Antibiotic a substance produced by one type of

microorganism that kills or stops the growth of bacteria by

disrupting the cell wall.
Antigen is a substance such as a protein or glycoprotein
which stimulates the production of antibodies when it entres
the body . Antigens are specific to each microorganism and
need a complementary antibody to bind to it.
Antibody= is a y- shaped protein-produced by plasma cells.
They have a constant region and variable region.and made of 2
pairs of polypeptide chains. 2 heavy and 2 light chains. They
are held together by disulphide bridges. The variable region has
2 binding sited which are complementary to the antigen.
APC- lymphocytes engulf microorganisms- antigens are
processed and presented onto the cell membrane
Bacteriophage-virus which attacts bacteria- virus it has DNA
surrounded by protein,

Bacteriostatic- substance which does not kill but prevents

bacteria from multiplying

INFECTION-

INFLAMMATION=

IMMUNE

INTERFERON=

Plasmid-

Non- specific immune response

Specific immune response-

Vaccine-

Biodegradable= molecules broken down into smaller

molecules and ions by microorganisms such as bacteria and
fungi.
Carbon sink- carbon remains locked plants did not decay
carbon not released as carbondioxide-Eg coal, fossil fuels , peat
bogs

Fossil fuels-

Biodiversity-

Speciation-

Anticodon- a sequence of three nucleotide bases on tRNA that

is complementary to the codon of mRNA
Codon- a sequence of three nucleotides bases on mRNA that
codes for a particular amino acid.
Gene

INTRON

MICROSATALITE-

mRNA-

Autotroph= organic molecule made from inorganic

molecules- co2 and H20 in photosynthesisiproducers
HETEROTROPH-

Co-enzyme- eg NADP and NAD- - organic substance which

plays an important part in enzyme catalysed reactions.

ETC-