Hydrological Analysis Of Urban Flood Control Planning

Illustrated by the case of Aletengxire town, Yijinhuoluo County

Sen Du
School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Lanzhou Jiaotong University
LanZhou,China
E-mail: csgh03@163.com
AbstractThis paper utilizes the method that designs flood
according to torrential rain material to perform hydrological
analysis of aletengxire town, Yijinhuoluo County, Erdos City.
The paper quantitatively analyses the designing of flood under
standard designing conditions. The paper suggests that the
river dredging should be widened and the rivers drainage
capacity should be strengthened. In summary, the paper
provides a scientific basis for the rational development of the
regions flood control planning.
Keywords-torrential rain; flood; quantitative analysis; flood
control planning

I.

INTRODUCTION

Aletengxire town is located in Erdos city,the north of

Yijinhuoluo, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Ulam
Mulun River runs across its north, where Habagexi County is
situated. The geographical position of the town is between
10931'E and 10953E, 3930'N and 3938 N, the length
between the east and the west is about 33 kilometers , northsouth is 13km, about 295 square kilometers of the total area .
TABLE I.

Aletengxire town is located in hinterland of Erdos

Plateau, a typical half drought area, but the thundershowers
fall frequently.so when storm hits and continues, flood tends
to break out. And, with Aletengxire town's rapid economic
development, the process of urbanization in this area
advances dramatically. As the city population increases and
the demand for urban land rapidly expands, the urban
infrastructure construction requirements are also constantly
increasing. In order to get itself well adapted to the
sustainable development of the economy and well protect the
security of peoples life and property from flooding, flood
control facilities of the town should be strengthened.
The implementation of flood control project construction
not only improves the town's environmental quality, but also
helps the upgrading of the town's infrastructure.This could
also contribute greatly to the development of local tourism
and the related industries
II.

DESIGN STORM

A. Rainstorm Observation,Survey Data

ALETENGXIRE TOWN 1986-2007 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (MM) (28 YEARS)

Yea
rs
1980

Jan

Feb

Mar

April

May

June

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Total

1.1

2.7

23.2

6.7

16

29.7

36.9

92.8

42.6

18.8

0.9

271.4

1981

0.5

0.5

13.5

1.2

1.8

19.9

93.9

30.8

19.8

70.6

5.8

0.3

194.7

1982

10.8

32.7

8.7

102.8

101.4

33.4

23.5

3.5

325.3

1983

2.4

2.8

24

21.9

48

65.9

89.2

41.6

35.7

1.1

339.6

1984

0.4

2.9

8.6

52.7

67.8

106.1

140.1

34.3

12.7

1.7

6.7

433.6

1985

0.4

0.1

3.4

59.1

35.6

41.7

284.2

54.6

5.5

481.6

1986

6.3

29.3

4.1

7.6

64.3

34

49.2

16.3

11.5

2.3

5.8

230.7

1987

2.2

0.3

2.3

10.6

14.8

41.5

20.2

93.3

27.7

14.1

3.4

230.2

1988

3.4

19.5

0.3

88.3

40.7

124.9

89.3

22.1

9.4

0.6

394.5

1989

1.4

7.4

3.5

17.4

5.1

72

40.7

89.3

34.8

3.3

5.1

0.2

279.9

1990

0.5

7.8

44.6

51.7

18.5

36.7

116.8

66.3

50.5

14.6

2.3

409.8

1991

1.2

20.6

4.04

53.8

77.2

55.8

36.4

18.2

15.1

2.6

325.3

1992

0.2

24.5

8.3

18.9

41.5

104.5

139.7

37.9

7.4

9.7

4.6

397.2

1993

3.7

3.1

0.4

1.9

7.4

6.5

124.1

87

21.8

9.9

14.3

298.1

1994

2.2

15.5

23.4

93.8

211.7

28.5

13.4

17.3

4.3

417.1

1995

0.1

0.5

0.4

0.3

7.4

15.6

156.4

149.7

35.4

20.6

0.5

386.9

1996

6.1

18.6

3.3

48.6

92.1

107.1

17.3

63.9

365

1997

1.2

1.9

25.4

8.6

15.9

55.1

122.5

48.8

11

1.2

9.4

301

1998

3.7

4.8

11.3

18.1

50.8

42.7

240.4

43.8

37.7

14.9

468.2

1999

1.7

10.1

53.8

24.1

27.2

25.8

65.6

3.7

5.1

1.1

218.2

2000

4.5

0.2

1.7

1.7

33

66

55.7

24.9

17.2

1.3

0.2

206.4

2001

1.7

0.6

36.8

4.3

5.3

37.7

88.9

50.4

21.9

7.8

4.5

259.9

2002

4.3

7.1

34.4

44.9

107

170

38.2

53.1

0.8

5.6

465

2003

0.1

3.5

20.9

49.3

58.5

48.6

111.8

48.3

61.8

17

12.7

0.8

433.3

2004

1.6

2.4

0.3

4.9

19.6

93.1

133.6

28.9

11.9

0.1

9.3

305.7

2005

0.5

2.4

3.4

4.7

71.4

25.3

72.1

105.3

17.8

8.2

2.8

313.9

2006

6.5

1.9

3.5

39.4

10.8

73.2

65.8

42.7

5.9

9.2

0.4

259.3

2007

6.2

24.9

1.6

26.6

76.8

81.7

97.5

30.2

32.3

0.4

4.1

382.3

B. Rainstorm causes and Characteristics

Erdos secluded hinterland of Eurasia, away from the sea,
by the polar air mass, form a typical temperate continental
climate. Most of the year for the northwest flow control,
only the summer season the southeast monsoon with marine
water vapor to enter the mainland, form the precipitation
process. Precipitation was more in southeast than the
northwest, the annual precipitation gradually from 440
millimeter to 150 millimeter. Erdos Citys annual rainfall
on average is 293.6 mm, where precipitation outweighs its
rainfall.
The Yijinhuoluo county is located in the southern part of
the Erdos Plateau, all county average annual rainfall of
346.6mm, and the space-time and the uneven geographical
distribution of, precipitation mostly concentrated in July,
August and September, three month precipitation accounted
for 60-70% of the annual precipitation, summer precipitation
accounted for more than 70% of the annual precipitation,
especially in heavy rain up to 7-8 months, sometimes a
rainstorm can be accounted for more than 40% of the annual
precipitation. Drought and rainy seasons are very clear.
Precipitation intensity, and often heavy rain occurred,
rainfall mostly to the thundershowers, storm intensity, short
duration, is apt to cause floods.
C. History of Heavy Rain
From 1980 to 2007, the town of Aletengxire rainstorm 23
times, average 0.45 times a year. According to statistics, one
hour maximum rainfall of 42.2mm, 6 hours maximum
rainfall of 88.1mm, appeared in the July 23, 2002, 12-hour
maximum rainfall of 101.6mm, appear in the August, 5,
1985, 24-hour maximum rainfall of 106.6mm, and appear in
the August 5, 1985. Aletengxire town no historical flood data
to follow, according to the survey down the heavy rainfall in
the region in the 1980s, but the township the inside of the
flood level is only less than two steps. Life and property
safety of town residents in the district has not suffered losses.
However, with the rapid economic development of
Aletengxire town and the continuous progress of the
urbanization process, urban areas are not permeable
dramatic increase in floor area. With the increasing urban
population and urban land size of the rapidly expanding,
urban infrastructure requirements are also rising, in order to

adapt to the needs of sustainable development of the city's

economy and protect people's lives and property from flood
threat, urgent need to improve the city's flood control
facilities to protect the safety of the city's flood control.
III.

HYDROLOGIC CALCULATION

A. Design flood flow calculation

In this region the design flood flow mainly uses Inner
Mongolia hydrological Handbook flood empirical formula.
Drainage basin characteristics value according to the 1:2000
topographic map with. Design rainstorm using Inner
Mongolia hydrological Handbook in heavy rain and
rainstorm data parameters are calculated. The Institute of
science of highway of experience formula and Hydraulic
Research Institute Institute of hydrology reasoning formula,
to verify the Inner Mongolia hydrological Handbook the
experience formula calculation results[1].
1)
Storm Data and rainstorms calculated parameters
Storm Data from the Dongsheng District, Erdos City
weather station from 1980 to 2007, heavy rain the amount of
data for statistical analysis: Years of maximum 24-hour
average rainstorm was 57 mm.
Heavy rain descending index: n1 = 0.6,n2 = 0.7;
Coefficient of variation: CV = 0.80;
Coefficient of skewness: CS = 2.5CV;
Check the Inner Mongolia hydrological Handbook ,
get Pearson curve model KP value than the coefficient, 24hour maximum rainfall value is seeking a different design
frequency(Table II).
TABLE II.
Frequen
cyP%

H24p
mm

DESIGN FREQUENCY OF 24-HOUR MAXIMUM

RAINFALL

10

221.730

189.810

148.200

116.280

It can be seen from Table II that twenty years a case of

24-hour maximum rainfall for the 148.200 mm , in case of
24 hours in a 50-year maximum rainfall for 189.810mm.
2)
Hydrological formula
a) Inner Mongolia empirical formula.

QM = CFn

(1)
Qmp = KpQm
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region hydrological
Handbook of peak flow variation coefficient CV and area F
TABLE III.

experience curve, CV=0.8, CS=3.0CV, found 20 years design

flood coefficient Kp value is 2.61. 50 years of design flood
coefficient Kp value is 3.42[2].

INNER MONGOLIA HYDROLOGY MANUAL FORMULA

Name

Watershed
area
(square
kilometer)

Peak flow
modulus
C

Area
reduction
coefficient
n

Peak flow
(In 20 years)
m3/s

Peak flow
(In 50 years)
m3/s

Liu ditch HeFang Flood canal

A

3.7

3.93

0.7

25.632

33.586

Liu ditch HeFang Flood canal

B period

8.66

3.93

0.7

46.483

60.908

Palm hillock
FangHongQu

river

39.22

5.42

0.6

127.863

167.544

DongGong haizi FangHongQu

80.02

5.42

0.6

196.181

257.065

No.

figure

b) The empirical formula of the Highway Research

Institute.

QP = CSPF

23

(2)

As in (2):C is the coefficient determined by the landform

(Stone Mountain: C = 0.6 to 0.55); Hilly area: C = 0.5 ~ 0.40;
Loess hilly area: C = 0.47 ~ 0.37; Plain District: C = 0.4 ~
TABLE IV.
No.

3
4

Name
Liu
ditch
HeFang Flood
canal A
Liu
ditch
HeFang Flood
canal
B
period
Palm hillock
figure river
FangHongQu
DongGong
haizi
FangHongQu

EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH INSTITUTE TABLE TYPE STYLES

In 20 years
S24 rainfall
mmh

Watershed
area
(km2)

Landform
factor
C

3.7

0.37

57.12

0.37

57.12

39.22

0.37

57.12

80.05

0.37

57.12

8.66

SP

Once in 20 years.
Meter peak flow
m3/s

Once in 50 years.
Meter peak flow
m3/s

50.78

64.75

89.77

114.97

73.16

246.97

320.92

73.16

398.33

502.78

In 50 years
S24 rainfall
mmh
73.16

73.16

c) Hydrological Institute of Hydraulic Research

Institute for Rational Formula

Qp = 0.278

0.30); SP is the frequency of p,when heavy rain amount (mm

/ h), SP= H24p/241-n.Then once in 20 years the design storm
the amount of S24= 148.2/241-0.7 = 57.12 (in mm / h), 50
year return period design storm volume for the S24=
189.81/241-0.7= 73.16 (mm/h); n is the
heavy rain
decreasing coefficient, taking n = 0.7; F is the catchment
area (km2).

(3)

As in (3), QP is the different frequency P peak flow (m3 /

s); F is the watershed catchment area (km2);SP is the
frequency p. When the rainstorm (mm/ h) , the SP =
H24p/241-n;H24p for many years when the frequency is p,the

average maximum average 24-hour rainfall, maximum 24

hours rainfall coefficient of variation CV = 0.85, CS =
3.5,CV. is the watershed convergence time (h), = 0.278L /
V,V for the convergence speed, check the Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region hydrology manual, take V = 1.2 m / s.n
is the heavy rain decreasing coefficient, taking n = 0.7.Peak
run off coefficient, check the Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region hydrology manual, take the peak runoff coefficient of
0.92.

The parameters in the formula with a distinct

region,considering the impact of the different regions of
TABLE V.
N0.
1

3
4

Name
Liu
ditch
HeFang
Flood canal A
Liu
ditch
HeFang
Flood canal B
period
Palm hillock
figure river
FangHongQu
DongGong
haizi
FangHongQu

IV.

parameter, reflecting the actual situation of the basin[3].

HYDRAULIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGICAL INSTITUTE FOR RATIONAL FORMULA

In 20 years
S24 rainfall
mmh

Once in 50 years.
Meter peak flow
m3/s

Watershed
area
(km2)

concentr
ation
time

3.7

2.32

57.12

73.16

29.99

38.41

8.66

2.32

57.12

73.16

70.19

89.90

39.22

5.33

57.12

73.16

177.59

227.46

80.05

5.33

57.12

73.16

362.47

464.25

CONCLUSIONS

The designing of flood for the flood applies three

formulas to calculate and analyze[4]. According to the
various flood control district catchment area and flood the
terrain of the sub-region, topography, main gully length and
longitudinal, the actual situation of the surface runoff
coefficient calculated, analysis, to determine the flood flow
of each drainage channel.
According to the principle of multiple methods,
comprehensive analysis and reasonable choice, our formula
calculation results were compared[5]. An empirical formula
of Inner Mongolia hydrology manual only considers the
hydrological regionalization, confluence area, and the design
frequency of peak flow. The empirical formula of the
Highway Research Institute considers the design frequency
storm, confluence area, geomorphologic features of their
peak flow. Hydraulic Research Institute of Hydrological
Institute reasoning formula gives full consideration to the
frequency of the rainstorm of the region, confluence area,
terrain, topography, main gully length and longitudinal,
runoff situation, convergence parameters characteristic of
their peak flow, the formula is applied to the calculation of
peak flow within the convergence area of 300 square
kilometers. Compared with the above formulas, its
calculation is relatively stable, more in line with the actual
reaction zone within the rainstorm. Meanwhile, the
observations with the existing flood, hydraulic Research
Institute of Hydrological Institute reasoning formula
calculation results are in good agreement with the observed
data. Therefore, the drainage channel of the planning,
designed flood for the eventual adoption of the results of the
Hydrological Institute of Hydraulic Research Institute of
reasoning formula, the calculated results are shown in Table
IV, and V.
Hydrological Institute of Hydraulic Research Institute of
reasoning formula is to calculate the flow of each drainage
channel flood. Based on the topography of the drainage
channel location and geomorphologic features, the research
is conducted by taking full account of the influence of

In 50 years
S24 rainfall
mmh

Once in 20 years.
Meter peak flow
m3/s

topography on the regional convergence time and catchment

flow. In the meantime, a careful analysis and a selection of a
different runoff coefficient and confluence parameters helps
Calculate the flood control channel flood flow.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who
helped me during the writing of this paper. I gratefully
acknowledge the help of my workmate, Dr. Xiaobin Shi,who
has offered me valuable suggestions in the research. I also
owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in City
Planning Institute, from whose devoted teaching and
enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically
prepared for the paper.
I would finally like to express my gratitude to my
beloved wife who has always been helping me out of
difficulties and supporting me without a word of complaint.
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[1]
[2]

[3]

[4]
[5]

D.L.Xu, and H.Xiao,Small watershed design flood calculation

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The Department of energy, the Ministry of water resources,Water
Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Handbook for Design
Flood. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,
1995, pp.349-363.
X.H.Cai,Extraordinary small catchment substation engineering
derivation of design flood, Sichuan hydro power,vol.17, 1998,
pp.20-21.
Y.X.Dong, J.Q.Liu and L.L.Ye,Small basin flood computational
introduction, Hydrology, vol.27, 2007, pp.46-48.
J.Q.Chen, and G.S.Zhan, Calculation of Storm Flood of Small Basins.
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