FFS-PU-5116-A

TRANSPORTATION OF CARGO BY BARGE OR SHIP

APPLICATION: FLOATING & FIXED PLATFORMS

This document is the confidential property of Chevron USA Inc. Neither

the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third
party without the prior written consent of Chevron USA Inc. Neither the
whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior
written consent of Chevron USA Inc.

Rev

Date

Description

Author

Sponsor

12/2008

General revision

ZHIQ

CWAN

12/2008

Document number change only.

Formerly CIV-PU-5116-A

December 2008

2006-2008 Chevron USA Inc. All rights reserved.

CWAN

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Transportation of Cargo by Barge or Ship

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CONTENTS

1.0

Scope ..........................................................................................................................4

2.0

References ..................................................................................................................4
2.1 ......Purchaser Specifications ..................................................................................4
2.2 ......Industry Standards ...........................................................................................4

3.0

Acronyms ....................................................................................................................4

4.0

General ........................................................................................................................5

5.0

Loadout .......................................................................................................................8
5.1 ......General .............................................................................................................8
5.2 ......Loadout Steelwork ............................................................................................8

6.0

Seafastening ...............................................................................................................9

7.0

Cargo Layout ............................................................................................................10

8.0

Towing .......................................................................................................................10
8.1 ......General ...........................................................................................................10
8.2 ......Certification ....................................................................................................11
8.3 ......Pre-Tow Survey of Vessel(s) ..........................................................................12
8.4 ......Decision to Commence Tow ..........................................................................13

9.0

Towing Gear .............................................................................................................13

9.1 ......Strength ..........................................................................................................13
9.2 ......Towage Connection Points ............................................................................13
9.3 ......Fairleads .........................................................................................................13
9.4 ......Main Towing Wire and Spare .........................................................................13
9.5 ......Synthetic Spring .............................................................................................14
9.6 ......Shackles .........................................................................................................14
9.7 ......Hard Eyes .......................................................................................................14
9.8 ......Bridle Apex .....................................................................................................14
9.9 ......Bridle Legs .....................................................................................................14
9.10 ....Intermediate Pennant .....................................................................................15
9.11 ....Bridle Recovery System .................................................................................15
9.12 ....Emergency Towing Gear ................................................................................16

10.0

Barge Stability ..........................................................................................................17

10.1 ....General ...........................................................................................................17
10.2 ....Draft ................................................................................................................18
10.3 ....Trim ................................................................................................................18
10.4 ....List ..................................................................................................................19
10.5 ....Pumping and Sounding ..................................................................................19

11.0

Emergency Anchor System ....................................................................................20

11.1 ....General ...........................................................................................................20
11.2 ....Size and Type of Anchor ................................................................................20
11.3 ....Anchor Cable Length ......................................................................................21

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11.4 ....Anchor Cable Strength ...................................................................................21

11.5 ....Attachment of Cable .......................................................................................21
11.6 ....Anchor Mounting and Release .......................................................................21
12.0

Mooring Arrangements ............................................................................................22

12.1 ....Position ...........................................................................................................22
12.2 ....Mooring Ropes ...............................................................................................23

13.0

Damage Control .......................................................................................................23

14.0

Navigation Lights and Sound Signals ....................................................................23

14.1 ....General ...........................................................................................................23
14.2 ....Power Source .................................................................................................23

15.0

Towing Vessel ..........................................................................................................23

15.1 ....General ...........................................................................................................23
15.2 ....Towing Winch .................................................................................................24
15.3 ....Tailgates/Stern Rails ......................................................................................24
15.4 ....Additional Equipment .....................................................................................24
15.5 ....Towline Positioning and Control .....................................................................24
15.6 ....Bunkers ..........................................................................................................25

16.0

Transportation Conditions ......................................................................................25

16.1 ....General ...........................................................................................................25
16.2 ....Motion Analysis ..............................................................................................25
16.3 ....Allowable Stress Levels .................................................................................26
16.4 ....Fatigue Damage Analysis and Mitigation .......................................................26

17.0

Post-Tow Inspection ................................................................................................26

18.0

Pollution Prevention ................................................................................................27

19.0

Scrap Metal and Cleanup ........................................................................................27

20.0

Damage Repair .........................................................................................................27

21.0

Documentation Requirements ................................................................................27

21.1 ....Towage Plan ..................................................................................................27
21.2 ....Drawings ........................................................................................................27
21.3 ....Calculations ....................................................................................................28
21.4 ....Towing Progress Report and Documents ......................................................28

22.0

Fabrication and Assembly ......................................................................................28

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1.0

FFS-PU-5116-A

SCOPE
1. This Specification covers the minimum technical requirements for the offshore transportation
of platform (or module) by barge or ship.
2. The Specification requirements apply to both barge and ship transports, whether specifically
stated or otherwise.

2.0

REFERENCES
1. The following documents are referenced herein and are considered part of this specification.
2. Use the edition of each referenced document in effect on the date of the publication of this
specification.

2.1

2.2

Purchaser Specifications
FFS-SU-5215

Structural Steel and Other Materials for Fixed Offshore Platforms

FFS-SU-5217

Design of Platform Structures for Fixed Offshore Platforms

COM-SU-2.02

Materials and Application of Painting and Protective Coatings

Industry Standards
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
316

Steel Construction Manual (9th Edition)

American Petroleum Institute (API)

RP 2A (WSD)

Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed

Offshore Platforms

American Society for Non-Destructive Testing (ASNT)

SNT-TC-1A

Non-Destructive Testing Qualification and Certification

American Welding Society (AWS)

D1.1/D1.1M

Structural Welding CodeSteel

Noble Denton Group

0030/NDI

General Guidelines for Marine Transportations (Noble Denton)

0028/NDI

General Guidelines for the Transportation and Installation of Steel Jackets

(Noble Denton)

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

E904E

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at

Sea (1972)

United States Coast Guard (USCG)

Requirements for Mobile Offshore Drilling Units
IA117E
3.0

International Safety Management (ISM) Code

ACRONYMS
BLBreaking Load
BPBollard Pull

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FFAFire Fighting Apparatus

ISMInternational Safety Management
LSALife Saving Apparatus
NDTNon-Destructive Testing
SWLSafe Working Load
4.0

GENERAL
1. The Supplier shall furnish all the following necessary to transport the cargo to the fabrication
site(s) or to the installation site consistent with schedule:
a. Labor
b. Transportation
c. Vessels
d. Supervision
e. Materials
f.

Equipment

g. Engineering
2. Supplier shall follow specs supplied by Purchasers which are applicable to the work
performed by Supplier, including FFS-SU-5215, COM-SU-2.02, and other industry codes or
standards, such as AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
3. The Supplier shall be responsible for the structural integrity and performance of the cargo and
the marine equipment during transportation from the fabrication site to the installation site.
4. Support and seafastening designs as well as barge strength and stability shall be based on
transportation forces and vessel behavior determined by acceptable methods and procedures.
These methods and procedures shall be submitted to the Purchaser for review 30 days prior to
any analysis being performed.
5. Results of the analyses shall be submitted to Purchaser for review and comment 120 days (or
as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to loadout.
6. When requested, Supplier shall provide accommodation for a Purchaser Representative on
board the lead tug for the duration of tow.
7. All vessels shall be equipped with operational two-way radios.
a. The two-way radios shall be capable of intercommunication at all times.
b. The Purchaser will have the right to use the radios.
8. Barge towage shall be from the forward end via a suitable bridle as shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 2. If two balanced tugs are being used to tow the barge, the bridle apex shall not be used
and the tugs shall tow off the separate bridle legs, via intermediate pennants.
9. The dimensions of all vessels shall be compatible with the fabrication loadout site conditions
and configured to meet the requirements for the following as prescribed in this specification:
a. Loadout
b. Tiedown
c. Transport

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Figure 1:

FFS-PU-5116-A

Main Tow Bridle (A)

d. Stability
e. Seakeeping
10. Any barge provided by Supplier shall be classed as an American Bureau of Shipping class A1
dry cargo barge for unrestricted ocean service or have an equal classification from a member
IACS recognized certifying agency or bureau as accepted by the Purchaser, and currently be in
class with not less than 180 days remaining before class renewal or dry-dock survey is
required.
11. Vessel selection is subject to Purchaser and Marine Warranty Surveyor review. A vessel can be
any of the following:
a. Tug
b. Barge
c. Heavy Lift Transport Vessel (including semi submersible, Roll-on Roll-off)

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Figure 2:

FFS-PU-5116-A

Main Tow Bridle (B)

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d. Freighter
e. Offshore Supply Vessel
12. Supplier shall hold the transportation spread in the installation area until actually required
onsite.
13. If vessels are tied up at a public facility, Supplier shall provide 24-hour per day security.
14. Supplier shall be responsible for the cleanup of the vessels after offloading is complete.
15. The barge (or other transportation vessel) shall be suitable for transporting the cargo over the
prescribed route under the design environmental conditions.
16. The cargo shall be packaged and positioned such that during loadout, transportation and
unloading no permanent change occurs. The preparation for shipping and storage shall meet
the minimum requirement of the Project Specification.
17. Owner and/or Operator supplying the vessel(s) shall be audited by Purchaser prior to any
Contract being awarded to ensure that the Owner/Operator has a robust and effective Safety
Management System in accordance with the IMO International Safety Management (ISM)
Code. Additionally, any vessel to be used shall be audited by Purchaser for both Condition and
onboard implementation of the Safety Management System.
18. Supplier shall be required to furnish Purchaser all necessary permits and certifications
including gas free certification.
19. The Owner shall provide the Master of the powered vessel with a Digital Camera to
photograph any unusual occurrence or damage that might occur during the voyage.
Photographs shall be e-mailed immediately to the Purchaser to allow better assessment of the
incident.
5.0

LOADOUT

5.1

General
1. Supplier shall interface with Fabrication Supplier regarding loadout out engineering, planning,
and execution.
2. If loadout engineering and execution is within Suppliers scope of work. Supplier shall prepare
and submit to Purchaser, at least 90 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior
to the scheduled date for the loadout, a detailed plan including the following:
a. Barge ballasting requirements during loadout
b. Method of loadout
c. Structural force and deformation calculations
d. Stress analysis of the cargo
e. Step by step schedule of the loadout
3. Supplier shall also be responsible for providing tidal, current and bottom condition data.
Allowances for actual tidal changes and current shall be included in the loadout plan.

5.2

Loadout Steelwork
1. Leg supported structures shall require loadout steelwork. Consideration must be given to
redundancy among the supports.

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2. Skid beams shall be checked to have sufficient spanning capacity to redistribute reactions
when supports are deflected.
3. The support steelwork must be designed to distribute transportation forces into the barge
structure.
6.0

SEAFASTENING
1. Supplier shall submit to Purchaser for review all seafastening calculations and drawings
120 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to loadout.
2. Seafastening shall:
a. prevent the cargo from uplift, sliding or rolling off the barge when subjected to motions at
sea,
b. be designed to accept hog, sag and twisting of the barge in seaway,
c. be installed after the barge has been reballasted from the loadout condition to the tow
condition,
d. not overstress the cargo onto which they bear.
3. The structure shall be checked to ensure that it is capable of withstanding the seafastening
loads. Seafastening attachment points in the splash zone region shall be limited to minimize
coating damage.
4. Seafastening release lines shall be clearly identified with paint marks of distinctive color, in
order that the cutting crew on a cargo barge understand what has to be done before an item can
be lifted off.
5. The seafastening removal sequence shall be planned so that seaworthiness of the seafastening
is preserved for as long as possible prior to launch or lift.
a. Scars from the seafasteners shall be repaired to a smooth, flush finish.
b. Seafastening shall be cut between 1 and 2 inches (25 and 50 mm) from the jacket leg.
c. On all other platform components, care shall be exercised to ensure that structural
elements are not gouged.
d. All attachment areas shall be inspected visually after seafastening removal and
nondestructively tested in accordance with ASNT SNT-TC-1A.
6. For cargos that will be removed offshore, the seafastenings shall be capable of being released
in stages.
a. The stages shall be such that the cargo is secure for a 10-degree roll until the release of the
final stage.
b. The release of seafastenings and the lift of any one item shall not disturb the seafastenings
of any other item.
7. Seafastening and grillage shall be located away from the barge fitting such as bollards, tank
vents, access hatches, and the like, and should not interface with any mooring equipments
including emergency towing gear.

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7.0

FFS-PU-5116-A

CARGO LAYOUT
Cargo positions on the barge deck shall be selected to satisfy the following conditions:
1. Cargo shall be supported at the strong points of the barge frame in order to minimize the
amount of support steelwork to be provided.
2. Cargo shall be located away from barge fittings such as bollards, tank vents access hatches,
and the like.
3. Loadout path shall be clear of barge fittings.
4. End and side overhangs shall not be permitted unless accepted by Purchaser.
5. Excessive windage on barge ends shall not be permitted unless accepted by Purchaser.

8.0

TOWING

8.1

General
1. Supplier shall submit to Purchaser for review a detailed document entitled Towage Plan for
all transport vessels at least 120 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to
the respective loadout dates. This plan shall include, but not be limited to the following:
a. Size, number, name, and certification of tugs to be used for the tows.
b. Calculations for tug bollard pull and horsepower requirements based on manufacturers
engine ratings.
c. Intact and damage stability calculations.
d. Detailed sketches and calculations showing proposed schedule of tank ballasting to
achieve draft and trim.
e. Cargo weight and C.G. summary.
f.

Description of maneuvering plans and additional tugs, if required, to clear the harbor or
any other navigational hazards along the tow route.

g. Proposed route of the tow and contingency plans in case of equipment failure or facility
damage. Contingency planning shall include identification of suitable ports of refuge for
heavy weather avoidance enroute.
h. Transit schedule to the site including bunkering plans.
i.

Communication plans during tow, including methods of getting information to Purchaser

and identifying tow report distribution.

j.

Anticipated weather data along route and the daily weather forecasting and routing
services prior to and during tow which Supplier will provide to tug boat captain with copy
to Purchaser and Marine Warranty Surveyor.

k. Description of instructions to tow masters.

l.

Planned inspection of cargos during tow.

m. Post-tow inspection plan.

n. Inspection reports for proposed tug(s) and Barge(s).
o. Survey of all equipment that may have been used.
p. Navigation lights power reserves upon arrival at destination shall not be less than 25
percent.

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2. Towage plan shall be carried at all times on the lead tug or transportation vessel.
3. Supplier shall arrange for weather forecast as follows:
a. Obtaining weather forecast at least twice daily. These forecasts shall be for 24 hours and
72 hours.
b. Providing Purchaser once a day with the 24-hour and 72-hour forecast during the
tow.These weather forecasts may be used by the tow master to change routes to avoid
storms.
c. Notifying Purchaser within 24 hours of any tow route change and any resulting impact on
the schedule.
4. The Supplier shall provide space aboard the lead tug and protection from damage for tow
instrumentation recording equipment, and if required, quarters for its operator and Purchaser
representative.
5. For offshore platforms, the design of platform and seafastening components shall conform to
API RP 2A (WSD) and this specification.
8.2

Certification
1. Copies of the following documents and any other documentation required by the Marine
Warranty Surveyor shall be issued to Purchaser by a recognized and Purchaser-accepted
classification society or authority and shall be carried on the barge or (lead) tug for any
towage:
a. Certificate of Class
b. Certificate of Registry
c. Tonnage Certificate if not incorporated in other certification
d. Certificate/Acceptance of Navigation Lights and Shapes
e. Equipment Certification
f.

International Load Line Certificate

g. Customs Clearance
h. Cargo Ship Safety Certificate
i.

Deratisation Certificate

j.

Certification Agent Certificate of Acceptance for the particular towage (issued on sailing)

k. Stability Booklet
l.

Bollard Pull Certificate

m. Certificate for all tow wires, pennants, nylons, shackles, tow bracket, tow winch, nylon
stretcher, etc.
n. Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
o. Ballast Management Plan
p. International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
q. International Antifouling System Certificate and Record of Antifouling System
r.

Damage Control Plan

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s.

International Ship Security Certificate

t.

Safety Radio Certificate

FFS-PU-5116-A

2. For manned tows the following shall also be carried:

a. Life Saving Apparatus (LSA) Certificate
b. Fire Fighting Apparatus (FFA) Certificate
c. Crew List (as supernumerary tug crew or barge crew)
d. Radio Licenses (as required)
e. Permission from Certifying Authority to man barge or Certificates of Masters and Crew
on board
f.
8.3

Minimum Safe Manning Certificate

Pre-Tow Survey of Vessel(s)

1. The Supplier shall have an on hire survey of the barge prior to loadout of the cargo.
2. After the cargo has been loaded out and seafastened by the Supplier, the Supplier shall perform
the following checks and inspections in the presence of Purchaser and Marine Warranty
Surveyor:
a. Seafastening and barge ballast have been installed in accordance with the Suppliers
accepted drawings.
b. Materials and equipment required for seafastening removal are checked and inventoried.
1. Oxygen and acetylene bottles shall be checked to ensure required amounts for
seafastening removal are available.
2. The Supplier may elect to load a portion of this material and equipment on the barge
after it reaches the installation site.
c. Barge navigation aids required for towing are operational.
d. Required towing shapes are installed.
e. Inspect launch system to ensure good operating order. Presence and proper storage of
spare parts, hoses, rigging, and equipment for the launch system shall be checked and
inventoried and securely stowed for transport.
f.

Inventory all field installed equipment, ship loose items and other materials; and ensure
that all are securely stowed and seafastened for transport.

g. Visually inspect the critical items, such as main legs, to the extent possible from the deck
of the launch barge.
1. Main legs, skirt pile sleeves, J tubes, and flotation tanks
2. Flood, vent, inflation, and grouting piping and valves
3. Positioning, lifting, and upending rigging
h. Slings, sling platforms and other installation aids are properly secured to meet design
seastate.

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8.4

FFS-PU-5116-A

Decision to Commence Tow

1. The decision to commence all tows shall be made jointly by Supplier, Purchaser, and Marine
Warranty Surveyor.
2. A tow shall not commence until all cargo bracing, seafastening and barge strengthening has
been installed and welded out and until Purchaser acceptance has been obtained for all
procedures, drawings and calculations required by the Technical Requirements.
3. After completion of the pre-tow checks and inspections the Marine Warranty Surveyor shall
issue a certificate of seaworthiness for each tow. No tow shall depart until this certificate has
been issued.
4. A pre-tow meeting shall be held between Supplier, Purchaser and Marine Warranty Surveyor
for final review of tow plan and any punch list items.

9.0

TOWING GEAR

9.1

Strength
1. The minimum ultimate (breaking) strength of all towage connections, fairleads and bridle shall
be not less than three times the continuous static bollard pull of the largest towing vessel plus
40 tonnes, from any possible direction.
2. If, for any reason, the towline breaking strength is required to be more than three times static
bollard pull, then the ultimate strength of the connections and bridle, etc., shall all exceed the
required strength of the towline by 50 percent. Breaking load (BL) shall equal 1.5 x BL of
towline except for the fuse link which shall be 1.3 x BL of towline.

9.2

Towage Connection Points

1. Towage connections to the barge shall be of an acceptable type.
2. The towage shall be able to be quickly released under adverse conditions, to allow a fouled
bridle or tow line to be cleared.
3. Sufficient under-deck strength shall be provided for all towage connection points.
4. They shall be sighted at the intersection of transverse and longitudinal bulkheads in order to
transfer the load to the barge structural framing.
5. Purchaser may direct the Supplier, at Suppliers expense, to test the towage connection points
using NDT methods prescribed by the Purchaser.

9.3

Fairleads
1. Where fitted, fairleads shall be of an acceptable type, located close to the deck edge.
2. Fairleads shall be equipped with capping bars and sighted in the line with tow connections.
3. Where the bridle can bear on the deck edge, the deck edge shall be suitably faired.
4. Purchaser may direct the Supplier at Suppliers expense, to test the fairleads using NDT
methods prescribed by the Purchaser.

9.4

Main Towing Wire and Spare

1. The main and spare tow wires shall have a breaking strength, after making allowance for
corrosion and wear, of at least two times static bollard pull (BP).

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2. For tugs under 80 tonnes BP the BL of the tow wire shall be based on the following guidelines,
subject to Purchaser review:
a. BP = ~ 20 30 tonnes, BL = 2.75 x BP
b. BP = ~ 40 60 tonnes, BL = 2.50 x BP
c. BP = 80+ tonnes, BL = 2.00 x BP
3. The length of the main and spare tow wire shall each be at least 3000 ft. (915 m) for
unrestricted towing.
4. The use of shorter wires for specific tows in benign weather areas or areas of restricted space,
use of shorter wires shall be subject to Purchaser review.
9.5

Synthetic Spring
1. Synthetic spring if used, shall have a breaking load at least two times that of the main wire.
2. It must be in good condition and protected from wear, solvents, and sunlight.
3. The synthetic spring shall be made up as a continuous loop with hard eye at each end.
4. The synthetic spring shall normally be shackled between the main towing wire and the
intermediate pennant.

9.6

Shackles
1. The BL of any shackle in the tow shall be at least 10 percent greater than the BL of the towline
(or required BL of the bridle if the shackle is part of the bridle).
2. If Safe Working Load (SWL) of the shackle is quoted instead of the BL, then SWL shall not be
less than the Static Bollard Pull of the towing vessel.
3. All towing vessels shall carry adequate spare shackles of sufficient size, as well as number of
smaller ones.
4. Split pins or seizing wire for the shackle shall be carried.

9.7

Hard Eyes
All tow lines, pennants, etc., shall have hard eyes or sockets.

9.8

Bridle Apex
The bridle apex connection shall be a towing ring or triangular shaped plate. This is often called
the Delta, Flounder, or Monkey Plate.

9.9

Bridle Legs
1. Each bridle leg shall be of stud link chain or composite chain and wire with a minimum
diameter of 2-1/2 inches (64 mm).
2. If composite, the chain shall be sufficiently long to extend beyond the deck edge and prevent
the wire chafing.
3. The length of each leg shall be such that the angle at the apex is between 45 and 60F
(7.2 and 15.6C)
4. The end link of any chain shall be a special enlarged link, not a normal link with the stud
removed.

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5. All wire shall have hard eyes.

6. Each bridle leg shall be connected to a flounder plate and a tail chain (chain pennant) having
the same dimensions and breaking strength as the bridle legs filled forward on the flounder
plate and of sufficient length to allow the tug to gather it onto its deck without getting too close
to the barge.
9.10

Intermediate Pennant
1. An intermediate wire pennant shall always be fitted between the main tow line and the bridle
apex or chain pennant.
2. The breaking strength of the pennant shall not be less than that of the main towline with the
possible exceptions below in item 4.
3. It shall have hard eyes and be of the same lay (i.e., left or right hand) as the main towline.
4. The use and design of a stretcher, fuse, or weak link pennant is subject to Purchaser and
Marine Warranty Surveyor review.
5. A nylon spring shall not be connected directly to the bridle apex.
6. A spare pennant shall be carried on the towing vessel or barge.
7. A spare nylon spring shall be carried on the towing vessel.

9.11

Bridle Recovery System

9.11.1 Type Awith Winch
1. This type of bridle recovery system is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a winch (9) and
a recovery line (7) connected to the bridle apex (5), via a suitable lead (8) which may
be an A frame roller or bolster plate.
2. The recovery winch shall be manually operated, or have its own power source, and
have an adequate barrel capacity for the required recovery wire.
a. If manually operated it shall be so geared that the tow bridle apex can be
recovered by two men operating the equipment in bad weather, and shall be
equipped with ratchet gear and brake.
b. The winch shall be capable of handling at least a 5-tonne load, or 150 percent of
the weight of the bridle, plus attachments including intermediate pennant,
whichever is greater.
c. It shall be suitably secured to the barge structure.
3. The breaking load of the recovery wire shall be at least three times the weight of the
bridle, apex and intermediate pennant.
4. The wire shall be at least 1 inch (25 mm) diameter.
5. The recovery wire shall be shackled onto the bridle apex.
6. It may have its own shackles on the rear side of the delta plate.
7. Bridle or pennant shall be equipped with a buoy.

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9.11.2 Type BWith Pennant

If the Type A system cannot be fitted, the Type B system shown in Figure 2 may be used.
1. Type B system has an additional pennant. It is as follows:
a. not less than 165 ft. (50 m) in length, as strong as the intermediate pennant;
b. connected into the towing arrangement at the fore end of the bridle apex;
c. led back to the barge, being soft lashed to one of the bridle legs;
d. to be secured outside of all obstructions along the deck edge with soft lashings
every 10 ft. (3 m), or metal clips opening outwards.
2. The terminal eye shall be located close to the barge side to enable it to be passed to the
towing vessel.
3. A messenger line shall be available to assist in this operation.
9.12

Emergency Towing Gear

1. Emergency towing gear must be provided in case of bridle failure or inability to recover the
bridle. This gear shall normally be:
a. fitted at the bow of the barge, but may be accepted at the stern;
b. either be a separate bridle and pennant, or a system as shown in Figure 3.
2. Appropriate spare parts should also be stored on board the tug to make repairs to the primary
bridle and connections.
3. The alternative system consists of the following:
a. Tow connection on or near the barge centerline (over a bulkhead)
b. Capped fairlead (if required)
c. Emergency pennant, minimum length 200 ft. (61 m) with hard eyes and chain from tow
connection to beyond deck edge
d. Extension wire (if required) that is long enough to prevent the float line chafing on the
barge
e. Float line, to extend 300 ft. (91.5 m) aft of stern
f.

Conspicuous, easily handled, plastic buoy trailing system

4. The strength of items listed above shall be as for the main bridle and connections.
5. The breaking load of the handling systems shall not be less than 30 tonnes, which must be
sufficient to break securing devices.
6. If the emergency tow gear is attached forward, it shall be led over the main tow bridle.
7. It shall be secured to the edge of the barge deck, outside all obstructions, with soft lashings
every 10 ft. (3 m) or metal clips opening outwards.
8. If the emergency tow gear is attached aft, the wire shall be coiled or flaked near the stern so
that it can be pulled clear.
9. The outboard eye shall be led over the deck edge to prevent chafe of the float line.
10. The Type B recovery system cannot be accepted as, or be connected to, the emergency tow
gear as it relies on the main bridle tow connections.

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Figure 3:

FFS-PU-5116-A

Emergency Towing Gear

10.0

BARGE STABILITY

10.1

General
1. Supplier shall provide Purchaser with calculations and drawings showing the barge-cargo
layouts, buoyancy arrangement and mass properties.
2. The Supplier shall provide a ballast condition which will meet the stability requirement for
barge plus cargo.
a. This includes loadout, towing and installation procedures.
b. Stability analysis shall be based on applicable Classification Society requirements.
3. All barges shall satisfy the intact and damaged stability requirements set forth in
Requirements for Mobile Offshore Drilling Units by the United States Coast Guard (USCG)
(see Section 2.0, or equivalent requirements set forth by a recognized certifying agency or
bureau).

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4. In addition to meeting the USCG (or equivalent agency) requirements, the following stability
requirements set in FFS-SU-5217 and set by MWS shall be met:
a. The range of static stability of barge and cargo about an axis shall exceed 40 degrees.
b. The angle of downflooding, the point where nonwatertight opening immersion starts, shall
exceed 20 degrees.
c. The wind shall correspond to the 1 in 100 tow for the specific route planned.
d. Unless specifically acknowledged otherwise by the Purchaser, the analysis shall be based
on the tow taking place during the time of year that would cause the most severe stability
problems.
e. For the intact dynamic stability, factors of safety against overturning by a 100-knot wind
shall not be less than 1.4 calculated as the ratio of areas under the righting and overturning
moment curves up to the second intercept of those curves or the angle of downflooding if
less.
f.

10.2

For the damage dynamic stability, factors of safety against overturning by a 50-knot wind
shall not be less than 1.4 calculated as the ratio of areas under the righting and overturning
moment curves up to the second intercept of those curves or the angle of down-flooding if
less.

Draft
1. After loadout, Supplier shall reballast the barge(s) for the tow condition.
2. The towage draft shall be shallow enough to give adequate freeboard and stability, yet deep
enough to dampen motion and reduce slamming.
3. Mean draft in the towage condition shall not exceed the assigned load line.
4. Where water ballast is used, it shall, where possible, be kept in full tanks, pressed up so as to
minimize free surface sloshing.
a. Other tanks shall be clean and empty.
b. All tanks not deemed as clean and empty are to be included in the loading condition and
stability analysis of the barge.
5. When selecting tanks to be filled with ballast, the side or wing tanks shall be used to gain the
greatest inertia to resist barge rolling accelerations. Ballast shall not be concentrated midships
nor isolated at the fore and aft ends as these arrangements will create undesirable sagging or
hogging stresses respectively within the barge structure.
6. The effect of cargo removal offshore on a barge ballast arrangement shall be checked,
particularly when more than one item is being transported on a barge. If offshore ballast
adjustments are necessary, they shall be indicated on the arrangement drawing.
7. An approximately 12 inches (305 mm) wide by 4 ft. (1.2 m) long white line shall be painted on
the port and starboard side of the barges bow and stern draft lines.

10.3

Trim
1. Trim shall be obtained, where possible, by the position of cargo.
2. Positioning of the cargo to achieve the desired trim shall not result in excessively high
longitudinal and/or heave accelerations of the cargo.

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3. Trim shall be selected to give good directional control and will typically be 0.3 and 1.0 percent
of the waterline length by the stern.
4. Where barges with faired sterns are fitted with directional stabilizing skegs, it may be best to
have no trim.
5. Supplier shall discuss this option with the Purchaser and obtain acceptance prior to
implementation.
6. There should be enough trim in still water to permit the barge to remain level with the tow gear
stretched out.
10.4

List
The ballast arrangement shall produce the least possible list, and must never be such that static list
exceeds 1 percent of the barge breadth.

10.5

Pumping and Sounding

10.5.1 Pumping System
1. All barges shall have one of the following systems, able to pump into and from all
critical tanks, in order of preference:
a. Two independent pump rooms or one protected pump room, as described below.
b. An unprotected pump room with an independent emergency system that can pump
out the pump room.
c. A system of portable pumps.
2. Independent pump rooms shall have separate pumps, control, and access.
a. Each shall be able to work into all tanks.
b. This may be achieved by splitting a compartment with a watertight bulkhead.
3. A pump room area shall be protected from flooding, caused by grounding or collision,
by the construction of cofferdams or double bottoms with a minimum depth of 6 ft.
(1.8 m) from the outside hull.
4. Prior to sail away, tug crew is to be trained on how to utilize the barges ballast system
in the event ballasting or deballasting is required enroute.
10.5.2 Pump Type
1. If portable pumps are used, then they shall either be portable enough to be moved
around the barge (and cargo) by two men, or enough pumping equipment shall be
carried, so that any compartment can be covered.
2. Each portable pump shall be able to pump out from the deepest tank (with top hat
installed).
a. This requires submersible pumps for barges over about 18 ft. (5.6 m) depth, due to
suction head.
b. Portable submersible pumps shall be able to fit through tank manholes.

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10.5.3 Pump Capacity

1. The total capacity of the fixed or portable pumps shall be such that any one wing tank
(or other critical tank or pump room) can be emptied in 4 hours.
2. At least two pumps shall be provided, except where there is a protected pump room.
10.5.4 Vents
1. All compartments connected to a pumping system shall have a 0.25 inches (6 mm)
diameter breather hole fitted in the air-pipe.
2. This will give audible warning or reduce pressure differentials in event of mishap.
3. This breather hole can be drilled into the gooseneck of the vent or a metal sleeved hole
in the wooden bung used to close the vent.
4. For short unmanned tows, the vents shall be closed with the wooden bungs.
10.5.5 Watertight Manholes
1. If manholes to critical compartments are covered up by cargo, either alternative
manholes shall be fitted or cutting gear shall be installed and positions marked for
making access and welding gear and materials carried for remaking watertight.
2. Access shall always be available to pump rooms and other work areas.
3. Ladders to the tank bottom are required from each manhole position.
4. Suitable tools shall be provided for removal and refastening manhole covers and
sounding plugs.
5. All manhole covers shall be properly secured with bolts and gaskets, renewed as
necessary.
10.5.6 Top Hats
1. For manholes in decks that can be covered by seas, a top hat, normally 24 inches
(600 mm) high that can be bolted in place, shall be provided.
2. A sounding plug shall be installed in each compartment (in manhole covers if
necessary) to avoid removing manhole covers.
3. For tanks that will be sounded regularly, a sounding tube and striker plate are required.
11.0

EMERGENCY ANCHOR SYSTEM

11.1

General
All barges shall have an emergency anchor system, always capable of holding the barge and cargo
in gale conditions.
Note

11.2

Many anchors fitted to classification society rules are only suitable for holding the barge
without cargo.

Size and Type of Anchor

1. The weight of one anchor shall be at least 1/10 of the static bollard pull required for the tow.
2. For a barge that will be used for many tows, the anchor shall be chosen for that with the largest
bollard pull requirements.

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11.3

FFS-PU-5116-A

Anchor Cable Length

1. The minimum effective length of anchor cable required is 600 ft. (180 m), or nine times the
water depth in which the barge is anchored, and preferably mounted on a winch.
2. If the cable runs through a spurling pipe or other access to storage below decks, then the pipe
or access shall be capable of being made watertight.
3. If there is no winch and inadequate space to flake out a cable properly, a minimum length of
300 ft. (90 m) may be acceptable.

11.4

Anchor Cable Strength

1. For cable on a winch, or capstan, which can be paid out under control, the minimum breaking
load of the cable shall be fifteen times the weight of the anchor, or one and one-half times
holding power of the anchor if greater.
2. For cable flaked out, to allow for the extra shock load, the minimum breaking load of the cable
shall be thirty times the weight of the anchor (or three times holding power if greater).
3. The last few flakes of cable on deck shall have lashings that will break and slow down the
cable before it is fully paid out.

11.5

Attachment of Cable
1. The inboard end of the cable shall be led through a capped fairlead near the barge center line
and be securely fixed to the barge.
2. The breaking load of connections of the cable to the padeye or winch and padeye or winch to
the barge structure shall be greater than that of the cable.

11.6

Anchor Mounting and Release

1. If there is no suitable permanent anchor housing, the anchor shall be mounted on a billboard,
as shown in Figure 4 at about 60 degrees to the horizontal.
2. The anchor shall be held on the billboard in stops to prevent lateral and upwards movement. It
shall be secured by wire and/or chain stops that can be easily released manually without
endangering the operator.
3. The billboard shall normally be mounted on the stern. It shall be positioned such that on
release the anchor will drop clear of the barge and the cable will pay out without fouling.
4. If the anchor is mounted at the stern, this will become the bow when anchored. Anchor lights
and shapes must be positioned accordingly.
5. For any system, it must be possible to safely release the anchor manually, without the use of
power to release pawls or dog securing devices. If the anchor is held on a brake, an additional
manually released fastening shall be fitted.
6. Anchor windlass, if equipped, shall be tested prior to sail away to insure it is in good operating
condition.

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Figure 4:

12.0

FFS-PU-5116-A

Billboard Emergency Anchor Mounting

MOORING ARRANGEMENTS
Supplier shall submit to Purchaser all proposed mooring arrangements and details for review.
Supplier may be requested to submit the proposed mooring arrangement to the Purchaser
designated Marine Warranty Surveyor for review.

12.1

Position
1. The barge shall be provided with a minimum of four mooring positions (bollards/stagehorse,
etc.) on each side of the barge.
2. If fairleads to the bollards are not installed, the bollards shall be provided with capping bars,
horns, or head plate to suitably retain mooring lines at high angles of pull.

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12.2

FFS-PU-5116-A

Mooring Ropes
1. At least four mooring ropes of adequate length and strength, typically about 2 to 3 inches
(50 to 75 mm) diameter polyprop or nylon, 200 to 300 ft. (60 to 90 m) long each, shall be
provided for a sea passage.
2. These ropes may be carried on the towing unit if they cannot be stored or secured on the barge.

13.0

DAMAGE CONTROL
When the planned duration of the tow exceeds two days, the following equipment shall be carried
on the barge (or tug) in packages:
1. Burning Gear
2. Welding Equipment
3. Steel Plate
4. Caulking Material
5. Sand
6. Cement
7. Nails
8. Wooden PlugsVarious Sizes
9. Wooden WedgesVarious Sizes
10. Hammer and Tools

14.0

NAVIGATION LIGHTS AND SOUND SIGNALS

14.1

General
The barge shall carry the lights, shapes and sound signaling appliances required by the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) or most recent issue and any
local regulations.

14.2

Power Source
1. Navigation lights shall be independently operated (e.g., by gas burning or from independent
electrical power source).
a. All gas bottles, including spares, are to be adequately secured.
b. Rope lashings are not acceptable.
2. Spare mantles/bulbs shall be carried, and power sources shall be amply adequate for the
maximum anticipated duration of the voyage, and a 25 percent power reserve capacity above
the maximum anticipated power usage during the voyage.

15.0

TOWING VESSEL

15.1

General
1. The towing vessel(s) shall be inspected by a Marine Warranty Surveyor and a Purchaser
appointed inspector before the tow. The survey shall cover the vessel, its equipment,
machinery and manning, and compliance with marine safety regulations and standards.

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2. Upon receipt of barge dimensions, loaded draft and dimensions of cargo, the Supplier shall
assess a towage resistance and will submit for Purchaser review the details of towing vessel(s).
3. Minimum bollard pull requirements shall be computed by methods accepted by the Purchaser
and submitted to the Purchaser for review.
15.2

Towing Winch
1. The towing vessel(s) shall be equipped with towing winches.
2. If only one drum is used for towing wire, the spare wire shall be stowed on a reel or other
spooling device and be readily accessible even in heavy weather and in such a position that
transfer to the main towing drum can be easily effected.
3. The winch shall be adequately secured to the tug.
4. The end of the wire shall be made fast to the drum.

15.3

Tailgates/Stern Rails
Where a towing tailgate or stern rail is fitted, the radius of the upper rail shall be more than ten
times the diameter of the vessels main towline and adequately faired to prevent snagging.

15.4

Additional Equipment
1. Antichafe gear shall be fitted as necessary. In particular, the wire shall be protected at towing
pods, tow bars and stern rail.
2. All towing vessel shall be equipped with burning and welding gear suitable for use by crew
members during periods of emergency.
3. On any tow outside coastal limits, the towing vessel(s) shall carry a portable pump suitably
equipped with means of suction and delivery, having a self-contained power unit with
sufficient fuel for 12 hours usage at the pumps maximum rating.

15.5

Towline Positioning and Control

1. Positioning the towline in preparation for towage shall be conducted in such a manner so as to
prevent entanglement and fouling around the propellers of the tug.
2. Where a towing pod is fitted, its strength shall be shown to be adequate. It shall be well faired
and the inside and ends shall have a minimum radius of ten times the towline diameter.
3. Where no pod is fitted, the after deck shall be fitted with a gog rope, mechanically operated
and capable of being adjusted from a remote station.
4. Where the anchor-handling wire is used as a gog rope, a spare must be carried.
5. On square-sterned towing vessels, mechanically or hydraulically operated stops, capable of
being withdrawn or removed, shall be fitted near the aft end of the bulwarks to prevent the
towline slipping around the vessels quarter in heavy weather.
6. A powered work boat shall be provided, for emergency communication with the cargo barge
while under tow and must have adequate means for launching in a sea way.
7. In addition to the classification requirements, the towing vessel shall carry portable
transmitter/receivers, i.e., walkie-talkies, for communication with the barge when tug
personnel are placed on board during an emergency.
8. Suitable spare batteries or means of recharging them shall be provided.

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9. Tow vessel(s) shall be fitted with a search light to aid night operations and for use in
illuminating the tow during periods of emergency or malfunction of the prescribed navigation
lights.
15.6

Bunkers
1. The towing vessel(s) shall have a 25 percent reserve of fuel and other consumables onboard at
all times during the voyage including upon arrival at destination.
2. In the event that the fuel reserve drops below the 25 percent requirement during the voyage,
Supplier shall resupply the towing vessel(s) at sea. If refueling enroute is proposed, then
suitable arrangements shall be made before the tow starts.

16.0

TRANSPORTATION CONDITIONS

16.1

General
1. The cargo and seafastening shall be designed to withstand the motions and forces resulting
from the design transportation conditions.
2. Suppliers procedure for performing all motion related analyses, including fatigue analysis,
shall be submitted to the Purchaser for review 30 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and
Supplier) prior to starting analyses.
3. Analysis shall use weights and center-of gravity positions based on detailed weight reports
(including contingencies).
4. Supplier may be requested to submit the motion related analyses to the Purchaser designated
Marine Warranty Surveyor.

16.2

Motion Analysis
1. A dynamic motion analysis of the barge-cargo system shall be performed to determine
maximum barge response for a 1 in 100 tow for the specific route planned as accepted by the
Purchaser.
2. The Supplier shall obtain tow specific environmental criteria for the analysis from a
recognized marine consultant and submit it to Purchaser for review along with the analysis
procedure.
3. A tow-route metocean report shall detail the characteristics (significant wave height, range of
period, and wave spectrum) of a 10-year recurrence interval maximum storm.
4. Unless specifically acknowledged otherwise by the Purchaser, the analyses shall assume tow
to take place during that part of the year that results in the most severe barge-cargo response.
5. If final barge selections have not been made, conservative assumptions shall be made
regarding barge sizes and cargo layouts.
6. The analysis shall consider the following:
a. Static and dynamic loading from barge movements (head, quartering and beam seas)
b. One minute sustained wind
c. Wave slamming, pounding, and buoyancy of items on deck (for the maximum angle of roll
or pitch, assuming a level sea)
d. The cargo (structure) and seafastenings shall be designed for the 1 in 1000 forces resulting
from the above

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7. Gravity, roll, and pitch acceleration forces shall be resolved into components acting parallel to
and perpendicular with the barge deck. These combinations of forces shall be tabulated for all
items of cargo, and used at the basis of design for cargo, supports, and seafastenings.
8. Maximum loads from a time-domain dynamic analysis shall be used to design the cargo and
seafastening and to check the integrity of the vessel structure.
9. In the absence of a dynamic analysis, and with Purchaser review, Supplier may use individual
accelerations from surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll and yaw combined in various realistic
combinations to develop inertial loads. These loads shall be used to design the cargo and
seafastening and to check the integrity of the vessel structure.
10. With prior Purchaser acceptance, accelerations for strength of barge, cargo, and seafastening
can be derived from the motion criteria set in the Noble Denton documents (0028 and 0030).
16.3

Allowable Stress Levels

1. The Supplier shall provide documentation and calculations to Purchaser not later than
120 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to respective loadout dates
demonstrating that all barges and cargo comply with all allowable stresses set forth by the
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Manual of Steel Construction, or equivalent,
and the barges classifying authority for all loading conditions encountered during loadout,
transportation and launch as applicable.
2. The supplier shall refer to FFS-SU-5217 for detailed requirements on allowable stress.

16.4

Fatigue Damage Analysis and Mitigation

Supplier shall provide structural fatigue analyses and designs to mitigate fatigue damage with the
following conditions:
1. Supplier shall submit tow seastate criteria for review.
2. Purchaser acceptance is required for SCF formula selection.
3. Supplier shall submit to Purchaser the analytical procedures for the fatigue analysis 30 days
(or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to starting the analysis.
4. The Supplier shall refer to FFS-SU-5217 for detailed requirements on fatigue damage
calculations.

17.0

POST-TOW INSPECTION
1. A visual inspection witnessed by Purchaser, shall be made of all cargo components upon
arrival at destination.
2. Supplier shall prepare for Purchaser review a post-tow inspection plan and submit to
Purchaser for review 120 days, or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier, prior to loadout.
3. The plan shall identify members and joints to be inspected and method(s) of inspection.
4. The post tow inspection plan shall consider the results of the transportation analyses when
identifying the members and joints to be inspected.
5. Post-tow inspection result records shall be immediately available to the Purchaser and written
records shall be provided to the Purchaser within twenty-four hours of inspection and prior to
launch or lift of platform component.
6. If damage or questionable items are detected the scope of the inspection shall be increased to
ascertain overall damage to the cargo.

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7. The increased scope may include the use of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods and shall
be performed at Suppliers expense.
18.0

POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. All operations including Water Ballast Management shall be conducted in such a manner as to
preclude pollution of the waters of adjacent streams and navigable waterways.
2. The disposal of liquid waste materials into the waters shall be limited to saltwater and other
materials that have been adequately treated for the removal of oil or other constituents that
may be harmful to aquatic life or injurious to life and property.
3. Other nonliquid waste materials that may be harmful or hazardous to life or property, or that
result in an unsightly appearance, shall not be disposed of into the waters.
4. The Supplier shall take every precaution to prevent structural metal debris and junk from
falling into the ocean in and around the offshore structure(s).
5. Vessel shall at all times be in full compliance with international, national, state, and local
pollution prevention regulations as applicable.

19.0

SCRAP METAL AND CLEANUP

1. All scrap material including seafastenings shall be disposed of at Suppliers expense.
2. The Supplier shall be responsible for cleaning up the barges after delivery of the cargo.

20.0

DAMAGE REPAIR
1. The Supplier shall be responsible for repair of any damage to the cargo and shall submit repair
proposals and procedures to the Purchaser for review.
2. Repairs may be required immediately or at some future date, as directed by the Purchaser.

21.0

DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS

21.1

Towage Plan
Supplier shall submit a Towage Plan in accordance with Section 8.1 of this Specification at least
120 days prior to loadout.

21.2

Drawings
1. Supplier shall furnish Purchaser with drawings for the cargo barges, to be used for
transportation, not later than 120 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to
loadout.
2. Drawings shall include the following:
a. General Arrangement
b. Outboard Profile and Main Deck Arrangement
c. Compartmentation Plan and Capacity Plan (including Deadweight Scale)
d. Hydrostatic Curves
e. Cross Curves of Stability
f.

Midship Section and Transverse Framing Detail

g. Shell Plating and Framing

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h. Bow Sections and Details

i.

Stern Sections and Details

j.

Longitudinal and Transverse Bulkhead Details (all Bulkheads)

k. Towing Bitt Details and Tow Rigging Arrangement

l.

Ballast Schematic (including Pump Capacities and Curves)

m. Skid Way Arrangement and Details

n. Details, Specifications, and Certifications (all Towing Rigging Components)
21.3

Calculations
Supplier shall provide, 120 days (or as agreed between Purchaser and Supplier) prior to loadout,
all detailed calculations and drawings that demonstrate the adequacy of all designs.

21.4

Towing Progress Report and Documents

1. The barge position and attitude will be recorded at least twice daily, communicated by radio
and facsimile, or other agreed upon methods, to the designated Purchaser Representative at
least once a day.
2. A barge log shall be kept current and a copy provided to the Purchaser at the completion of the
charter.
3. This document will include:
a. Date and Time
b. Position, Speed and Heading
c. Wind Speed and Direction
d. Sea Height and Direction
e. Swell Height and Direction
f.

Barge Roll Angle and Period

g. Any Unusual Cargo and Vessel Behavior

h. Distance covered in last 24 hours/till date/Balance to go
i.

Expected Time of Arrival at destination

j.

Fuel and Lubes consumed in last 24 hrs/Balance on board

4. In order for the Purchaser to monitor the progress of the voyage, the Owner/Operator shall
provide or authorize the Purchaser to install Purple Finder on the powered vessel. Or
alternatively would like to access the facility if same is provided by Supplier/Vessel Owners or
Operators.
22.0

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

1. Supplier shall maintain full-time quality control inspector(s) at fabrication and assembly sites
at all times when significant work is being carried out.
2. At least one AWS certified welding inspector will be on duty whenever welding is in progress.

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