay

last night

anoche

ah-noh-chay

yesterday

ayer

eye-yair

tomorrow

maana

mahn-yahn-ah

my birthday

mi cumpleaos

mee coom-play-ahn-yohs

next

prximo / prxima prok-see-moh / mah

last

pasado / pasada

pah-sah-doh / dah

day before yesterday anteayer

ahn-teh-eye-yair

day after tomorrow

pasado maana

pah-sah-doh mahn-yahn-ah

the following day

el da siguiente

dee-ah see-gwee-ehn-teh

the day before

la vspera

vees-peh-rah

Days of the week are all masculine in gender and they are not capitalized in writing. The
definite article is not used after the verb ser, but at all other times it is required and there
is slight change in meaning if it is singular or plural: el lunes = on Monday but los lunes
= on Mondays

10. Months of the Year

January

enero

ay-nair-oh

February

febrero

fay-bray-roh

March

marzo

mar-soh

April

abril

ah-breel

May

mayo

mi-oh

June

junio

hoo-nee-oh

July

julio

hoo-lee-oh

August

agosto

ah-gohs-toh

September

septiembre

sayp-tee-aim-bray

October

octubre

ohk-too-bray

November

noviembre

noh-bee-aim-bray

December

diciembre

dee-see-aim-bray

month

el mes

mais

first of [a month] el primero de [month] pree-mair-oh day _____

year

el ao

ahn-yoh

decade

la dcada

deh-kah-dah

century

el siglo

see-gloh

millennium

el milenio

mee-leh-nee-oh

The preposition en is used with months: en abril = in April. Also notice that primero is
used for the first of the month, but the rest of the days are referred to using the regular
cardinal numbers: el primero de junio but el dos de julio. Months of the year are also all
masculine and not capitalized in writing.
Cual es la fecha de hoy? What is today's date?
Hoy es el primero de agosto. Today is August 1st.

11. Seasons
spring

la primavera

in spring

en primavera

summer el verano

in summer en verano

winter

in winter

el invierno

autumn el otoo

in autumn en otoo

12. Directions
to the right

en invierno

a la derecha

to the left

a la izquierda

straight ahead

todo derecho

north el norte

northeast el noreste

south el sur

northwest el noroeste

east

southeast el sureste

el este

west el oeste

southwest el suroeste

13. Colors & shapes

red

rojo / roja

circle

el crculo

pink

rosado / rosada

square

el cuadrado

orange

anaranjado /
anaranjada

rectangle

el rectngulo

yellow

amarillo / amarilla

triangle

el tringulo

green

verde

oval

el valo

blue

azul

cube

el cubo

light blue

celeste

sphere

la esfera

purple

morado / morada

cylinder

el cilindro

violet

violeta

cone

el cono

brown

marrn

octagon

el octgono

black

negro / negra

box

la caja

gray

gris

pyramid

la pirmide

white

blanco / blanca

golden

dorado / dorada

dark

oscuro / oscura

silver

plateado / plateada

light

claro / clara

All adjectives in Spanish are placed after the noun that they describe and they agree in
gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun. Notice
that some colors do not change for gender (marrn) or number (gris). To change an
adjective to the feminine form, you usually just change the final -o to -a. To make an
adjective plural, simply add an -s.
a red house = una casa roja

14. Time

Qu hora es?

What time is it?

Es la una.

It's one.

Son las dos/tres/cuatro...

It's two/three/four...

Es medioda.

It's noon.

Es medianoche.

It's midnight.

Son las cinco y cinco.

It's 5:05

Son las ocho y cuarto.

It's 8:15

Son las diez menos cuarto.

It's 9:45

Son cuarto para las diez

It's 9:45 (common in Mexico)

Son las nueve menos diez.

It's 8:50

Son diez para las nueve

It's 8:50 (common in Mexico)

Son las tres y media / treinta.

It's 3:30

de la maana

in the morning / AM

de la tarde

in the afternoon / PM

de la noche

in the evening / PM

en punto

exactly / sharp

A qu hora?

At what time?

15. Weather
Qu tiempo hace?

What's the weather like?

Hace buen tiempo.

The weather's nice.

Hace mal tiempo.

The weather's bad.

Hace fro.

It's cold.

Hace calor.

It's hot.

Hace sol.

It's sunny.

Hace viento.

It's windy.

Hace fresco.

It's chilly.

Est nublado.

It's cloudy.

Hay niebla.

It's foggy.

Hay neblina.

It's misty.

Hay humedad.

It's humid.

Hay granizo.

It's hailing.

Llueve.

It's raining.

Nieva.

It's snowing.

Truena.

It's thundering.

Llovizna.

It's sprinkling.

at, to

al lado de

con

with

alrededor de around

16. Prepositions
beside, alongside of

contra against

cerca de

near, close to

de

of, from

lejos de

far from

en

in, on

delante de

in front of

entre

between, among

debajo de

below, under

hacia

towards, about

en frente de opposite

para

for, in order, by

detrs de

behind

por

for, through, along, via

encima de

above, on top of

sobre

on, over

hasta

till, until

sin

without

desde

from, since

There are two prepositional contractions with definite articles. A and el combine to form
al, and de and el combine to form del.

17. Family & Animals

family

la familia

grandfather

el abuelo

baby

parents

los padres

grandmother

la abuela

teenager

grandparents

los abuelos

boy

el nio

grandson

el nieto

girl

la nia

boys &
girls

los nios

husband
wife

el marido / el
esposo
la mujer / la
esposa

father / dad el padre / pap granddaughter la nieta

mother /
mom
son
daughter
children
brother

la madre /
mam
el hijo
la hija
los hijos
el hermano

el beb
el
adolescente

grandchildren

los nietos

man

el hombre

uncle
aunt
aunts & uncles
nephew

el to
la ta
los tios
el sobrino

woman
adult
twins (m)
twins (f)

la mujer
el adulto
los gemelos
las gemelas

sister
brothers &
sisters
only child
(m)
only child
(f)

la hermana

niece
nieces &
nephews

la sobrina

dog

el perro

los sobrinos

cat

el gato

el hijo nico

cousin (m)

el primo

bird

el pjaro

la hija nica

cousin (f)

la prima

fish

el pez

kid / boy

el muchacho

cousins

los primos

gold fish

la muchacha
el medio
half-brother
hermano
la media
half-sister
hermana

relatives

los parientes

horse

la carpa
dorada
el caballo

stepfather

el padastro

goat

la cabra

stepmother

la madrastra

pig

el cerdo

father-in-law el suegro

stepbrother

cow

la vaca

rabbit

el conejo

los hermanos

kid / girl

mother-inlaw
brother-inlaw
sister-in-law
son-in-law
daughter-inlaw

el
hermanastro
la
hermanastra

la suegra

stepsister

el cuado

stepson

el hijastro

turtle

la tortuga

la cuada
el yerno

stepdaughter
godfather

la hijastra
el padrino

mouse
deer

el ratn
el ciervo

la nuera

godmother

la madrina

duck

el pato

18. To Know People & Facts

conocer - to know people
conozco
conocemos
conoces
conocis
conoce
conocen

saber - to know facts

s
sabemos
sabes
sabis
sabe
saben

19. Formation of Plural Nouns

1. If a singular noun ends in a vowel, just add -s to make it plural: la casa las
casas

2. If a singular noun ends in a consonant, a vowel with an accent, or y, add -es to

make it plural: el papel los papeles
3. Singular nouns that end in -z change the z to c and add -es to form the plural: la
luz las luces
4. A few nouns that have an accent in the singular will lose it in the plural: el lpiz
los lpices

20. Possessive Adjectives

Initial Forms
singular
plural
my
mi
mis
your
tu
tus
your/his/her/its su
sus
nuestro /
nuestros /
our
nuestra
nuestras
vuestro /
vuestros /
your
vuestra
vuestras
your/their
su
sus

Terminal Forms
singular
plural
mo / ma
mos / mas
tuyo / tuya
tuyos / tuyas
suyo / suya
suyos / suyas
nuestro /
nuestros /
nuestra
nuestras
vuestro /
vuestros /
vuestra
vuestras
suyo / suya
suyos / suyas

Remember that vuestro forms are only used in Spain (just as the vosotros subject
pronoun & verb conjugations are only used in Spain).
Because su and sus can have so many meanings, the definite article may be used instead
of su with these expressions following the noun: de Ud., de l, de ella, de Uds., de ellos
and de ellas.
los libros de ellos their books
The terminal forms are placed after the noun, and the noun must be preceded by the
definite article, except in direct address. When used with the indefinite article, it
corresponds to the English "of mine, of yours," etc.
el libro mo my book
Qu haces, hijo mo? What are you doing, my son?
un amigo mo a friend of mine