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Force vs Displacement
12
Force (kN)
10
6
4
case 0 =
0
0
, where l0 is
1 1
0
, therefore,
= 2
1
2 2
12
Displacement (mm)
, where F is the
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
, where l0 is
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Transversal Strain
Material Model
4.
= (1 + )
= ln(1 + )
Because of the fact that two different deformations have been defined, e L and eT, there will
be two different true stresses and true strains.
= (1 + )
= (1 + )
= ln(1 + )
= ln(1 + )
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
5.
The yield stress-plastic strain introduced for the material is a good approximation to get a
complete overview of how the material behaves. So that, when comparing it with the true
stress-true strain curve it seems to have a similar shape and slope.
Looking at the engineering stress-engineering strain curves, it is clearly seeable that the
model does not seem any similar to them. The stresses are quite smaller. This model is
intended for true stress and strain plots as said before. Note that the true stress and strain
are similar from the engineering stress and strain at small deformation regime but the stress
is higher than the engineering stress once the strain starts increasing and the specimen
cross section decreases.
Looking at the true stress-true strain using a longitudinal extensometer, note that it follows
the material model pretty well. Only when the maximum stress is achieved, the values of
true stress start decreasing as there is no longer a homogeneous stress/strain state on the
specimen. This, macroscopically, corresponds to the necking zone in the middle part of the
specimen. When performing the simulation in abaqus, as the necking appears, the elements
start getting distorted and the calculation cannot be done properly. That is why both curves
do not match each other. In order to avoid that, it is posible to perform the calculus using a
transversal extensometer, but in this case, there is no improvement whatsoever.