BCC Engineering Guideline PDF

Engineering Guide for
Development
- 2005 -
Growing With Pride
FEBRUARY 2005 REVISION 1 ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT
UPDATES REGISTRATION
If you would like to register for updates of this Handbook, please detach this page, enter your
details and post to:
Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals

Blacktown City Council
PO Box 63
BLACKTOWN NSW 2148
Email registrations can be sent to: council@blacktown.nsw.gov.au
Fax registrations can be sent to: (02) 9831-1961
Name:
_________________________________________________________
Organisation: _________________________________________________________
Address:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Email:
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BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005
Amendment History
Amendment
Date
Original issue
Plans A(BS)101M,106M,124M,131M,134S
New clause 5.19 added Road Names
OSD map revised
OSD in append D relocated to append B
Pedestrian refuge guideline added to Append C
Standard Council Plan A(BS)143M added to
append I
Section 10.1 of appd D- list of programmes
New Clause (e) to positive covenants OSD
Path paving Policy updated
New plan A(BS)M 152 added
Section 5.18 amended to include reference to
Boom gates and Council Plan A(BS)152M
Various amendments to reflect changes to
Councils internal structure
Section 3.1 amended to reflect latest versions
of acceptable design manuals
Section 10.1 appnd D list of progm amended
Pedestrian refuge policy deleted
OSD map updated
Various external reference manuals updated
Ie Austroad publications
Standard Plan A(BS) 113M updated
Standard Plan A(BS) 114M deleted
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005
February 2005
June 2009
November 2009
December 2009
December 2009
February 2010
February 2010
March 2010
September 2010
October 2010
October 2010
October 2010
October 2010
October 2010
November 2012
November 2012
November 2012
November 2012
November 2012
November 2012
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT
2005
FOREWORD
This Guide, and its accompanying document, Council's Work Specification - Civil, have been
prepared to provide engineering guidelines for the subdivision and development of land within
the Blacktown City Council area.
The aim of the Guide is to facilitate the efficient processing of engineering plan submissions,
and to ensure that infrastructure associated with any development is designed and constructed to
be safe, serviceable, economical to maintain and meets community expectations.
Applicants should be aware that each development is required to be treated on its merits, and
that approval is dependant on the overall impact of the development and not solely on
compliance with minimum engineering standards.
Nothing in this Guide is to be construed as limiting, in any way, Council's rights to impose
differing conditions when approving development proposals, nor limiting the discretion of
Council's Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals or his nominated representative to vary any
necessary engineering requirements in respect of a particular development, having regard to
good engineering practice.
Council wishes to acknowledge the assistance freely given by other Councils, Consultants and
Contractors who suggested matters that required updating, new processes and products that may
be adopted or provided assistance in this latest revision to ensure that this document represents
current "best practice".
ii

GLOSSARY
1:5 (V:H)
Slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal.
AC
Asphaltic Concrete.
ACRS
Australian Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steel.
Accredited
Certifier
Person qualified to issue certificates and operate as a Principal Certifying

Authority (PCA) under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act
1979.
Applicant
Any person/s, company or entity representing the Applicant for the purpose of
constructing the Works. This may also include Council.
AR&R (1998) Australian Rainfall and Run-off (1998).

ARI
Average Recurrence Interval.
AS
Australian Standards published by the Standards Association of Australia and

being current at the time of application.
Certified
Stockpile
A stockpile that has been certified by Council as complying with its specification
Co-ordinator Council's Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals of Council's Development

Services Unit.
Council
Blacktown City Council as represented by its employees.
Council
Engineer
Person approving or inspecting works on behalf of Council.
DC or
Consent
Notice of Determination giving Subdivision or Development Consent.
Development Person carrying out the day to day inspections on behalf of Council.
Supervisor
Documents
All expressed and implied Specifications, Standards, Drawings and

Correspondence, which are related to the works and referred to by Council or
issued by Council.
iii
Engineer or
Registered
Engineer
Person who is a practising Engineer registered on the Institution of Engineers,

Australia, National Professional Engineers Register (NPER) in the relevant field
of work.
EP&A Act
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, as amended.
EPA
Environmental Protection Authority.
FRC pipe
Fibre Reinforced Cement pipe.
Guide
Blacktown City Council's Engineering Guide for Development.
Maintenance Period of a minimum of Twelve (12) months after the issue of the
Period
Subdivision Certificate (release of the Plan of Subdivision) or Development
Completion, or such time as Council deems reasonable for the Final Certificate of
Completion.
NATA
National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.
NATA
Registered
Laboratory
A laboratory accredited by NATA to undertake the specific test referred to in

the body of the text.
OH&S
Occupational Health & Safety.
OSD
On-site Stormwater Detention.
PSD
Permissible Site Discharge.
RCP
Reinforced Concrete Pipe.
RHS
Rectangular Hollow Section.
RMS
Roads & Maritime Services (Formerly RTA)
RTA
Roads & Traffic Authority, New South Wales ( now RMS)
Site
Area of land being developed under the Subdivision or Development Approval.
SQID
Stormwater Quality Improvement Device.
SSR
Site Storage Requirement.
Supervisor
The person appointed by the Applicant to supervise the construction Works and
to represent the Applicant.
Surveyor
Registered Surveyor.
UCS
Unconfined Compressive Strength.
UPVC
Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (referring to pipe).
VCP
Vitrified Clay Pipe.
WAE
Works as Executed Plan.
Works
The development of land as described by the Drawings and Specifications (the

Documents) as proposed by the Applicant and as cited and approved by Council
"For Construction" including all the area of the land being developed.
WSUD
Water Sensitive Urban Design.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY
1.
GENERAL PROCEDURES
2.
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
3.
ROAD DESIGN
4.
DRAINAGE DESIGN
5.
MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS
6.
APPENDICES
A.
CHECKLIST FOR ENGINEERING PLANS
B.
ON-SITE DETENTION GENERAL GUIDELINES & CHECKLIST
C.
COUNCIL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES

PATH PAVING POLICY
PEDESTRIAN REFUGE GUIDELINE
D.
DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL
E.
BOND DOCUMENTS, FORMAT & INSTRUCTIONS
F.
STANDARD RECITAL FOR TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS &

RESTRICTIONS
G.
EXAMPLE OF A LOT FILL PLAN
H.
EXAMPLE EASEMENT CERTIFICATE
I.
STANDARD DRAWINGS
vi
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
FOREWORD ..................................................................................................... i
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... ii
1
GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
General ........................................................................................................ 1 - 1
Aim .............................................................................................................. 1 - 1
Engineering Plans, Inspections & Accredited Certifiers ............................. 1 - 1
Overview of Engineering Process for the Applicant ................................... 1 - 2
Engineering Survey & Bench Marks .......................................................... 1 - 5
Engineering Drawings ................................................................................. 1 - 6
Persons Qualified ........................................................................................ 1 - 6
Consultation ................................................................................................ 1 - 6
Inspection of Works .................................................................................... 1 - 6
Tree Preservation......................................................................................... 1 - 7
Street Trees .................................................................................................. 1 - 8
Erosion & Sediment Control ....................................................................... 1 - 8
Road Safety Audit & OH&S Requirements ................................................ 1 - 8
Bonds ........................................................................................................... 1 - 9
Contributions/Monetary Payments .............................................................. 1 - 10
Works-As-Executed (W.A.E.) Plans ........................................................... 1 - 10
Certificates .................................................................................................. 1 - 11
Written Consents ......................................................................................... 1 - 12
Street Lighting ............................................................................................. 1 - 12
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Scope ........................................................................................................... 2 - 1
Aim .............................................................................................................. 2 - 1
General Requirements ................................................................................. 2 - 1
Roads & Drainage Drawings....................................................................... 2 - 1
On-site Stormwater Detection Drawings .................................................... 2 - 2
Title Blocks ................................................................................................. 2 - 2
Title Sheet/Layout Plan ............................................................................... 2 - 2
Detail Plan ................................................................................................... 2 - 3
Road Long Section(s) .................................................................................. 2 - 5
vii
CONTENTS
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
PAGE NO.
Road Cross Section(s) ................................................................................. 2 - 5
Typical Road Cross Section(s) .................................................................... 2 - 6
Kerb Return, Cul-de-Sac & Splay Corner Details ...................................... 2 - 6
Traffic Calming Devices, Median Islands & Other .................................... 2 - 7
Miscellaneous Details
Pathways...................................................................................................... 2 - 7
Drainage Catchment Plan ............................................................................ 2 - 8
Drainage Calculations ................................................................................. 2 - 8
Drainage Longitudinal Section(s) ............................................................... 2 - 9
Other Drainage Details ................................................................................ 2 - 9
Easement Widths ......................................................................................... 2 - 11
Overland Flow Paths ................................................................................... 2 - 11
Retaining Walls ........................................................................................... 2 - 12
Erosion & Sediment Control Measures ....................................................... 2 - 12
Traffic Management Measures.................................................................... 2 - 13
Adjoining Owners Permission .................................................................... 2 - 14
Works-As-Executed Plans for Engineering Works ..................................... 2 - 14
Fill Plans ...................................................................................................... 2 - 17
Sheet Sizes................................................................................................... 2 - 17
Scales ........................................................................................................... 2 - 18
Dimensions .................................................................................................. 2 - 18
ROAD DESIGNS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
Scope ........................................................................................................... 3 - 1
Aim .............................................................................................................. 3 - 1
Planning Standards ...................................................................................... 3 - 1
Half Width Roads ........................................................................................ 3 - 3
Construction Specification .......................................................................... 3 - 3
Pavement Design ......................................................................................... 3 - 3
Pavement Surfacing..................................................................................... 3 - 5
Geometric Design - General Principles (including designing for salinity) .......... 3 - 5
Design Speed ............................................................................................... 3 - 6
Sight Distance ............................................................................................. 3 - 7
Horizontal Alignment .................................................................................. 3 - 8
Transitions & Widening on Curves ............................................................. 3 - 8
Longitudinal Gradients ................................................................................ 3 - 8
Vertical Curves ............................................................................................ 3 - 9
Super-Elevation ........................................................................................... 3 - 10
Carriageway Crossfall ................................................................................. 3 - 10
Kerb & Gutter.............................................................................................. 3 - 11
Footpath Crossfall ....................................................................................... 3 - 11
Berms .......................................................................................................... 3 - 11
Batters.......................................................................................................... 3 - 11
viii
CONTENTS
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
Intersections ................................................................................................ 3 - 12
Kerb Returns ............................................................................................... 3 - 12
Cul-de-sac Head Kerb Guttering ................................................................. 3 - 13
Roundabouts ................................................................................................ 3 - 14
Traffic Calming Devices ............................................................................. 3 - 14
DRAINAGE DESIGN
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
PAGE NO.
Scope ........................................................................................................... 4 - 1
Aim .............................................................................................................. 4 - 1
General Requirements ................................................................................. 4 - 1
Trunk Drainage Designs.............................................................................. 4 - 1
Extent of Works .......................................................................................... 4 - 1
Adjoining Owners Consent/Creation of Drainage Easements .................... 4 - 2
Interallotment Drainage............................................................................... 4 - 2
Subsoil Drainage ......................................................................................... 4 - 2
Flood Liable Land ....................................................................................... 4 - 3
Pit Design .................................................................................................... 4 - 3
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) ..................................................... 4 - 3
MISCELLANEOUS REQURIEMENTS
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
Scope ........................................................................................................... 5 - 1
Aim .............................................................................................................. 5 - 1
Kerbs, Laybacks & Kerb Ramps ................................................................. 5 - 1
Path Paving .................................................................................................. 5 - 1
Battleaxe Handles ........................................................................................ 5 - 2
Lot Filling.................................................................................................... 5 - 2
Conduits/Ducts ............................................................................................ 5 - 3
Safety Notation ............................................................................................ 5 - 3
Temporary Roads ........................................................................................ 5 - 3
Street Furniture ............................................................................................ 5 - 4
Debris Disposal ........................................................................................... 5 - 4
Insurance ..................................................................................................... 5 - 4
Traffic Control for Works in Public Roads ................................................. 5 - 4
Soil & Water Management .......................................................................... 5 - 6
Landscaping of Roundabouts & Median Strips .......................................... 5 - 7
Bridges & Culverts ...................................................................................... 5 - 9
Safety Barriers for Roads & Bridges........................................................... 5 - 9
Fencing & Access Points Adjacent to Public Reserves, Drainage
Reserves and Channels ................................................................................ 5 9
Road Names..................................................................................................5 9
ix
APPENDICES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I
Checklist for Engineering Plans .................................................................. A - 1

On-site Detention General Guidelines & Checklist .................................... B - 1
Councils Policies and Guidelines ................................................................ C-1
Path paving policy
Pedestrian Refuge Guideline
Drainage Design Manual ............................................................................. D -1
Bond Documents, Format & Instructions ................................................... E - 1
Standard Recital for Terms of Easements, Covenants & Restrictions ........ F - 1
Example of a Lot Fill Plan...G - 1
Example Easement Certificate.H - 1
Standard Drawings ...................................................................................... I - 1
1.
GENERAL PROCEDURES
1.1
Scope
This section of the Engineering Guide sets out Council's general procedures
and practices in respect of engineering requirements for subdivision and
development of land within the Council area.
1.2
Aim
To provide an Applicant with an outline of Council's engineering procedures
for subdivisions and developments.
1.3
Engineering Plans, Inspections & Accredited Certifiers

In this Guide, whenever the term "Engineering Plan" is used, this is deemed to
also be a reference to engineering plans associated with Construction
Certificates issued by Council or Private Accredited Certifiers under the
EP&A Act 1979, and Engineering Approvals issued by Council under the
Roads Act 1993 and Local Government Act 1993.
Private Accredited Certifiers may issue Construction and Compliance
Certificates for subdivision and development works in accordance with the
requirements of the EP&A Act 1979. Therefore any reference made in this
Guide to approvals or inspections by Councils Engineers or Development
Supervisors for works under the EP&A Act 1979 shall also be deemed to be a
reference to certificates issued and inspections carried out by Private
Accredited Certifiers under the EP&A Act 1979.
Private Accredited Certifiers do not have any authority to issue Engineering
Approvals or carry out inspections for works on Public Roads under the Roads
Act 1993.
It should also be noted that Construction Certificates cannot be issued for
works on sites that are not part of the "subject land" for which the
Development Consent has been issued.
An example is interallotment drainage through adjacent lots that are not
included in the "subject land". In this case, a separate Section 68 Local
Government Act 1993 Approval would be required for the drainage works.
This form of approval can only be issued by Council.
Private Accredited Certifiers have no authority to vary the requirements of this
Guide. They must comply with all of the Guides requirements prior to issuing
any Construction or Compliance Certificates under the EP&A Act 1979.
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005
1-1
1.4
Overview of Engineering Process for the Applicant

This section of the Guide sets out the suggested steps an Applicant should
follow once a Notice of Determination giving Development Consent to a
development has been issued by Council. All other steps required prior to
issue of consent can be found in Blacktown Development Control Plan 1992.
A.
Read Notice of Determination (Development Consent):

Where you are unsure of the meaning or extent of any condition,
contact the Council and seek clarification. (Development Consent
No./File No. will help in this instance.)
Note: Construction Certificates cannot be issued until all PreConstruction Certificate requirements/conditions of the Development
Consent have been satisfied.
B.
Engage an Engineering Consultant/Project Manager:

Satisfy yourself that the consultant has the required expertise and do
not decide on your consultant simply on the basis of fees. A higher fee
may result in substantial savings in approval time/construction costs
due to the consultant's expertise.
C.
Give the consultant a copy of the whole of the Notice of

Determination:
Any approved plans or other documents should also be given to the
consultant so he/she can fully understand the project.
D.
Let the consultant do the work:

Once the consultant has been engaged, Council's officers will have
only one contact who is co-ordinating the progress of your
development. Time delays often arise where inexperienced Applicants
try to share the project management role.
E.
Engineering plans are prepared by the consultant:.

The consultant is to arrange survey and engineering designs that will
fulfil the conditions of consent. These plans, when approved, will be
used by the contractor to construct the works.
1-2
F.
Lodge Engineering Plans with Council for approval and pay

assessment and inspection fees:
Lodge Engineering Plans, together with any other documents
/calculations/information and/or any clearances from government
authorities required to satisfy the conditions of consent. Council's
Engineer will provide a quote for the engineering fees. Once this is
accepted, Council's Engineer will assess the Engineering Plans to
ensure compliance with conditions of consent and other Council
requirements.
G.
Engineering plans returned to consultant for amendment (if

required):
The Consultant will be advised if any amendments are required to the
Engineering Plans, and if any other outstanding items are required
prior to the release of approved Engineering Plans.
H.
Engineering plans relodged with Council:

The Consultant should have carried out all the amendments required by
Council. If the consultant needs clarification of any requirements,
Council's Engineers are available for discussion. The Consultant must
also ensure that Council's "Red Mark Up" Plan (showing required
corrections) is returned to Council with the amended plans. This will
expedite their assessment.
I.
Engineering plans approved:

When Council is satisfied that the engineering plans will enable work
to be constructed with a minimum of field supervision the plans are
approved and issued in accordance with the Consent conditions.
J.
Construction of Works:
The Consultant/Applicant will engage a contractor to carry out the
works in accordance with the approved plans. Council's Engineer or
Development Supervisor will inspect the work to ensure the contractor
carries the work out in accordance with the approved plans and with
Council's "Works Specification - Civil".
K.
Lodge Works-As-Executed Plan:

Together with any Hydraulic (OSD), Structural or Compliance
Certificates, prior to requesting the final inspection.
1-3
L.
Preliminary final inspection:

When the Applicant considers that the works to be complete, Council's
Engineer/Supervisor will inspect the work and any defects will be
brought to the Applicant's attention for rectification.
M.
Final inspection:
When all the defects, identified in the Preliminary Final Inspection, are
rectified the Applicant shall request a Final Inspection. Council's
Engineer/Development Supervisor will reinspect the work to confirm
that all the defects have been rectified.
N.
Check Notice of Determination

Before requesting the issue of a Subdivision Certificate (in the case of
subdivisions) or in other cases prior to the issue of an Occupation
Certificate for the development, the development consent must be
checked in detail.
The Consultant/Applicant must ensure all
conditions have been satisfied including, but not limited to:
*
*
*
*
*
*
O.
Compliance with all engineering conditions required by the

Development Consent,
Payment of fees and contributions,
Lodgement of completed Deed of Agreement for bonded
works,
Lodgement of certificates required by the Works Specification,
Lodgement of a Works-As-Executed Plan, and
Lodgement of Hydraulic & Structural certificates.
Issue of Subdivision Certificate/Occupation Certificate:

When all engineering conditions of consent have been satisfied and the
plan of subdivision and accompanying legal documents are correct,
Council's Engineer for the project will recommend release of the plan
of subdivision. The plan will only be released by Council if all
conditions of consent have been satisfied and/or securities have been
established for outstanding works.
P.
Defects Liability/Maintenance Period:

(a)
Subdivisions: Upon the issue of a Subdivision Certificate the

constructed civil engineering work will enter the Maintenance
Period. During this period any defect which becomes evident
will be the responsibility of the Applicant to rectify. The
1-4
Maintenance Period lasts for at least 12 months from the issue

of the Subdivision Certificate. At the end of the Maintenance
Period, after any defects have been rectified, the Bond will be
released and Council will issue an "Acceptance of Works"
Certificate.
(b)
Q.
All Other Development: Upon a clearance at the Final

Inspection (Step M) the constructed work will come under a
Maintenance Period of at least 12 months. At the end of this
period and upon rectification of any defects that become
evident during that period, Council will issue an "Acceptance
of Works" Certificate.
Completion of Project:
When all bonded works have been satisfactorily completed Council
will, upon request, release all securities held over the works. In the
case of Path Paving Bonds in subdivisions, 2 years or more can elapse
between the "Acceptance of Works" and the release of the bond.
Council provides the Applicant with the option of making a monetary
payment for the works rather than be burdened with a long-term bond
in accordance with Council's Path Paving Policy (January 2001). In
this event, Council will use the Monies to construct the path paving
when building activities are finalised and when damage is less likely.
This monetary payment is based on the costs set out in Council's
Goods and Services Pricing Schedule. These costs include a provision
for the delay in construction and are updated every year.
1.5
Engineering Survey & Bench Marks

The engineering survey shall be carried out using the ISG co-ordinate
reference system and all levels shall be on Australian Height Datum (A.H.D.).
The Co-ordinator's approval shall be obtained if another datum is to be
adopted.
The survey shall accurately show the landform to facilitate the best possible
design and construction of road works and drainage consistent with minimum
interference to the existing amenity of the area.
Bench Marks shall be established at intervals not greater than 600 metres and
are to be placed where they will not be disturbed. This requirement may be
waived by the Co-ordinator where State Survey Marks exist. One copy of
each locality sketch shall be submitted to Council at the same time as the final
Plan of Subdivision (Subdivision Certificate).
1-5
1.6
Engineering Drawings
Engineering Drawings shall be submitted in triplicate, with a covering letter,
by the Consultant. One set of approved plans will be returned to the
Consultant with an approval letter. It is suggested that one (1) set of plans be
submitted for an initial check by Council's Engineers, followed by the
submission of the full set upon completion of any amendments required by
Council.
The preparation of engineering drawings for developments and subdivisions
shall be carried out in accordance with Section 2 - "Engineering Drawings", of
this Guide.
The civil engineering drawings will be checked by Council's Engineers for
compliance with these guidelines. It is the responsibility of the Consultant to
ensure that the designs, calculations and specifications comply with Consent
Conditions, this Guide, relevant Australian Standards and other Council
Codes. Approval of the drawings does not relieve the Applicant from
rectifying any errors or omissions which become evident during construction
or the liability period.
The Applicant is required to comply with Council's current standards and if
work has not substantially commenced within two (2) years of the date of the
endorsed approval, the Co-ordinator may require that revised engineering
drawings, calculations and specifications be submitted for a renewed approval.
1.7
Persons Qualified
Unless stated otherwise in this Guide, Council requires that design plans be
prepared to Council's standards by a person either holding qualifications
acceptable for Corporate Membership of the Institution of Engineers Australia
or approved by the Co-ordinator and/or who has proven experience in the
preparation of plans and specifications for land development.
1.8
Consultation
Designers are encouraged to consult with Council and other relevant
authorities during the preparation of design plans.
1.9
Inspection of Works
All road and drainage works carried out by the Applicant that will become part
of Council's infrastructure, are to be inspected by Council's Engineers and
Development Supervisors in accordance with Council's Works Specification Civil.
1-6
In addition to all engineering works associated with land subdivisions,

Council's Engineers and Development Supervisors will also approve and carry
out inspections for road and drainage works on Public Roads, On-site
Stormwater Detention Systems, Interallotment Stormwater Drainage Lines,
WSUD features, Stormwater Quality Improvement Devices, Stormwater flow
paths and channels, and Community Title/ Private Access Roads.
A separate application shall be submitted to Council in respect of footway and
gutter crossings and inspections shall be arranged with Council's Maintenance
Section.
1.10
Tree Preservation
Applicants are advised that NO trees shall be removed without Council's
permission. The Applicant shall provide a tree survey plan detailing the trees
to be retained and clearly defining any trees proposed for removal.
The following Tree Preservation Order applies to the City:
Blacktown City Council Tree Preservation Policy is covered by Clause 25
of the Blacktown Local Environmental Plan 1988.
"Tree Preservation
25.
(1)
A person shall not ringbark, cut down, lop, top, remove, injure
or wilfully destroy any tree, or cause any tree to be ringbarked, but down,
topped, lopped, removed, injured or wilfully destroyed, except with the
consent of the Council.
(2)
In any proceedings for an offence arising under this Clause, it
shall be sufficient defence to prove that the tree ringbarked, cut down, topped,
lopped, removed, injured or wilfully destroyed, was dying or dead or had
become dangerous.
(3)
This clause does not apply to trees in State forest or on land
reserved as a timber reserve within the meaning of the Forestry Act 1916, or to
trees required to be lopped in accordance with Regulation 38 or 29 of the
Overhead Line Construction and Maintenance Regulations 1962, or to any
trees which are under the control or management of Sydney Water.
(4)
This clause does not operate so as to require a consent to be
given pursuant to this clause for the carrying out of development at a plant
nursery if the development could be lawfully carried out at the plant nursery in
the absence of this clause."
1-7
Council may require Applicants to lodge a Tree Bond to ensure trees are not
damaged or removed during the construction of works.
Engineering Plans must bear the following note:
Prior to the commencement of any earthworks, and after the road centrelines
have been pegged and/or permanently marked, the site must be inspected by
Council's representative and the Applicant's representative to identify and
appropriately mark:
(a)
(b)
The trees to be retained.

All trees to be left undisturbed and cordoned off.
All trees to be retained are to be protected by paraweb fencing, firmly staked

four (4) metres from the trunk of the tree. This fencing is to be erected prior to
the commencement of any site works and is to be maintained in position for
the duration of the works. The area within the drip line of the tree should not
be used for the stockpiling of new or demolition material, nor for vehicular or
pedestrian convenience or uses that would compact the soil in this area.
1.11
Street Trees
Where the Applicant proposes to plant street trees in lieu of the Section 94
Tree Contribution, or proposes to landscape roundabouts and medians, works
must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in Council's
"Tree Planting Study". The Applicant must obtain written agreement from
Council prior to proceeding with these works.
1.12
Erosion and Sediment Control

All developments, where the site is disturbed, shall provide Erosion and
Sedimentation Control in accordance with the requirements of the NSW
Department of Environment and Conservation, and Council.
Design plans shall be in accordance with the NSW Department of
Environment and Conservation Guidelines, Landcom's "Managing Urban
Stormwater - Soil and Construction - Volume 1" 4th Edition (2004), and
Section 5.14 of this Guide.
1.13
Road Safety Audit and OH&S Requirements

Consultants preparing Engineering Plans must carry out a road safety audit of
the site, drawings and associated documents to ensure that all the requirements
as set out in Austroad's "Road Safety Audit" Manual, Second Edition 2002,
have been satisfied.
1-8
It is the responsibility of the Consultant/Designer to ensure that they have

addressed all relevant Occupational Health & Safety concerns, including but
not limited to Traffic Management Plans for works on Public Roads, and
Confined Spaces Act requirements for SQIDs and OSD storages.
1.14
Bonds
1.14.1 General
Council's Development procedures provide for the lodgement of bonds
where it is impractical to complete certain aspects of the infrastructure
work or where it is necessary to defer construction until building
activities have been substantially completed. All bonds must be in
accordance with Council's Standard format (see Appendix "E").
Bond amounts will be provided upon request.
Upon written request from the Applicant and satisfactory completion
of the Maintenance Period, or the works (whichever is the case), the
Bond or any amount remaining will be released by Council.
1.14.2 Path Paving
Path paving construction in accordance with Council's Path Paving
Policy (see Appendix "C") shall be deferred for a period following
practical completion of the road works.
Two options are available to the Applicant:*
*
Bond the Works, by lodging an appropriate security with a

Deed of Agreement.
Monetary Payment, where Council will use the monies for
construction of paths at a later, appropriate time.
1.14.3 Maintenance
Prior to the issue of a Subdivision Certificate (for subdivisions) or at
practical completion of works (for other developments), a Bank
Guarantee or Cash Security, to the amount of 5% (with a minimum
amount of $5,000) of the value of the whole of the works to be
constructed, must be lodged with Council. This is to provide for the
satisfactory performance of works and the replacement of any failed or
unsatisfactory work and any repairs required, inclusive of the
maintenance of any traffic control facilities.
1-9
The bond will be held by the Council for a period of at least 12 months
from the date of issue of the Subdivision Certificate/release of the Plan
of Subdivision or the date of completion of the works, whichever is the
latter. During this time the Applicant is responsible for maintenance of
the works. Any failure on his behalf may lead to call-up of all or part
of the security to enable remedial works to be undertaken by Council.
1.15
Contributions/Monetary Payments
Contributions and/or monetary payments for certain outstanding items must be
lodged prior to the issue of the Subdivision Certificate, or upon practical
completion of width road works associated with developments as detailed in
the Consent.
1.15.1 A.C. Sealing
Subdividers are required to lodge a cash payment to cover the cost of the final
25mm layer of Asphaltic Concrete (A.C.) following installation of services by
the various authorities. Such payment is assessed by Council after submission
of Work-As-Executed plans and is based on Council's current construction
rates.
1.15.2 Street Trees
A cash contribution in accordance with Section 94 (EP&A Act) Contributions
Plan No.10 is required in respect of each new lot towards Council's provision
of street trees at a suitable time in the development of the area.
1.15.3 Path Paving
As detailed in Council's Path Paving Policy (Appendix C), a cash
contribution may be lodged as an alternative to the bonding of these
works.
1.16
Works-As-Executed (W.A.E.) Plans

Following the completion of engineering works of a subdivision or
development, a "Work-As-Executed" plan is required to be prepared by a
Registered Surveyor or "Persons Qualified" (See Section 1.7) and forwarded
to Council prior to the final inspection.
1 - 10
The WAE plans must show the matters listed below and as detailed in Section
2.25 - Engineering Drawings, of this Guide:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1.17
all works have been completed generally in accordance with the

approved plans and specification,
any departure from the approved plans,
any additional/deleted work,
the location of conduits, subsoil lines, stub mains and interallotment
drainage lines,
pipeline long sections showing the constructed invert levels of each
pipe at each pit and pipe dimensions,
details of overland flow provisions,
site regrading areas by new contours, and
all other details which have a bearing on the extent of works and their
acceptance by Council.
Certificates and Slope Junction Plans

Prior to issue of a Subdivision Certificate, Occupation Certificate or upon
completion of works, the following Certificates and Plans must be lodged:
1.17.1 Compaction Certificates
The final submission requires lodgement of the road pavement
compaction certificates for all stages of the road pavement
construction, lot filling and lot classification which have been prepared
by a N.A.T.A. laboratory.
A lot fill diagram, an example of which can be found in Appendix "G",
must be provided where lots have been filled. The diagram will apply
to all lots that have been filled in excess of 250mm. Two (2) copies
shall be provided.
1.17.2 Easement Certificates
The final submission requires lodgement of the Surveyor's Certificate
in the form shown in Appendix "H" of this Guide. This is to certify
that all pipes and drainage structures are located within the proposed
drainage easements.
1.17.3 Material Compliance Certificates
Material Compliance Certificates for all road pavement materials will
be required to be submitted prior to issue of the Subdivision Certificate
or upon completion of the works.
1 - 11
1.17.4 Engineer's Certificate

Where structural work has been undertaken on a project a certificate
from a Registered Engineer must be lodged certifying the adequacy of
the structure for the imposed loads.
For OSD systems, a Hydraulic Certificate from "Persons Qualified"
(See Section 1.7) shall be lodged with Council certifying that the
system will function hydraulically as per design requirements.
1.17.5
Slope Junction Plan (Interallotment Drainage)

A slope junction plan indicating location, depth and off-sets of all
slope junctions shall be prepared by the project engineer/surveyor and
submitted to Council. Two (2) copies shall be provided.
1.18
Written Consents
Where work has been carried out on adjoining properties, or a claim
made by an affected property owner, a written clearance that all
outstanding claims have been met, must be lodged with the final
document submission.
1.19
Street Lighting
1.19.1 General
Council requires all new lighting levels to be in accordance with
AS/NZ 1158 in its various parts and to comply with all the
requirements of Integral Energy's document "General terms and
Conditions for the Connection of Public Lighting Assets".
1.19.2 Arterial and Sub-Arterial Roads
The lighting of arterial and sub-arterial (Traffic Route Lighting) roads
must comply with AS/NZS 1158.Part1.1 Vehicular Traffic (Category
V) Lighting Performance and Installation Design Requirements
1997, using the appropriate lighting categories.
1.19.3 Residential Roads and Public Places
The Lighting of residential roads and public places must comply with
AS/NZS 1158 Residential Street Lighting Part 3.1: Pedestrian Area
(category P) Lighting Performance and Installation Design
Requirements 1999, using the appropriate lighting categories.
1 - 12
1.19.4 Approval of Proposed Schemes

The appropriate levels of street lighting for any proposed scheme will
be identified by Council's Manager Transport Management Services.
To facilitate this, plans of the proposed scheme showing the limits of
all proposed works, all traffic management facilities and devices,
pedestrian facilities and all other relevant information must be
submitted to Council's Manager Transport Management Services who
will assess the proposal to ensure compliance with Council's Street
Lighting Policy and the relevant part of AS/NZ 1158.
The appropriate street lighting categories within each proposal will be
forwarded to the applicant by way of a Design Brief Checklist to
enable a street lighting design for the proposed works to be prepared
for Council's approval and acceptance.
To further assist the designer, designs should also be prepared in
accordance with Section 6 - Public Lighting Assets of Integral
Energy's document "SPJ 4004 Network Connections - Contestable
Works - General Terms and Conditions" which is available via Integral
Energy's internet site at www.integral.com.au.
All street lighting schemes must be prepared by an accredited Level 3
service provider and submitted to Council for its approval prior to a
Construction Approval being granted by Integral Energy. Upon
satisfactory completion of the works a 'Notification of Arrangement"
will be issued by Integral Energy.
1.19.5 Subdivision Schemes
(i)
For residential roads in areas having underground reticulation

of electricity, the basic lighting category should normally be
P4. The type of street lighting to be used to achieve the P4
Category is 2 x 14 Watt T5 Street light to be mounted on
dedicated lighting columns at about 55m spacings.
(ii)
For sub-arterial or principal roads which connect arterial or

main roads to areas of development within a region, or which
carry traffic directly from one part of a region to another part,
the minimum lighting requirement should be either V5 or P3
and in accordance with the standard.
1 - 13
(iii)
In pathways the standard lamp used in pathways shall be an

80W HP Mercury lamp.
1.19.6 Traffic Management Devices

Lighting for traffic management devices shall be provided in
accordance with AS/NZS 1158 and as determined by Council's City
Assets Directorate
1.19.7 Central Median and Traffic Islands

Where street lighting is to be provided within the central medium
island or within other traffic islands located within the carriageway,
barrier kerb must be provided for the islands.
1 - 14
2.
2.1
Scope
This section of the Engineering Guide sets out Council's general requirements
for the preparation of Engineering Drawings.
2.2
Aim
To provide comprehensive details to facilitate the assessment of plans and
construction of works in a safe, efficient and effective manner.
Also to ensure that Engineering Drawings provide sufficient information in a
consistent format to allow Council to maintain a permanent record of
subdivision and development works.
2.3
General Requirements
All engineering drawings are to ensure that all relevant conditions of consent
have been addressed by the details shown. Drawings are to be submitted on
standard size drawing sheets, stapled and bound.
Three (3) full sets of the Engineering Drawings are to be submitted. One set,
endorsed with Council's approval, will be returned to the Consultant.
2.4
Road and Drainage Drawings

Plans for Road and Drainage works shall be presented to Council generally in
the following format:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Title Sheet,
Detail Plan(s),
Road Longitudinal Section(s),
Road Cross Sections,
Typical Road Cross Section(s),
Kerb Return Details,
Traffic Calming Devices, Pathways and Other Miscellaneous Road
Details,
Permanent Traffic Warning and Regulatory Details (i.e. Linemarking,
Stop/Give Way Signs, Curve Signs etc.)
Drainage Catchment Plan,
Drainage Calculations,
Drainage Longitudinal Section(s),
Other Drainage Details,
Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, and
2-1
*
2.5
Traffic Control Measures.
On-site Stormwater Detention Drawings

Engineering Drawings showing on-site stormwater detention details for
developments shall generally include the following:
*
*
*
*
*
2.6
Catchment Plan showing contours, area of site affected and area of site
not collected,
Drainage design summary in format of that shown in the Upper
Parramatta River Catchment Trust's On-site Stormwater Detention
Handbook,
Calculations to confirm volumes, pipe sizes, size of overland flowpaths
and overflow weirs,
Detail Plan and sections (see Section 2.18),
Design Levels for top water/overflow; inverts of all drainage pits,
pipelines and storage areas; overflow weir; centreline of orifice;
surface of all drainage pits; and surfaces designed to detail and direct
stormwater, and
Dimensions of storage areas, drainage pits, overflow weirs, maximum
head, high early discharge head and depth of storage.
Title Blocks
All Engineering Drawings submitted to Council for approval are to have a title
block showing the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.7
Applicant's Name,
Consultant's Name, Address, Phone No. and Contact Name,
Drawing Number, Sheet Number and Amendment Number,
Schedule showing Date and Nature of Amendments,
Site Address, including Lot and Deposited Plan (DP) Number,
Council's File Reference,
Stage Number,
Drawing Title,
Scale with Scale Bar, and
Signature of Authorised Person (See Section 1.7 of this Guide).
Title Sheet/Layout Plan

The location of the Development shall be identified by Lot, DP, street name
and suburb and by clearly marking the site on a Locality Plan.
A layout plan shall be provided showing the layout of roads, road numbers,
allotment layout (with lot numbers as per the approved plan of subdivision)
2-2
and Bench Marks (to A.H.D.). The original nature and value of the datum
used to establish the bench marks is to be indicated, eg Permanent Mark or
State Survey Mark and number. Where the plan shows layouts for part or
future stages, a bold and clearly defined stage border is to be shown. For
small developments, where all of these details can be shown on the detail plan,
the layout plan may be omitted.
The title sheet should also include construction notes and an index of the
sheets provided in the set of drawings.
Council's File number shall be shown in letters 25mm high in the top right
corner of the sheet, eg, CC-04-1000.
2.8
Detail Plan
Detail plans should include the following:
*
Scale 1:500 or 1:200 for small sites (with Scale Bar),
North point,
Lot details including boundaries, numbers, easements and any road

widenings,
Existing contours (at least two across each lot) extending beyond the
boundary of the site for a distance sufficient to show any constraints,
with a minimum distance of 10 metres,
Existing natural features including: native vegetation, trees, ditches,

dams, mounds, creeks, etc. These details are not to be limited to the
proposed subdivision but shall include any features which have an
impact on the development,
Existing constructed features including: fences, kerb and gutter, pipes,

pits, road pavements, buildings, road furniture, adjacent subdivisions,
etc. These details are not to be limited to the site and are to include
any feature which has an impact on the Development,
Existing services: sewer, water, telephone, gas mains, electricity, etc.,

including all associated pits, poles and other structures, must be shown
on plan and plotted on Longitudinal Sections,
Road centrelines showing chainages, bearings and intersection points,
Extent of proposed works (using shading to aid in clarity) including:
2-3
road names,
carriageway and footway widths,
chainages,
tangent points,
kerb type,
path paving, cycleways, pram ramps,
berms,
batters,
cut and fill areas clearly indicated by shading, clearly
identifying depths,
location of laybacks (one to each frontage of corner lots 1m
from prolongation of common property boundaries) for roads
with Standard barrier kerb,
street signs to Council plan A(BS)113M,
kerb return numbers,
dimensions,
pit numbers (1), (2), etc,
pit chainages,
pipelines identification numbers,
pipe sizes,
pipe type and class,
drainage lead-in and tail-out works,
flood extents for 100 year ARI,
floodway warning signs to Council plan A(BS)114S,
curve information including tangent point chainages, radii, arc
and chord lengths, super elevation (if applicable),
Termination of works shall be matched in smoothly with existing

works and/or be suitably treated with: guide posts, line marking, scour
protection, etc. Limit of works shall be clearly identified,
Vehicular Footway crossings (Council Plan A(BS)102S) shall be

provided where the distance from the kerb to the property boundary is
5.5m or more, or as otherwise detailed in the Development Consent,
Reciprocal rights-of-way shall be provided with a concrete access strip

in accordance with Council plan A(BS)110S,
Longitudinal sections, cross-sections at every 15 metres and detailed

typical cross-sections are required for each road including temporary
roads,
Plans shall show road names NOT road numbers. Road names should
be selected in conjunction with Council's Land Information Officer. If
2-4
2.9
road names are not approved initially, road names must be shown on
Work-As-Executed drawings, and
Pit schedule in tabular form to be shown on the plan sheet indicating
pit numbers, type of pit, invert levels, surface levels chainages,
Road Long Section(s)

Road long section(s) shall be "boxed" and include the following details:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.10
Road name,
Design level and chainage at least every 15 metres,
Existing level and chainage at least every 15 metres,
Grade (%) between each vertical curve,
Length of each vertical curve,
Chainage of each intersection point,
Level of each I.P.,
Tangent chainages,
Centreline intersection chainages,
Chainage and level of each crest and sag,
Chainage and levels at grade intersection points and vertical curve
tangent points,
Extended levels and grading to depict future works and/or match to
existing roads, (minimum extension 30m)
Minimum longitudinal gradings of roads shall preferably be 1.0%.
Grades less than 1.0% will only be considered where it is demonstrated
that no other options are viable, see table 3.6, and
Existing services shall be shown along with size and level on all
longitudinal sections where they affect proposed works.
Road Cross Section(s)

A cross section for each centreline chainage (typically 15.0 metre intervals),
with additional cross sections as required shall be "boxed" and include the
following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Road name,
Centreline Chainage,
Existing surface levels, extending beyond any proposed batters,
Design surface levels,
Offset distances to centreline,
Cross-falls, batter slopes and dimensions, where these differ to that
shown on the typical section,
Batters shall have a maximum slope of 1:5 (V:H),
width road works still require full width design cross sections, and
2-5
2.11
Existing services shall be shown along with size and level on all cross
sections where they affect proposed works.
Typical Road Cross Section(s)

A typical cross section shall be provided for each road as additional detail on
at least one cross section on each sheet of road cross sections OR alternatively,
may be provided separately as a set of typical cross sections. Where typical
cross sections are provided separately to the road cross sections, general
details shall comply with Section 2.10. The additional detail for a typical road
cross section should include the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.12
Road reserve width (existing and proposed),

Road width between face of kerbs, or where no kerb is constructed
pavement and shoulder widths,
Location and width of any proposed concrete footpaving or cycle
paths,
Kerb and gutter type,
Grades/Slopes of pavements, footpaths and batters, with offsets to
changes of grade,
3% crossfall on carriageway,
4% crossfall on footway with 0.5m berms inside lots,
Concrete path paving 1.2 metres wide 0.90 metres from property
boundaries where required in accordance with Council's Path Paving
Policy, and to have a crossfall of 2.5%, and
Pavement thicknesses, designed in accordance with Council's
specification by a N.A.T.A. registered geotechnical consultant.
Kerb Return Cul-de-Sac and Splay Corner Details

Plans showing kerb returns at intersections, junctions and turning heads should
include the following:
*
General design of returns shall be by dividing return into quarters

between tangent points and using two vertical curves to achieve
smooth profile,
Each quarter and tangent point shall be consecutively lettered on plan

and longitudinal section,
Longitudinal section shall show:

-
design top of kerb,
2-6
Splay corner and kerb return radii shall be:

-
kerb chainage,
road chainage,
high and low points,
Residential roads - 5m x 5m splay corners with 8.5m kerb

return radii,
Industrial roads - 8m x 8m splay corners with 12m kerb return
radii,
splays are not to be used for installation of services or
landscape works that may impeded sight distances.
Cul-de-sac kerb radii shall be:

-
Residential - 8.5m (12.0m at property boundary),

Industrial - 13.5m (17.0m at property boundary),
All intersection and cul-de-sac detail plans shall be contoured, and
A minimum kerb frontage of 3.5m must be provided for each lot. This
width is measured between radial lines from the kerb return centre
point to the allotment front corners.
Cul-de-sac head details shall be provided generally in accordance with the

abovementioned requirements.
2.13
Traffic Calming Devices, Median Islands and Other Miscellaneous Road

Details
Plans showing traffic calming devices should show design levels, design
contours, signposting and line marking.
Median islands and other
miscellaneous road details should be shown clearly on typical sections.
2.14
Pathways
*
Pathways are generally required to provide for safe, convenient,

pedestrian access and cater for overland flows of discharges from the
100 year ARI event between streets, or from streets to recreational
and/or community facilities.
Pathways shall be a minimum of 4m wide, or as otherwise directed,

with full width concrete paving, cross-fall generally of 2.5% and kerbs
shall be provided where required,
2-7
2.15
If pathways are designed as overland flowpaths they shall have a

minimum width of :
(i)
up to 2ha catchment area, 4m width
(ii)
up to 6ha catchment area, 6m widhth
(iii) over 6ha catchment area, 10m width
Longitudinal sections shall be provided,
Pathways are to be straight,
Their grading shall not be steeper than 1 in 12 (8.3%).
Vehicular barriers in accordance with Council plan A(BS)105S and

A(BS)137S shall be provided for each pathway, and
The footway area between the road kerb and gutter, and the pathway,
may be shaped with a reverse cross-fall (ie, graded from kerb down to
pathway) to direct overflows from the road into the pathway.
Drainage Catchment Plan

A plan showing all internal and external catchments affecting the development
and their breakdown into sub-catchments should include the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.16
Road Names,
Existing and proposed property and road boundaries,
All catchments/sub-catchments labelled according to the drainage
calculation sheet,
Catchment/Sub-catchment boundaries indicated by a bold line,
Proposed/Existing contours at a suitable interval,
Direction of waterflow along the flow paths of the longest times of
concentration,
Any features that may affect catchment boundaries,
Drainage lines and pit numbers,
Areas of all catchments/sub-catchments, and
Proposed roads, pathways, pits and pipes.
Drainage Calculations
A drainage report shall be presented generally in the form shown in
"Australian Rainfall and Runoff" (1998) and shall be included on the A1
sheets as part of the set of engineering plans and before the Longitudinal
Sections. It will also provide any information required by Section 4 Drainage Design and Appendix "D" of this Guide.
2-8
2.17
Drainage Longitudinal Section(s)

2.17.1 A longitudinal section of each drainage pipeline is to be shown
including the following information on each:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
pipe flows and capacities,

pit numbers,
drainage line numbers,
pipe chainage,
road chainage,
existing and finished surface levels,
design invert levels,
hydraulic level,
datum R.L.,
pipe size, type and class,
pipe grade (%), (minimum grade 1.0%),
hydraulic grade line plot,
water surface levels in receiving waters for design ARI,
tail-out,
lead in,
pipeline junctions, and
details of utility services to be shown along with the level
where they cross pipelines.
2.17.2 Longitudinal sections shall be designed for interallotment drainage

lines. Where more than 5 lots shall be served, a hydraulic analysis is
required to ensure lots are not affected by surcharge.
2.18
Other Drainage Details

2.18.1 Designs shall satisfy the requirements of Section 4 - Drainage Designs,
and Appendix "D" of this Guide.
2.18.2 Details of the following are to be provided on a drainage detail plan
where not shown on the road works detail plan:
*
*
*
*
*
*
Details of pipe junction,

Full details, including reinforcing, of non-standard structures,
Invert levels, surface levels and locations of all drainage
structures,
Pipe details,
Length of lintels (by clear opening size), and
Extent of lead-in and tail-out works.
2-9
2.18.3 Each industrial lot shall be provided with a pit draining to the drainage
system via interallotment drainage lines. The minimum pipe size shall
be 375mm diameter. Drainage lines should be located in the setback
area where possible or rear of site, as may be required. An easement in
accordance with Section 2.19 of this guide shall also be provided.
2.18.4 The schedule of drainage structures shall show:
*
*
*
pit number,
description of structure, and
road chainage of structure.
2.18.5 Sag pits shall have a minimum internal lintel opening commensurate
with the inflow requirement.
2.18.6 Rubber ring jointed pipes shall be used for construction of pipelines:
(a)
for pipelines up to and including 1800mm diameter.
2.18.7 Where open drains are designed additional details shall be provided
including the following:
*
*
*
Cross sections (usually 15.0 metre intervals), and

Details of drop structures, energy dissipators, etc. (plan and
sectional views).
All natural creeks are to be retained and any works must
comply with the requirements of DIPNR in addition to the
requirements set out in Section 4 and Appendixes B and D of
this guide.
2.18.8 Where detention basins are required, full construction details shall be
provided including the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Plan view,
Sectional views,
Details of basin wall construction,
Details of outlet structures, including energy dissipators,
Extent of storage,
Maximum storage level, and
Extent and nature of landscaping.
2 - 10
2.19
Easement Widths
2.19.1
Where easements are required the following minimum widths apply:
2.19.1.1
Residential Interallotment Drainage:

-
2.19.1.2
Pipes up to 300mm - 1.0m

Pipes 375mm - 1.5 to 2.0m
Industrial/Commercial Interallotment drainage, and Council Drainage

Pipes. These pipes shall generally be located in pathway systems.
-
Pipes 375mm to 750mm - 2.5m

2.19.2
Easement width for other pipe sizes and multiple pipes will be
determined by Council.
2.19.3
ALL drainage structures MUST be contained within the relevant

easement. Easements may be widened to ensure this occurs.
2.20
Overland Flow Paths

2.20.1 Subdivisions
Any overland stormwater flow from the 100 year ARI event must be
discharged via a road or pathway system. Easements will not be
acceptable except under exceptional circumstances, or where upstream
catchment area is < 2. ha.
2.20.2 Site Developments
For site developments, eg, medium density development, an overland
flowpath shall be provided through the site to cater for the 100 yr ARI
event flows from the upstream catchment. These flows must be safely
conveyed through the site to Council's road and/or drainage system.
2.20.3 Restrictions/Positive Covenants
Restrictions and positive covenants shall be provided over all
constructed overland flowpaths. The wording shall be in accordance
with Appendix F "Standard Recital for Terms of Easements,
Covenants and Restrictions" of this Guide.
2 - 11
2.21
Retaining Walls
Retaining walls adjacent to roads, pathways and public reserves shall be
constructed in reinforced concrete or masonry with an attractive finish. They
shall not be constructed from any timber products.
The Applicant must provide full engineering details of the proposed structure,
including elevation, typical cross-section and structural certification.
The design of the retaining wall must be prepared by a Registered Engineer.
A certificate of structural adequacy from a Registered Engineer for the
finished product shall also be submitted to Council on completion of the
works.
2.22
Erosion and Sediment Control Measures

A plan prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.14 shall be
provided showing relevant site characteristics and design criteria of erosion
and sediment controls and should include but not be limited to the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.23
Existing and design contours,

Existing site drainage and vegetation,
Limit of clearing, grading and filling,
Grades/Slopes of site,
Critical natural areas (natural watercourses, swamps, cliffs, etc),
Location of topsoil stockpiles, roads and all impervious surfaces,
Distance to nearest natural watercourse or drainage line,
Catchment area boundaries,
Sediment basin calculations,
Erosion and sediment controls, including diversions,
Construction/Revegetation notes, and
Outline of program for maintenance of erosion and sediment controls.
Traffic Management Measures

2.23.1 Traffic Control
A plan prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.13
shall be provided showing traffic control measures for each stage of a
proposed development and should include but not be limited to the
following:
*
*
Diversion of pedestrian traffic,

Delineation of temporary traffic paths,
2 - 12
*
*
*
Position of warning devices,

After hours traffic arrangements, including emergency contact
names and telephone numbers and
Instructions for the installation, operation, between stage
rearrangements, and removal of traffic control devices, safety
barriers, temporary pavement markets, etc.
2.23.2 Traffic Regulation (Permanent)

A plan shall be prepared and submitted to Council for approval
showing all permanent traffic regulatory and warning devices
including but not limited to linemarking (edge lines, centre lines, and
holding lines), painted lane arrows, school zone signs and pavement
markings, curve warning signs, keep left signs, parking restrictions,
speed limit signs, bus zones, and any other warning signs as required
by the development consent or relevant Australian Standard.
2.24
Adjoining Owners Permission

Where ancillary works are necessary on adjoining private properties the
applicant must submit the written consent of the owner to such work, either on
the plans or by letter, prior to approval of engineering plans.
2.25
Works-As-Executed Plans for Engineering Works

2.25.1 General
(a)
In order to have a permanent record of construction which

incorporates amendments, completed site regarding, etc.
Works-As-Executed Plans shall be lodged for Council's
records, with W.A.E. figures (where there is a variation from
the design) shown boxed, in red colour, on plan and
longitudinal sections.
(b)
Works-As-Executed Plans must be submitted to Council prior

to final inspection by the Development Supervisor.
(c)
Subdivision Certificate (Plan of Subdivision) will not be

processed until the Works-As-Executed Plans have been
received and verified.
(d)
The Works-As-Executed Plans must be certified by a

Registered Surveyor or Engineer responsible for the
preparation of the Works-As-Executed Plan.
2 - 13
(e)
The Surveyor responsible for the Plan of Subdivision, or where

easements
are
registered,
covering
the
subdivision/development, shall supply a signed certificate
stating that all pipes and associated structures are located
wholly within the respective easements (see Appendix "H" for
example of Easement Certificate).
(f)
The following certificate shall be appended to each sheet of the

plans and signed by the Registered Surveyor or Engineer:
"I hereby certify that engineering works shown on this plan
have been constructed generally in accordance with
Construction Certificate issued by . OR the plans and
specification approved by Blacktown City Council."
Name ..
Signature
Capacity .
Date .
2.25.2 Information To Be Shown

2.25.2.1
Kerb & Gutter

(i)
Footway widths, gutter invert/nominal kerb line to

property boundary.
(ii)
All T.P.s.
(iii)
Centre of curves.
(iv)
Beginning and end of construction.
(v)
Intermediate points on long straights no more that

100m intervals, where variation exceeds 10% from
the approved width.
2 - 14
2.25.2.2
2.25.2.3
Gutter invert levels

(i)
All T.P.'s.
(ii)
Crest Points.
(iii)
Sag Points.
(iv)
End of straight grades.
(v)
As required on flat grades.
(vi)
Location of all Vehicular Crossings to be shown.
Stormwater Drainage
(i) Invert levels of all pipelines at entrance and exit of all
pits and headwalls.
(ii) Pipe sizes at entrance and exit of all pits.
(iii)Two connections from lot corner peg shall be given to
locate slope junction of all interallotment drainage lines.
(iv) The depth from finished surface level to invert of slope
junction of all interallotment drainage lines.
(v) The information required in Sections 2.25.2.3(iii) and
(iv) shall also be shown on the Slope Junction Plan
required by Section 1.17.5 of this Guide.
(vi) The location of all pipes within lot boundaries shown by
dimensions to nearest boundaries.
(vii)The location of all pits and pipes within street
alignments where the location varies by more than 0.5m
from the approved design.
2.25.2.4
Site Regrading
Where any lot is the subject of site regrading, the following
is required:
2 - 15
(i) Finished surface levels recorded by spot levels of the

regrading area.
(ii) For minor regrading (i.e. cut or fill < 0.5m deep) Spot
levels observed and recorded on plans at:
Allotment corners,
Centre of front and rear boundaries, and
12 metres from front alignment on side

boundaries and centre of lot.
(iii)Major site regrading (i.e. cut or fill over 0.5m in depth)

recorded by new contours.
(iv) A Fill Plan, as per requirements of Section 2.26 of this
Guide.
2.25.2.5
Design Variations
Where design details have been varied prior to or during
constructions, Works as Executed plans shall show the
details of such variations or amendments.
2.25.2.6
Flood Prone Areas

Spot levels are required on all lots as per Section
2.25.2.4(ii).
2 - 16
2.26
Fill Plans
A plan showing filling, where any part of a subdivision has had the surface
level raised by the placement of any fill, other than nominal topsoiling, is to be
provided showing a minimum of that area of the subdivision that has been
filled plus a reasonable surrounding area to enable the filled section to be
located and should include the following:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.27
Road numbers and road names,

Road reserve boundaries,
Allotment layout, including easements and lots numbered in
accordance with the final plan of subdivision,
Extent of fill (using maximum intervals of 0.5m),
Fill area hatched, and hatching shown in a legend as filled area,
Stripped and finished levels,
Contours, and
Certification of the plan by a Registered Surveyor or Engineer.
Sheet Sizes
Sheet sizes should not be mixed within the same drawing set and shall be
limited to the following:
*
*
+
A1 - 841mm x 594mm - Earthworks, Road and Drainage Works, OSD

Works, Erosion and Sediment Control, and Traffic Control Details, etc,
and
A2 - 594mm x 420mm - Minor Engineering Details.+
Minor Engineering Works may consist of connection to a street gully
pit or existing interallotment pit and interallotment drainage for a 2 lot
subdivision.
2 - 17
2.28
Scales
The following scales shall be used for the following plans and sections, unless
varied by the Co-ordinator:
*
*
*
Engineering Detail Plan

Road Longitudinal Section
Road Cross Section
*
*
*
Intersection Details
Layout Plan
Catchment Plan
*
*
*
Locality Plan
Kerb Return Plan
Kerb Return Longitudinal
Section
Details
*
2.29
1:1000, 1:500 or 1:200,

1:100 (vertical) to 1:500 (horizontal),
1:100 Natural or 1:100 (vertical) to
1:200 (horizontal),
1:250, 1:200 or 1:100,
1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000,
1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000 (for
external catchment),
1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:4000,
1:200,
1:100 (vertical) to 1:200
(horizontal), and
1:10, 1:20, 1:50 or 1:100 as required.
Dimensions
Linear dimensions on all engineering plans shall be in metres, with the
exception of detail plans which may be in millimetres. Methods of
dimensioning will be in accordance with the current Australian Standard.
Chainage shall be expressed to the nearest 0.01m, levels shall be reduced to
Australian Height Datum (AHD) and expressed to the nearest 0.005m (except
Bench Marks, PM's and SSM's which will be expressed to the nearest
0.001m).
2 - 18
3.
ROAD DESIGN
3.1
Scope
This section of the manual sets out Council's requirements for the design of
urban and rural roads. It is in no way a comprehensive design manual and it is
intended to be read in conjunction with and as a supplement to:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3.2
AUSTROADS (2009) - Guide to Traffic Management

AUSTROADS (2009) Guide to Road Design- suite of design
manuals- as amended
AUSTROADS (2012) Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2
Pavement structural Design
ARRB, Transport Research (1995) Sealed Local Roads Manual Guidelines to Good Practice for the Construction, Maintenance and
Rehabilitation of Pavements,
AMCORD - A National Resource Document for Residential
Development,
Department of Housing Road Manual,
and
Council's relevant Development Control Plans.
Aim
The design and construction of a road system that provides the following:
*
*
*
*
3.3
a high level of safety for all users,

acceptable levels of amenity and protection from the impact of traffic,
a reasonable level of convenience for all users, and
economy of construction and maintenance.
Planning Standards
The road hierarchy has been developed to cater for various functions that need
to be performed by roads within Council's road network. The road hierarchy
and relevant road widths are listed in table 3.1 of this Guide and are also
embodied in Council's Blacktown Development Control Plan 2006 (Part A).
New road layouts and widths must conform to that shown in Table 3.1 and any
other relevant Development Control Plans. The precise location of any
proposed roads are subject to the detailed site assessment carried out during
the subdivision application process. In areas not covered by a Development
Control Plan the layout and width will be determined by Council on their
merits.
Kerb return and cul-de-sac details are contained within Section 2-12 of this guide.
3-1
Table 3.1: Road Hierarchy and Widths

Road Type
Carriageway
(in metres)
SUB-ARTERIAL
within Zone No. 5(c)
12.5 separated by 4m
median
Total Road Reserve

(in metres)
Number of Lanes
4.25
Generally 25
4 travel lanes and no

parking
15.5
3.75
23
2 travel lanes and 2

parking lanes
13.5
3.5
20.5

parking lanes
Collector (1)
loop roads serving activity
centres such as large open
space areas, shops, etc.
11
3.5
18

parking lanes
Local Street
minor loop roads and cul-desac serving more than 30
dwellings including corner
lots
3.5
16

parking lanes
Cul-de-sac
serving a maximum of 30
dwellings/dwelling units (not
lots), no residues, super lots,
or medium density sites at
the end of culs-de-sac.
7.5
3.5
14.5
5.5 only for short

lengths (maximum of
8 dwellings or 80m)
to link culs-de-sac
3.5 on residential side

1.0 other opposite side
10
INDUSTRIAL
Collector
within new industrial areas
Footway each side

(in metres)
Other Industrial
RESIDENTIAL
2 travel lanes parking

permitted
Access Streets
Development
one side only
1 travel and with

permitted parking
3.5
As above
Development
both sides
12.5
As above
7.5
single travel
8.0
As above
11
2 travel lanes
Private/Community Title
Roads
Up to 5 dwellings
Up to 15 dwellings
Temporary Road
4.5
5.0
Pathways
1.5 minimum *
1.5 minimum *
3.0 & 1.0
4.0 - 10.0 m depending on function.

(access/drainage/servicing)
Pedestrians &/or
cycles only
The 1.5m buffer strips are to provide for services and landscaping. Fencing
will not be permitted inside the buffer strips.
3-2
3.4
Half Width Roads

Council does not encourage the construction of half width roads, however in
certain circumstances this may be permitted. A minimum 4.5m width
pavement must be fully constructed.
Where half widths roads are approved, the applicant is required to provide
sufficient details regarding the extent of works to ensure operational
effectiveness and safety. This will involve a full design together with
sufficient details to ensure adequate transitions to the standard road pavements
inclusive of full width cross sections.
3.5
Construction Specification
Council's Works Specification - Civil complements this Guide and shall be
referred to for all construction details.
3.6
Pavement Design
A formal pavement design shall be prepared by a registered N.A.T.A.
laboratory based on sampling and testing of the subgrade materials from the
site. Details of the pavement design, results of subgrade testing (including 4
day soaked CBR's) are to be submitted to Council for approval prior to
commencement of pavement construction. The design shall be based on
Traffic Loading Criteria specified in the Consent for the proposed works,
which is based on the Design Traffic Loadings shown in Table 3.2.
The structural design of the pavement must be in accordance with the
following procedures and shall have a confidence factor of 95%:(i)
For N values equal to or less than 5x105 ESA

*
Pavements should be designed using the general principals of

Austroads (2012) Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2
Pavement Structural Design chapter 12
Asphaltic concrete pavements shall have two layers of AC10

totalling a minimum thickness of 50mm.
3-3
(ii)
(iii)
For N Values greater than 5x105 ESA

*
Pavements should be designed using the general principles of

Austroads (2012)Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2
Pavement Structural Design ,
It is anticipated that the pavement shall contain at least one

bound layer of either asphaltic concrete or portland cement
concrete, and
Asphaltic concrete pavements shall have two layers of AC10

totalling a minimum thickness of 50mm.
Alternate Designs
*
(iv)
Alternate designs may be submitted accompanied by

supporting evidence from a geotechnical engineer as to the
bearing capacity of the subgrade and the structural adequacy of
the proposed pavement.
Private
Community Title roads shall be constructed using rigid pavements.
The initial 5m of these roads shall be constructed using:
(v)
(a)
Contrasting coloured concrete with arrows and a dividing line

incorporated in a complimentary colour scheme, or
(b)
paving bricks laid on a reinforced concrete base with similar

contrasting signage as above to A(BS)112M.
Minimum Pavement Thickness

In all cases of flexible pavement design the minimum pavement
thickness allowed shall be 300mm, excluding the thickness of the final
wearing course.
(vi)
Use of Hawkesbury Sandstone in Industrial Roads

Sandstone shall not be used in pavements for Industrial Roads unless it
has been augmented by a process approved by Council.
3-4
Table 3.2: Road Design Parameters
Road Type
AADT
SUB-ARTERIAL
Based on Traffic Counts
INDUSTRIAL
* Collector &
Heavy Duty
* Light Duty
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
* Major Collector
* Minor Collector
* Local Street
* Cul-de-sac
* Access Street
* Private/
Community Title
Roads
N(ESA)
Kerb Type #
150mm kerb & gutter
1 x 107
150mm kerb & gutter
5 x 106
150mm kerb & gutter
2 x 106
150mm kerb & gutter
4,000 - 10,000
2,000 - 4,000
500 - 2,000
0 - 500
0 - 500
1 x 106
5 x 105
2 x 105
5 x 104
5 x 104
150mm kerb & gutter

150mm kerb & gutter
Roll top kerb & gutter
0 - 500
5 x 104
Mountable/Rigid Pavement
Note #: Kerb types to conform with Council's standard (refer Council Plan A(BS)101M)
3.7
Pavement Surfacing
All roads shall be surfaced with an initial course of 25mm thickness AC10.
The final wearing course of 25mm thickness of AC10 will be laid by Council
at a later date and paid for by the Applicant as a monetary payment. (This
does not apply to roundabouts.)
Roundabouts shall have an AC wearing course thickness of 75mm of SBS
Polymer Modified AC14. The full 75mm thickness shall be constructed by
the Applicant at one time.
3.8
Geometric Design - General Principles (including designing for salinity)

Principles which are to be adopted in the engineering design are:(a)
Carriageways are to provide a smooth , safe trafficable alignment and

surface.
(b)
Within the limitations of standard batter grades in cut or fill, suitable

vehicular access is made available to building allotments across the
street footway.
3-5
(c)
Ponding of surface water is to be alleviated by site filling if

practicable, the run-off being catered for in the street drainage system.
Fill areas or regrading areas are not to concentrate flows but are to
broaden surface flows having regard to levels. Alternative drainage
schemes shall be designed if ponding is unavoidable.
(d)
Over all areas of the site to be developed, the minimum finished

surface slope shall be generally 1.0% oriented in any direction.
(e)
Unless there are specific site requirements to excavate material for site
filling and improvement works, excavation shall be kept to an
optimum level commensurate with lot access and value.
(f)
The design consultant must thoroughly investigate the site to determine

if there are any salinity issues which need to be addressed. If problems
are found, the Consultant must address them in their design. Steps
taken may include, but are not limited to:
*
*
*
*
Minimising level of excavation/disturbance required for

roadworks,
Minimise infiltration by surface waters by providing adequate
sub-soil drainage,
Provide adequate drainage for upstream catchments, and
Use appropriate materials in construction of roadworks.
Designers must also follow guidelines set out in DIPNR's "Roads and
Salinity" (2003) Guide book and in WSROC's "Western Sydney
Salinity Code of Practice (2003)".
(g)
If Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features, eg, bio-retention

swales, are proposed, the road and pavement design must be modified
accordingly.
Note: Any proposed variations to standard road widths and formations
as set out in Table 3.1 must be submitted to and approved by Council
prior to issue of Development Consent.
3.9
Design Speed
Design speed is the speed applied to the design of a road's geometric elements
to create and maintain a speed environment for 85% of drivers.
Generally the following design speeds should be adopted:
Cul-de-sac, Access Streets
and Community Title Roads
30 km/h
Local Streets
50 km/h
Collector Streets
60 km/h
3-6
The maximum speed limit for built-up areas in NSW is 60 km/h and this speed
should be used for calculating design values which depend on speed.
Vehicular speeds are limited by road intersections as well as changes in
vertical and horizontal alignment. The adopted design speed may be reduced
with permission of the Co-ordinator.
3.10
Sight Distance
Refer to the Austroads (2009) Guide to Road Design various parts
The Absolute Minimum sight distance is that required for a driver to observe
an object on the road surface ahead, and to stop the vehicle before reaching the
object. This sight distance shall be available at every point on every road and
at intersections to provide sufficient distance for an approaching vehicle to
stop before an obstruction in the roadway at the intersection, using the
approved design speed. Table 3.3 gives the appropriate value of sight distance
for various vehicle speeds.
Table 3.3 - Absolute Minimum Sight Distance (AMCORD)
Target Speed (km/h)
15
30
40
50
60
Sight Distance (m)

5
20
30
40
55
The Desirable Minimum sight distance for two-way roads is that required for
the drivers of two opposing vehicles to see each other in sufficient time to stop
before collision. Table 3.4 gives the appropriate value of sight distance for
various vehicle speeds. This distance shall be provided at intersections to
provide sufficient distance for a vehicle stopped in the side road, at the
alignment of the through road, to start and turn safely onto the through road,
and wherever else possible.
Table 3.4 - Desirable Minimum Sight Distance
Target Speed (km/h)
15
30
40
50
60
Sight Distance (m)

10
40
60
80
110
3-7
Where sight distance available on a two-way rural road is less than the
Desirable Minimum, pavement markings restricting overtaking shall be
provided, together with appropriate widening of the shoulder if considered
necessary by Council's Engineer.
3.11
Horizontal Alignment
Drivers react to restrictive horizontal alignment by slowing to an appropriate
speed, hence the desired maximum Design Speed is maintained by
deliberately designing a restrictive horizontal alignment.
The horizontal alignment of a road is to be generally in accordance with
Council's relevant Development Control Plan.
The minimum horizontal deflection angle for which a curve is needed is 1.0
degree. Where possible the radii of the curve shall be maximised to reduce the
necessity for centreline shift and widening of the carriageway. The minimum
radii for various deflection angles shall be in accordance with Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 - Minimum Curve Radii
Deflection Angle (Degrees)
75
60
40
30
20
3.12
Minimum Radius (m)

20
33
65
75
100
Transitions and Widening on Curves

All curves of less than 180 metres radius shall be widened and provided with
plan transition at the junctions with the tangents. This applies particularly to
curves which tend to reduce the speed of traffic flow and those with crests
within their length.
3.13
Longitudinal Gradient
Longitudinal grades shall generally be in accordance with Table 3.6.
3-8
Table 3.6 - Minimum/Maximum Longitudinal Grades

Road Type
Arterial
Sub-arterial
Industrial
Residential
Rural
Desirable
Minimum
(%)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Absolute
Minimum
(%)
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Desirable
Maximum
(%)
5.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
Absolute
Maximum
(%)
7.0
8.0
10.0
16.0
16.0
At the intersections, the longitudinal grade of the side road, within 6.0 metres
of the through road, should not exceed 5.0%. The longitudinal grade at the
head of culs-de-sac should also not exceed 5.0%.
Where the topography makes it difficult to provide a road location to conform
to the required grades, the lengths over which these grades apply will then
become a consideration and any variations will be at the discretion of the Coordinator.
3.14
Vertical Curves
Vertical curves of the form of simple parabolas shall be provided at all
changes of grade exceeding the following:
*
*
Access, Local and Collector

Rural, Sub-arterial and Arterial
1.0%
0.6%
Where the change of grade is less than that shown above, the centreline
grading shall be "eased" over a symmetrically located distance of 10 metres.
This distance may be reduced to 5 metres for culs-de-sac, access streets and
community title roads.
Every effort should be made to provide vertical curves as long as possible for
improved appearance, however, surface drainage should be maintained in
proximity to sag points. The design of vertical curves shall be in accordance
with the Austroads (2009) Guide to Road Design and the following:
*
*
*
A minimum design speed of 60 km/h shall be adopted even if the

horizontal alignment is not satisfactory for that speed,
The minimum length of a sag vertical curve is that governed by sight
distance requirements,
The desirable minimum length of a sag vertical curve is that providing
minimum headlight sight distance and this length should be provided
wherever possible,
3-9
The absolute minimum length of a sag vertical curve is based on the

consideration of riding comfort and shall be such that the maximum
vertical acceleration is 0.1G, and
In addition to the minimum length requirements mentioned above,
from a consideration of appearance the minimum length of a vertical
curve in urban areas shall not be less than that shown in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7 - Minimum Vertical Curve Lengths
Road Type
General Minimum
Curve Length (m)
Culs-de-sac, Access and Local Streets

Collector Streets
Sub-arterial/Arterial
25
35
50
*
*
*
3.15
Minimum Curve
Length at Road
Junctions (m)
6
12
20
Length of vertical curves given in Table 3.7 are given for straight
alignments; longer curves may be necessary where roads also have
horizontal curvature,
The use of short sections of straight grade between vertical curves is
undesirable for appearance and should be avoided,
The tangent point of a vertical curve in the side road should be located
at, or behind, the kerb line of the through road, and
Vertical curves on kerb returns must be treated in such a manner as to
make construction practical.
Super-Elevation
Where super-elevation is considered necessary, the design shall be carried out
in accordance with the Austroads (2009) Guide to Road Design adopting a
maximum value of 4.0% in urban areas and 7.0% in rural areas.
3.16
Carriageway Crossfall
The normal crossfall of road pavement on a straight alignment shall be in
accordance with Table 3.8.
Table 3.8 - Normal Crossfall
Surface Type
Concrete
Asphaltic Concrete
Sprayed Seal
Road Crossfall (%)

2.0 - 3.0
3.0
3.0 - 4.0
3 - 10
There are many controls in urban areas which may force departures from the
above values. Should it be necessary to increase or decrease crossfalls the
variances should be within 1.0% of the above values.
3.17
Kerb and Gutter

Concrete kerb and gutter shall be provided on both sides of roads. Concrete
kerb and gutter shall be provided generally in accordance with Table 3.2 and
Council's Works Specification - Civil.
150mm integral kerb and gutter shall be provided adjacent to public open
space and for roundabout kerb returns.
For infill development, or where new kerb and gutter joins existing works, the
kerb and gutter type shall match the existing unless otherwise specified.
Pedestrian ramps shall be provided at all intersections in accordance with
Council's Plan A(BS)104M and with Council's Works Specification - Civil.
3.18
Footpath Crossfall
Footpath areas shall be sloped towards the road so that water does not drain
onto adjoining properties. A desirable grade of 4.0% shall be provided. This
may be reduced to a minimum grade of 2.0% to accommodate existing
vehicular crossing and other facilities. A maximum grade of 6% maybe
allowed with prior approval from Council. Where concrete path paving is to
be constructed it shall have a crossfall of 2.5% irrespective of the crossfall of
the adjoining area of the nature strip.
3.19
Berms
Berms shall extend 0.5 metres in cut or fill beyond the property boundary at
the same grade as the footpath.
3.20
Batters
Batters shall be designed at stable slopes at the edge of the berm in accordance
with Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 - Maximum Batter Slopes
Batter Type
Earth
Rock
Desirable Maximum
Slope (V:H)
1:5
1:0.5
3 - 11
Absolute Maximum
Slope (V:H)
1:4
1:0.25
The abovementioned slopes for rock batters refer only to cut batters in solid
rock with few clay bands.
Where the abovementioned slopes cannot be reasonably attained, variances
may be permitted subject to approval being obtained from the Co-ordinator.
The need for constructing retaining walls should be avoided wherever
possible. Should a retaining wall be necessary the Applicant must provide full
engineering details of the proposed structure, including elevation, typical
cross-section and structural certification by a Registered Engineer. Refer to
Section 2.21.
3.21
Intersections
The design of intersections or junctions shall be in accordance with
AUSTROADS - Guide to Traffic Management (2009), Austroads (2009)
Guide to Road Design , various parts and/or the requirements of Councils
Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals.
Intersections should generally be located so that streets intersect at right angles
and at not less than 70. Adequate stopping and sight distances should be
provided on each of the approach legs of an intersection and for any horizontal
or vertical curves.
Turning movements shall be accommodated by using AUSTROADS Design
Vehicles and Turning Templates as follows:
*
3.22
For turning movements involving collector streets, the "design semitrailer" with turning path radius 12.5 metres shall be used to enable
turns to be made in a single forward movement,
For turning movements involving local streets and collector streets, the
"design single unit" truck with turning path radius 12.0 metres shall be
used to enable turns to be made in a single forward movement, and
For turning movements on access streets and culs-de-sac, the "design
car" with turning path radius 7.5 metres shall be used.
Kerb Returns
The design of kerb returns is necessary for all road junctions to ensure a
smooth trafficable surface around the return and where necessary to locate low
points for drainage purposes.
The standard radius of a kerb return is 8.5m for residential roads and 12m for
industrial roads.
3 - 12
Any variation to the above radii shall be approved by Councils Co-ordinator

Engineering Approvals and should accommodate the intended vehicular
movement using AUSTROADS Design Vehicles and Turning Templates.
On bus routes the geometry of kerb returns may be varied to allow for the
turning circle of larger vehicles.
Kerb returns at intersections, junctions and turning heads shall detail kerb
levels (on the nominal kerb lines) at tangent points, quarter points and
wherever necessary to ensure accurate construction.
Crests and low points (in intersections, junctions and turning head kerb
returns) shall be defined by chord distances to the nearest tangent point.
Generally the profile shall be designed by adopting the grades of the approach
and exit kerbs to the return, by quartering the length of the return and by
computing kerb levels adopting two vertical curves as required.
As far as practicable low points within the kerb return shall be avoided to
eliminate the use of pits with curved lintels.
Kerb returns at intersections and junctions shall be shown on the drawing (in
plan only, at 1:200 scale).
Maximum and minimum longitudinal grade around each kerb return shall be
checked. Maximum crossfall from the centre of the road to the gutter shall
also be checked.
3.23
Cul-De-Sac Head Kerb Grading

The design kerb levels at the head of a cul-de-sac shall also be detailed in a
plan using a scale of 1:200.
The longitudinal profile of the kerb and gutter of the cul-de-sac head shall be
based on the adoption, as far as practicable of the standard 3% carriageway
crossfall at critical points in the arc length with easing of changes in grade by
designed vertical curves as required.
The minimum acceptable crossfall is 1.5% while the maximum allowable
crossfall is 8%.
It will be necessary to give special consideration to the design of kerb
longitudinal profiles for a cul-de-sac draining to the head. Drainage of the low
point in the head shall be provided via pipelines through easements or within
pathways. It is essential that provision be made for overland flow for events
which exceed pipeline capacity or to allow for blockages of the downstream
3 - 13
line. The locations of easements or pathways may not be flexible and

regrading may be necessary to ensure safe overland flow.
3.24
Roundabouts
The design of roundabouts shall be in accordance with AUSTROADS - Guide
to Traffic Engineering Practice, Part 6, Roundabouts and AUSTROADSGuide to Road Design Part 4B: Roundabouts shall be approved by the Council
and/or the Roads and Maritime Services.
3.25
Traffic Calming Devices

The design of traffic calming devices shall be in accordance with
AUSTROADS - Guide to Traffic Management, Part 8, Local Area Traffic
Management and shall be approved by Council.
3 - 14
4.
DRAINAGE DESIGN
4.1
Scope
This section of the Guide sets out Council's requirements for the design of
stormwater drainage for urban and rural areas. It is in no way a
comprehensive design manual and it is intended to be read in conjunction
with, and as a supplement to, the 1998 edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff 1998 (AR&R).
4.2
Aim
The design and construction of a drainage system that provides the following:
*
*
*
4.3
a high level of safety for all users,

acceptable levels of amenity and protection from the impact of
flooding, and
economy of construction and maintenance.
All drainage, whether internal or external to the site, relevant or reasonably
required in respect of the proposed development shall be provided to Council's
requirements at the Applicant's cost.
Detailed drainage investigation and designs shall be undertaken by an
experienced designer and submitted in accordance with Council's Drainage
Design Manual - Appendix "D" and general provisions of Australian Rainfall
and Runoff - 1998.
4.4
Trunk Drainage Designs

Trunk drainage designs have been prepared for most major drainage systems
within the City and are available, for reference, at Council's Civic Centre.
Applicants must ensure compatibility of their proposal with the Trunk
Drainage Designs.
4.5
Extent of Works
Engineering plans are required to define the extent of works, clearly
delineating all inlet and outlet works, both on adjoining private or public
lands. Applicants shall undertake detailed field checks of existing drainage
facilities to which a connection is proposed.
4-1
4.6
Adjoining Owners Consent/Creation of Drainage Easements

Where drainage involves the provision of drains across land owned by others,
evidence that the necessary easements have been created over the downstream
properties must be lodged with Council. This evidence and downstream
owner's consent to carry out the proposed works must be lodged with the
initial set of engineering plans. Details of the easement and proposed works
must be shown on the engineering plans and downstream owners consent to
carry out the proposed works. Easements must be registered prior to release of
the engineering plans.
4.7
Interallotment Drainage
Interallotment drainage shall be provided to every lot which does not drain
directly towards the road frontage or directly to Council's pipe drainage
system.
The desirable minimum pipe grade shall be 1.0% and pipes shall be designed
to accept concentrated drainage from OSD systems or the concentrated
drainage from buildings and paved areas (impervious areas).
Pipe sizes shall be based on a 20 year ARI design flow or 18 L/s per lot
(whichever is greater), subject to a minimum size of 150mm diameter.
Where the pipeline serves more than 5 lots, a hydraulic grade line analysis will
be required with the design submission to ensure lots are not affected by
surcharge.
Minimum cover for pipelines within allotments shall be 300mm, apart from
footway crossings to kerbs with galvanised steel Rectangular Hollow Sections
(RHS).
Interallotment drainage pits shall be located at changes of grade, pipe size or
direction and spaced no further than five (5) lots or 75m, whichever is the
shortest distance.
Slope junctions will be provided at the low point of each lot where no pit is
provided.
The design and construction of interallotment drainage shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Section 6.18 of Council's Works Specification Civil.
4.8
Subsoil Drainage
Subsoil drainage shall be provided along the cut side of all new roads where
no drainage is provided, along the centre line of half road construction works,
at low spots, where required by the pavement design report, and where
4-2
directed by Council's Engineer/Development Supervisor.

4.9
Flood Liable Land

Certain areas within the City are prone to flooding and these areas have been
mapped to give an indication of their liability to flooding.
Council generally does not allow any development, including filling, within
the floodway. Applicants, with land in these areas, should refer to Council's
Flood Policy for more specific details.
4.10
4.11
Pit Design
(i)
Non-standard drainage structures for pipes larger than 750mm

diameter shall be designed and certified by a Registered Structural
Engineer by way of an accompanying letter or by statement on the
engineering plans.
(ii)
Drainage pits shall be designed wherever possible such that the inlet
and outlet walls are perpendicular to the centreline of inlet and outlet
pipes.
(iii)
Wherever possible, drainage pits shall be designed so that the pipe

centrelines intersect on the downstream pit face.
(iv)
All drainage structures deeper than 1.5m shall be reinforced with

appropriate Fabric to Engineer's (structural) requirement and pits
deeper than 2.0m shall be structurally designed and certified.
(v)
Refer to Section 4.3 "Inlet Design" in Appendix "D" of this Guide for
minimum nominal internal lintel sizes.
(vi)
Drainage pits shall be designed and constructed in accordance with

Section 7.14 of Council's Works Specification - Civil.
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a relatively new approach to water
management in urban areas. The objective of WSUD is to maintain or
replicate the pre-development water cycle through the use of design
techniques to create a functionally equivalent hydrological landscape or, put
simply, it is about optimising grey water reuse, optimising the use of rainwater
that falls on the urban area while minimising the amount of water lost when it
is transported away from the catchment, and thus ultimately minimize the
demand for potable water.
WSUD may be applied to new or existing streets and developments, to public
or private property.
4-3
WSUD measures may involve vegetated swales, bio-retention systems and

rainwater tanks.
Any proposal to incorporate WSUD measures into a new development shall be
submitted to Council for consideration with the Development Application.
WSUD measures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
relevant Council policies.
Details of Council's requirements may be obtained from the Manager
Investigation and Design as well as Councils DCP Part R .
4-4
5.
MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS
5.1
Scope
This section of the engineering guidelines provides miscellaneous engineering
requirements not covered in the previous sections.
5.2
Aim
To provide the Applicant with an understanding of other Council engineering
requirements that may be required in the development of land.
5.3
Kerbs, Laybacks and Kerb Ramps

Kerb and gutter shall be constructed along all new roads and existing roads to
which the development has frontage and access.
Kerb type (i.e. 150mm barrier or roll type) is dependant on road classification,
and shall be in accordance with that shown in Table 3.2. Note Only barrier
kerb is permitted adjacent to public or drainage reserves.
Where an Access Street connects into the head of a cul-de-sac, the height of
the cul-de-sac kerb may be reduced by 50mm to facilitate vehicular movement
into the Access Street.
Laybacks in 150mm barrier kerb should generally be provided to the low side
of each allotment, 1m from the side boundary prolongation. Provision must
be made for disposal of stormwater from each high-side lot into the kerb. For
details see Standard Drawing A(BS)101M.
Kerb ramps shall be provided at all intersections, whether path paving will be
constructed to that intersection or not. The position and layout of the kerb
ramp shall conform to that shown on standard drawing A(BS)104M "Path
Paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details".
5.4
Path Paving
Council requires that the footways be cleared and graded to a crossfall of 4%
and provided with concrete path paving 1.2m wide and 75mm thick, except at
crossings and where adjacent to Roll Top Kerb, where the thickness shall be
increased to 125mm. The path paving shall be constructed in accordance with
Council's Path Paving Policy (See Appendix "C" of this Guide).
Council policy requires that path paving construction be delayed until building
operations have been substantially completed to minimise damage and
accordingly requires the paths to be bonded or alternatively a cash payment be
5-1
lodged with Council. A copy of the Bond Proforma is included at Appendix

"E" of this Guide.
5.5
Battle-axe Handles
Where battle-axe shaped allotments are approved, the access driveway shall be
constructed in 20Mpa concrete, in accordance with Standard Drawing
A(BS)110S, prior to the release of the subdivision certificate (unless otherwise
approved by the co-ordinator).
5.6
Lot Filling
Council requires all areas of the site, subject to filling, to be identified on the
engineering plans, submitted for approval.
All imported fill material to be used must be tested and certified to comply
with Council's Policy for "Site Contamination".
Compaction shall be in accordance with Section 5.9 of Councils Works
Specification Civil Placement and Compaction of Fill.
Each residential lot, whether filled or not, shall be classified in terms of
Australian Standard for Residential Slabs and Footings (AS 2870). The lot
classification shall be prepared by a N.A.T.A. registered geotechnical
consultant.
Filled land must be graded to ensure that no water is ponded. In cases where
allotment site filling adjoins an existing lot boundary, the maximum height of
fill and any retaining structure shall not exceed 900mm unless stated otherwise
in Council's "Fill Policy". Where approval is obtained to extend fill into
adjoining properties (written consent required), satisfactory arrangements must
be made for the grading of the fill onto the land without ponding.
Revegetation must be applied immediately on completion of the site fillingregrading works.
Council will require the imposition of a "Restriction on Use of Land" as part
of the 88B instrument, identifying filled lots within the subdivision. Refer to
Appendix F for standard wording.
The minimum lot grading shall be 1% and 100mm of topsoil must be placed
over all filled land.
The minimum height of filling is determined by flood levels and reference
should be made to Council for details. Unless stated otherwise in Council's
Development Control Plan, the minimum fill levels shall be:
residential land:-
500mm above 1 in100 yr A.R.I. Flood Level
5-2
Where it is considered, from the grade and lie of the subject land, or adjoining
lands, that roof and/or natural surface runoff will create significant future
inter-allotment drainage problems, provision shall be made for piping, kerbing
or land contouring to convey such water to the nearest practical drainage
system.
5.7
Conduits/Ducts
Council requires the applicant to ascertain the requirements of all servicing
authorities.
Conduits for services shall be provided across the road from the backs of kerb,
in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Service Authorities and
shall be shown on the engineering plans and marked on the face of kerb as
follows:
W
E
T
water conduit, painted blue

electricity conduit, painted red
Telstra conduit, painted yellow
The minimum conduit requirements are as detailed in Section 1.11 of

Council's Works Specification - Civil. All trenches containing conduits must
be drained to the satisfaction of the relevant service authorities.
5.8
Safety Notation
The applicant's attention is drawn to the responsibilities imposed under the
Occupational Health & Safety Act.
For submission of engineering plans the applicant is required to make a full
assessment of all safety aspects of the project and make appropriate notations
on the plans to ensure the safety of the public and construction workers at all
times.
5.9
Temporary Roads
Under exceptional circumstances, Council may permit the creation and
construction of temporary roads. Where approved, the temporary road must
have a minimum reserve width of 11m, a minimum pavement width of 7m
which is to be fully constructed in accordance with pavement designs prepared
by a Chartered Professional Engineer based on an assessment by a N.A.T.A.
laboratory in compliance with Council's design criteria.
Proposed temporary roads will require consideration of traffic management
details such as:
*
extent of works,
5-3
*
*
*
*
*
5.10
extent of works,
lighting,
street furniture,
line marking, and
arrangement for removal.
Street Furniture
Reflectorised aluminium street signs and approved conduit warning signs must
be provided at all street junctions. The position of these signs must be shown
on the engineering plans and where appropriate "No Through Roads" shall be
placed at the entrance to cul-de-sac roads as shown on A(BS)113M.
Under certain circumstances, the approval for traffic devices may need referral
to the Traffic Committee and Applicants should allow sufficient time for this
procedure.
5.11
Debris Disposal
Burning off by open fire is prohibited by the provisions of the Protection of
the Environment Operations Act 1997, as amended. Disposal of all debris
shall be to an appropriate registered facility in accordance with the Waste
Management Plan prepared for the site. Records of disposal dockets are to be
made available to Council upon request.
5.12
5.13
Insurance
(a)
Public Liability Insurance:

The Applicant must ensure that
Contractors, engaged on Development or Subdivisional Works, have
taken out Public Liability Insurance which must include the interests of
Council to at least the value of $20 million dollars. Details of
Insurance must be submitted to Council before work commences.
(b)
Workers Compensation: The Applicant must ensure that Contractors

engaged on Development or Subdivisional Works carry current
Workers Compensation Insurance on all works as required by Statute.
Traffic Control for Works in Public Roads

5.13.1 Description
A "Traffic Control Plan" must be prepared by a suitably qualified RMS
accredited work site traffic designer for all works that are carried out in
or adjacent to a public road. This Plan must satisfy all the
requirements of AS 1742.3 - 2002.
It is the sole responsibility of the Applicant to have in place and
maintain traffic facilities, i.e. barricades, signs, lights, etc, at all times,
5-4
accordance with the Plan.

These traffic facilities must be installed and maintained by
appropriately qualified RMS accredited work site traffic controllers.
All and any responsibility will rest with the Applicant who shall
absolve Council and its Employees from any suit of law which may
result from the failure of the Applicant to comply with the above
requirements.
If it comes to the attention of Council that Traffic Control Devices are
insufficient, inoperative or ineffective (particularly in an after-hours
situation), then Council may arrange to reinstate the Traffic Control
Devices and recoup the costs from the Applicant.
Any changes to the approved Traffic Control Plan must be approved
by Council before implementation.
Persons undertaking the control of Traffic through or around work sites
on Council controlled roads must display their RMS Traffic
Controllers accreditation as well as Councils authorisation permitting
them to undertake the duties of a traffic controller. Application must
be made to Councils Civil and Open section for the required Council
authorisation before commencing traffic control duties.
5.13.2 Road Occupancy Licence

The applicant shall ensure that a Traffic Control Plan is submitted to
Council for approval at least 10 working days before any works are
undertaken on any existing public assets owned, maintained or
controlled by Council. No works shall be commenced until such
Traffic Control Plan has been approved by a Council officer authorised
to approve such plans for implementation. In addition no work shall
commence on any Council assets until such time as the appropriate
occupancy permission has been obtained and the appropriate fees and
charges pertinent to such occupancy paid.
Where work on a Council road is within 100m of a set of traffic signals
the applicant must ensure that the Traffic Control Plan and if relevant,
a Traffic Management Plan, are submitted to, and approved by, the
RMS before work commences.
5.14
Soil and Water Management

5.14.1 General
5-5
Under the Protection of the Environment Operations Act (1997) it is an

offence to pollute any waters or to place any material in a position
where it is likely to pollute any waters. Under the terms of this Act,
disturbing land by earthworks and not providing adequate mitigation
controls may constitute an offence.
In addition to the legislative controls of this Act, disturbance of land by
earthworks and the subsequent erosion and transport of sediment by
the action of stormwater runoff, places large amounts of sediment into
drainage systems. This sediment must then be cleaned out, which
places financial burdens on Council and other developers. Therefore
Council requires specific soil and water management plans for each
development site. These plans will outline staging of works, sediment
and erosion control measures, rehabilitation strategies and other
processes/works to be implemented to address the above concerns.
5.14.2 Designs/Plans
Preparation of Soil and Water Management Plans shall be in
accordance with Council's Works Specification - Civil (Section 3), this
Guide and relevant requirements and recommendations of the NSW
Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). For works and
control measures not covered by Council's Guide or Works
Specification - Civil, the Applicant may follow the DECs "Managing
Urban Stormwater - Urban Design" guidelines, or Landcom's
"Managing Urban Stormwater - Soil Sand Construction - Volume 1"
4th Edition (2004).
5.14.3 Disturbance of Sites
Sites must only be disturbed where it is essential for the installation of
infrastructure.
All disturbed areas shall have ground cover re-established by topsoil
placement and sowing with an approved grass seed mix, as soon as
practical upon completion of the road works.
All steps must be taken to prevent, as far as possible, the creation of a
dust nuisance. The Applicant must provide appropriate water carts,
with spray apparatus, to keep the soil moist at all times during
construction.
5.14.4 Implementation of Soil and Water Management Plan
Measures outlined in the Soil and Water Management Plan must be
implemented prior to, and maintained during and after the construction works,
in accordance with the requirements of Section 3, Council's Works
Specification - Civil.
5-6
5.15
Landscaping of Roundabouts and Median Strips
5.15.1 Description
The need for appropriate landscaping of civil infrastructure works on large
collector roads should be considered to enhance the appearance of public areas
and thoroughfares. The Applicant shall submit details of any proposed
landscaping of roundabouts and median strips for the consideration to Council
with the Development Application.
5.15.2 Design Requirements
(i) In proposing the landscaping of civil works the following issues need
to be considered:
*
The potential damage to pavement from water and root system

infiltration,
Ensure the line of sight is maintained for vehicular
pedestrian movements,
and
Ensure that tree and shrub species selection is suitable for the
particular site in terms of growth height, width and vigour,
The potential cost of maintenance of landscaping,
Accessibility of landscaping for maintenance purposes,
The adequate provision of services for landscaped areas

including irrigation and drainage.
(ii) Each site should be considered on its merits in terms of appropriateness

for landscaping including the following:
*
Sight distances,
Turning paths of various sized vehicles,
Pedestrian movements,
Provision and location of services,
Cost of installation and maintenance of the landscaping,
Safety of maintenance crews during works.
5-7
(iii) For roundabouts, central road islands and median strips, landscaping
plans shall satisfy the following requirements:
5.16
Sight distances are to be maintained in accordance with the

requirements of "Austroads - Guide to Traffic Management Part 6 Intersections, Interchanges and Crossings",
Drainage lines are to be appropriately located to prevent water

infiltration into the surrounding road patterns,
A water supply should be provided to the landscaped areas for

irrigation purposes wherever possible,
Landscape plans for proposed works are to be prepared

providing for location of trees, species type and pot size and
planting details,
The landscaped areas are to be regularly maintained for

appearance and health of the plantings,
Plant species selection should be based on maintenance

requirements, height and bulk of species, attractiveness of
species and suitability of species within local streetscape and
surrounding areas,
On non-mountable roundabouts the minimum width of

pavement installed inside the central island of roundabouts and
surrounding the landscaped area should be a minimum of
1000mm where possible for safety during maintenance and for
traffic signage,
The minimum diameter for landscape area within a roundabout

should be 3000mm in diameter,
The minimum width of a landscape area for tree planting within

median strips (i.e. clearance between back of kerbs) should be
2500mm,
Plant species selected for roundabouts, road islands and median

strips should be of low maintenance, compact in growth and
provide various contrasts of foliage colour,
Tree species selected should have slender trunks, be moderate

growers with medium to high foliage crown growth to prevent
interference with buses and trucks.
Bridges and Culverts
5-8
The design of bridges and culverts shall be in accordance with AUSTROADS

- Bridge Design Code and the structurally certified design shall be submitted
to Council. Council will also require the submission of structural certification
of the constructed works. Structural certification shall be submitted by a
Registered Engineer - Structural.
5.17
Safety Barriers for Roads and Bridges

Safety barriers for roads and bridges shall be provided in accordance with Part
6 of the Austroads Guide to Road Design (2009) and any appropriate
RMS design supplements .
5.18
Fencing and access points adjacent to Public Reserves, Drainage

Reserves and Channels
Barrier or fencing is to be provided in accordance with Council's requirements
along the boundary of the road reserve adjacent to all public reserves, drainage
reserves and channels. Vehicle access points to these reserves are to be gated
in accordance with Council plan A(BS)152M. Please contact Council's
Development Services Section for details of the type and colour of the fencing
materials to be used. Any non approved materials or colours will not be
accepted by Council and may have to be replaced with approved materials or
colours prior to hand over.
5.19
Road Names
All developments which propose to create new roads, irrespective of
whether the road is to be a public road under Councils control or a private road
under the control of a community association, must have the proposed
name(s) approved by Council prior to the submission of the linen to council
creating the new road. In the case of private roads (including community
association roads) the road type suffix used shall be "Glade" (ie Mayfield
Glade).This is so that the road can be easily identified as a road not under
Councils Care and Control.
5-9
APPENDIX A
CHECKLIST FOR
ENGINEERING PLANS

ENGINEERING PLAN CHECKLIST
DATE __________________________________________________
FILE Nos. _______________________________________________
CHECKED BY ___________________________________________
GENERAL
Two sets of plans initially (3 for approval).
A1 size sheets.
Bar scales (if required).
Adjoining owners consent for works within their property
Site inspection of existing conditions (creeks, trees,
buildings etc).
Plans comply with approved lot layout, consent and
road length and width.
Have Fees been paid.
COVER SHEET
Locality Plan.
Index of drawings sheets.
Legend.
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General Notes to be placed on Cover Sheet

All work to BCC specification.
Utility adjustments at developers expense.
Conduits to be placed where required by the relevant
authorities.
Note to preserve trees.
Benchmark, SSMs Permanent Marks (AHD).
Agricultural lines placed as directed.
A minimum of 3m of subsoil line shall be laid into
upstream side of Council pits.
Pits to have step irons if deeper than 1.2m.
100 year flow paths to be formed at time of construction.
Structural certification required for construction of major
and non-standard structures.
Driveways/Laybacks to have minimum 1.0m clearance
from power and light poles and stormwater drains, and
6m clearance from kerb return T.P.'s.
Vehicular crossings are to be 4.5m wide at kerb and
gutter.
PLAN
Benchmarks and datum shown.
Reduction ratio, bar scales, north point.
Lot boundaries and numbers.
A-1
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Trees and other features such as dams, buildings, etc.

affected by development are clearly indicated and
annotated.
Features significant to heritage considerations within
development boundaries are clearly indicated and
annotated.
Existing public and private property likely to be affected
by this application are clearly indicated and annotated.
Road Detail
- kerb radii 8.5m residential, 12.0m industrial.
- cul-de-sac radii 8.5m residential, 13.5m industrial.
- chainages.
- tangent points.
- bearings.
- curve radii (bus routes min 76m).
- dimensions (check for conformity with hierarchy).
- half road construction min. width 4.5m.
- vehicular crossing if required (lm from low side
boundary).
- check that vehicular crossings do not clash with drainage
pit.
- ramps required at pathways and all kerb returns (no lip).
-
lots to be contoured (existing and proposed).

roads intersect at right angles.
check for sight distance across intersection.
splay corners 5x5 (residential); 8 x 8 (industrial).
path paving shown conforms with Council Path Paving
Policy.
pathways, width / location.
extent of construction.
pavement splays shown at end of works.
street sign location. No through road signs as required.
concrete pathways, extend to kerb.
bus bay provided at school site.
classification and name of road.
guide posts - white, reflectorised.
pipe baulkheads in pathways.
smooth junction with all existing work.
Only barrier kerb permitted adjacent to public or drainage
reserves.
Horizontal road alignment

- alignment compatible with design speed.
- road widths and lanes meet councils requirements and
design traffic requirements.
- alignment of bridges suits road alignment.
- pedestrian, bicycle and parking requirements are met.
A-2
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provision has been made for large vehicles such as

buses, garbage trucks and emergency vehicles.
Vertical road alignment

- grades meet maximum and minimum requirements.
- vertical alignment is compatible with property access.
- the gradient on an intersecting road is not significantly
greater than the cross slope of the through pavement
and no greater than 3% at give way signs.
- sight distance is acceptable for all accesses to
roundabouts.
- The pavement design complies with Councils pavement
design specification.
- Restriction as to Users & Positive Covenants to be
shown (fill, floor level control etc).
- Flood warning signs adjacent to floodways, basins refer to Std Drawing A (BS) 114S.
- All existing features such as dams, fences, trees.
- Kerb type e.g. STD 150 mm kerb, roll kerb if carriageway
is 9m or less.
- Kerb return details No, radii, tangent points.
- Lead-in and tail-out drain details.
- Regraded areas.
- Road category.
- Half road construction 4.5m.
- Ag Line at ends of roads if in cut.
- Pit numbers.
Linemarking and Signposting
- Permanent Signs are shown on the drawings and in
accordance with AS 1743.
- Permanent Pavement linemarking and pavement
marking is indicated on the drawings to meet the
requirements of AS 1742.2.
- Show All Existing and Proposed Give Way and Stop
signs, etc.
Stormwater detail
- pipe size, class and type.
- No curved pipelines unless pipe diameter >1200mm.
- easement widths shown.
- provide easements through public reserves.
- ensure pit location does not clash with driveways.
- 1m high handrail around pits in public reserve.
- headwalls to main channels.
- stubs to be provided to medium density and industrial
lots.
- pits in road pavements to have HD cast iron covers
(Avoid pit in road pavement where possible).
- all channels, open drains etc. note to turf.
A-3
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all flow paths should be in pathways or public reserves.

note for reverse cross fall of footpath adjacent to the flow
path.
reduction ratios and bar scales.
LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS
- Minimum grade 1 % (desirable).
- Maximum grades (check guide).
- Signs of grades shown.
- Check levels.
- Vertical Curves.
* minimum length.
* riding comfort / sight distance.
* intersection point details.
* check low point is adjacent to flow path.
Check crest details.
Kerb tangent points.
Ensure 3% cross fall on major roads at intersections.
Match smoothly to existing work.
Reduction ratios and bar scale.
CROSS SECTIONS
Typical cross section for each road showing pavement
width, 0.5m berms, batters, pavement details, pavement
extends 300mm behind kerb.
Check cross fall particularly at intersections and cul-desac heads.
Check levels.
Check levels for ponding at boundary.
Check access to lots where cut/fill proposed.
Check batter slopes (1:5 minimum in public reserves).
Check flow onto pavement where half-road construction.
Reduction ratio and bar scales.
Sufficient cross sections are shown to define all
variations and width transitions.
Cross sections are of sufficient width to fully assess
impact of road level on adjoining property.
Cross sections required for fill areas i.e. dams,
depressions.
Concrete footpath cross fall 2.5%.
Path paving 900mm off property boundary.
PATHWAYS
If used as flow path for 100 year flow, check capacity.
Location of pathway adjacent to low point.
Maximum 2% reverse cross fall on footpath if pathway
used for flow path.
Formation at time of subdivision.
Longitudinal section and cross sections at regular
intervals are required.
A-4
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Pipe baulkheads.
Continued to kerb or pedestrian path paving.
Restrictions on adjacent lots to ensure finished floor
levels 500mm above 100 year ARI level.
INTERSECTION/CUL-DE-SAC DETAIL AND KERB PROFILES

Plan drawn to scale 1:250 or 1:200 or 1:100.
Profiles drawn at 10 to 1 exaggeration.
Plan to be contoured.
Tangent points and radii shown.
Kerb returns to be numbered or lettered.
Top of kerb levels shown at 1/4 points and V.C.
Returns to grade out except sag points (i.e. no trapped
low points.
Sag point to be at least 1m beyond kerb TP.
Check for length of kerb less than 0.3% (should be less
than 5m).
Check splay corner details.
Check cross fall centreline to lip.
Check riding comfort around return.
Reduction ratios and bar scales.
ROUNDABOUT DESIGN (to Austroad Standards)
Check size conforms with Austroads standards.
Check for adequate deflection through RAB.
Check vehicular turning circles (dependant on location).
Ensure compliance with Council requirements.
* SBS Modified AC14 to kerb return TPs (75mm thick).
* centre island and annulus to be reinforced concrete.
* painting (reflectorised) and stenciled concrete as
required.
* lighting to Integral Energy satisfaction.
* note re: provision of water tap in central island.
* agricultural lines within central island.
* reduction ratios and bar scale.
BRIDGE DESIGN
The design has been performed by a competent
practising Civil or Structural Engineer.
Geotechnical data has been adequate and is held on
the design file.
The type and functional dimensions of the bridges meet
the current requirements of Austroads Bridge Design
Code, AS 3600, AS 1684, AS 1170, AS 4100.
The type and class of all materials are indicated on the
drawings.
Records of all significant design calculations are
available for audit.
The design complies with any Conditions of
Development consent.
A-5
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The design complies with any conditions set by DIPNR

and NSW Fisheries.
STORMWATER PLAN
Catchment plan (1:2000 desirable) include upstream
catchment.
Check 100 year flow.
Catch drains required to protect lots and roads.
Avoid long, deep tail-out drains. Piping may be required.
Natural depressions through public reserves to be
piped.
Ensure development is above flood levels issued in
consent.
Check for concentration of water onto adjoining
properties.
Low flow pipes - generally 600mm diameter.
Drainage structure schedule.
Structural details of special pits.
* provided.
* certified.
Easement required where pipes traverse Council land.
Drainage is provided for local depressions e.g. median
areas or areas adjacent to fill.
Subsurface drainage has been provided when required.
Overland flow paths are shown.
Lead in and tailout drain details provided.
The need for batter drains has been considered for
areas of fill.
Drainage structures and flow paths are located so as to
ensure safe vehicular and pedestrian transit.
Appropriate land stabilisation and velocity controls have
been implemented to pipe systems, open channels and
embankments.
All Overland flow paths and channels to be turfed.
Handrails provided to headwalls >1m high and around
surface inlet pits in public property.
WSUD elements are detailed with supporting
documentation.
Water quality treatment has been incorporated where
required.
STORMWATER CALCULATIONS
Q5 residential, except when catchment >6Ha, then use
Q10. Q20 industrial and commercial.
Sub-catchment areas.
Co-efficient of runoff.
Discharge.
By pass < 15% of flow, otherwise another pit required
(desirable no bypass).
Velocity x depth <0.4 m/s.
A-6
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Maximum flow from site to gutter is 55 l/s.

Lintel size generally 1.8m (2.4m and centrally placed in
sags).
Maximum pit spacing 80 metres.
Maximum width of flow in gutter is 2m.
Check ponding depth at sag pits.
Pit required at KTP where > 20 l/s or 1m width.
Hydraulic grade line.
Velocities (0.6 m/s to 6.0 m/s).
K factor adopted (or n value).
Head losses.
No trapped low points allowed.
Check Overland Flow paths Major Flow Check.
Minimum time of concentration 6 minutes, max. 20
minutes.
Check for ponding on lots.
No pits on kerb returns.
DRAINAGE LONGITUDINAL SECTION

Ensure service locations are shown accurately.
Single pipe size and class between pits.
Information to be shown.
* road and pipe chainages.
* design surface level.
* design invert level.
* pipe size, class, type (minimum 375 dia, and RRJ in
roads).
* pipe grade 1% preferable min., 0.5% absolute min.
* pipe grade >15% anchor block at 4m intervals
required.
* water surface levels.
* hydraulic grade line.
* intersecting pipeline details.
* pit type.
* pit levels.
* pit number.
Check cover (care to be taken at under V.C.s).
Hydraulic grade line correct.
Correct depth for upstream connection.
Reduction ratios and bar scales.
RRJ Pipelines in filled areas and road reserves.
OUTLET CONDITIONS
Extent of tail-out (depth will determine pipe length).
100 yr ARI and PMF flood extents.
Erosion control/turfing.
Energy dissipaters.
Capacity of channels/existing pipeline.
Headwall detail.
In pathways extend pipe 3m beyond boundary (access).
A-7
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Existing pipeline, check capacity.

Channel, check capacity, dimensions, erosion
protection.
Connection to Trunk drainage.
Detention basin.
* calculations submitted?
* compaction of embankments.
* turfing of embankments.
* effect on adjoining properties (TWL).
* capacity of downstream system not exceeded.
* storage required.
* outlet details.
* spillway discharge.
* slope of embankments.
* safety fencing.
* signs required.
* engineers certificate.
* performance report with hydrographs.
INTER-ALLOTMENT DRAINAGE
Longitudinal sections provided.
Easements shown on plan.
Pipe size shown.
Minimum 150mm diameter.
Adequate pipe size.
Pipe cover (Min. 300).
Grade (Min. 1%, absolute 0.5%).
Type of pipe (RCP V.C.P. PVC etc).
Stubs to be provided for industrial, commercial and
medium density lots.
Connections to stormwater drainage (angle satisfactory).
Pits at bends and inside property boundary.
Pipes across Council footways to be RCP or RHS only.
Hydraulic check required for > 5 lots.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
Measures outlined in the ESCP must be implemented
prior to and maintained during and after the construction
works.
Notes
* all disturbed areas and stockpiles to be stabilised
within 14 days.
* topsoil to be stripped, stockpiled and re-spread on
completion of earthworks. None to be removed.
* no disturbance of site permitted other than immediate
area of the works.
* Note re inspection of trees by Council prior to
construction works commencing.
Turfing/grassing of disturbed areas.
* 300mm wide strip of turf behind kerb.
A-8
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* no trees to be removed without Council consent.

* turfing around all surface inlet pits (1 Medium wide).
* location of soil stockpiles.
* location of silt fencing.
Sediment pond, need for? size, location, protection,
calculations.
Soil stockpiles.
Silt fences.
Plan submitted in accordance with Landcom's Blue
Book.
TRAFFIC MATTERS
Do plans need to be referred to Traffic Committee for
line marking, sign posting, street lighting?
If yes, 3 copies of plan required showing line marking,
signposting and lighting and report.
Check street sign location is to Council requirements.
Traffic controls comply with AS 1742.3-2002.
Certified by RTA accredited work site traffic.
Have pedestrians been catered for.
Has "after hours" traffic control through the worksite
been addressed?
GEOTECHNICAL
Notes to be shown on plans where filling is proposed.
* all sediment control measures to be installed prior to
commencement of works.
* fill compaction as Spec.
* all testing controlled and certified by NATA registered
lab.
* strip and stockpile topsoil prior to filling; respread on
completion of earthworks.
* residential lots to be individually classified.
ADJOINING PROPERTIES (Existing vs Proposed)
Alignment, width of road.
Longitudinal sections/grading.
Pipe size/grading.
Path paving size and location.
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COMMENTS
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A-9
APPENDIX B
ON-SITE DETENTION GENERAL
GUIDELINES
& CHECKLIST
A. DESIGN OF ON-SITE STORMWATER DETENTION FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENTS

A.1
INTRODUCTION
The Local Government Area of Blacktown City drains to two main catchments, these being the
Upper Parramatta River Catchment and the Hawkesbury River Catchment. The on-site
stormwater detention (OSD) requirements are different for each catchment and, if required,
Councils Development Services can advise which catchment applies to the proposed
development.
A.2
WHEN IS ON-SITE STORMWATER DETENTION REQUIRED?

For those areas draining to the Upper Parramatta River Catchment (see Area 1 in Figure B.1 of
this appendix), on-site stormwater detention (OSD) shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of the Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust (UPRCT). Details of these
requirements can be found in the publication On-site Stormwater Detention Handbook
(version 3) by the UPRCT. This publication can be purchased directly from the UPRCT or is
available on the internet at www.uprct.nsw.gov.au.
Catchment Areas 2 & 3, and other Hawkesbury River Sub-Catchments
Where a proposed development drains to the Hawkesbury River Catchment OSD will be
required where the development satisfies one or more of the following criteria:
Residential developments with an area exceeding 1500 m of actual development area,

Industrial or Commercial developments with an area exceeding 500 m
Subdivision developments creating 3 or more lots, or
The development is located in area 2 or 3 in figure B.1 (of this Appendix),
Where a development requires OSD, the design shall be in accordance with Section A.3 below.
OSD is not required in areas zoned 1(a) Rural, or for single residential dwellings and dual
occupancy housing. It may also not be required in new release areas outside areas 1 & 3.
Confirmation is required from the Manager Asset Design Services.
A.3
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
a) Design plans and calculations will only be accepted from persons having acceptable
professional accreditation. The following are considered to be acceptable accreditation for the
purpose of OSD design and certification:
NPER in Civil Engineering (Institution of Engineers, Australia),

Surveyors certificate of Accreditation in Onsite Detention and Drainage Design (Institution of
Surveyors NSW and Association of Consulting Surveyors NSW),
Stormwater Register (Association of Hydraulic Services Consultants, Australia),
Accreditation as a certifier under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, 1979 in the
relevant discipline, or
B-1
Other designers may be acceptable provided that they can satisfy Council that they have the
relevant experience and competence in OSD design.
b) On site stormwater detention should, generally be incorporated into the lowest point of the
proposed development, and can possibly be a car park or an open space area or even roof top
areas where no underground storage is possible.
c) The following OSD parameters and conditions apply to the respective catchments listed below.
a.
As much as possible of the site area is to drain through the OSD system(s) with an
absolute minimum of 80% (85% UPRCT). The following tables define PSD/SSR values
against site area drained. Intermediate values can be interpolated linearly for PSD and
from a fair curve through the 3 values for SSR. PSD and SSR values only apply to the
catchment area draining through the OSD system, not necessarily to the total site area.
b.
A high early discharge (HED) control pit is mandatory.
UPPER PARRAMATTA RIVER

CATCHMENT - AREA # 1
Site Area Draining

75% > 100%
100%
80
470
Maximum PSD - litres/sec/ha

SSR - m3/ha
BREAKFAST CREEK
CATCHMENT - AREA # 2
As per UPRCT
OSD Guidelines
Site Area Draining

90%
100%
95
343

SSR - m3/ha
ROPES CREEK - IDO 81 & Mt

Druitt Branches - AREA # 3
65
429
36
580
Site Area Draining

90%
100%
80%
181
232

SSR - m3/ha
ALL OTHER HAWKESBURY

RIVER SUB - CATCHMENTS
137
282
93
377
Site Area Draining

90%
100%
80%
147
264

SSR - m3/ha
B-2
80%
101
301
56
473
d) Maximum ponding depths shall be as follows:

Pedestrian Areas
Driveways and Parking
Gardens
50 mm
200 mm
600 mm
In all cases, safety issues shall be addressed with provision of warning signs (including
Confined Space Entry signs), and if necessary, safety fencing.
e) Provision shall be made for flows greater than the 100 year ARI flow through the structure via
an overflow spillway and/or overland flow path (see also Section 2.14 - Pathways, of this
Guide).
f) Freeboard for any building adjacent to the detention structure shall be in accordance with
Section 1.5 of appendix D of this Manual. The depth of spillway overflow shall be based on the
assumption that at commencement of the design storm, the detention outlet is fully blocked.
g) Structural components of on site detention systems within the Hawkesbury River Catchment
shall be designed in accordance with the guidelines provided in the UPRCT handbook.
h) The drainage concept plan (to be submitted by the Applicant with the Development
Application) shall identify undrained areas and include an OSD Report detailing SSR, PSD and
HED discharge control pit design parameters such as pit levels, orifice levels/diameters, weir
levels/flow rates, etc.
(1)
All existing services which need to be relocated (if any) to facilitate the construction of OSD
storage areas, pits or drainage pipelines, shall be relocated at full cost to the developer. (This
should be a note on the plan).
Pits General Requirements
(1)
Provide step irons for all pits deeper than 1200mm. The step irons shall be staggered
to give a 300mm spacing vertically and 220mm spacing horizontally (see Council plan
A(BS)111S). The type of step irons used must satisfy Councils requirements for durability
and strength.
(2)
Provide a pit at the road boundary where drainage lines enter public roads and
footways.
These pits may be either precast or cast "in-situ" concrete pits. PVC or similar
precast
pits are not acceptable.
(3)
Pits shall be designed so that the discharge from inlet pipes is directed towards the outlet pipe.
B-3
(4)
All inlet & outlet pipes shall be cut flush with the pit wall, and the pit floor is to be
benched from the invert of the inlet pipe to the invert of the outlet pipe. - No sump in the pit is
allowed.
(5)
All pit grates are to have the same clear opening as the internal plan dimension of the pit (for
pits up to 1200 square).
(6)
All pits associated with the on site detention system, (except for the High Early Discharge
Pit), shall have minimum internal opening dimensions of 600mm x 600mm for pits up to
600mm deep, 600 x 900 for pits up to 900mm deep, and 900mm x 900mm for deeper pits.
(7)
The maximum weight of each individual hinged grate shall be 20 kilograms.
(8)
All grates are to be hinged and provided with an appropriate childproof lockdown system.
Hinged grates are to be placed away from any wall or kerb, to ensure that the grates can be
fully opened for safety reasons.
(9)
Where precast pits are proposed (except for the H.E.D pit), the pit shall be placed on a
75mm thick concrete base and backfilled with concrete to half way up the outside of the unit.
PVC type pits are not acceptable.
High Early Discharge Pit (H.E.D.) Requirements
(1)
High Early Discharge (HED) pits are to be constructed as concrete cast in-situ pits.
Precast or masonry brick pits are not permitted for HED pits.
(2)
Design and construction of the High Early Discharge pit must satisfy the requirements
Council Plan A(BS)136S.
(3)
High Early Discharge pits up to a depth of 1200mm shall have a minimum internal
opening dimension of 900mm x 900mm. For deeper pits, the HED pit shall have a
minimum internal opening of 1200mm x 1200mm.
(4)
The flap valve on the return from the storage area into the HED pit shall be a "Nicholas
Flexi Flap" as per Council Plan A(BS)136S or approved equivalent. If an equivalent is
proposed this must be approved by Councils Engineer prior to installation. The "Nicholas
Flexi Flap" is available from several suppliers as listed in the UPRCT handbook Appendix E
(5)
Fittings in the HED pit are to be secured with "Ramset Chemical anchors (type M 1O)"
available from Ramset Fastener Pty Ltd or an approved equivalent. Any proposed equivalent
must be approved by Councils Engineer prior to installation.
(6)
The invert of the HED pit shall be drained using an ag-line, 50mm in diameter, with a
minimum length of 1m. This ag-line shall be laid in a trench with a minimum gradient
of
B-4
of
1%. The trench shall be backfilled with 5mm single size stone. This system shall be
drained to a downstream existing Council kerb, pipe or pit.
(7)
Pits shall be designed so that the discharge of "inlet" pipes is directed across the trash
rack.
Storage
(1)
The invert of the storage pit shall be graded at a minimum of 2% toward the outlet.
(2)
At least the 1 in 2 ARI year storm or 20% of total storage shall be underground or in low
nuisance areas such as passive landscaped or paved entertainment area. (Primary storage is not
permitted within the minimum 80m2 courtyard area for residential development.)
Underground storage tanks shall incorporate the following features.
(3)
A minimum internal (head) height of 1.2m is to be provided. This may be reduced to 750mm
for commercial/industrial development or 500mm for residential development, but only where
all other practical alternatives have been exhausted and where it can be demonstrated that
consideration has been made to allow easy access by the owner of the system to facilitate
inspection and maintenance and having satisfied the requirements of Confined Spaces Act and
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2000.
(4)
Sufficient ventilation and access points (usually hinged grated lids) must be provided to the
storage tank.
i.
All grates accessing the tank shall have a minimum dimension of 900mm x 900mm.
These industrial grates are to have a maximum lifting weight of 20 kg. The grate may
need to have a double opening in order to achieve this requirement.
ii.
Grates are to be placed in a manner to ensure that the maximum distance from any point
in the tank to the edge of the nearest grate is not greater than 3m. This is to facilitate
access and maintenance of the storage tank.
iii.
The base of the tank to be shaped as follows:

a).
b)
iv.
(5)
2% cross fall to a central V drain, and

2% longitudinally slope along the V drain.
The designer shall avoid placing access points/grates in driveways to minimize danger
to service personnel during maintenance works. Where this cannot be avoided, the
grates must be designed to withstand vehicular loads.
Suspended pipes through underground storage spaces shall be avoided wherever possible.
Where they are unavoidable the following requirements shall apply: -
B-5
(6)
i.
Concrete pipes, in tanks, must be supported by concrete cradles with a minimum

clearance of 50mm between under side of pipe and the tank floor.
ii.
PVC pipes must be secured to wall brackets or roof brackets. The resultant system
shall be rigid in all directions.
Vertical walls shall be finished smooth so that they cannot collect litter and debris. Walls will
generally satisfy this requirement if they are: i.
ii.
Block walls with flush joints

Concrete wall with smooth surface
(7)
Horizontal and near horizontal surfaces inside pits shall be finished with a wood float
finish.
(8)
Above ground storage areas shall incorporate the following features.

a.
Walk in and walk out batters with a maximum slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal
shall be provided for storage areas.
b.
If the maximum slope for walk in and walk out cannot be achieved or if the
maximum storage depth is in excess of 600mm, a 1.2m high safety pool fence or better,
must be provided to protect the storage area.
c.
Steps must be provided where the step down to storage invert exceeds 200 mm or for
fenced storage areas where maximum allowable slope cannot be achieved.
d.
When a dwelling wall is proposed to form part of the containment wall for a storage
area, or is adjacent to the storage area, it must have an impervious waterproof type
membrane to prevent water seeping/penetrating or rising into dwelling. Care must be
taken to ensure that brick wall ventilation holes are not below TWL of storage area.
Trash Rack
(1)
The trash rack shall be constructed of hot dipped galvanized mesh, "Lysaght Maxi mesh
Rh3030" (or an approved equivalent), for orifices of less than 150mm diameter. For orifices
greater than 150mm diameter "WELDLOK (F40/203)" type mesh (or approved equivalent)
shall be used. The cross sectional area of the screen shall not be less than 50 times the orifice
cross sectional area for the Maxi mesh or 20 times for WELDLOK.
The use of any equivalent must be approved by Councils Engineer prior to installation. Any
gaps between the trash rack and the pit wall shall be no greater than 3mm. The Trash Rack
shall be easily removable to allow cleaning of the orifice plate.
B-6
Outlet System
(1)
(2)
(3)
The orifice plate shall consist of a stainless steel plate 3mm thick for orifice holes
up to 150mm diameter, and 5mm thick for larger orifice
sizes.(See Council Plan
A(BS)136S).
A galvanized Rolled Hollow Steel (RHS) section shall be provided between the
boundary inspection pit and a kerb and gutter discharge point.
Reinforced concrete pipes (rubber ring joint type) line shall be used between the
boundary pit and any Council drainage pit.
Maintenance Schedule
A maintenance schedule is to be prepared in accordance with the guidelines in the UPRCT
OSD handbook (version 3)
B-7
APPENDIX C
COUNCILS POLICIES
AND GUIDELINES
PATH PAVING POLICY
PEDESTRIAN REFUGE GUIDELINE
Path Paving Policy
March, 2009
Path Paving Policy
Table of Contents
Page No.
Aim ............................................................................................................................................ 3
General ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
Residential & Industrial ..................................................................................... 3
1.2
Road Hierarchy .................................................................................................. 4
1.3
Explanations....................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Pedestrians ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.2 Desire Line ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.3 Sub-Arterial Roads................................................................................. 6
1.3.4 Collector Roads ...................................................................................... 6
1.3.5 Local Roads............................................................................................ 6
1.3.6 Cul-de-sacs ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.7 Access Roads ......................................................................................... 7
1.3.8 Industrial Collector Roads ..................................................................... 7
1.3.9 Industrial Access Roads ......................................................................... 7
1.3.10 Pathways ................................................................................................ 7
1.3.11 Parks ....................................................................................................... 7
1.3.12 Schools ................................................................................................... 7
1.3.13 Commercial/Retail Areas ....................................................................... 7
1.3.14 Bike Paths are ....................................................................................... 7
2.
Implementation .............................................................................................................. 8
2.1
Developing Areas ............................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Option 1 ................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Option 2 ................................................................................................. 8
2.2
Established Areas ............................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Developer Construction ......................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Provision of Path Paving by Council ..................................................... 9
Page 2
Path Paving Policy
Aim
To provide a path paving network where it is needed most so that pedestrians have a safe and
effective, all weather surface on which to walk.
General
1.1
Residential & Industrial

Path Paving is generally 1.2m wide and laid 900mm off the property boundary on the
footway of public roads in new release areas. H owever, in established areas the Path
Paving is generally 1.1m wide and laid 900mm off the property boundary.
Councils Path Paving Policy is outlined below:
(i)
All ne w pa th pa ving s hall be 1.2m w ide a nd l aid 900m m of f the property

boundary.
(ii)
In established areas, where the existing path paving is generally 1.1m wide, the
Manager Maintenance Services and Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals have
delegated authority to either maintain the status quo or apply 1.1 (i) on a case by
case basis.
(iii)
For ne w s ubdivisions a djacent t o e stablished a reas, w here t he existing path

paving has been constructed on both sides, but new path paving is required on
one side, t he D irector E nvironmental & P lanning S ervices a nd C o-ordinator
Engineering Approvals have delegated authority to determine the transition point.
(iv)
The D irector T echnical & T ransport S ervices an d Director Environmental &

Planning Services have delegated authority to change the width of path paving
from the standard width of 1.2m to any other width depending on the particular
situation.
Path paving shall generally be constructed of 75m m t hick concrete. I ts provision i s

usually delayed until approximately 75 percent of the dwellings are constructed in the
street. H owever, in the case of integrated housing, the concrete path paving shall be
125mm thick to enable road and building works to commence concurrently. Refer to the
Table outlined below.
Page 3
Path Paving Policy
The three types of path paving allowed by Council are outlined below:
Type 1 -
Grey concrete a s pe r t he w idth a nd of fset di stance of f t he pr operty

boundary outlined above. Expansion joints shall be placed at intervals
not exceeding six (6) metres with dummy joints provided every one point
two (1.2) metres. The Director Technical & Transport Services, Director
Environmental & Planning Services, Manager Maintenance Services and
Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals have delegated authority to vary the
surface texture or finish, and colour of the concrete path paving.
Type 2 -
Grey co ncrete w ith cl ay s egmental p avers as per the width and offset
distance off t he property boundary out lined above. S egmental pavers
shall be set in 75mm thick concrete at every third dummy joint.
Type 3 -
Clay S egmental P avers u sed f or co mmercial/retail ar eas s hall be full

width and placed on 25mm of sand on top of 75mm thick concrete base.
However, in residential areas, the use of clay segmental pavers will be
considered by C ouncil on a c ase by c ase ba sis. Council would only
consider t he u se o f s egmental p avers f or r esidential s treets i f t he
development i s of s ufficient s ize w ith a s ignificant r oad ne twork a nd
provides housing for a large community. (ie. subdivisions or estates with
a minimum of 200 residential lots and a large proportion of self contained
road network)
1.2
Road Hierarchy
The road hierarchy in the City of Blacktown is embodied in Councils Development
Control Plan, which details the requirements for new roads created by the development
control process. The following table lists the path paving requirements for each road
category:-
Page 4
Path Paving Policy
Carriageway
Width
(m)
Width
Path Paving
(m)
Path Paving
Thickness
(mm)
12.5
4 Median
1.2*
75
Both Sides
Collector
11
1.2*
75
Both Sides
Local
1.2*
125#
One Side plus

Desire Line
6.5
1.2*
125#
One Side plus

Desire Line
1.2*
125#
One Side plus

Desire Line
Collector
15.5
1.2*
75
Both Sides
Industrial Access
13.5
1.2*
75
One Side plus

Desire Line only
150
F82 Mesh
Crossing Points
150
F82 Mesh
Crossing Points
Road Hierarchy
Sub Arterial
Comments
Residential
Cul-de-sac
Access
Industrial
Other
Pathways (New Release
Areas)
Pathways (Established
Areas)
Parks
1.5
150
F82 Mesh
Desire Line
Schools
Full Width
125
F82 Mesh
Main Entrance,
Bus Bay & Pick
Up Areas
Commercial/Retail
Full Width
165
1.27
165
2.5
125
F82 Mesh
Residential
Bike Path (Off Road)
Segmental Pavers
Plus 75mm Thick
Concrete Base and
25mm Sand
As above with
concrete edge strip
or header course
set directly on
concrete
Desire Line
Page 5
Path Paving Policy
Notes:
(i)
The above Table should be read in conjunction with Section 1.3 of the
Policy document.
(ii)
1.2* It should be noted that the majority of existing path paving in

established areas are 1.1m wide.
(iii)
125# The 125mm thickness is required at vehicular crossings and

adjacent to roll top kerb.
(iv)
Path paving provided by Council shall be Type 1, unless otherwise

approved by Council.
(v)
This Policy is not applicable to Stanhope Gardens, as it is covered by

Blacktown Development Control Plan 1992 - Part J.
1.3
Explanations
1.3.1
Pedestrians has been used throughout this Policy, however it is recognised that users of
path paving include wheelchair users and young cyclists.
1.3.2
Desire Line is the preferred route which pedestrians would use to reach their destination,
such as a school, shops, park, place of worship, bus stop, train station, sporting facilities
and community facilities etc.
1.3.3
Sub-Arterial Roads need path paving on bot h sides due to higher vehicle speeds and
traffic volumes, and the need to limit road crossing points to reduce the potential for
pedestrian/vehicle contact. Sub-Arterial roads are marked on Plan No. A(BS)76R, which
shows the road hierarchy.
1.3.4
Collector Roads need path paving on both sides due to the higher traffic volumes and the
need to limit road crossing points to reduce the potential for pedestrian/vehicle contact.
Collector roads are marked on Plan No. A(BS)76R, which shows the road hierarchy, and
for new subdivision roads with 11 metres wide carriageway.
1.3.5
Local Roads generally need path paving on one side only. Local roads will sometimes be
provided with path paving on both sides of the road if desire lines are identified along
both sides of the road.
1.3.6
Cul-de-sacs generally need path paving on one side only. I n new subdivisions, path
paving shall be provided along at least one side of the Cul-de-sac. For existing Cul-desacs with less than 30 dwellings, the residents must be consulted to ascertain whether or
not they require path paving, prior to construction.
Page 6
Path Paving Policy
1.3.7
Access Roads are narrow residential streets which have very low traffic volumes and path
paving would only be provided along one side.
1.3.8
Industrial Collector Roads are generally heavily trafficked with high usage by heavy
vehicles. Although the pedestrian generation is generally low, it is essential that path
paving is provided on both sides to encourage road crossings at intersections.
1.3.9
Industrial Access Roads have only minor pedestrian movements, but due its usage by
heavy vehicles and the longer distances that pedestrians need to walk. Path paving would
be provided on one side.
1.3.10 Pathways generally link streets with streets or streets to recreational and/or community
facilities. In many instances, Pathways are also utilised to cater for overland flows. As
such, they are generally constructed with 3 percent cross-fall and kerbed on one side.
Pathways in new release areas are 4m wide and in established areas they are generally 3m
wide. Pathways shall be constructed full width with 150mm thick concrete.
1.3.11 Parks provide aesthetic pedestrian routes that are usually linked to the adjacent street
path paving network. They provide pedestrian access to recreational and/or community
facilities located within the Park. The width of path paving in Parks are generally 1.5m
wide and constructed in 150mm thick concrete to cater for mowing tractors.
1.3.12 Schools need full width concrete path paving around the main entrance, adjacent to bus
bays and drop off and pick up areas caters for the high pedestrian numbers, particularly
during the drop off and pick up times. The full width concrete paved areas are usually
linked directly to the adjacent path paving network.
1.3.13 Commercial/Retail Areas are generally paved with segmental pavers full width to cater
for the high pedestrian usage and to enhance the aesthetics of these areas. Segmental
pavers shall be laid on 25mm sand over 75mm thick concrete base.
1.3.14 Bike Paths are generally 2.5m wide and constructed in concrete. If standard path paving
is proposed to be provided between two bike paths or where it forms part of Councils
Bike Plan, then the proposed path paving should be upgraded to 2.5m wide to provide
continuity.
Page 7
Path Paving Policy
2.
Implementation
2.1
Developing Areas
Developer Construction
Developers are required to provide path paving on r oads created by subdivisions and
along roads adjacent to their subdivisions. The provision of path paving by developers
should be delayed until approximately 75 percent of the dwellings have been constructed
along the street frontage. This is to minimise damage to the path paving during house
construction.
The developer has 2 options to facilitate the delay of path paving provision:
2.1.1
Option 1
Lodgement of Security Deposit in the form of a Bank Guarantee or Cash

Deposit can be lodged w ith C ouncil t ogether w ith t he e xecution of
Councils standard Deed. T he amount of the security is 1.5 times the
value of the work which is calculated using Councils short term contract
rates. When approximately 75 percent of the allotments created have
been built upon, the developer may then notify Council of their intention
to construct the path paving. Following Councils approval to proceed
with the work, the work is then carried out by the developers contractor
and upon satisfactory completion the Security Deposit will be released.
2.1.2
Option 2
Monetary Payment towards the provision of path paving may be made

by the de veloper. T he a mount of pa yment w ill be c alculated us ing
Councils Goods & Services P ricing S chedule. I n a ddition, a n
administration fee of 1 percent of the value of the path paving works with
a minimum of $250 is paid to Council. The amount due is payable prior
to release of the plan of subdivision, but may be paid at a later date to
release a Security Deposit. The path paving will then be constructed by
Council at a later date. This opt ion r elieves t he de veloper of t heir
obligations to provide path paving much earlier than Option 1 and frees
the developer from servicing a Bank Guarantee and other administrative
commitments.
The extent of path paving works proposed in accordance with this Policy must be shown
on the Engineering Plans required by the Development Consent. The extent of works
approved by C ouncil w ill t hen f orm pa rt of t he r oad a nd dr ainage w orks that the
developer is required to provide.
Page 8
Path Paving Policy
Construction of Path Paving by Council in Developing Areas

Generally, Council do not construct path paving in developing areas as the developer will
be required to provide it as a condition of development approval. However, situations
may arise whereby the property owners when it does to meet the needs of the community,
Council will seek to recover half the construction cost of providing the path paving from
the owners of properties fronting the work. Particularly when the subject properties are
capable of further development or undertake commercial activities. Council has the
legislative power to enforce the recovery of half the construction costs of providing path
paving from the owners of properties fronting the work in accordance with the Local
Government Act 1993.
2.2
Established Areas
2.2.1
Developer Construction
Where a development site fronts a road which is identified by this Policy as requiring
path paving, the developer is responsible for its construction along the full frontage of the
site. The fulfilment of this responsibility is by:
(i)
(ii)
2.2.2
Construction by developer at the time of the development.

Monetary Payment as set out in Option 2 above. (2.1.2)
Provision of Path Paving by Council

Council allocates funding for pa th pa ving pr ojects t hrough i ts A nnual W orks
Improvement Program. Projects are prioritised on merit in accordance to the Selection
Criteria outlined below:
Pedestrian Generators
Pedestrian Safety
Development Potential
Road Hierarchy
Remaining or Incomplete Sections
Requests Received by Council
Page 9
APPENDIX C

Adopted February 2009

This guideline is now under review due to changes in both the
Australian Standards and Roads and Maritime Services (RMS)
Technical Directions . Until Council completes that review
reference should be made to Australian Standard 1742.10-2009
and the RMS Technical Directive 2011-01A.
APPENDIX D
DRAINAGE DESIGN
MANUAL
APPENDIX D
DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL
A Supplement to the 1998 Edition of

Australian Rainfall and Runoff for Blacktown
Prepared by:
Revised 2005
EGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT - February 2005
D-1
INTRODUCTION
This document outlines Blacktown City Council's recommended practice for urban drainage
design. All urban drainage design for Council shall be carried out in accordance with this
document. It is in no way a comprehensive "Design Manual" and is intended to be read in
conjunction with and as a supplement to the 1998 Reprinted edition of "Australian Rainfall
and Runoff" (referred to as "AR&R"). The Design coefficients defined in the Tables and
Figures within this Manual are applicable only to the City of Blacktown.
The "Major/Minor" concept is adopted for urban drainage design. The "Minor" system refers
to the underground pipes system, designed to an Average Recurrence Interval as determined
in Section 1 of this Manual. The "Major" system refers to overland flow paths which shall be
designed to convey major storm flows when the capacity of the minor system is exceeded.
The Manual has been divided into Sections in accordance with the design procedures outlined
in Section 1.5.2, Book 8 of AR&R (page 9). The appendices detail several design techniques
which may be applicable to different aspects of Urban Drainage Design.
General requirements for the design of trunk drainage systems in new release areas are
detailed in Section 9 of this Manual. Where these designs are carried out by Consultants, a
separate Design Brief shall be written for each new design.
NOTE: Although the parameters and techniques for Flow Estimation in urban catchments as
set out in the Manual, generally refer to the Rational Method, it may, depending on catchment
characteristics, be more appropriate to use Time/Area or Non-Linear-Runoff-Routing Model.
Urban Hydrograph Models such as RAFTS, DRAINS and XP-STORM employ rigorous, as
well as contemporary techniques for determining catchment discharge and response and
should be used wherever possible. Council has already modelled some catchments using the
DRAINS and RAFTS computer models and on request, these data files can be made available
to facilitate catchment analysis.
D-2
DESIGN PROCEDURE
Listed below is the suggested procedure for urban stormwater drainage design. A detailed
explanation of the procedures is contained within each Section. The steps refer to the general
order in which a drainage design proceeds.
1.
Determine Design Average Recurrence Intervals.

1.1 Piped Drainage (Minor System).
1.2 Major System Drainage.
1.3 Redevelopment in Urban Areas.
1.4 Trunk Drainage.
1.5 Design Freeboard.
2.
Preliminary Layout of Proposed Drainage.
3.
Calculation of Minor System Flowrates.

3.1 Design Rainfall Intensities.
3.2 Time of Concentration.
3.3 Runoff Coefficients.
3.4 Sub-area Discharge.
3.5 Partial Area Flows.
4.
Pit Inlets Design.

4.1 Pit Location.
4.2 Analysis of Existing Pits.
4.3 Inlet Design.
5.
Assessment of Major System Flows.
6.
Hydraulic Design.
7.
Design of On-site Stormwater Detention for Urban Developments.
Introduction
When is On-site Stormwater Detention Required?
Design Requirements
8.
Culvert Design
9.
Trunk Drainage Design - General Requirements

Hydrology.
Design Principles.
Hydraulic Analysis.
Regional Retarding Basins/Wetlands.
10.
Computer Applications.
10.1 Commercially Available Programs.
10.2 Parameters for Hydrological Models.
D-3
1. DETERMINE DESIGN RECURRENCE INTERVALS

1.1
PIPED DRAINAGE (MINOR SYSTEM)

Road Drainage (General Longitudinally):
Land Use
A.R.I.
Rural Residential
5 years
Urban Residential (with catchments of 6Ha or less)
5 years
Urban Residential (with catchments larger than 6Ha)
10 years
Commercial
20 years
Industrial
20 years
Road Crossings (With Unobstructed Floodway):
1.2
Hierarchy Classification
A.R.I.
Local/Collector
Sub-Arterial
Arterial
Access to Emergency Facilities
5 years
20 years
100 years
100 years
MAJOR SYSTEM DRAINAGE

A check shall be undertaken to ensure that the 100 years ARI flow rate has a safe
"escape route" when the minor system fails. Major system drainage shall not be
confused with trunk drainage, as explained in the introduction. The "escape route"
shall follow a public pathway or road system, developed as part of the
subdivision/development being created.
1.3
REDEVELOPMENT IN URBAN AREAS

Where a development is proposed at or adjacent to a known flooding problem area,
the piped drainage shall be designed to a minimum of a 20 year Average Recurrence
Interval (ARI), or another appropriate ARI, as directed. Location of problem areas
are defined by Council's Stormwater Surcharge Index. This information can be
obtained from Council's Manager Investigation and Design.
D-4
In these circumstances, a local flood study, in addition to the stormwater drainage

concept plan, may be required to be submitted with the lodgement of the
Development Application. Details may be obtained from Council's Manager
Investigation and Design.
1.4
TRUNK DRAINAGE
All trunk drainage systems shall be designed to a 100 year ARI flow rate for the
Critical Storm, with freeboard requirements as shown in Section 1.5. Major
retention structures should be checked for Half Probable Maximum Flood flows so
that damage, resulting from failure of the structure, does not occur. Refer to
Section 9 of this Manual.
NOTE: Modification of these values will depend on individual cases e.g. Freeboard
may be increased or reduced where waterway area is such that the sensitivity of the
floodway to changes in the flow parameters, is indicative of a corresponding large
or small change in flow depth and velocity; additionally, it may be necessary for a
structure to be checked for a Full Probable Maximum Flood in areas where failure
could significantly increase the danger to life and property.
The extent of "trunk drainage" in a catchment will be defined by areas shown as
"Drainage Reserve" zone 5(a) in the LEP, and/or flood extents mapping as defined
on Council's Geographical Information System.
1.5
DESIGN FREEBOARD
Residential
Drainage System
Trunk Drainage
Creeks and open channels
Overland Flow
Onsite Detention (*)
Road Drainage - Minor Systems
(Gutter & Pipe Flow)
Road Drainage - Major Systems
(Road capacity)
Detention Basins
Industrial/
Commercial
Land
Floor
Level
Level
(#)
Land
Level
(#)
Habitable
Floor
Level
Garage
Floor
Level
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.1 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
N/A
N/A
0.3 m
0.2 m
0.1 m
0.1 m
N/A
N/A
0.3 m
0.2 m
0.15 m below top of grate

See Figure 1.1
0.5 m below top of embankment (100 year ARI)
(*) Refer to Section 7.3 - Design Requirements.

(#) Land level at subdivision stage.
D-5
Land level beyond building setback

shall be at least:
- 0.5 m for residential areas
- 0.3 m for Industrial & Commercial areas
above the 100 year ARI flood level.
drainage
easement
A
FFL
Setback
BDY
300
(min)
ea
Ar
Building
225 (min)
BDY
100 (min)
FFL
overland
flow
piped
flow
ROAD
225 (min)
flow
Piped drainage
easement with
overland flow
Note:
Finished floor levels shall be designed taking into
consideration the most critical water surface level
adjoining the buildings. Generally, this level will be
in line with the upstream most building wall as shown
'X' and 'Y' in the plan.
SECTION
flow
DRAINAGE
100
RESERVE
extent
flood
ARI
year
PLAN
BDY
BDY
RESERVE
0.5 m (minimum) - Residential

0.3 m (minimum) Industrial/Commercial
ROAD
RESERVE
Building Setback
225 (min)
DRAINAGE
B-B
flow
FFL
Major Systems (100 Year ARI)
2000
(max)
4%
FFL
ard)
(stand
200
(max)
4 % (standa
rd)
100 year ARI flood level
Trunk Drainage
Gutter level to be above the
100 year ARI flood level
SECTION
D-6
Minor System
as per Section 1.1
A-A
Gutter Flow
Dg x V < 0.4m/s
Land level beyond building setback

shall be at least:
- 0.5 m for residential areas
- 0.3 m for Industrial & Commercial areas
above the 100 year ARI flood level.
Figure 1.1 - Typical Freeboard Requirements
2. PRELIMINARY LAYOUT OF PROPOSED DRAINAGE
An assessment of the topography will determine the location of proposed drainage paths.
Once the location of a proposed network is defined, trial pit locations should be arranged.
Generally, pits should be spaced with minimal bypass flows. An approximate procedure for
locating pits is detailed in "Technical Note 2" in Book 8 (page 11) of AR&R. The final
design criteria for location of pits is described in Section 4.1 of this Manual.
Catchment areas to each pit shall be determined from contour information and proposed
property boundaries. A site inspection shall always be made to check the contour
information and assess the likelihood of any flow path deviations which may occur as a
consequence of existing or proposed developments. Changes to flow paths can occur as a
result of the construction of fences, retaining walls, buildings etc. after the construction phase
of the subdivision. The impact of these changes shall be considered at the design stage.
Sub-area discharges can be calculated using the procedures detailed in Section 3. Major
system flow paths should be defined at this stage, and analysed according to the procedures
detailed in Section 5.
3. CALCULATION OF MINOR SYSTEM FLOWRATES
3.1
DESIGN RAINFALL INTENSITIES

Rainfall intensities adopted for design are those issued by the Bureau of
Meteorology for Minchinbury, and these shall apply for the Blacktown City Council
Area. A copy of the IFD table (Table 3.0) is on the following page.
3.2
TIMES OF CONCENTRATION
Time of concentration for each sub catchment shall be determined using the
Kinematic Wave Equation, as detailed in Technical Note 3 (Pages 12-13) of Book 8
of AR&R.
The Kinematic Wave equation is very sensitive to slope and the Retardance
Coefficient "n*", these should be estimated carefully. Recommended Retardance
Coefficients are listed below in Table 3.1. (see next page)
D-7
Table 3.1
Surface Retardance Coefficients (n*)
Land Use
Retardance Coefficient
Road/Paved Areas Only

Normal Residential
Medium Density Residential
Industrial/Commercial
Parkland
Open space (Natural Bushland)
Note:
0.01
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.15
0.3
Minimum Tc = 5 mins.
Maximum Tc = 20 mins.
Where Tc is in excess of 14 mins. it is necessary to validate the use of such a Time
in the calculations.
D-8
TABLE 3.0
RAINFALL INTENSITY FREQUENCY DURATION FOR BLACKTOWN NSW
Duration
5.0m
5.5m
6.0m
6.5m
7.0m
7.5m
8.0m
8.5m
9.0m
9.5m
10m
11m
12m
13m
14m
15m
16m
17m
18m
19m
20m
21m
22m
23m
24m
25m
26m
27m
28m
29m
30m
32m
34m
36m
38m
40m
45m
50m
1 Year
(mm/hr)
77
75
72
70
68
66
65
63
62
60
59
57
55
53
51
49.4
47.9
46.5
45.3
44.1
43.0
42.0
41.0
40.1
39.2
38.4
37.7
36.9
36.2
35.6
34.9
33.8
32.7
31.7
30.7
29.9
28.0
26.4
2 Year
(mm/hr)
100
96
93
91
88
86
84
81
80
78
76
73
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
57
55
54
53
52
51
49.5
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.8
45.0
43.4
42.0
40.8
39.6
38.5
36.0
33.9
Average Recurrence Interval

5 Year
10 Year 20 Year
(mm/hr) (mm/hr) (mm/hr)
129
146
168
124
141
162
120
136
157
117
132
152
114
128
148
111
125
144
108
122
140
105
119
137
103
116
134
100
114
131
98
111
128
94
107
123
91
103
118
88
99
114
85
96
110
82
93
107
79
90
103
77
87
100
75
85
98
73
83
95
71
81
93
70
79
90
68
77
88
66
75
86
65
73
84
64
72
83
62
70
81
61
69
79
60
68
78
59
66
76
58
65
75
56
63
72
54
61
70
52
59
68
51
57
66
49.4
56
64
46.2
52
60
43.5
49.1
56
D-9
50 Year
(mm/hr)
197
190
184
179
174
169
165
161
157
154
150
144
139
134
129
125
121
118
115
111
109
106
104
101
99
97
95
93
91
90
88
85
82
80
77
75
70
66
100 Year
(mm/hr)
219
212
205
199
194
188
184
179
175
171
167
160
154
149
144
139
135
131
127
124
121
118
115
112
110
108
105
103
101
99
98
94
91
88
86
83
78
73
Table 3.0 Continued
55m
60m
75m
90m
105m
120m
135m
150m
165m
180m
195m
210m
225m
240m
270m
5h
6h
7h
8h
9h
10h
11h
12h
14h
16h
18h
20h
22h
24h
30h
36h
42h
48h
54h
60h
66h
72h
25.0
23.8
20.8
18.6
16.9
15.6
14.5
13.6
12.8
12.1
11.5
11.0
10.5
10.1
9.41
8.81
7.86
7.14
6.57
6.11
5.72
5.39
5.11
4.63
4.25
3.94
3.68
3.46
3.27
2.82
2.49
2.24
2.04
1.87
1.73
1.61
1.50
32.1
30.6
26.7
23.9
21.8
20.1
18.6
17.5
16.5
15.6
14.8
14.2
13.6
13.0
12.1
11.3
10.1
9.19
8.46
7.86
7.36
6.94
6.58
5.97
5.48
5.09
4.76
4.48
4.23
3.66
3.24
2.92
2.66
2.44
2.26
2.10
1.97
41.2
39.2
34.3
30.7
27.9
25.7
23.9
22.4
21.1
20.0
19.0
18.2
17.4
16.7
15.5
14.6
13.0
11.8
10.9
10.1
9.46
8.92
8.45
7.70
7.10
6.61
6.20
5.84
5.54
4.81
4.28
3.87
3.54
3.26
3.03
2.83
2.65
46.4
44.1
38.6
34.6
31.5
29.0
27.0
25.3
23.8
22.6
21.5
20.5
19.6
18.9
17.5
16.4
14.7
13.3
12.3
11.4
10.7
10.1
9.54
8.71
8.04
7.50
7.04
6.65
6.31
5.50
4.91
4.45
4.07
3.76
3.50
3.27
3.07
53
51
44.4
39.8
36.2
33.4
31.0
29.1
27.4
26.0
24.7
23.6
22.6
21.7
20.2
18.6
16.9
15.3
14.1
13.1
12.3
11.6
11.0
10.0
9.29
8.67
8.15
7.70
7.31
6.39
5.72
5.19
4.76
4.40
4.10
3.84
3.61
62
59
52
46.6
42.4
39.0
36.3
34.0
32.1
30.4
28.9
27.6
26.4
25.4
23.6
22.1
19.8
18.0
16.5
15.4
14.4
13.6
12.9
11.8
10.9
10.2
9.61
9.09
8.64
7.58
6.79
6.17
5.68
5.26
4.91
4.60
4.33
69
66
58
52
47.1
43.4
40.3
37.8
35.6
33.8
32.1
30.7
29.4
28.2
26.2
24.6
21.9
19.9
18.4
17.1
16.0
15.1
14.3
13.1
12.2
11.4
10.7
10.2
9.66
8.46
7.62
6.94
6.38
5.92
5.53
5.19
4.89
The rainfall intensities shown above are calculated in accordance with Chapter 2, Australian
Rainfall and Runoff - 1987 Edition.
Blacktown, NSW: 33.8 South 150.825 East
February 2005
D - 10
AUS-IFD
Ver 2.0, 2001
3.3
RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS
Runoff Coefficients "C" shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.5.5(iii)
(pages 18-19) of Book 8 of AR&R. The following equations apply for
Blacktown:
Cy = Fy x C10
where:
C10 = 0.9 x f + 0.36068 x (1 - f)
These parameters are defined below:

Cy : Runoff Coefficient for recurrence interval "y" (years)
C10: 10 year ARI Runoff Coefficient
Fy : Frequency Factor - See Table 3.2
f : Fraction Impervious - See Table 3.3
Runoff coefficients shall be estimated separately for each land use, see Table 3.3.
Table 3.4 is a quick reference table giving runoff coefficients in Blacktown for
the land uses listed in Table 3.3.
NOTE: Refer to Section 10.2 for coefficients to be used in computer analysis
using DRAINS or RAFTS-XP Models.
Past experience and information from DIPNR suggests that major flooding in
Blacktown occurs part way through a much longer storm event. Thus the
catchment is already saturated and the Loss Rates are negligible.
Table 3.2
Frequency Factors for Runoff Coefficients
Recurrence Intervals
Fy
1
2
5
10
20
50
100
0.80
0.85
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.15
1.20
D - 11
Table 3.3
Fraction Impervious for Runoff Coefficients
Land Use
Public Recreation Areas

Older Residential Lot Only
Older Residential Lot Incl. Half Road
New Residential Lot Only
New Residential Lot incl. Half Road
Medium Density Residential Lot (villas etc)
Half Width Road Reserve
Industrial Areas/Commercial Areas
0.50
0.75
0.80
0.80
0.85
0.85
0.95
1.00
Table 3.4
Quick Reference Table
Runoff Coefficients (Cy) for Blacktown
Land Use
Older Residential Lot Only

Older Residential incl. Half Road
New Residential Lot Only
New Residential Lot incl. Half Road
Half Width Road Reserve
Medium Density Residential Lot
Industrial/Commercial Areas
Public Recreation Areas
Recurrence Interval
10
20
100
0.73
0.76
0.76
0.78
0.83
0.78
0.86
0.61
0.77
0.79
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.82
0.90
0.63
0.90
0.95
0.95
0.98
1.0
0.97
1.0
0.72
D - 12
0.80
0.83
0.83
0.86
0.92
0.86
0.95
0.65
3.4
SUB-AREA DISCHARGE
Discharge for each sub catchment may be calculated using the Rational Method
formula:
Q = C x I x A/0.36
(l/s)
"Hydrological Design Sheet 1" (A copy is on the following page) sets out the
preferred format for these calculations. Technical Note 6 (page 24) of Book 8 of
AR&R details a worked example for these calculations. The following points should
be noted:
*
The rainfall intensity adopted (column 8) is for the total flow time,
A "C" valve (column 9) and sub area (column 10) is calculated for each land use
type, and
The discharge for the subcatchment (column 13) is calculated by summing the
CA's (column 12) and multiplying by (I/0.36).
"Hydrological Design Sheet 2" (copy attached) can then be used to calculate the flows
along each reach of the pipe system. Where calculations are proposed to be presented
as a computer hardcopy, it shall be necessary to obtain approval from Council's
Engineer prior to doing so. Hand calculations shall be submitted in the format shown
on the enclosed Sheets.
3.5
PARTIAL AREA FLOWS

In urban catchments, it is probable that a greater flow rate may be obtained by
applying the Rational Method to a lower part of the catchment with a time of
concentration less than the full area travel time. These partial area effects commonly
occur when large paved areas are directly connected to the pipe inlet, and the
subcatchment discharge is based on a larger pervious area. Similarly, partial area
effects can also occur, where a large open space catchment contributes to an urban
catchment, with a Time of Concentration substantially different to the urban
catchment.
In areas where this may be critical, such as industrial or high density residential
development, a partial area check, based on times of concentration of impervious areas
directly connected to the pipe system, is necessary. However, for routine urban
drainage design this may not be appropriate.
D - 13
HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN SHEET 1
PIPED URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE
Sheet of
Job . Reference ..
(1)
Pit
(2)
Land
Use
Type
(3)
Flow
Length
(m)
(4)
Slope
(m/m)
(5)
'n'
(6)
Time
(min)
(7)
Total
Time
(min)
(8)
Intensity
1
(mm/h)
(9)
Runoff
Coeff.
C
FLOW TIMES
(10)
Area
A
(ha)
(11)
CA
(ha)
[9]x[10]
(12)
CA
(ha)
(13)
Q=CIA
(l/s)
[8]x[12]
/0.36
(14)
Bypass
Flow
(l/s)
from
Pit( )
(15)
Adopted
Flow
rate (l/s)
[13]+[14]
(16)
Gutter
Slope
(m/m)
(17)
Flow
Width
(m)
(18)
Inlet
Type
PIT INLET
D - 14
(19)
Inflow
(l/a)
(20)
Bypass
Flow
(l/s) to
Pit ( )
(21)
Remarks

Job . Reference .
(1)
Pipe
(2)
Time
to
(min)
(3)
Intensity
I
(mm/h)
(4)
CA
(ha)
FULL AREA
(5)
Q=
CIA
(l/s)
[3]x[4]
/0.36
(6)
Time
to
(min)
(7)
Intensity
I
(mm/h)
(8)
CA
(ha)
(9)
Q=CIA
(l/s)
[7]x[8]
/0.36
(10)
Adopted
Flow Rate
(l/s)
Greater
of [5] &[9]
(11)
Remarks
PARTIAL AREA
Designer Date . Checked
D - 15
4. PIT INLET DESIGN

4.1
PIT LOCATION
The following criteria governs the location of pits in roadways, for the design average
recurrence interval:
(i) Flow width shall not exceed 2.0m.
(ii) Gutter flows shall at no point overtop the kerb.
(iii) Velocity x depth shall not exceed 0.4 (5 year ARI)
(iv) Bypass from any pit on grade shall not exceed 15% of the total gutter flow at the
pit (Full Capture Desirable).
(v) Maximum spacing between directly connected pits shall not exceed 80m.
(vi) Where flows in the gutter are >= 20 l/s and /or >= 1m in width adjacent to the
upstream Kerb Return Tangent Point, these flows shall be intercepted with a Kerb
Inlet Pit.
Technical Note 4 (pages 16-17) of Book 8 of AR&R details a method for calculating
gutter and road flows.
4.2
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING PIT INLETS

Most existing grates within the city area are Durham (DMR A190) type grates with
bars parallel to the kerb. In some circumstances these pit configurations have less
capacity than the welded steel ("Weldlok") type grates. Any analysis of existing
drainage systems shall therefore account for inlet capacities appropriate to the type of
grate/inlet configuration.
4.3
INLET DESIGN
Once the sub catchment flows are known, pit inlets can be designed in accordance
with the charts contained on the following pages. All new pit inlets shall be
constructed using welded steel ("Weldlok") type or equivalent grates with appropriate
skirts. On grade, percentage capture by grates is mainly dependent on lintel size, tests
show that the two types of grates mentioned above have similar performance
characteristics on grade when in combination with a lintel. The charts for the sag
inlets are based on tests conducted by the RTA N.S.W., Water Research Laboratory
and the West Australian Institute of Technology (see Ref. 6, 10 & 14) and incorporate
the following blockage factors:
(a)
10% reduction in capacity for clogging of the kerb inlet.
(b)
30% reduction in capacity for clogging of the grating.
Alternatively inlet capacities can be calculated from first principles using formulas as
detailed in Section 1.5.4(iii), Book 8 (page 15) of AR&R. If using these formulae, the
D - 16
blocking factors adopted on the previous page, shall be applied. Where it is proposed
to use a grate not conforming to these requirements, it is necessary to submit a detailed
investigation from an accredited laboratory establishing the performance of the grate
prior to it being accepted or rejected by Council.
Hand calculations for the design of pit inlets shall be tabulated on "Hydrological
Design Sheet 1" (column 16 to 20). Computer analyses shall conform to the inlet
capacities graphed on Figs. 4.1 to 4.5, unless prior approval has been received from
Council's Development Services Engineer.
Sag pits shall be designed based on a depth of ponding, up to the top of the kerb.
Ponding depths can be calculated using design charts, Figures 4.2 - 4.5 of this Manual.
Lintel sizes shall be commensurate with inflow requirements.
A nominal internal lintel size of 0.9m shall be placed on junction pits along kerb and
gutter in public roads. The minimum nominal internal lintel size for grated gully pits
in public roads shall be 1.8m, unless the pit's main function is to facilitate a change in
direction or grade of the stormwater pipe, in which case the nominal internal lintel size
may be reduced to 1.2m. The minimum nominal internal lintel size for grated gully
pits in "sags" shall be 2.4m.
D - 17
5. ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR SYSTEM FLOWS

Many of the flooding problems in older areas of Blacktown have occurred, due to inadequate
provision of overland flow paths. Thus, all urban drainage designs shall incorporate an
assessment of major system flows. The aim of this check is to ensure that a safe and
adequate "Escape route" is achieved for storm events above that of the pipe system design.
This route should be a properly sized over-land flow path preferably along a road and
pathway system.
The Rational Method may be used to estimate major system flows for critical points in the
drainage system. An ARI of 100 years shall be used for this and the difference between the
minor system flow and the 100 year ARI flow shall be the basis upon which the major system
flow path shall be designed.
The roads and pathways will generally form the flow path by which the major system flows
are routed, either to the Trunk Drainage system or to a lowpoint with sufficient hydraulic
capacity to capture the flows. Special consideration shall be given to Trapped Lowpoints
where the overland flowpath may divert surcharge into properties. This is especially
important when designing "Downhill" cul-de-sac and Kerb returns adjacent to a sag vertical
curve. In the former case the overland flow path shall incorporate a depressed pathway with
reverse crossfall in the footway. In the latter case consideration shall be given to grading the
Kerb Return such that water flows around the Return and away before it breaks over the top
of kerb at the lowpoint. Table 5.1 overpage gives approximate capacities of full width
carriageways based on the following criteria:
(i)
Velocity x Depth <=1.0
(ii)
Flow depth equivalent to top of kerb.
If the roadway capacity is inadequate, an estimate shall be made of the capacity of the pipe
system under major flow conditions. Pit capacities shall be calculated using the appropriate
blocking factors, and pipe capacities estimated with trial diameters and head levels no greater
than 150mm below the surface levels / invert of kerb (applicable up to the design ARI for the
respective pipeline reach).
The major flows must have an overland flow path such that all floor levels have
minimum freeboards in accordance with Section 1.5 of this Manual. The freeboard
requirement may be varied on consideration of the sensitivity of the floodway
parameters to the flows. Subject to approval by the Manager Investigation and Design.
D - 23
TABLE 5.1
CARRIAGEWAY CAPACITIES (m3/s)
Carriageway with Standard Barrier Kerb Profile
Longitudinal
Slope
%
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Carriageway Width (m)

5
0.64
0.90
1.27
1.56
1.80
2.02
2.21
2.38
2.55
2.70
2.85
5.5
0.68
0.97
1.37
1.68
1.94
2.17
2.37
2.56
2.74
2.91
3.06
6.5
0.76
1.08
1.53
1.87
2.16
2.42
2.65
2.86
3.06
3.24
3.42
7.5
0.82
1.16
1.64
2.01
2.33
2.60
2.85
3.08
3.29
3.49
3.68
8
0.84
1.19
1.69
2.07
2.39
2.67
2.92
3.16
3.37
3.58
3.77
9
0.87
1.23
1.74
2.13
2.46
2.75
3.01
3.25
3.48
3.69
3.89
10.3
0.87
1.23
1.75
2.14
2.47
2.76
3.02
3.27
3.49
3.70
3.91
11
0.86
1.22
1.72
2.11
2.44
2.73
2.99
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.85
13.5
0.42
0.60
0.85
1.04
1.20
1.34
1.47
1.58
1.69
1.80
1.89
15.5
0.42
0.60
0.85
1.04
1.20
1.34
1.47
1.58
1.69
1.80
1.89
11
1.27
1.80
2.54
3.11
3.59
4.01
4.40
4.75
5.08
5.39
5.68
13.5
0.62
0.87
1.23
1.51
1.74
1.95
2.13
2.31
2.46
2.61
2.76
15.5
0.62
0.87
1.23
1.51
1.74
1.95
2.13
2.31
2.46
2.61
2.76
Carriageway with Roll Kerb Profile

Longitudinal
Slope
%
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Carriageway Width (m)

5
0.85
1.20
1.69
2.08
2.40
2.68
2.94
3.17
3.39
3.59
3.79
5.5
0.91
1.29
1.83
2.24
2.58
2.89
3.16
3.42
3.65
3.87
4.08
6.5
1.03
1.45
2.06
2.52
2.91
3.25
3.56
3.85
4.11
4.36
4.60
7.5
1.12
1.59
2.24
2.75
3.17
3.55
3.88
4.20
4.48
4.76
5.01
8
1.16
1.64
2.32
2.84
3.28
3.67
4.02
4.34
4.64
4.92
5.18
9
1.22
1.72
2.44
2.98
3.45
3.85
4.22
4.56
4.87
5.17
5.45
10.3
1.26
1.78
2.52
3.09
3.57
3.99
4.37
4.72
5.05
5.35
5.64
Maximum flow depth = 200mm

Velocity Depth relationship V.dg < 1.0.
Manning's n: Pavement = 0.014; Gutter = 0.012; Footway = 0.025.
Carriageway crossfall = 3%; Footway crossfall = 4%
Shaded figures indicate half road capacity only.
Linear interpolation may be used for other longitudinal carriageway slopes
Capacities based on profile for Major systems shown on Section A-A, Figure
1.1, Section 1.5 of this Manual.
Technical Note 6 Book 8 (page 28) of AR&R details a procedure for checking major system
flows. A copy of "Hydrological Design Sheet 3", the preferred format for checking major
systems, is on the following page.
D - 24
Sheet of
Job . Reference ..
(1)
Location
(2)
Land
Use
Type
(3)
Flow
Length
(m)
(4)
Slope
(m/m)
(5)
'n'
(6)
Time
(min)
(7)
Total
Time
(min)
(8)
Intensity
1
(mm/h)
(9)
Runoff
Coeff.
C
(10)
Area
A
(ha)
(11)
CA
(ha)
[9]x[10]
(12)
CA
(ha)
(13)
Q=CIA
(l/s)
[8]x[12]
/0.36
(14)
Cumulative Pit
Capacities
(l/s)
(15)
Downstream Pipe
Capacity
(l/s)
(16)
Road Flowrate
[13]- lesser of
[14]&[15}
(l/s)
(17)
Road
Capacity
Check
(21)
Remarks
FLOW TIMES
Designer Date . Checked
D - 25
6. HYDRAULIC DESIGN
The Hydraulic Grade Line method shall be used for pipeline design. It is not the purpose of
this document to give a detailed explanation of the method, but important points are
mentioned below:
(i)
Recommend Pipe Friction Coefficients:
Pipe
Material
Mannings
"n"
SRCP
FRC
UPVC
0.012
0.011
0.01
Colebrook-White
"k"
0.6 *
0.3
0.015
* Chart on following page

(ii)
Tailwater levels:
The tailwater to be adopted will depend on the outflow conditions. Where determination of a
tailwater level is in doubt, it shall be necessary to confirm the value with Council's Manager
Investigation and Design.
*
*
*
*
*
For free outfalls, adopt the pipe obvert,

For discharge into receiving waters, adopt a tailwater equivalent to the design ARI
flood level,
For discharge into existing systems where the hydraulic grade levels are unknown,
adopt a tailwater 150mm below the natural surface/invert of kerb,
For discharge to kerb and gutter, adopt top of kerb level, and
For discharge into a point designed to surcharge, adopt a tailwater level equivalent to
the height of surcharge.
(iii) Pit loss factors:

*
Pit loss factors (k) shall be calculated using the Tables from ARRB SR 34, 1986
(Tables 6.5 and 6.6); a copy of these are on the following pages. Where the pit
configuration is not covered by these tables, the Missouri Charts or Hare Charts should
be used. (Refer to reference (1), (6), (7)),
The top pit in the system must have sufficient depth to generate sufficient head to
charge the pipe. This can be calculated by using co-efficients derived from the
Missouri Charts. The k value of 4.5 should not automatically be assigned to all starter
pits but each pit shall be assessed on its merits, and
D - 26
Discharge and velocity graph
Colebrook-White formula k = 0.60mm

For circular pipes running full but not under head.
Engineering Guide For Development - 2005
Computed by:
DISHARGE Q, l/s
HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS
D-27
Figures 6.1
Pit Loss factors for drop pits shall be calculated in accordance with the charts
previously mentioned. An allowance shall be made relative to the drop through
the pit. When the obvert of the outlet pipe is at or greater than Do/4, below the
invert of the upstream pipe, the inflow shall be regarded as grate flow. That is,
when the obvert of the outlet pipe is 1/4 of its diameter or greater, below the
invert of the upstream pipe then the pipe loss factor (k) shall be no less than 4.5.
Intermediate cases may be determined by linear interpolation of pit loss factor
(k) up to 4.5. Because of the high losses in these pits, it may be preferable to
design a mitre bend or a steeper section of pipe.
Where pipe grades are in excess of 15%, Concrete Thrust Blocks shall be placed at every
third collar. Pipe grades >20% are NOT permitted, except where approved by Council in
special unavoidable circumstances.
Desirable Full Flow Pipe Velocity shall fall between 0.6m/s and 6.0m/s.
(iv) Inlet Efficiency:

An allowance of 150mm shall be adopted below the lowest point of the pit inlet/kerb invert,
to allow such inlets to act efficiently. Where this cannot be achieved it will be necessary to
obtain the concurrence of Council before proceeding.
(v)
Pipes Operating Under Head:
Where a pipe section is operating under 500mm or more of head (above pipe obvert) that
Section shall be constructed using pipes without lifting holes.
(vi) Hydraulic Grade Line Design
Technical Note 9 Book 8 (pages 42-45) of AR&R detail the recommended procedures for
Hydraulic Grade Line calculations (HGL). A copy of the "Hydraulic Design Sheet" is
attached and this shall be used for manual calculations. Computer analyses will be accepted
where prior approval from Council's Engineer has been received. The HGL shall be checked
using the Hydraulic Checking Sheet (copy enclosed) and the Water Levels so determined
plotted on the pipeline Longitudinal Sections.
D - 28
ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT-2005
Piped Urban Stormwater Drainage
HYDRAULIC DESIGN SHEET

Sheet
Reference
Job
[1]
[2]
Pipe Length
L
(m)
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
Design
Flow
Rate
Q (l/s)
Trial
Pipe
Diameter
(m)
Full
Pipe
Vel.
V
(m/s)
V2
2g
(m)
[7]
[8]
[9]
Pit
U/S
U/S
Pit
Pressure
Surface
Water
Change
Level
Level
Limit *
(m)
Coeff.
(m)
AHD
Ku or Kw
[10]
[11]
k.V2
2g
(m)
[9]x[6]
HGL at
U/S
Pit
(m)
[8]-[10]
[12]
[13]
HGL
Pipe
Slope Sf Friction
(m/m) Loss Sf.L
[12]x[2]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
Pit D/S
Pit Hydraulic
Cover
U/S
HGL at D/S
D/S
Surface
Water
[11]-[14] [7]-Cover, Pipe [23]Pit
Level
Level
Wall
Drop
(m)
(m)
Limit**
thickness
AHD
AHD
(m)
[11]-[13]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
Adopted
Lowest
of
[17],[18]
and [19]
Hydraulic
[16]-[4]
Cover
[15]Cover
Adopted
Lowest
of [21]
and [22]
Pipe
Slope
Sf
[20]-[23]
[2]
Remarks
U/S Invert Levels (m)
* Lower of :[7] - freeboard

or lowest HGL level in [14] for pipes entering U/S pit.
Designer
** Lower of : [14]
or [15] - freeboard
D-29
of
U/S Invert Levels (m)
Date
Checked
HYDROLOGICAL CHECKING SHEET

Job . Reference .
(1)
Pipe
(2)
Length
L
(m)
(3)
Design
FlowRate
Q
(l/s)
(4)
Pipe
Diameter
(m)
(5)
Full
Pipe
Vel.
V
(m/s)
(6)
V2
2g
(m)
(7)
D/S
HGL
Level
(m)
AHD
(8)
Pipe
Friction
Loss
SL
(m)
* (higher of [9] and [10] +[12])
D - 30
(9)
HGL
just
below
U/S Pit
(m)
[7]+[8]
(10)
Obvert
Level
At Upper
End of
Pipe
(m)
(11)
Pit
Pressure
Change
Coeffs.
K
Or K
(12)
K.V2
2g
(m)
[11]x[6]
(13)
Adopted
U/S Pit
Water
(or HGL)
Level*
(m)
(14)
U/S
Surface
Level
(m)
AHD
Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchment

Table 6.5
Approximate Values for Coefficient Kw
Pipes Concurrent or at Right angles
1.
2. Junction Pits without Gutter Flow
Introduction
Figure (a) represents a general, simple junction pit layout

with upstream, lateral and grating inflows. Qu, Q1 and
Qg respectively.
By assigning values to these parameters all possible
simple junction pit configurations can be described.
Figure (b) is an elevation section through the pit taken
along the alignment of its discharge pipe, diameter Do.
The Kw values listed are based on the findings of
Sangster et al (1958) known as 'Missouri charts'.
de Groot and Boyd (1983). Black and Piggott (1983).
Code
Description
Qu
Ql
Qg
J-1
Junction pit
on through
pipeline, i.e.
Qu Qo
Junction pit
on through
pipe
with
lateral(s)
u
l
Q >Q
Qu Ql
Qu < Ql
Junction pit
on 'L' pipe
junction, i.e.
Qu - Q
Junction pit
on 'T' pipe
junction i.e.
Qo - O
Opposed
laterals
Offset
laterals
Qo
Kw
0.2
Qo
Qo/2
Some
Qo
some
Qu/2
Qo
Qo
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
Qo
Qo
2.5
2.0
J-2A
J-2B
J-2C
J-3
J-3A
J-3B
3. Inlet/Junction Pits with Gutter Flow

Code
Description
1-1
Inlet pipe
with single
pipe
outflow
inlet on
through
pipeline
. Qu Qg
. Qu Qo
inlet on
through
pipe with
lateral(s)
.Qu > Qo
.Qu > Ql
.Qu Ql
.Qu < Ql
.Qu < Ql
Inlet on 'L'
pipe
junction
i.e. Qu O
Inlet on "T"
pipe
junction i.e.
Qu O
. opposed
laterals
. offset
laterals
1-2A
1-2B
1-3A
1-3B
1-3C
1-3D
1-3E
1-4
1-5A
1-5B
4. Part-Full Outflow from Junction Pits
Qu
Ql
Qg
Qo
Kw
=
4.0
Qo/2
Qo
Qo/2
some
2.0
0.5
Qo
Qo/2
Qo/2
some
some
-
some
some
Qo/2
Qo
Qo/2
Qo
Qo
Qo
some
Qo/2
some
some
Qo/2
some
some
some
0.5
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
Situations frequently arise, particularly in upper-basin

catchments of moderate/steep grade, where pipes operate
part-full. Water level build-up in pits supplying these
pipes, is, typically above obvert level (see sketch).
Bannigan and Morgan (1981) have suggested for such
situations that the hydraulic grade line be set at (discharge)
pipe obvert level and the height, hw, fixed in the same
manner as other cases considered in Tables 6.5 and 6.6.
The value of Vo required in the calculation of hw is given
by Vo = Qo /Ao where Ao is discharge pipe full area.
No experimental or field validation of this has to date been
presented. Results of a pilot study carried out at S.A.
Institute of Technology show water level build-up can be
significantly recommended that the Bannigan and Morgan
approach be adopted with hw fixed by:
hw = 1.5 kw V2o
2g
The results of current research will in time yield a more
accurate relationship.
D - 31
Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchment

Table 6.6
Approximate Values for Coefficient K
Pipes Concurrent or at Right angles
1. Junction Pit with Single Entry/exit Pipes
Hare's (1983) research on the hydraulics of single
entre/exit pits with pipes neither concurrent nor meeting
at 90 degrees, shows that the pit water level headloss
coefficient, Kw, which should be applied to the hydraulic
grade line at these structures independent on two main
factors:
(i)
the location of the entry pipe centreline

(produced) intersection with pit walls: and
(ii)
the magnitude of gutter flow, Qg.
For deviation angle.
Internal shaping 'Benching" of pits to provide a curved

channel D/2 deep between entry and exit pipes (see
sketch) can reduce Kw values obtained in
>45 situations from 2.5 ti about 1.5 (Archer et al 1978).
It appears to make no significant improvement in
>45 situations. Smaller findings are reported in Dick
and Marsalek (1985).
< 45 :
Examples
2.
For deviation angle.
Drop Junction Pits
It is often necessary in steep terrain or when an existing

service (water main, electricity cable, etc.) must be
avoided to construct junction pit entry and exit pipes at
significantly different levels. Unpublished research by
Black and Piggot (QIT) and Logan City Council (1983)
suggests the following values for the pit water level
headloss coefficient Kw:
>45 :
Examples:
<45
situation:
rectangular pits Kw = 2.0:
circular pits,
Kw = 1.5
>45
Kw values recommended are:

<45
>45 :
rectangular pits. Kw = 2.5

circular pits
Kw = 2.0
- Kw = 0.5 for Qg = 0 or small quantity:

Kw = 1.5 for Qg
Qo/2
- Kw = 2.5 (with or without gutter flow)
Research suggests that hydraulic shaping of pits to assist

the passage of flow from entry to exit can be effective.
Pit dimensions small pits, generally result in smaller
headlosses than large pits.
Circular pits results of unpublished research by R.G.
Black and T.L. Piggot of Queensland Institute of
Technology, when compared with the results of Hare
(1983), show marginally improved performance for
circular pits in situations which would otherwise, i.e.
using rectangular pits, fall into the cases considered
above.
situations:
D - 32
Use of these values of Kw is restricted to installations in

which both pipe obverts (entry and exit) are submerged
under design flow conditions AND there is no gutter
flow. It is considered unlikely that gutter flow, if present
will affect the listed values of Kw but this is presently
unresearched.
Some designers prefer to break vertical alignment and
introduce a short length of steeply sloping pipe (slope,
say, 1 vertical to 4 horizontal), if necessary, in preference
to using a drop pit. They argue that the headloss thus
introduced, although unknown, must be less than that
occurring at a drop pit. Designers following this practice
are entitled to use slightly reduced values for Kw.
8.
CULVERT DESIGN
Culverts shall be designed in accordance with culvert hydraulics theory i.e. the culvert
capacity is determined by the flow conditions, depending on whether inlet control or outlet
control governs.
Recommended design procedures are contained in Section 3 of the Concrete Pipe Association
of Australia's publication: "Hydraulics of Precast Concrete Conduits - Hydraulic Design
Manual". A suggested tabulation of the design calculations is contained on the following
page.
There a number of Computer programmes available for the design of culverts. Council's
Engineer should be consulted regarding the suitability of individual programmes
D - 34
Culvert Type . Job No. ...

Location ..
Parameter
Q
m3/s
Q/cell m3/s
Com.
Q1
Q2
Q5
Q10
Q20
Q50
Q100
Comments
Q/B m3/s.m
HW/D
m
Hwi
m
A
m2
A
R=W P m
Equiv. 4xR
S
m/m
V.full m/s
Q.full m3/s
Q/Qf m3/s
Y/D
m
y
m
V/Vf
V.outlet m/s
Dc critical d.
Fig. 3.3 or 3.4
R.C.P.=Q/(g.D2.5)0.5
Fig.1.8 to 1.11
Vf x A
Fig.1.12 or 1.13
Depth of flow
Fig.1.12 or 1.13
Vf x V/Vf
Fig.1.14 of 1.15
R.C.B.C. 4.67 (Q/B)2/3
(dc+D)/2
TW
m
L
m
L1
m
H
m
LxS
m
HWo
m
Hwi>Hwo?
U/S I.L.
Est. from D/S data

Fig.3.5 or 3.6
" " " "
Friction loss
(TW:dc2+D)+ H-LS
Control: Y=inlet N=Outlet
Design by Checked
Approved Date
Datum Plan No. .
Culvert Control Check. Concrete Pipe Association of Aust. Hydraulic Design Manual.
D - 35
9.
TRUNK DRAINAGE DESIGN - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Release areas or very large infill developments will require the design of trunk drainage
infrastructure. Council's basic philosophy is that natural creek lines and watercourses must
remain largely intact and continue to function as viable ecological systems. Where the
existing riparian environments are largely degraded, Council expects that the trunk drainage
design will address this issue and restore ecological and habitat systems to mimic the natural
condition of Western Sydney creek lines as closely as is practicable.
Council recognises that urbanisation of natural or rural developed catchments will inevitably
alter creek hydrologic and geomorphologic regimes. However, the design of any trunk
drainage system must recognise and address these constraints whilst proposing
solutions/designs that integrate with Water Sensitive Urban Design principles and mimic
natural flow regimes and restore/enhance/maintain the existing riparian environment and
floodplain.
The following information is for general guidance only and does not in any way constitute
the only acceptable approach for trunk drainage design. Council is primarily interested in
superior aesthetic, environmental and recreational outcomes for riparian corridors, which are
a very valuable community resource. Leading edge or innovative trunk drainage design
strategies will be assessed on their merits.
Further information and more detailed technical advice and assistance may be obtained
by contacting Council's Manager - Investigation and Design.
9.1 HYDROLOGY
Flow hydrographs are to be generated by use of an appropriate runoff routing computer
model such as RAFTS-XP, Council's preferred, or other approved equivalent models.
Urbanised peak flow rates in particular and general shape, timing and volume of hydrographs
are to match those for the undeveloped natural catchment as closely as possible for all storm
events. The more frequent creek 'bank full' events such as the 1-2yr ARI storms in particular
must address this requirement. Strategies to achieve such a result may include drainage
swales/bio-swales, rainwater tanks and other stormwater harvesting techniques, OSD and
regional retardation basins and wetlands.
9.2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A low maintenance, naturalised, landscaped watercourse and floodplain is Council's
preferred outcome. Hard engineering structures are to be avoided wherever possible in
favour of more natural rock walls, riprap scour protection etc. However, rock outcrops are
not common along Western Sydney creek lines and are only to be used where potential or
existing scouring of creek beds and banks require such measures. Suitable select sandstone is
preferred to igneous rock such as granite, basalt, dolerite etc. and interlocking loose packed
rock walls and riprap is preferred over gabion or mattress type structures. Bridges are
preferred to RCBC's at road crossings and must facilitate the movement of fauna and provide
D - 36
for fish passage where appropriate. Landscaping must reflect indigenous flora representative
of the natural riparian environment of Western Sydney creek lines. The design should aim to
achieve a slow moving, steady flow regime to minimise scouring potential and maximise
safety outcomes. Rock drop structures, incorporating low flow riffle zones, and dense
(increasing floodplain roughness) riparian plantings may help achieve these outcomes on
steeper sections of some watercourses.
9.3
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS
The floodplain of all natural or constructed watercourses must be hydraulically analysed

using appropriate software such as HEC-RAS or MIKE 11. Flood levels and extents for the
5yr, 20yr, 100yr ARI events and the PMF are to be provided in a digital format suitable for
importation to Council's GIS. Model input data files in electronic format must be provided to
Council for checking and future reference.
9.4
REGIONAL RETARDING BASIN/WETLANDS
On-line retarding basins and/or wetlands are to be avoided whenever possible. Council's
philosophy is that retarding basins, wherever possible, should incorporate a landscaped
wetland, designed with water quality improvements as a primary objective. Grass lined,
generally trapezoidal basins with low flow pipe systems and little landscaping will not be
approved. Basins/wetlands should be designed as a community passive recreational facility
as well as providing an essential flow retarding function. Where saline soils are identified as
a development issue, strategies to minimise the impacts a wetland may have on water tables
or movement of saline groundwater must be explored. This may include, but not limited to,
lining of wetlands or restrictions on cut-fill of the proposed urbanised catchment.
Spillways of basins shall be designed to safely pass extreme storm events without structural
failure of the embankment. Landscape plans must not include placement of deep-rooted trees
or shrubs where roots may promote piping or structural failure of engineered embankments,
should they be uprooted during major storm events. The basin design must be subject to a
detailed risk assessment, for all events up to and including the PMF, where the downstream
floodplain is urbanised. The risk assessment must include an assumption of catastrophic
structural failure; i.e. a dam break scenario.
D - 37
10.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
10.1
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PROGRAMS

Council encourages the use of computer models by Professional Civil Engineers for
drainage design. Data input and output files of any program used shall be submitted in
electronic format to Council. Council's Asset design Services Section is familiar with
the following commercially available programs and recommends their use subject to the
comments below. Should Consultants wish to use a program not listed below, then all
costs incurred by Council, associated with the independent assessment of the submitted
drainage modelling, are to be borne by the applicant who is required to make satisfactory
prior arrangements with Council for the payment of all expenses incurred by Council in
its assessment of the drainage submission
*
DRAINS: Hydrologic and Hydraulic Urban Catchment model derived from

ILSAX.
XP-STORM: Hydrologic and hydraulic urban catchment model.
MIKE-11: One dimensional unsteady flow calculation for river/floodplain

modelling.
RAFTS: Runoff routing model for trunk drainage and retention basin design.
Flow rates should be checked against those calculated by other methods.
TUFLOW: Two dimensional hydrodynamic flood model
.
*
HEC-RAS: 1-D Steady/unsteady flow calculations.

channel design and floodplain modelling.
MUSIC: Water quality conceptualisation model
D - 38
To be used in open
10.2
PARAMETERS FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELS
Parameter
Description
Value
Unit
Ilsax or Drains Models

Model
AMC
AMC
AMC
Model for Design and Analysis run
Rational
Method
Rational Method Procedure

Soil Type - Normal
Paved (Impervious) Area Depression Storage
Supplementary Area Depression Storage
Grassed (Pervious) Area Depression Storage
Antecedent Moisture Condition (ARI = 1-5 years)
Sag Pit Blocking Factor (Minor systems)
On Grade Pit Blocking Factor (Minor Systems)
Sag Pit Blocking Factor (Major systems)
On Grade Pit Blocking Factor (Major Systems)
Inlet Pit Capacity
ARR87
3.0
1
mm
1
mm
5
mm
2.5
3.0
3.5
0
0 = No
0
Blockage
0.5
0.2
(see figures 4.1-4.5)
Rafts XP Models
CAPIMP
ISC
DSC
USC
LSC
UH
LH
ER
IDS
IS
DS
US
LS
GS
GN
SO
Ko
LDF
KG
ECOR
IAR
Capacity of Impervious Area Storage

Interception Storage Capacity
Depression Storage Capacity
Capacity Upper Soil Zone Storage
Capacity Lower Soil Zone Storage
Maximum Potential Evapotranspiration from Upper Soil Zone
Maximum Potential Evapotranspiration from Lower Soil Zone
Proportion of Evapotranspiration from USC

Initial Impervious Area Storage
Initial Interception Storage
Initial Depression Storage (pervious)
Initial Upper Soil Zone Storage
Initial Lower Soil Zone Storage
Initial Groundwater Storage
Groundwater Recession Factor
Sorptivity of Dry Soil
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Lower Soil Drainage Factor
Constant Rate Groundwater Recession Factor
Rate of Potential Evaporation from A Class Pan
Proportion of Rainfall intercepted by Vegetation
D - 39
1.5
1.5
5
25
100
10
10
0.7
0.5
0.5
0
20
80
0
1
3.0
0.33
0.05
0.94
0.70
0.70
Mm
Mm
Mm
mm
mm
mm/day
mm/day
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm/min-0.5
mm/min
REFERENCES
1.
ARGUE, J. (1986) "Storm Drainage Design in Small Urban Catchments" Special Report
No 34. Australian Road and Research Board.
2.
BOYD, M.J. "Generalised Head-Discharge Equations for Culverts". Fourth National

Local Government Engineering Conference, Perth, 17-20 August, 1987. Pages 161 - 165.
3.
CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA "Hydraulics of Precast Concrete

Conduits - Hydraulic Design Manual"
4.
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING (1982) Local Government

Circular No 31.
5.
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING (1987); "Road Manual".
6.
DEPARTMENT OF MAIN ROADS NSW (1979) "Model Analysis to Determine

Hydraulic Capacities of Kerb Inlets and Gully Pit Gratings."
7.
HARE, C. "Magnitude of Hydraulic Losses at Junctions in Piped Drainage Systems"

Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, 1981. I.E.A. 12-13 Oct, 1981, Pub. 81/12.
8.
INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA (1998) "Australian Rainfall and Runoff"

Volume 1 - A guide to Flood Estimation.
9.
NICHOLS, P.S. & GRIFFIN, P.L "Modern Methods of Urban Drainage." Hydrology &
Water Resources Symposium, Hobart, 8th-10th November, 1983.
10.
"Preliminary Survey of the Hydraulics of Gully Pits".

Report No. 263, July, 1980
11.
SANGSTER, W.M.; WOOD, H.W.; SMERDON, E.T.; BOSSEY, H.G.; "Pressure

Changes at Storm Drain Junctions - Design Methods". Engineering Series Bulletin No. 41.
University of Missouri.
12.
Landcom's "Managing Urban Stormwater - Soils and Construction - Volume 1" 4th Edition
(2004).
13.
SUTHERLAND SHIRE COUNCIL (1983) "Urban Drainage Design Manual"
14.
HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTING OF GULLY PITS (May, 1984); Grate efficiency

analysis for C.I. & D. Cast Iron Products by the West Australian Institute of Technology.
(unpub.)
WOLLONGONG CITY COUNCIL (1984) "Stormwater Drainage - Hydraulic Design of
Underground Pipe Networks
15.
D - 40
Manly Hydraulics Laboratory.
APPENDIX E
BOND DOCUMENTS
FORMAT & INSTRUCTIONS
APPENDIX E
SECURITY FOR OUTSTANDING WORKS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICANTS
The following matters must be done by the Applicant before returning the enclosed Deeds of
Agreement to Council with a Bank Guarantee or Cash Deposit.
A.
DEEDS OF AGREEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
BANK GUARANTEE
1.
2.
3.
C.
Complete the date of the Deed on the First Schedule.

Complete the name and address of the Developer on the Second Schedule.
Cross out which is not applicable on the Fourth Schedule, ie. Bank Guarantee
or Cash Deposit.
Stamp the Common Seal of the Developer at Seals and Signatures Part A on
the Deed.
Where the Applicant is an individual, not a company, Part B of the Seals and
Signatures must be completed.
The Applicant's name on the Deed of Agreement and Company Seal (if
applicable) must be exactly the same as the name on the Bank Guarantee.
Where a company seal is stamped on the Deed, the Secretary cannot sign the
Deed, it must be signed by legally authorised persons and documentary
evidence of that authority must be returned to Council with the Deeds and
Bank Guarantee(s).
Customer name must be exactly as the Applicant name on the Deed of

Agreement.
No expiry date is to be shown on the Bank Guarantee.
Council will accept guarantees and performance bonds from accredited banks
and organisations with a minimum credit rating of "A" from Standard and
Poors or "A2" from Moodys, rating agency.
CASH SECURITY
1.
Cash deposits can be paid to Council using cash or Bank Cheque. Personal or
Company Cheques will only be accepted for amounts of $10,000 or less.
E-1
SECURITY FOR OUTSTANDING WORKS

DEED OF AGREEMENT
By this Deed made on the date shown in the First Schedule between the person whose name
and address are set out in the Second Schedule ("the Applicant") of the one part
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL of Flushcombe Road, Blacktown ("the Council") of the
other part it is witnessed that:
1.
The Applicant will carry out and complete the works required to satisfy the Notice/s of
Determination held on Council files shown in Part 1 of the Third Schedule and
described in Part 2 of the Third Schedule ("the Works") to the satisfaction of Council by
the date set out in Part 3 of the Third Schedule or by any extended date fixed by the
Council in writing ("the Completion Date").
2.
The Applicant will upon the execution of this deed pay or provide the security
stipulated in the Fourth Schedule ("the Security") for the performance of its obligations
under clause 1.
3.
The Council may request the Applicant in writing to delay the execution of the Works
or any part of the Works to a date or any extended date fixed by the Council and the
Applicant must comply with any such request.
4.
If the Applicant fails to comply with its obligations under clause 1 the Council may call
in the Security and use it to carry out or complete the Works and for this purpose the
Council may enter upon the land whereon the Works are or are to be situated.
5.
(a)
(b)
A certificate signed by the General Manager or other authorised employees and

given to the Applicant as to the cost to the Council of carrying out or completing
the Works shall be conclusive.
The cost to the Council of completing the Works, and of any other uncompleted
works treated as part of the Works pursuant to Clause 8, shall include, but not be
limited to:
(i)
All fees and charges necessarily or reasonably incurred by the Council in
order to have the Works carried out and completed properly and
expeditiously;
(ii)
The reasonable cost to the Council of any supervision of the Works
which exceeds the supervision normally undertaken by the Council in
relation to work of a similar nature; and
(iii)
Without limiting the generality of paragraph (i) all legal costs and
expenses reasonably incurred by the Council by reason of the Applicant's
failure to complete the Works, or of the calling in or expenditure of
money under this deed or generally in the carrying out of the Council's
powers and duties under this deed.
E-2
6.
If the cost of completing the Works as certified is greater than the total amount of
money held by or available to the Council under this deed, then the Applicant will pay
to the Council the amount of that deficiency; and failing payment of the same forthwith,
the Council may recover that amount from the Applicant as a liquidated sum due and
owing by him to the Council.
7.
Subject to clause 8, the Security, or so much of it as has not been used in accordance
with clause 4, shall be returned or refunded to the Applicant within 30 days of
completion of the Works.
8.
The Council shall not be obliged to comply with its obligations under clause 7 if at the
time of completion of the Works the Applicant has not carried out his obligations under
any contract or deed between him and the Council in similar terms to this deed relating
to the development to which the Works relate, or to any other development. In that
event, the Council shall be entitled to retain any money or guarantees held by it under
this deed until all such obligations have been completed to the satisfaction of the
Council and to apply, call in and deal with the same as if such obligations were part of
the Works.
9.
Any notice, certificate or request required or permitted to be given this deed shall be
sufficiently served or given if:
(a)
(b)
(c)
10.
Delivered personally to the recipient;

Delivered or posted by ordinary pre-paid post to the address of the recipient set
out in this deed or last known to the party serving or giving the same and shall
be deemed to be received:
(i)
If delivered, at the time of delivery;
(ii)
If posted, on the fourth day following the date of posting;
Sent by facsimile transmission and shall be deemed to have been received when
transmission has been completed unless:
(i)
The sender's machine indicates a malfunction in transmission or the
recipient immediately notifies the sender that transmission is incomplete,
when such notice or request shall be deemed not to have been served or
given; or
(ii)
Transmission is effected after a time which is 1700 hours at the place of
which the transmission is sent, when such notice or request shall be
deemed to be been received at 900 hours on the next day on which
business is generally carried on at that place.
In the interpretation of this deed, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a)
(b)
(c)
Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa;
Words importing any gender include any other gender and in particular a
reference to a "person" includes a corporation;
Covenants given, obligations assumed, by more than one party shall bind those
parties and each of them jointly and severally.
E-3
THE FIRST SCHEDULE

The Date of the Deed:
, 20
(Applicant to complete)
THE SECOND SCHEDULE

The Applicant: Name:
Address:
(Applicant to complete)
THE THIRD SCHEDULE

Part 1 - The Files:
Part 2 - The Works:
Part 3 - The Completion Date:
THE FOURTH SCHEDULE
The Security: * Cash Deposit/* Bank Guarantee in the sum of $
(* Applicant to delete whichever does not apply)
SEALS AND SIGNATURES

Companies only complete Part A, others complete Part B.
A) THE COMMON SEAL of ____________________
_______________________________________________
as hereunto affixed in accordance with its
articles of association and in the presence of:
_____________________
Secretary
)
)
)
)
SIGNED SEALED AND DELIVERED by the said

_______________________ in the presence of:
(Name of Owner)
_______________________
(Name of Witness)
)
)
)
)
)
B)
THE COMMON SEAL OF BLACKTOWN CITY

COUNCIL was hereunto affixed this
day of
, 20
pursuant
to a resolution of Council passed at its Ordinary
, 20
.
Meeting of
E-4
_______________
Director
)
)
)
)
)
_______________
Owner
_______________
Witness
______________
Mayor
_______________
General Manager
APPENDIX F
STANDARD RECITAL FOR
TERMS OF
EASEMENTS, COVENANTS
& RESTRICTIONS
APPENDIX F

TERMS OF EASEMENTS, COVENANTS AND RESTRICTIONS
COMMONLY IMPOSED BY INSTRUMENT UNDER SECTION 88B
OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED
Revised: FEBRUARY 2005
F-1

COMMONLY IMPOSED BY INSTRUMENT UNDER SECTION 88B
OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED
ORIGINAL VERSION
PREPARED BY:
PROUST & GARDNER

CONSULTING SURVEYORS & PLANNERS
406 PACIFIC HIGHWAY
LINDFIELD NSW 2070
IN CONSULTATION WITH
AND REVISED BY:
BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL'S

DEVELOPMENT SERVICES UNIT
Revised: FEBRUARY 2005

(principally Sections A and B.3)
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CONTENTS:
A.
GENERAL USE TERMS

1.
Easements under the Conveyancing Act 1919
in gross
benefiting a lot
2.
Easements in gross (Amendment Act 1995)
3.
Easements benefiting a lot (Amendment Act 1995)
4.
Positive covenants for maintenance & repair
5.
Cross easements for Party Walls
B.
SPECIFIC USE TERMS

1.
Easements
Easement for Batter (Road below burdened land)
Easement for Batter (Road above burdened land)
Easement for access and maintenance
Temporary Right of Carriageway
Right of Carriageway (with optional additions)

2.
Restrictions on Use of Land
Filled lots
Further Development per Development Consent
Fencing responsibility
Access Prohibited
Residue lot: 2 types

Uncompleted Vehicular Footway and/or Gutter (Layback)
Crossings
On-site Stormwater Detention: for constructed and

deferred works
Overland Flowpath
Stormwater Quality Improvement Device
Floor Level
3.
Positive Covenants
On-site Stormwater Detention
Overland Flowpath
Maintenance & Repair of Shared Access
C.
INTEGRAL ENERGY AUSTRALIA RECITALS
D.
SCHEDULES 4A & 8 OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND THE

PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995
Terms of Easements, etc., in gross - e.g. - benefiting Council

(Schedule 4A, Parts 1-11 Conveyancing Act)
Terms of Easements, etc., benefiting Lots
(Schedule 8, Parts 1-14 Conveyancing Act)
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THAT CAN BE INCORPORATED IN AN INSTRUMENT UNDER
SECTION 88B OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT, 1919 AS AMENDED
A.
GENERAL USE TERMS

The Conveyancing Act 1919 has been amended by the Property Legislation
Amendment (Easements) Act 1995 which commenced on 1 August 1996. Parts of the
Acts that affect easement terms are as follows:
1.
The easements under the Conveyancing Act 1919 are:

Easements in Gross
Right of Carriageway
Right of Footway
Easement to Drain Water
Easement to Drain Sewage
(Schedule 4A Part 1)
Easements benefiting a lot
Right of Carriageway
Right of Footway
Easement to Drain Sewage
(Schedule 8 Part 1)
(Schedule 8 Part 2)
(Schedule 8 Part 3)
(Schedule 8 Part 4)
These easements have not been repealed and can be used, the terms of which
are deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument (see Schedules 4A and 8,
Parts 1-4) and variations thereof by addition, exception, qualification or
omission is now permitted.
2.
The Amendment Act 1995 provides for 7 additional Easements in Gross

(easements without a dominant tenement, e.g. Blacktown City Council) of the
following kind which do not require description in Part 2 of an Instrument:
Easement for Repairs

Easement for Drainage of Sewage
Easement for Drainage of Water
Easement for Electricity Purposes
Easement for Services
Easement for Water Supply
Right of Access
The terms of the abovementioned easements (see Schedule 4A Parts 5-11) are
deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument and variations thereof by
addition, exception qualification or omission is now permitted.
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3.
The Amendment Act 1995 provides for terms of 10 additional easements that
benefit a lot. These easements do not require description in Part 2 of an
Instrument.
Easement for Repairs

Easement for Batter
Easement for Drainage of Sewage
Easement for Drainage of Water
Easement for Electricity purposes
Easement for Overhang
Easement for Services
Easement for Water Supply
Easement to permit encroaching
Structure to remain
Right of Access
(Schedule 8 Part 5)
(Schedule 8 Part 6)
(Schedule 8 Part 7)
(Schedule 8 Part 8)
(Schedule 8 Part 9)
(Schedule 8 Part 10)
The terms of the abovementioned easements (see Schedule 8 Parts 5-14) are
deemed to be incorporated in the Instrument and variations thereof by
addition, exception, qualification or omission is now permitted.
4.
The Amendment Act 1995 also provides for Positive Covenants for
Maintenance and Repair to be created over the site of an easement (or shared
accessway), or to benefit the site of an easement (or shared accessway). Lots
can now be burdened and benefited with a covenant which affects the owners
from time to time. The terms of the covenant can state that the registered
proprietors for the time being of the lots must maintain the site of the easement
(or shared accessway), or structure within it, and must share costs in some
proportion relating to the maintenance (see page B-11 for example).
5.
The Amendment Act 1995 also provides for the creation of Cross Easements
for Party Walls automatically under a new Section 88BB of the Conveyancing
Act. The plan must show a boundary passing through the whole or part of a
wall and the wall is identified as a "Party Wall". No other information is
required for this automatic process.
Whilst the terms of the easements, etc., mentioned in Sections 1, 2 and 3 do not have
to be recited in Part 2 of any relevant 88B instrument (since their title in Part 1 will
impart the standard terms unless otherwise stated), their recitals are nevertheless
included in this document at Section D.
All terms of easements, covenants and restrictions shall have a clause referring
to the relevant authority e.g. Blacktown City Council, Sydney Water, Integral
Energy etc, as having the power to "release, vary or modify" those terms.
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B.
SPECIFIC USE TERMS

Selected easements, restrictions and positive covenants relating to the specific
requirements of Blacktown City Council that are not included in Schedules 4A and 8
of the Conveyancing Act are as follows:
1.
EASEMENTS
Easement for Batter and Support (Road below burdened land)
Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created and
every person authorised by it from time to time and at all times thereafter to
enter go upon return pass and repass with or without vehicles in through along
and over the burdened lot and to use the burdened lot for the purpose of
placing thereon all such earth soil cement sand clay and other material or the
removal therefrom all such earth soil clay and other material as shall in the
opinion of the Council of the City of Blacktown be necessary or desirable for
the purpose of constructing reconstructing and forever maintaining on the
burdened lot a batter to serve as a support for the said land burdened and to do
all such incidental acts and things that may be necessary in the premises for
the purpose of constructing maintaining repairing altering or doing any work
on the land comprised in the said easement and for all or any of the said
purpose to remove and re-erect any fences or other posts on the land
comprised in the said easement.
Easement for Batter and Support (Road above burdened land)
Easement for support of the soil in # Road and in the lots benefited as
weighted with any improvements which the Council of the City of Blacktown
in the case of such road and the proprietor for the time being in the case of the
lots benefited may from time to time see fit to erect or allow to be erected
thereon or which may be erected thereon under any statutory authority with
full and free power, liberty, licence and authority from time to time and at all
times hereafter to the said Council and to every person authorised by it to enter
upon go return pass and repass through along and over the burdened lot with
officers and/or servants and/or workmen of the said Council or of any such
person authorised by it as aforesaid and with or without vehicles and to use the
burdened lot for the purpose of placing thereon all such earth soil cement clay
sand stones and rock and other materials as shall be necessary or desirable for
the purpose of constructing reconstructing altering maintaining and repairing
on the burdened lot a batter to serve as a support for the surface subsoil and
undersurface of the said road and lots benefits by this easement including all
improvements thereon and do all such other incidental acts and things as may
be necessary in the premises to enable the aforesaid purposes to be carried out
and for all or any of the said purposes to pull down and re-erect any fences or
other posts on the burdened lot and the burdened lot shall not be used or be
permitted to be used in any manner or for any purpose which may affect or
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have a tendency to affect the stability of the said batter as a support for the
said road and lots benefited as aforesaid or which may injure or damage the
said batter or in any way impair its efficiency and if the proprietor for the time
being of the burdened lot should do or suffer to be done any act or thing which
may in any way injure damage or impair the said batter he shall be liable at his
own expense to properly and substantially repair and make good all such
injury and damage. Where herein used, words importing the singular number
or plural number shall include the plural and singular number respectively and
words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine or neuter
gender.
Easement for Access and Maintenance
The proprietor of the lot benefited and persons authorised by him may:
(a)
(b)
(c)
enter upon the burdened lot but only within the site of this easement.
do anything reasonably necessary for the purpose of renewing,
replacing, painting, repairing and maintaining the dwelling adjacent to
this easement.
remain on the site of this easement for any reasonable time for the said
purposes.
In exercising those powers the proprietor of the lot benefited must:

(a)
(b)
(c)
cause as little inconvenience to the proprietor or occupier of the

burdened lot and
cause as little damage as possible to the burdened lot and
restore as nearly as is practicable the burdened lot to its former
condition and
the proprietor of the burdened lot shall not erect any building or other structure
of any kind on or over the site of the easement.
Temporary Right of Carriageway
The proprietor of the benefited lot and every person authorised by him may
go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without animals or
vehicles or both to or from the site of the easement provided that this right of
carriageway is a temporary right.
Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this Right of
Carriageway upon construction and dedication of a public road providing
vehicular access to the benefited lot.
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Right of Carriageway (with Optional additions)

Terms of Right of Carriageway as per Schedule 8 of the Conveyancing Act
1919 as amended together with the following addition:
"Provided that the registered proprietors for the time being of the benefited
lots and all persons authorised by him will:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.
not exceed a speed of 20 kph whilst driving a vehicle over the site of
this easement.
not drive a vehicle of Tare weight in excess of ( )kg over the site of
this easement.
not park a vehicle or leave a vehicle standing or otherwise allow an
obstruction to remain on the site of this easement."
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF LAND

Filled Lots
No building shall be erected on the lot hereby burdened being a filled lot
unless constructed on pier and beam footings to safe and uniform strata or
alternatively on footings or slab designed and certified by a Chartered
Professional Engineer to the requirements and satisfaction of the Council of
the City of Blacktown.
Further Development per Development Consent
No development shall be permitted on the lot hereby burdened unless it is to
be developed in accordance with the development consent having Notice of
Determination No. # issued by the Council of the City of Blacktown on #
(insert date).
Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this restriction in
respect of a lot hereby burdened when development is completed on that lot in
accordance with Determination No. # dated #.
Fencing Responsibility
(a)
No fence shall be erected on the common boundary of the burdened

lots and the adjoining public reserve/drainage reserve without the
consent of the Council of the City of Blacktown. Such consent shall
not be withheld, however, if such fence is erected without expense to
the Council of the City of Blacktown.
(b)
The restriction shall remain in force only during such times as the
Council of the City of Blacktown is the registered proprietor of the
land immediately adjoining the burdened lots and shall bind all
successive owners and assigns of each lot burdened.
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Access Prohibited
The burdened lot shall not be used nor shall any part thereof be used as a
means of vehicular or pedestrian access or route to or from any part of #
(insert road name) and no owner of such a lot shall pass or repass nor shall
that owner permit or authorise any of his employees visitors or authorised
persons to pass or repass across the boundary between (insert road name) and
the burdened lot without consent of the Council of the City of Blacktown
(which consent may at any time be revoked by the said Council at its absolute
discretion).
Residue Lot: 2 types
1.
Requiring development with adjoining land:
The burdened lot shall not be further developed unless it is developed and/or
resubdivided with adjoining land to the satisfaction of the Council of the City
of Blacktown.
2.
Independent redevelopment allowable:
No further development of the lot burdened is to take place unless it is

approved by Development Consent. Such approval is likely to require, but not
be restricted to, construction of road and drainage works, the provision of lot
fill and the payment of Section 94 Contributions.
Uncompleted Vehicular Footway and/or Gutter (Layback) Crossings
No building shall be occupied on any hereby burdened lot unless the vehicular
footway and gutter crossing serving that lot is constructed to Council's
specification in accordance with development consent having Notice of
Determination No. # issued by the Council of the City of Blacktown on #.
Council will raise no objection to the extinguishing of this restriction in
respect of a lot hereby burdened when the vehicular footway and gutter
crossing is completed in accordance with Notice of Determination No. # dated
#, and has obtained a final inspection clearance from Council.
On-Site Stormwater Detention
1.
For constructed works
The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority benefited

in respect to the on-site stormwater detention system (hereinafter referred to as
"the system") constructed on the burdened lot(s) that they will not, without the
prior and express written consent of the Authority benefited:
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(a)
(b)
(c)
Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the system from
operating in a safe and efficient manner.
Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or additions to
the system.
Allow any development within the meaning of the Environmental
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach upon the system.
This restriction shall bind all persons who are or claim under the registered
proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Conveyancing Act 1919.
For the purposes of this restriction, "the system" means the on-site stormwater
detention system constructed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by
. as Construction Certificate No. . on ., including all
ancillary gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers,
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater, as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage. (Include the
following for Private CC's only) A copy of this Construction Certificate is
held on Council File No. ..
2.
For deferred works
This following version is only used when construction of the OSD system is
being deferred, which will only be permitted by Council in exceptional
circumstances.
"The registered proprietor shall not erect or suffer the erection of any dwelling
house or other structure on the lot(s) hereby burdened unless the registered
proprietor has first constructed or has made provision for the construction of
an on-site stormwater detention system on the said lot(s), in accordance with
the design, construction and/or provision requirements of, and to the
satisfaction of Blacktown City Council.
The expression "on-site stormwater detention system" shall include all
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage."
Overland Flowpath
1.
The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority

benefited in respect to the overland flowpath constructed on the
burdened lot(s) that they will not, without the prior and express written
consent of the Authority benefited:
(a)
Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the overland

flowpath from operating in a safe and efficient manner.
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(b)
(c)
2.
Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or

additions to the overland flowpath.
Allow any development within the meaning of the
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach
upon the overland flowpath.
Any boundary or internal fencing that crosses the overland flowpath is

to be open mesh style within 500mm of finished ground level, with the
mesh openings designed to provide a minimum 80% clear area. The
underside of the fencing shall provide a minimum clear opening of
..mm to ground level.
For the purposes of this restriction "overland flowpath" means the works
constructed on the land (including all access pavements, pipes, drains, kerbs,
pits, grates and surfaces designed to convey stormwater through the site)
shown on plans approved by . as Construction Certificate No. .
on . and contained within the aforementioned Easement to Drain Water
variable width/..m wide. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A
copy of this Construction Certificate is held on Council File No. ..
The registered proprietor(s) covenant as follows with the Authority benefited
in respect to the Stormwater Quality Improvement Device (hereinafter referred
to as "the device") constructed and/or installed on the burdened lot(s) that they
will not, without the prior and express written consent of the Authority
benefited:
1.
2.
3.
Do any act, matter or thing which would prevent the device from
operating in a safe and efficient manner.
Make or permit or suffer the making of any alterations or additions to
the device.
Allow any development within the meaning of the Environmental
Planning and Assessment Act 1979 to encroach upon the device.
For the purpose of this restriction, "the device" means the . (e.g.
"Humeceptor") stormwater quality improvement device constructed and/or
installed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by . as
Construction Certificate No. . on ., including all ancillary
gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers, basins and
surfaces designed to treat stormwater, as well as all surfaces graded to direct
F - 11
stormwater t o t he d evice. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A

Floor Level
The floor level of any building erected on the burdened lot shall be a minimum
of .. m etres a bove t he de signed 1% A nnual Exceedance P robability top
water level in the overland flowpath/open channel/ drainage easement (delete
where non applicable) on lot ../within the site.
3.
POSITIVE COVENANTS
On-Site Stormwater Detention
1.
The r egistered proprietor(s) c ovenant a s f ollows w ith t he A uthority

benefited i n r espect t o t he on -site s tormwater d etention s ystem
(hereinafter r eferred t o a s " the s ystem") c onstructed on t he bur dened
lot(s), that they will:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.
Keep the system clean and free from silt, rubbish and debris.
Maintain an d r epair at t he s ole e xpense o f t he r egistered
proprietor(s) t hat pa rt of t he s ystem c ontained w ithin the
registered proprietor's own lot, so that it functions in a safe and
efficient m anner, i n a ccordance w ith t he " On-Site D etention
Maintenance Schedule" as approved by . on ., a
copy of w hich i s attached, a nd a lso h eld on C ouncil F ile
.. A copy of this Schedule is available to all owners and
occupiers of the burdened lot(s).
For the purpose of ensuring observance of this covenant, permit
Blacktown C ity C ouncil or i ts a uthorised a gents ( hereinafter
referred to as "the Council") from time to time and upon giving
reasonable not ice ( but a t a ny t ime a nd w ithout notice i n t he
case o f an em ergency) t o en ter t he land a nd i nspect t he
condition of t he s ystem a nd t he s tate of c onstruction,
maintenance or r epair of t he s ystem, f or c ompliance w ith t he
requirements of this covenant.
Comply w ith th e te rms o f a ny written n otice issued b y th e
Council to attend to any matter and carry out such work within
the time stated in the notice, to ensure the proper and efficient
performance of the system and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of t he C onveyancing A ct 1919 ( hereinafter r eferred t o a s " the
Act") is hereby agreed to be amended accordingly.
Notify Council after each programmed maintenance Inspection
Pursuant t o S ection 88F (3) o f t he A ct t he C ouncil s hall ha ve t he

following additional powers pursuant to this covenant:
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(a)
(b)
3.
In the event that the registered proprietor fails to comply with

the terms of any written notice issued by the Council as set out
above, the Council may enter the land with all necessary
equipment and carry out any work considered by Council to be
reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(d)
above.
The Council may recover from the registered proprietor in a
court of competent jurisdiction:
I.
Any expense reasonably incurred by it in exercising its

powers in sub-paragraph 2(a) above. Such expense
shall include reasonable wages for employees engaged
in effecting, supervising and administering the said
work, together with costs, reasonably estimated by
Council, for the use of materials, machinery, tools and
equipment used in conjunction with the said work.
II.
Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issues of the said

notices and recovery of the said costs and expenses
together with the costs, charges, and expenses of
registration of a covenant charge pursuant to Section
88F of the Act or providing any certificate required
pursuant to Section 88G of the Act or obtaining any
injunction pursuant to Section 88H of the Act.
This covenant shall bind all persons who are or claim under the
registered proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.
For the purposes of this covenant, "the system" means the on-site stormwater
detention system constructed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by
. as Construction Certificate No. . on ., including all
basins and surfaces designed to temporarily detain stormwater, as well as all
surfaces graded to direct stormwater to the temporary storage. (Include the
following for Private CC's only) A copy of this Construction Certificate is
held on Council File No. ..
Overland Flowpath
1.

benefited in respect to the overland flowpath constructed on the
burdened lot(s) that they will:
(a)
(b)
Keep the overland flowpath clean and free from silt, rubbish
and debris.
Maintain and repair at the sole expense of the registered
proprietor(s) that part of the overland flowpath contained
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(c)
(d)
2.
Pursuant to Section 88F(3) of the Act the Council shall have the
(a)
(b)
3.
within the registered proprietor's own lot, so that it functions in

a safe and efficient manner.
Blacktown City Council or its authorised agents (hereinafter
reasonable notice (but at any time and without notice in the
case of an emergency) to enter the land and inspect the
condition of the system and the state of construction,
maintenance or repair of the system, for compliance with the
Comply with the terms of any written notice issued by the
performance of the system and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of the Conveyancing Act 1919 (hereinafter referred to as "the

reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(d)
above.
I.

II.
Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issue of the said

pursuant to Section 88G of the Act or obtaining any
registered proprietors as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.
F - 14
For the purposes of this covenant, "overland flowpath" means the works
constructed on the land (including all access pavements, pipes, drains, kerbs,
pits, grates and surfaces designed to convey stormwater through the site)
shown on plans approved by . as Construction Certificate No. .
on . and contained within the aforementioned Easement to Drain Water
variable width/..m wide. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A
1.

benefited in respect to the Stormwater Quality Improvement Device
(hereinafter referred to as "the device") constructed and/or installed on
the burdened lot(s), that they will:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.
Keep the device clean and free from silt, rubbish and debris
Maintain and repair the device at the sole expense of the
registered proprietor(s), so that it functions in a safe and
efficient manner, in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommended requirements and/or the "Maintenance Schedule"
prepared by . on ., a copy of which is held on
Council File .. A copy of this Schedule is available to
all owners and occupiers of the burdened lot(s).
Blacktown City Council or its authorised agents (hereinafter
reasonable notice (but at any time and without notice in the
case of an emergency) to enter the land and inspect the
condition of the device and the state of construction,
maintenance or repair of the device, for compliance with the
Notify Council after each programmed maintenance inspection.
Comply with the terms of any written notice issued by the
performance of the device and to that extent Section 88F(2)(a)
of the Conveyancing Act 1919 (hereinafter referred to as "the
Pursuant to Section 88F(3) of the Act the Council shall have the
(a)

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(b)
3.

reasonable to comply with the said notice referred to in 1(e)
above.
I.

II.
Legal costs on an indemnity basis for issue of the said

pursuant to Section 88G of the act or obtaining any
registered proprietor(s) as stipulated in Section 88E(5) of the Act.
For the purposes of this covenant, "the device" means the . (e.g.
"Humeceptor") stormwater quality improvement device constructed and/or
installed on the land as detailed on the plans approved by . as
Construction Certificate No. . on ., including all ancillary
gutters, pipes, drains, walls, kerbs, pits, grates, tanks, chambers, basins and
surfaces designed to treat stormwater, as well as all surfaces graded to direct
stormwater to the device. (Include the following for Private CC's only) A
Maintenance and Repair of Shared Access
The proprietor of the lot hereby burdened will in respect of the right of
carriageway within the benefited lot #ly referred to in the abovementioned
plan:
(a)
maintain the driveway surface and any associated drainage system in

reasonable working condition and
(b)
repair and/or restore any or all of the driveway surface and associated
drainage system as nearly as practicable, to its former condition and
F - 16
(c)
share the costs of the abovementioned works equally (or proportionally

to usage) with all other proprietors of other lots similarly burdened by
this covenant.
F - 17
C.
INTEGRAL ENERGY AUSTRALIA RECITALS

EASEMENT FOR OVERHEAD POWER LINES
EASEMENT FOR UNDERGROUND CABLES
EASEMENT FOR PADMOUNT SUBSTATION
1.
The recitals for the above easements required by Integral Energy Australia are
quite lengthy and therefore subject to typographical errors in the preparation
of 88B instruments.
2.
In an effort to minimise the potential for errors and also to simplify the
creation of these easements, Integral Energy Australia have had the recitals
registered with the Land and Property Information NSW.
3.
By having these details registered a "Memorandum", 88B instruments need

only refer to the memorandum rather than spell out the full terms of the
easement in Part 2 of the 88B.
4.
The Memorandum numbers related to these easements are as follows:

Easement for Overhead Power Lines:
Easement for Underground Cables:
Easement for Padmount Substation:
5.
3021850
3021851
3021852
Please note therefore, that the following inclusions in Part 2 of an 88B are now
acceptable:
"An Easement for Overhead Power Lines having terms as detailed in
Memorandum No. 3021850 registered with Land and Property Information
NSW."
and
"An Easement for Underground Cables having terms as detailed in
Memorandum No. 3021851 registered with the Land and Property Information
NSW."
(or similar)
and
An Easement for Padmount Substation having terms as detailed in
Memorandum No. 3021852 registered with the Land and Property Information
NSW."
(or similar)
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6.
Of course, the inclusion of the full recital as set out by Integral Energy
Australia will also continue to be acceptable, however, over time its use will
most likely decline.
F - 19
D. SCHEDULES 4A & 8 OF THE

CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995
D.1 - EASEMENTS IN GROSS (benefiting Council)
SCHEDULE 4A OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
THE PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995
PART 1
TERMS OF RIGHT OF CARRIAGEWAY .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created, and every person
authorised by it, to go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without
animals or vehicles or both over the land indicated herein as the servient tenement.
PART 2
TERMS OF RIGHT OF FOOTWAY .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
Full and free right for the body in whose favour this easement is created and every person
authorised by it, to go, pass and repass at all times and for all purposes without animals or
vehicles over the land indicated herein as the servient tenement.
PART 3
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO
ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:
DRAIN
WATER
..
REFERRED
TO
IN
authorised by it, from time to time and at all times to drain water (whether rain, storm, spring,
soakage, or seepage water) in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as
the servient tenement, together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any
line of pipes already laid within the servient tenement for the purpose therefore and where no
such line of pipes in replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes
exists, to lay, place and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or
upon the surface of the servient tenement, and together with the right for the body in whose
favour this easement is created and every person authorised by it, with any tools, implements,
or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the servient tenement and to remain
there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying, inspecting, cleansing, repairing,
maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof and for any of the aforesaid
purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent as may be necessary
provided that the body in whose favour this easement is created and the persons authorised by
it will take all reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface
of the servient tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original
condition.
F - 20
PART 4
DRAIN
SEWAGE
..
REFERRED
TO
IN
authorised by it, from time to time and at all times by means of pipes to drain sewage and
other waste material and fluid in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated
as the servient tenement, together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any
line of pipes already laid within the servient tenement for the purpose of draining sewage or
any pipe or pipes in replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes
exists, to lay, place and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or
upon the surface of the servient tenement, and together with the right for the body in whose
favour this easement is created and every person authorised by it, with any tools, implements,
or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the servient tenement and to remain
there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying, inspecting, cleansing, repairing,
maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof and for any of the aforesaid
purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent as may be necessary
provided that the body in whose favour this easement is created and every person authorised
by it will take all reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the
surface of the servient tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its
original condition.
PART 5
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR REPAIRS .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
1.
The body having the benefit of this easement may:

(a)
at the expiration of at least one week's notice served on the owner or occupier
of a lot burdened, use the lot for the purpose of carrying out necessary work on
any surface used by that body which cannot otherwise reasonably be carried
out, and
(b)
do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:
2.
entering the lot burdened, and

taking anything on to the lot burdened.
In exercising those powers, the body having the benefit of this easement must:
(a)
ensure all work on the lot benefited is done properly and carried out as quickly
as is practicable, and
(b)
cause as little inconvenience as is practicable to the owner and any occupier of

the lot burdened, and
F - 21
(c)
cause as little damage as is practicable to the lot burdened and any

improvement on it, and
(d)
restore the lot burdened as nearly as is practicable to its former condition, and
(e)
make good any collateral damage.
PART 6
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF SEWAGE .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a)
drain sewage, sullage and other fluid wastes in pipes through each lot
burdened, but only within the site of this easement, and
(b)
2.

taking anything on to the lot burdened, and
using any existing line of pipes, and
carrying out works, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining pipes and equipment.
(a)
ensure all work is done properly, and
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 7
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF WATER .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a)
drain water from any natural source through each lot burdened, but only
within the site of this easement, and
(b)
F - 22
2.

maintaining pipes, channels, ditches and equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 8
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR ELECTRICITY PURPOSES .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a)
transmit electricity through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and
(b)
2.

carrying out work, such as constructing, placing, repairing or
maintaining poles, wires, conduits and equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

F - 23
(d)
(e)
PART 9
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR SERVICES .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
1.

(a)
provide domestic services supplied by that body through each lot burdened,
but only within the site of this easement, and
(b)
2.
3.

maintaining pipes, poles, wires, cables, conduits, structures and
equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
For the purpose of this easement, domestic services includes supply of water, gas,
electricity, telephone and television and discharge of sewage, sullage and other fluid
wastes.
PART 10
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR
1.
WATER
SUPPLY
..
REFERRED
TO
IN

(a) run water in pipes through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and
F - 24
(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:
2.

(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 11
TERMS OF RIGHT OF ACCESS .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:
1.

(a)
by any reasonable means pass across each lot burdened, but only within the
site of this easement, for the purpose of exercising or performing any of its
powers, authorities, duties or functions and
(b)
do anything reasonably necessary for passing across each lot, including:
2.

carrying out work within the site of this easement, such as
constructing, placing, repairing or maintaining trafficable surfaces,
driveways or structures.
(a)
(b)

(c)

F - 25
(d)
(e)
F - 26
D.2 - EASEMENTS BENEFITING A LOT

SCHEDULE 8 OF THE CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 AND
THE PROPERTY LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (EASEMENTS) ACT 1995
PART 1
TERMS OF RIGHT OF CARRIAGEWAY REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
Full and free right for every person who is at any time entitled to an estate or interest in
possession in the land herein indicated as the dominant tenement or any part thereof with
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, to go,
pass and repass at all times and for all purposes with or without animals or vehicles or both to
and from the said dominant tenement or any such part thereof.
PART 2
TERMS OF RIGHT OF FOOTWAY .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, to go,
pass and repass at all times and for all purposes without animals or vehicles or both to and
from the said dominant tenement or any such part thereof.
PART 3
ABOVEMENTIONED LAND:
DRAIN
WATER
REFERRED
TO
IN
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, from time
to time and at all times to drain water (whether rain, storm, spring, soakage, or seepage water)
in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as the servient tenement,
together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any line of pipes already laid
within the servient tenement for the purpose therefore and where no such line of pipes in
replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes exists, to lay, place
and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or upon the surface of the
servient tenement, and together with the right for the grantee and every person authorised by
him, with any tools, implements, or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the
servient tenement and to remain there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying,
inspecting, cleansing, repairing, maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof
and for any of the aforesaid purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent
as may be necessary provided that the grantee and the persons authorised by him will take all
reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface of the servient
tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original condition.
F - 27
PART 4
DRAIN
SEWAGE
..
REFERRED
TO
IN
which the right shall be capable of enjoyment, and every person authorised by him, from time
to time and at all times by means of pipes to drain sewage and other waste material and fluid
in any quantities across and through the land herein indicated as the servient tenement,
together with the right to use, for the purposes of the easement, any line of pipes already laid
within the servient tenement for the purpose of draining sewage or any pipe or pipes in
replacement or in substitution therefore and where no such line of pipes exists, to lay, place
and maintain a line of pipes of sufficient internal diameter beneath or upon the surface of the
servient tenement, and together with the right for the grantee and every person authorised by
him, with any tools, implements, or machinery, necessary for the purpose, to enter upon the
servient tenement and to remain there for any reasonable time for the purpose of laying,
inspecting, cleansing, repairing, maintaining, or renewing such pipe line or any part thereof
and for any of the aforesaid purposes to open the soil of the servient tenement to such extent
as may be necessary provided that the grantee and the persons authorised by him will take all
reasonable precautions to ensure as little disturbance as possible to the surface of the servient
tenement and will restore that surface as nearly as practicable to its original condition.
PART 5
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR REPAIRS .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
1.
The owner of the lot benefited may:

(a)
at the expiration of at least one week's notice served on the owner or occupier
of a lot burdened, use the lot burdened for the purpose of carrying out
necessary work on, or on any structure on, the lot benefited which cannot
otherwise reasonably be carried out,
(b)
2.

taking anything on to the lot burdened.
(a)
ensure all work on the lot benefited is done properly and carried out as quickly
as is practicable, and
(b)

F - 28
(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 6
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR BATTER .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
1.

(a)
construct and maintain on the lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, whatever batter or embankment is reasonably necessary to support
the surface or subsurface of the lot benefited or any part of it, or any structure
or works on the lot benefited, and
(b)
2.
3.

carrying out work.
The owner of the lot burdened must not:

(a)
interfere with the batter or embankment or the support it offers, or
(b)
use the site of this easement, or any other part of the lot burdened, or any other
land, in a way which may detract from the stability of or the support provided
by the batter or embankment.
If the owner of the lot burdened does or allows anything to be done which damages
the batter or embankment or impairs its effectiveness, the owner of the lot benefited
may serve no less than 14 days notice on the owner of the lot burdened requiring the
damage to be repaired or the impairment removed.
If the owner of the lot burdened does not comply with the notice, the owner of the lot
benefited may enter and repair the damage or remove the impairment and may
recover any reasonable costs from the owner of the lot burdened.
4.
(a)
(b)

F - 29
(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 7
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF SEWAGE .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a)
drain sewage, sullage and other fluid wastes in pipes through each lot
burdened, but only within the site of this easement, and
(b)
2.

(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 8
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR DRAINAGE OF WATER .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a)
drain water from any natural source through each lot burdened, but only
within the site of this easement, and
(b)
F - 30
2.

maintaining pipes, channels, ditches and equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 9
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR ELECTRICITY PURPOSES .. REFERRED TO IN
1.

(a) transmit electricity through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and
(b) do anything reasonably necessary for that purpose, including:
2.

maintaining poles, wire conduits and equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
F - 31
(e)
make good collateral damage.
PART 10
TERMS OF EASEMENT
1.
OVERHANG
..
REFERRED
TO
IN

(a)
insist that the parts of the structure (the overhanging structure) on the lot
benefited which, when this easement was created, overhung the lot burdened
remain, but only to the extent they are within the site of this easement, and
(b)
must keep the overhanging structure in good repair and safe condition, and
(c)
may do anything reasonably necessary for those purposes, including:
2.
FOR

carrying out work.
(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)
3.
The owner of the lot burdened may insist that this easement be extinguished when the
structure on the lot benefited is removed.
4.
The owner of the lot burdened must not do or allow anything to be done to damage or
interfere with the overhanging structure.
PART 11
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR SERVICES .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED
PLAN:
1.

(a)
use each lot burdened, but only within the site of this easement, to provide
domestic services to or from each lot burdened, and
(b)
F - 32
2.
3.

maintaining pipes, poles, wires, cables, conduits, structures and
equipment.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
For the purpose of this easement, domestic services includes supply of water, gas,
electricity, telephone and television and discharge of sewage, sullage and other fluid
wastes.
PART 12
TERMS OF EASEMENT FOR
1.
SUPPLY
..
REFERRED
TO
IN

(a)
run water in pipes through each lot burdened, but only within the site of this
easement, and
(b)
2.
WATER

(a)
(b)

F - 33
(c)

(d)
(e)
PART 13
TERMS OF EASEMENT TO PERMIT ENCROACHING STRUCTURE TO REMAIN ..
REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:
1.

(a)
insist that the parts of the structure (the encroaching structure) on the lot
benefited which, when this easement was created, encroached on the lot
burdened remain, but only to the extent they are within the site of this
easement, and
(b)
must keep the encroaching structure in good repair and safe condition, and
(c)
do anything reasonably necessary for those purposes, including:
2.

carrying out work.
(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)
3.
The owner of the lot burdened may insist that this easement be extinguished when the
structure on the lot benefited is removed.
4.
The owner of the lot burdened must not do or allow anything to be done to damage or
interfere with the encroaching structure.
F - 34
PART 14
TERMS OF RIGHT OF ACCESS .. REFERRED TO IN ABOVEMENTIONED PLAN:
1.

(a)
by any reasonable means pass across each lot burdened, but only within the
site of this easement, to get to or from the lot benefited, and
(b)
2.

carrying out work within the site of this easement, such as
constructing, placing, repairing or maintaining trafficable surfaces,
driveways or structures.
(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
F - 35
APPENDIX G
EXAMPLE OF A
LOT FILL PLAN
APPENDIX H
EXAMPLE
EASEMENT CERTIFICATE
APPENDIX H
EXAMPLE CERTIFICATE
Council Ref:
General Manager
DX 8117
BLACKTOWN
Dear Sir,
Subdivision of Lot
D.P.
AT
Our final Plan of Subdivision bearing the abovementioned description and reference intends
to create the following easements over the specified lots.
Easement Description
Burdened Lots
1.

1 metre wide.
1506, 1514, to 1519 inclusive,

1523 to 1526 inclusive.
2.

2.5 metres wide.
Lot 1527
Drainage pipes and associated structures are laid wholly within the easements to be created
by registration of the accompanying linen plan.
Yours faithfully,
Signature
Name of Surveyor
(Please Print)
H-1
APPENDIX I
STANDARD
DRAWINGS
APPENDIX I
STANDARD DRAWINGS
A(BS)101M
Standard Kerbs and Gutters
A(BS)102S
Standard Residential Footway and Layback Crossing
A(BS)103S
Standard Industrial and Commercial Footway Crossing
A(BS)104M
Path paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details
A(BS)105S
Standard Pathway Barrier
A(BS)106M
Standard Grated Gully Pit
A(BS)107M
Standard Junction Pit
A(BS)108M
Minor Drainage Collections
A(BS)109M
Standard Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)110S
Accessway Detail
A(BS)111
Step Irons
A(BS)112M
Typical Arrangement of Threshold Pavements at Intersections
A(BS)113M
Standard Street Signs and Posts
A(BS)114S
Standard Floodway Warning Signs and Mounting Bracket
A(BS)115M Construction of Traffic "Shake-Down"

A(BS)116S
Channel Check Dams and Culvert Inlet Protection
A(BS)117S
Sedimentation Basin
A(BS)118
Not Allocated
A(BS)119S
Sediment Traps for Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)120
Not Allocated
A(BS)121M
Sediment Fence and Filters
A(BS)122S
Siltation Traps for Kerb Inlets
I-1
A(BS)124M
Typical locations for signs and markings associated with Wombat Crossings
A(BS)125M
Standard Indented Bus Bay
A(BS)126S
Typical Calming Device for Residential Roads
A(BS)127S
Rural Vehicular Crossing
A(BS)128S
Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - with Path Paving
A(BS)129S
Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - without Path Paving
A(BS)131M
Standard Wombat Crossing, All Roads
A(BS)132
Not Required
A(BS)133
Not Required
A(BS)134S
Standard Bicycle Path
A(BS)136S
Typical OSD Discharge Control Pit
A(BS)137S
Special Pathway Barrier for Electric Mobility Scooter
A(BS) 143M Pedestrian Refuge Guideline (currently under review see AS 1742.10 or RMS
Technical directive 2011-01A)
A(BS) 152M Boom Gate for Council Reserves
I-2

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Engineering Guide for

Growing With Pride

FEBRUARY 2005 REVISION 1 ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT

Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals

Email registrations can be sent to: council@blacktown.nsw.gov.au

Fax registrations can be sent to: (02) 9831-1961

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

Blacktown City Council

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

Slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal.

Australian Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steel.

Person qualified to issue certificates and operate as a Principal Certifying

AR&R (1998) Australian Rainfall and Run-off (1998).

Average Recurrence Interval.

Australian Standards published by the Standards Association of Australia and

Co-ordinator Council's Co-ordinator Engineering Approvals of Council's Development

Blacktown City Council as represented by its employees.

Person approving or inspecting works on behalf of Council.

Notice of Determination giving Subdivision or Development Consent.

All expressed and implied Specifications, Standards, Drawings and

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

Person who is a practising Engineer registered on the Institution of Engineers,

Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, as amended.

Environmental Protection Authority.

Fibre Reinforced Cement pipe.

Blacktown City Council's Engineering Guide for Development.

National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.

A laboratory accredited by NATA to undertake the specific test referred to in

Occupational Health & Safety.

On-site Stormwater Detention.

Permissible Site Discharge.

Reinforced Concrete Pipe.

Rectangular Hollow Section.

Roads & Maritime Services (Formerly RTA)

Roads & Traffic Authority, New South Wales ( now RMS)

Area of land being developed under the Subdivision or Development Approval.

Stormwater Quality Improvement Device.

Site Storage Requirement.

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

Unconfined Compressive Strength.

Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (referring to pipe).

Vitrified Clay Pipe.

Works as Executed Plan.

The development of land as described by the Drawings and Specifications (the

Water Sensitive Urban Design.

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT -February 2005

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL

ENGINEERING GUIDE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2005

CHECKLIST FOR ENGINEERING PLANS

ON-SITE DETENTION GENERAL GUIDELINES & CHECKLIST

COUNCIL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES