PRACTICAL CHINESE READE ELEMENTARY COURSE * Book I dt 1B Be x FW UA ae ic HIT THE COMMERCIAL PRESS ( o. 1986,», Beijing - at1986 Published by the Commercial Press, 36 Wanfujing Street, Beijing, China Typeset by the Peijing Languages Institute Printing House, _ Beijing, China Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN) P.O, Box 399, Beijing, China Printed in the People’s Republic of ChinaBEF Lesson 31 secre a. S=+xiR Lesson 32 - a. H ® CONTENTS Wx Text RET RRP T tE% Notes ik” The prefix “3” RIERA A period of time and a point of time “2° REE “&”used to ask about degree or extent MWS PIR Substitution and Extension fgesee Reading Text AiR ist Grammar 1, HH The time-measure complement 2. WEIL M HR Pa. Bae: Hy WR 49°98 Substitution and Extension ix Reading Text #fyA Grammar 1, JLARERRNY “dE” 4] Some special types of “sentences 2. SOLAR “Ke To LLSp? The construction “BRT --DL5p” Lesson 48—. He Text erenaey =. EF Notes iB“CByid “iy” The modal particle “fy” =. BRST Substitution and Extension Pa. BRAT Reading Text —xA Hi, iF% Grammar 1, RM Let Notional passive sentences 2, Seige The interrogative pronouns of general denotation 3. “HBA” The construction “pie ft? SEDI ALIR Lesson 19 ceecscccsssscsecessceece one —. He Text Rileek MER RST =. EH Notes “Berthen” The construction f+ jh.” =. FRG IR Substitution and Extension Fa. BBR Reading Text HAtE(O% Hi, iM Grammar 1. “He 4y “yh” sentences 2. “Aji H-” The construction “FRE Tif Hee” A+R Lesson 50 #3 Revision ssesenaesee 487 —. HO Text brhAyiEIL =. ER Notes #% The approximate number SWIM The repeated form of a numeral-measure word =. GASB Making Conversation After the Pictures Wo. Wise A Brief Summary of Grammar 1, SWI (2) Sentences with verbal predicate (2) 2, WALA Ait Some structures used incomplex sentences 3, WI “ESE TUS RQ 2. Ae, Ab LE J ILS A? on, BAA Le LET EDA, RH, ENA Bik, 2D FH MKRBKIZASFH, Gh, PA, Oh Sem #, #£, ESS obR Tr, FR, FED 4, GS, 2S pe T. RE ER 4. ORE T LEC) PETE RET REG) PRI UPR, OL, BER, 10HR, BER, TAF 4, oe, mFS FA, #, A454 HR, PRLS, OF 5. RANT ESE BE J —RE LG? RENT A BE PL, RETTIG T EAS FS DAY AB, —hT FT, FULD SH HR, PED, HB WR, —hF PH, -AIL* FA, ADR, KS Soy Ris, RENE], La 6. KATMRRS ARK A HS? RAZ M RK HA, REMAR, iwApe eS, as FAR PRWRD, te, Za AP RA, ewe, — PRE KA, fF, ASA (<) 1, fie IpF4R Going through one’s customs formalities A: TUL RA A A889 a BAF RAW PR, A: ASA IL AF 2 BA CURR ACAM RE, A: #38, HS? B: Ay ILE, (bao packet) JA, AIA. A A BURK (baoguan to apply to customs) WY AR B37 B EA. 2, it: Meeting somebody at the airport 12AGM, BEAPHAWRALS? BAM, RARE KA— A: Apo BLA, RIPEP ROK Re ie MBI AA FL BH URE, RRB A BESS Bi ARIF, ere LAGE BIL, TR RAVE T+ SD A ERLE To At Fr 18 BILE ARG BBWS, : a eal Talking about Ra A ARIE & fe PE PA) ILA? &RESAPAPISS. RAS LEKFPLA FARKAS, A BEALL CR) KC) BP BR, RAE FRFI TF RIB AM RERA, RAEKZA-T 13ik, AB AUER TR P MRK Se BERG REZS-#ES, 4, ALaFAR MLA A Coming across somebody whom one hasn’t seen for a long time A ARRAS] EL TRAIL T 2 B RARE crianjn Tianjin) Jy ARLE TERSA, A EAMLIFA * He BR, REAM A, PAR RGF moe | Vi a ee m a cS aSAn Banat enaeee Bp RHR MR ob] BREL, PS RFEAUVAKE' D 14ve viol RE, MAREE, KER RMOR OKT. LEE, SREP SMM: “% FARAH AR FIRMLY” Ae EBs “RARE, HAL HK A ckeo to sit for an examination) 3 FR FAK.” “Pet SEMA DRA’ 17” “RETABTI.” “ARR FE ABIL” “ & fe BH (Vannén Yunnan Province) _ “MIR HE 2 EG HR?” “R—PA.” EASATAEPAET, LAR: UE ILE AVIRA” “RA 0” “Re HME BRIA, MESBBLE URE.” “REELTA, HBRAMRF KA. WNB 15AO AMRIE, BAM MRR RPO THT, A ATE” “SS RV RA SZET. MBI, Z di: «ANA aH, else RULE kA POPE, ETRE TAO BIL, AA BNR aK FE PLAY HE BE ” “Da AS 1” “RAH REF cia to get ot) HE JT, RE Pe keaT Ph Bie ME TE eR SET, SHER, MR-BPR, BM” “Bae, BIL, AMES FER UE LAG RPS IB, BA BWSR, He & 1, IER#M# = The time-measure complement IRE 275i LER INE, RL — zh feat — php BHASKM A, BEDE BINS. Glin: 16A time-measure complement placed after a verb is em- ployed to show the duration of an action or a state, ¢.8. acmakitia) a ghia | gearranoaicaial | Bia Noun or Verb Par- |Numeral-measure| Par- pronoun ticle | word indicating ticle | time I fe | Re | TR a \CBR) BOR ei AE RAN (ee) pal HAMAR, KERR, HM ANB CER howid Zia. A verb with an object is generally repeated, and the verb » may be followed at its second appearance by a time-measure complement if the sentence contains one. ial | hid | Ail ent fede sutid || att saad | Noun or | Verb \Noun or [Repeated |Par-| Numeral-measure pronoun pronoun | verb [ticle}word indicating tim \ i | ; | aN ¥ | te | + (Tata 17HR sem as) | mA, | —al4, #7 me WARIERE SAL, BPEGMA DS Bede ah ah FA, RHEAMS M8 ZA T Lin “By”, If the object is a non-personal pronoun, the time-measure complement (sometimes with “fy” ) may also be put between the verb and its object. | id) 3h ial Bhi) AMADA BA Bhi“Ay?| aa Noun] Verb [Par-| Numeral-mea- | Particle Noun ticle) sure word indi- cating time SRE, SO) TRURIEM, WAVER IREAL, fl 18an The object may be put before the subject of a sentence for emphasis or when the object has a very complicated struc- ture, ¢.g. RRBTRR IAPS OM. LAGARRE DEG KAMER ML TR. HAAR OE, BAR Ds ik RE HE RT —-TS NA MRF.” The former kind of word order normally does not apply to sentences containing a complicated object such as the sentences mentioned above. For example, it is wrong to say “HET AB itt BAHT 6” dag, R}EANE IF, MRA WDA AT’, DAE ABT MIRAI aH TEESE TT. BIN: Note that when a sentence with a time-measure com- plement and an aspect particle “J” after its verb, contains a modal particle “J” at the end, the idea that the action is still continuing is suggested. E.g. AMNZFI TORSO PLT. Geemese 23] It means the action “study” is still continuing.) 19RAFI TAPOPL. qunsceawe #43] It does not tell whether the action “study? is still contin- uing or not.) 2, BERL’ A“S” The approximate number indicators “JU? and “4” AOU ARATE ORE HAA. M “MAK, “AIL IRE, SLE. , “IL? may be used to indicate an unspecific number smaller than ten as in “MAK (several people)”, “EIA (ten-odd hours)” and “Tub A aR (some dozens /of / stu- dents)”. ut FASB ARAL, SS” AEM, BCE RRB: “%” as an approximate indicator of number, cannot , stahd alone, but must be used after an integer to show the re- mainder of the figure: CHE” AS Beil, i “TBAB, SS ”, . “%” can be used after “4-” or “Fy (bai, hundred)” as in ‘Teer (ten-odd books)” an “SaS® (over three cen- (2) “peer eten BEAM, WER SAiMZiA, seat WHAM. Mu “HPSA, TB, Hee", SRS’. “Z> may be used between a measure word and a noun, or after a measure-noun, to express the remainder of a round 20figure, as in “=4*4 4 (Over three months)’, “AB shit @ little over an hour)”, “— 464 (one thousand odd)” and y “RF (a little longer than one day)”. & 3 1 are ieee Ais BS Somethings OR-k BOR FEI Zo—T+AUR @ 2S HDS HSH OAS LM BNF A MHZ yoolmr KF » wethan one Ho : i” moerren 10 +E REI SF SRT 24S BA SRR ILFAS F motedean | 0 PILBEIE soni @ wa aR meme AE LIER Skt ASH FH AAR ore 21OD AAR THRE ARMIDMAW ARLA CHAE 2, svi A LANES RT IF, Complete the following sentences with verbs and time-measure complements: @ RETA BRA DF path ar, +-224+98 aL, a @ 137 FMEEEFERE, RAE BAILA, BEAT ST» @ HL ROTPHE, MRAP BR, WABLAETYA (31h © -AEAF+A RIBERA, W AREAS FHT PERS © M~ PERL, Hee Bl, feasts = 8% . © RPPSRRELULRFRR, Bo A RAR, RE BS SHS 223. FAR Sige PEAT MB Oy AIF. Use the following phrases to make sentences that contain a time-measure complement: Bl: ve te co ere thee J +H ORE © FR © BA OD DFE O RYF © AR le Of -& A Sw TAH SR, . ORL © ARE © PRB © ARE © KKH © REKRE 4, RETRO AAO LESAGE, HES RM. Answer orally the foliowing questions according to the timetable given and then write a short composition putting together all the answers: 6210 BR 6: 10—6: 4048 te 6:40-7:15 SRK T#15—7' 35°%-77235—7:55 RES BH 8:00—12! 00_LiR 12: 00—12: 30% FR 12! 30—2: 000k. & :00—3: 00% KH" :00—4:00F RR or BEL :30—5: 3085 ZR :40—6: 008 FOR + 00-6 30¥E, Be HR :30-——9:308 3 :30—10: 00%F af I] vers 10:3088 3% “= @ REAL RRR? BAYES K at 1a}2 , @ WERK GRE FRA ARK? @ MIL RRS. BERS ae 24 oOo mn a o1 > wo dSBYR AAT EP Jd RY ARE © 12% FU BUR A? © FRESE MRS THRE VA MRIE VET A? OD BEF FRA RIG? @ TRL IL EB Dee RIL Ae @) BREIL TE A? a0 Apa KA ILS DOT 2 an KOBE TSEM MG PLT 1y P-AMEHRET LP AT 1 5. EF FFE MIIF, Translate the following into Chi- nese: (1) Last autumn the student returned from. abroad for the first time. () His visit began at two p.m. and lasted two hours. (3) Every week we study for six days and have one day off. (4) He sometimes watches TV for about half -an hour in the evening or listens to news for 15 minutes or so.(5) He has been translating this grammar book for more than two months. (6) This summer I did not stay in Shanghai for long, I was there only a few days. (7) The Chinese students study very hard abroad to pre- pare themselves for the country’s four modernizations. 6. @ABis: Make conversation about the pictures: Bb TIA? AP AEF RH Fy? RESO[& | #8 ro) RI] O ~ 27Sooo ToT TT TTT) Td ae R |e SE | " rl | Sian x ho] | Plt fale al IN| ie fethae ae] fee te] || pil) [ak] fad) atiet| ae) fa a) |e 2823| = | aa ; | ole ul $i] 7 7 4 F 25) ae |e w | le ea pestatatstatstatatatey i DO YOU KNOW? i heasacacevoratneneese st Twelve Animal Names Used to Symbolize the Year of Birth After telling you how old he is, a Chinese will some- times add “I was born in the Horse yeai”, or “I was born in the Hare year”. The animal names “Horse” and “Hare” are used to symbolize the year in which a person is born. There are two peculiar sets of serial numbers in China known as the Heavenly Stems and the Earthly Branches, which were used for centuries in the past to designate years, months and days. The Heavenly Stems are: “fl” (the first of the ten Heavenly Stems), “Z, i, I, &, G, Be, 2%. E and 3%” (indicating respectively the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, 29seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth Heavenly Stems). The Earthly Branches are: “¥-” (the first of the Twelve Earthly Branches), “H, #, 90, RR, GB, 4, A, HH, BW, Pe and B” (indicating the rest of the twelve Earthly Branches”. The Ten Heavenly Stems combine with the Twelve Earthly Branches to form a sequential series of two-char acter phrases, and these are used to designate years, months and days. “FA-f-” (formed of the first of the Ten Heavenly Stems and the first of the Twelve Earthly Branches), “7,71” are the first two of the sequential series. According to this way of designation, 1981 is the year of “3 py”. The Chinese traditionally associate the Twelve Earthly Branches also with twelve names of animals in a definite order to designate different years of birth. They are: +f Rat), HA (Ox), HIE (Tiger), 90% (Hare), fe#z (Dragon), Bike (Snake), FH (Horse), #2 (Sheep), Hijf— (Monkey), BRxS (Cock), Fesy (Dog), HI (Pig)”. According to this designating method, the year 1981 is the Cock year, and children born in 1981 are said to be born in the Cock year. 30e hi K, RESHK. REREM 31- Some Oherg ESP, Es Baik. ALE—*S BHT ae that biter 1 bie REbca SRARE, thie uke taein | of » 7 Bhs 7 & »> oH & be = RE, 7 BRAT, dekathee pee ooh pry abe See ake Dee yee hc Fei Yau ar tata: KH dest, HR MERAY BB? 2M, UEE-KKESM. Avath Bit tt Zhe : 2A, AT, Suh ta fist ‘S WR, ATHAELA, vanzong Mang yey RISA, EF IL se ve, jeteee 2 KK, MH CRH BEBE HS? » AER iikbibaion PHMAKI. HHS BH SFI gh : 33 RApry thes pee abe « oe uh Pa 1 RL 2. OL 34 2 eREE He erdu DP -0oa fo FR, KALB EAL ug 1 yw LOR < “Y J Qivethis k: HH, ATRLAHE, BEB HRA, BIA HI, K RETZARBH, ZALES Hk, Mt, ALY = (4) zijin |. recently; lately (Hp) toushT to examine by fluoroscope; to take X-ray examination12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, Gh (4) Hy) guo yiwisud kan (bing) (Hh, &) bing (ah, A) sidncha A) Gi) ap (e9) GD (4) (4) Gp Aé Aé (4 Gap (A) 790 difang bian Sr na bido an IA xian n’iké STS yTqian dé (bing) ea féiyan féi xTnzang ling xuéyd eq ar a particle clinic to see (a doctor,ete.) to be.ill; illness to have a check-up; check- up; a physical examination place @ measure word to get; to take form (application form, ete.) first medical department before; in the past to fall ill; to contract a disease , pneumonia lungs heart to measure blood pressure 3520, 21, 22, 23, 2d, 25, 26. Le aR RF FR (A) xu (CB) zhéngchéng (4&4) yanjing (&) biz sy (Ai) Brduo ager CAR) zhéyang blood normal; regular eye nose ear so; such; like this ze (4) shéngming life ea iZ (4) zhishi knowledge gS 3 = 4 E Be Changchéng The Great Wall Abe Beihai Beihai Park KKM R ES» «Danao- “The Monkey Creates tiGngdng» Havoc in Heaven” a 3% AF (4%) gan liver ah (Hh) tién to fill By (AY wai FS" stomach NF (#) gaz height; stature; build BsQS BKK (4) toufa hair. (on the human head) 6. Oe (4) zut Le mouth ut g =. F 1, “NK, BES BALE IL?” |e? BRERA ARTE. BP ELARS AB DELLE EA MA, WEIR hl. bE ERS Ay Wane”, dnb T” BE” Se ME AE ACHBA, RAMA, WATE, on “BI. “ak” is an intimate form of address for “#K49f,”. It is common practice among Chinese to prefix the surname of a friend with “/)\” if he or she is very young, and with “#” if he or she is no longer young. When addressing close friends or members of the family such as the husband, wife, brothers, sisters or anybody of the younger generation, given names are used. “483”, for example, is customarily used for “BR AB IE”, 2, “HAC —-7TS BINT.” “It’s over a week since we came to Beijing.” re ee ee Re REREAD RABE GUULIEIDD Ao— Bent ial, tT CURERINE. Sid #RIS, MINE LTE Za. Bl in: Certain actions such as these expressed by “3K, &, FB, WIE, Pip” cannot be continued. To indicate a period of time from the occurrence of this kind of actions until the time of speaking, however, the time-measure complements may 37also be used and they are usually placed after the Object of the sentence if the verbal Predicate is followed by one, e.g. eR ATRILCR— FST, TFROEAA BDH IT, RON IE fe FR HH, EE, 3. “KIK Ey ROR NE CRED HD aa ees Fro CRB BAA AER RRS — PBIB NBL eZ K RAW HK, UPLB: Fae GE TIMES. BARE Hp ARR PM ERER. “The Monkey Creates Havoc in Heaven” is a colour animated cartoon based on the mythological novel “Pilgrimage to the West” written in 16th century by the great Chi- nese writer Wu Chengen. The story describes how Xuan Zang, a monk of the Tang Dynasty, went on a Pilgrimage to In- dia for Buddhist scriptures. By using positive romanticist technique the author created the characters, the Monkey, Pigie and various others, who are known literally to everyone in China. 4, SB ARES = jae” AWD” (@) TUR RHEBERS, — ARATE RETA] 4 Be aE REM DT. MRA, OO BER Aaa, REE DWE TA. Bilin The adverb “i” (3) often found in an interrogative sentence or a sentence with an optative verb, may be used to indicate that the action referred to is going to take place once again, 38