Lower Gastrointestinal

Surgery

What will be the extent of resection depending on the site of growth?

Carcinoma

Sigmoid

cecum and ascending colonRight hemicolectomy

Right colic flexureExtended right hemicolectomy
Transverse colonExtended right hemicolectomy or transverse colectomy
Descending colonLeft hemicolectomy.

Duke Staging

colonSigmoid colon resection or extended left hemicolectomy.

TNM Staging
Tumour
T1: Tumour invades submucosa

T2: Tumour invades muscularis

propria
T3: Tumour invades through the
muscularis propria into the
subserosa, or into the pericolic or
perirectal tissues
T4: Tumour directly invades other
organs or structures, and/or
perforates
Node
N0: No regional lymph node
metastasis
N1: Metastasis in 13 regional
lymph nodes
N2: Metastasis in 4 or more
regional lymph nodes
Metastasis
M0: No distant metastasis
M1: Distant metastasis present

Stoma
Ileostomy

Colostomy

Diverticulum: one outpouching.

Diverticula: multiple outpouchings.
Diverticular disease/diverticulosis: the condition of having diverticula.
Diverticulitis: acute inflammation of a diverticulum/diverticula.