Chap-8-Initial Social Assesment and Resettlement Plan

Project: Feasibility cum PDR for 4/6-laning of Ambala to Kaithal section of NH-65
Final Feasibility cum Preliminary Design Report : Chapter-8
CHAPTER 8: INITIAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN

8.1
Social Issues and Impacts

In India ribbon development/Congestion along the National Highways is an uncontrolled phenomenon and the particular
project road is not an exception. Through out the Project Road such type of ribbon development/congestion and
encroachment is a common phenomepnon. This accounts for the most critical areas for the social assessment. The shops,
hotels, restaurants, dhabas, motel and other commercial and residential establishments have direct access to the highway
through the encroachment. At many places the existing ROW is either encroached by the residential and commercial
structures or occupied by the squatter. There are also areas where education, health and religious institutions are
constructed within the ROW on both sides of the road.
The social impact assessment data is being collected through social impact assessment survey to locate each PAP
correctly and to assess the category and quantum of losses, so that compensation mechanism can be decided
accordingly.
8.2
Preliminary Social Screening

The preliminary social screening was done to determine the initial social issues, which require direct attention and detailed
analysis for the purpose of scooping. The preliminary social screening has been conducted concurrently with strip plan
preparation. This process provided an insight to understand the project stretch in the context of social and economic
condition, nature, type and extent of loss etc.
8.3
Social Impact
The screening of social issues has been done in coordination with environmental and engineering screening in order to
determine the magnitude of actual and potential impact and ensuring that social issues related to highway design gets
adequate focus and attention. The report is basically inventory of loss of structure, land, common property resources etc.
Information from secondary sources has also been collected and incorporated.
The alignment of the project road starts with new proposed Ambala Bypass (length 15.883 km) at about km 9+750 of NH22. Ambala Bypass meets at km 11+700 of NH-65 after crossing NH-1 at km 211+620. Thereafter, alignments run from Km
4.854 of NH-65 along the existing road up to Km 72.800 of NH-65. Then follow a new alignment with Kaithal Bypass
(length 18.400 km) and ends at km 91.200 on NH-65. The existing road stretch passes through heavily congested areas of
Ismailabad and Pehowa settlement apart from other semi urban settlements along the highway. This project will have
direct impact on the village communities and other neighboring villages. Structure of public interest, residential structures,
and commercial structures will be affected. Many squatters within the ROW will be displaced. The existing ROW varies
between 20 to 30 meters for most of the length of the project.
The impact of land acquisition can be broken into following sub heads: loss of private land, loss of livelihood, loss of
structures, loss of institutional buildings and community infrastructure and assets. The land acquisition has been restricted
to 30 meters on either side of the proposed centerline of 4-lane highway in rural areas and 22.5 meters in settlement
areas. However, for wayside amenities, and major intersection, extra land has been proposed.
Land A total of about 60m strip of agricultural land and 45m strip of built up zone of land needs to be acquired in a length
of 94.952 Km excluding initial and last stretch of the road. The acquisition of agricultural land has significant impact to
produce the project displaced persons because of two reasons:
A sizeable portion of the land owning category are small and marginal farmer;
The sharecroppers are also predominant in the region.
Document : 1058/RH/REP/FFR/403_1_R1
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A special attention will be made while framing entitlement policy.
There are broadly three types of project-affected persons. They are as follows:
People who are loosing land-as per R&R definition they are called titleholder;
People who are loosing land house both as per R&R definition they are also called titleholder;
People who are loosing structures but the structures have been erected in some ones else land. The landowner
may be government or private people. This category of people are called non-titleholder. The kiosks or tenant
affected by the project (may be due to business disruption, livelihood problem etc.) are also considered in this
category.
Apart from the loss of private residential and commercial buildings, some business and Govt. buildings, service bore wells
and wells, shrines, clinic, cattle sheds, and burial grounds, etc. will also be affected. These affected public structures will be
compensated to respective authorized for relocation, at new sites.
There are some Temples and Dhabas, which are having permanent construction on proposed alignment needs to the
demolished.
Livelihood - The Project will not hit the service and skilled labour class, as they are not dependent upon land for their
livelihood. But due to relocation of residences or work place, the distance between home and work place might become
longer. Nevertheless, a considerable number of structure losers and squatters who are using their structures for
commercial/commercial cum residence purpose will lose their primary livelihood.
Those losing gardens/plantations or agricultural land, or commercial structures will incure loss of income opportunity.
Provisions have been made in the Policy Entitlemants for subsistence. The Policy also provides for alternate income
generation opportunities if the PAP so desires.
Women Issue - For free movement of women & children for facilities, which might be located on the other side of the
fenced project Highway (access controlled), underpasses have been provided at crossroads and in between along the
stretch.
Vulnerability In order to understand the vulnerability, women headed households and BPL families may be considered
under this category. No disabled or handicapped PAP was noted.
8.4
Public consultation
The primary long-term responsibility of the NHAI will evolve a continued dialogue with the PAPs to assess whether the
resettlement plan has been successful and, if not the ways in which conflicts may be resolved. After the approval of RAP,
NHAI will prepare details explaining the categories of entitlements for all PAPs. Public consultation sessions will be held
with the PAP in the project area to explain the various project provisions and any other clarifications that the PAPs and the
villagers might have. Where needed, changes will be incorporated in the RAP. These sessions will include:
Details about specific entitlement;
Schedule of resettlement-related activities;
Grievance and appeal redreassal mechanism.
These sessions will be an opportunity to re-emphasis the NHAIs commitment to the communitys involvement in project
planning and to reiterate that the participation process will continue into and through the implementation period. It has been
realized through consultative process that, while an elaborate resettlement planning may increase the initial investigation
cost of the project, long term benefits include the following:
Improving project profitability by reducing delays and cost escalations during the project implementation;
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8.5
Providing opportunities to educate and inform the PAPs;

Allowing the PAPs to make considered decisions which may effect and allow for changes in the project design;
Reducing tensions between the PAPs and the relevant authorities ;
Maximizing opportunities through resettlement and rehabilitation;
Peoples perceptions about the project and how the effects of the project should be mitigated; and
Develop and keep open lines of communications between the local communities and the
project authorities.
Market and Parking place

The built up areas of Thol, Keodak etc. are lying along the project stretch. While analyzing the impact on NH-65 of these
built-up areas, it was learnt that the project design process needs to take care of the following aspects;
8.6
Provision of service road;
Provision of under pass for road safety management; and
Provision to develop a formal market place away from the main road.
Positive Impact
The advantages of the project as perceived by the stakeholders were that there would be less accidents and higher safety
measures. The four laning would provide the faster movement of people and goods, which in turn would provide a boost to
local economy. The people also felt that the displaced shops would get a better opportunity through the project to reestablish them selves in more organized place. The service road, underpasses, viaduct will segregate the local slow
moving vehicle without negotiating fast moving traffic in the main highway. The people felt that the interconnectivity of
human settlements along the corridor would improve substantially. Other project benefits identified include:
8.7
Saving in travel time;
Saving in road maintenance;
Help alleviate development constraints in agriculture, commerce, education, health, social welfare and public safety;
and
Reduce accidents through median control and median openings in particular places.
Negative Impact :
Negative impacts perceived by the people are:
8.8
Increase in noise and air pollution ;
Displacement of people ; and
Loss of livelihood;
Minimizing Impact and Design Decision

Based on the site survey and public consultation the most critical area of social impact are the stretches of built up area.
This stretch is mainly commercial having shops on both sides. In considering concentric widening the market place is
affected on both sides. For minimizing the impact service roads on both sides of the main Highway is proposed along with
underpass for the pedestrians and light vehicles.
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8.9
Widening Option and Minimizing the Impact

There are two standard highway-engineering options available in the upgrading of a two-lane highway, to a four lane
divided carriageway facility:
Eccentric Widening - This option provides for the widening to be all on one side of the existing carriageway while
utilizing the existing carriageway for one direction flow.
Concentric Widening - The other general option is to widen the highway along both sides of existing Highway.
Eccentric widening is normally the preferred option to minimize the impact for two reasons: (1) there is typically a
significant capital cost saving since the existing two lane facility can readily be incorporated into the new four lane highway;
and (2) there are reduced traffic management problems during construction since the existing road can continue to be
operational while the new dual carriageway section is being constructed. As such it was determined that eccentric widening
was possible throughout most of the length of the existing project. Concentric widening has been proposed in two types of
situations: (1) in transition zones where the widening is being shifted from one side to the other; (2) in built up area where
ROW is 20m to 30m. The above considerations have taken to minimize the social impact on two counts:
Minimizing the acquisition of land; and
Minimizing the impact through reducing the Number of PAPs.
Various typical cross sections based on eccentric and concentric widening have been developed depending upon the site
requirements and minimizing the social impact. The main cross-sectional elements are right-of-way, roadway width,
carriageway width, median, shoulders, service road, footpath, kerbs, camber (cross-fall or cross slope), and embankment
side slope. Cross-sectional elements have been determined after carefully analyzing the following factors: volume and type
of traffic; economic considerations; nature of land use i.e. urban, semi-urban or rural; availability of space, especially in
built-up areas; ease of movement without conflicts; drainage and runoff considerations; intersections, and side roads;
pedestrian traffic; parking requirements; and minimize interface with sensitive religious structures viz. mosques,
cemeteries, and temples.
In order to minimize the social and environmental impact, based on the above two proposals have been given for widening
of existing highway following two proposals are discussed below.
Minimize the Social and Environmental Impact
Proposal
1
Features of proposed Development

Eccentric widening with 4.5m median in rural area with
service road where ever required.
Concentric widening in built-up area with 2.0m median and
service road 7m wide on both side.
Eccentric widening with 4.5m median in rural area without
service roads on either side.
Concentric widening in built-up area without service road.
Although proposal no. 2 is economical but do not have safety provisions in built-up locations to segregate the local traffic
from through traffic. The Proposal No. 1 has been recommended due to the following reasons; local traffic & pedestrian
safety in built-up zone due to provision of service road; the detailed typical cross-sections have been developed under
Proposal No. 1.
8.10
Social Impact Findings & Recommendation

In the complete project stretch, the areas of social impact are as follows:
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a)
b)
c)
8.11
In the built up area there is a concentration of shops on either side of the road. In the stretch ROW available is 20m to
30m. However for 4-lane carriageway with service road, drains & footpaths, the required ROW is 45m. For a uniform
social impact, concentric widening is proposed in this stretch.
At the location where the new alignment of Balana, Matheri Shekan, Ismilabad and Pehowa bypass off-takes, the thru
traffic to Ambala/Kaithal will ply on the new alignment, where as the traffic moving to Balana/ Matheri Shekan/
Ismilabad/ Pehowa will move along the existing road. This location has been designed as a Y-junction. Provision is
made for parking facility, Dhaba, Auto repair shop etc. It has to be ensured that these are located outside the proposed
ROW.
At locations of the alignment, where the state highway road, other important roads and Railway track crosses,
Flyovers, Vehicular underpasses and ROBs are proposed with or without service roads to avoid interference of traffic.
Purpose of RAP
The resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is to be prepared for total stretch addressing the resettlement and rehabilitation issues
arising as a result of the land acquisition affecting various level of people and house i.e. Title Holder (land owner, house
owner), Non Title Holder (Squatter, Kiosks and Tenants) on the account of the widening of the road from two lane to four
lane.
The World Banks Operational Directives on R&R provides for the guidelines to be followed in minimizing or avoiding
displacement and mitigating the negative impacts on the persons affected by the project. The National Highway Authority
of India (NHAI) has prepared the Resettlement and Rehabilitation policy in accordance with the Banks policy Guidelines,
which is the basis of preparation of the RAP. The policy also provides for a framework of entitlement and prepares the
basis of categorization of the project Affected Persons (PAPs).
The Banks policy objective of Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) is conceptualized as a process of development. Hence
in preparing for the RAP, the people centered development principles are to be kept in forefront of planning and
implementation. The basic objectives of the RAP is to prepare an action plan assessing the socio economic condition of
the PAPs and in consultation with them, given pointers to mitigating measures, avoiding and minimizing the losses. The
social assessment is to be carried out in consultation with the affected persons, in order to ensure that the process of R&R
is taken up by the project authorities as a process of development restoring their previous living standards and/or leaving
them better off.
The RAP will address the problem and issues of the entire affected population, it gives special importance to socially and
economically vulnerable group of project affected persons, such as Women headed households, schedule caste, schedule
tribe and the economically vulnerable group of people living below poverty line. Following the provision in the policy, the
RAP makes provisions for payment of compensations calculated at Replacement cost, enabling the projects displaced
persons to have ensured that the economic opportunities of such persons are not disrupted and they are able to regain
their previous living standards.
While preparing the RAP, intensive care will be taken to reach out to the project affected persons though a census survey
and informal interactive through Rapid Appraisal Method, with an aim to capture information on their living standards, their
choices and the opportunities created as result of the project. They will be consulted through focused group discussions
and through semi structured interviews and individual meetings. However, the non-government organizations (NGOs) and
the project authorities responsible for implementation of the RAP will be consulted intensively. This flexibility in blending the
necessary changes in consultation with the people gives the impetus to evolve the process of development, empowering
the people to make choices from the available lively hood option and take decision.
According to the Policy Framework involuntary resettlement is an integral part of the Project design from the earliest stage
of the project preparation. The broad principles of R&R Policy are as given below:
The negative impact on Persons affected by the Project should be avoided or minimized.
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Where the negative impacts are unavoidable, the Project affected Person should be assisted in improving their
standard of living.
Peoples participation should be undertaken in Planning and implementation of the Project.
Acquisition of land would be under National Highways Act.
Before taking possession of the acquired land and properties, compensation and R&R assistance must be made in
accordance with this policy.
There should be no/or minimum adverse, Social economic and environmental effects of displacement on the host
communities and specific measures would be provided in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
Broad entitlement framework of different categories of Project Affected Persons shall be as per impacts assistance criteria
and detailed entitlement Matrix. This policy document to be followed in highway sector is very timely and it is expected that
more systematic attention to the risks of impoverishment that are likely to accompany involuntary resettlement due to the
widening of the road into four laning, will be paid, resulting in to sustainable development and reversing the trends, i.e.
landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, marginalization, increased morbidity, food insecurity loss of access to common
Property and social disarticulation.
8.12
Corridor of Impact
The corridor of impact is the width required for the actual construction of the road including the carriage way, shoulder,
embankment longitudinal drainage, wayside amenities like bus stop, shed, etc. and necessary safety zone. The project
requirement for land demands that the entire stretch of corridor of impact should be free from any encroachment, human
habitation, and structure causing hindrances. The alignment along the corridor of impact has been carried out limiting
displacement. Hence, in built up area the work is to be confined to the existing Right of way (ROW) as far as possible.
Despite the care taken to minimize or avoid displacement or hardship to people, there are several places, where additional
land is required to widen the existing sections of two-lane road.
8.13
Minimizing Negative Social Impact

As per the Banks operational Directives the displacement should be avoided or minimized. The objectives of the social
analysis is to be done in order to understand the ways and means to minimize the negative impact on the lives of the
affected population, offering them opportunities to enhance their living standards. While the land acquisition on the account
of widening the road and new alignment is unavoidable, the area with the high population density could be marginalized
and displacement could be minimized. The designs will be done by initiating widening on one side and concentric and
eccentric realignment leading to minimization of land acquisition in certain sensitive areas. This will minimize displacement.
Various steps to minimize negative social impacts:
Widening of the existing portion of road on one side and for new alignment land acquisition for ROW of 60m.
Providing 4-lane carriageway with footpaths and drains connected through an underpass in congested area, with an
aim to avoid disturbance to the people residing or carrying on their business activities and also to enhance greater
mobility to the traffic.
Opting for one side expansion or concentric and eccentric widening will minimize displacement.
8.14
Social Screening
The Social Impact screening is parallel with the environmental and engineering analysis, to determine any significant
economic, social or environmental issues to be required for further analysis. The environmental and social screening
generally includes but not limited to the analysis of available information concerning the general population distribution,
concentration of low-income communities, area of significant right of way (ROW) encroachment etc. The result of this
analysis will be plotted on maps and tabulated to clear identity conflicts with proposed road improvements along with the
nature and extent of such conflicts and recommendation concerning how to resolve them.
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8.14.1
Verification Exercise
The sample format as presented in final social screening report were tested and finalized for wider use and application.
The field team comprising of the Sociologist field investigators, economist, the engineers, and at times districts level
authorities are on the team to facilitate data gathering exercise. The fieldwork was intensively carried out and continued to
carry out starting from social screening stage.
A series of consultations are held at social screening stage and also continued to be carried out at various stages of project
implementation with various stakeholders, to understand their perspectives about the project and how it is going to impact
various heterogeneous communities of people. The consultation process has largely influenced the modifications in the
design, minimizing inconveniences to the people.
8.14.2
Census Survey
The census survey is being carried out at the RAP preparation stage to ensure that each and every affected and displaced
person is identified and his entitlements are worked out and the expenditure estimates are determined on the basis of the
entitlements, while determination of the COI remained central and most important parameter in determining the number of
PAPs and the number of displaced persons.
The field teams are given full orientation and the schedules were field tested to be applied for enumeration of the data. The
data collected from various sources will be tabulated and then the analysis was carried out for the preparation of RAP.
8.14.3
Consultations
The consultations with the PAPs were taken in the screening stage. Stakeholders from various categories were identified
and consulted as preliminary information gathering process about their perception about the project. The District
Administration in the project Districts are consulted and they extended all cooperation to the field team. These facilitated
the preliminary work and the data could be collected without many problems.
The local NGOs were part of this process of consultations through the rapid appraisal methods as well as involving the
local people in planning for their own development, and implementation. The NGOs should also try to build peoples
organizations and promote leadership development to empower the people, particularly the women, youth and other
interest groups to manage the community assets, carry out Grievance Redressal and build up community based
development process through self-help groups.
8.15
Resettlement Principles and Guidelines

The resettlement principles adopted in this project will provide compensation and resettlement assistance to all affected
persons and businesses, including the informal dwellers/squatters on the project corridor of impact. The basic resettlement
principles and guidelines include.
Where land acquisition is required, it will be carried out according to the National Highway Authority Act and in a way
to minimize the adverse impacts and to avoid displacement as much as possible.
Replacement cost of land/or cash compensation at market value to households affected by the loss of agricultural
products.
Cash compensation for structures (residential/commercial) affected by the corridor development at replacement cost.
Provision for relocation of the SBEs (Small Business Enterprises) and assisting restoration of business and local
economies.
Provision for multiple options for resettlement (for example, self relocation assisted relocation) of the affected
residential structures, including informal dwellers/squatters.
Shifting cost to owners of residential structures and informal dwellers/squatters households due to loss of ability to
maintain livelihood during shifting.
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Rehabilitation assistance i.e., compensation for lost business and workdays (including employees) due to relocation.
Special measures and assistance for vulnerable groups e.g., female headed household and disabled persons etc.
These principles are further explained in the Entitlement Matrix. The existing laws do not address many of the social and
economic issues associated with displacement and resettlement of squatters and other informal settlers. However, the
World Bank policy in all road sector project have approved plan to assist affected persons even without any legal titles. The
impacts of the present project are almost entirely on the roadside Small Business Enterprises /households people who
are non titled informal dwellers and encroachers. In resettlement principles consistent with World Bank Policy,
requirements will be adopted in case of this project. The Policy requires compensation for lost assets at replacement costs
both for titled and non-titled holders and assistance for lost income and livelihoods. The absence of formal titles to land or
other assets will not be a bar to assistance and rehabilitation. Further, the Policy requires special measures and assistance
for vulnerable groups such as female-headed households, disabled persons and the poor.
8.16
Resettlement principles and Assistance

The affected SBEs/households may be entitled to a combination of compensation measures and resettlement assistance,
depending on the nature of ownership right of lost assets and scope of the impact, including social and economic
vulnerability of the affected persons. If a SBE or household unit is affected, the owner of the business and/or head of the
household are entitles to the compensation to be paid.
In general terms, the affected persons in the project will be entitled to four types of compensation and assistance: (i)
compensation for loss of land, crops/trees; (ii) compensation for structures (residential/commercial) and other immovable
assets; (iii) assistance for loss of business/wage incomes; and (iv) re-building and /or restoration of community
resources/facilities. A detailed description of each compensation measures and assistance is provided below.
8.16.1
Compensation for loss of land and standing crops/trees
Replacement land or cash compensation at market value to title owners.
Compensation for trees, based on the age and value of the tree.
If standing crops cannot be harvested, eligible persons (sharecroppers included) will be compensated for the loss of
unharvested crops.
Informal dwellers and encroachers are not eligible for compensation for affected assets.
8.16.2
8.16.3
Compensation for structures (residential/commercial) and other immovable assets
Cash compensation for structure at replacement cost.
Affected SBEs/households will be allowed to take salvageable materials from their existing structures.
Shifting or relocation assistance for SBEs are included in the replacement value for lost assets.
Encroachers will not be paid for structures unless they fall within the category of vulnerable people.
Rental assistance to the renter for three months if the affected structure was rented out.
Wells and other immovable assets will be compensated at replacement values, including installation charges.
Provision for relocation of SBEs (Small Business Enterprises)
Non-titled vulnerable households will be entitled to a lump sum shifting allowance to move their belongings if they
decide to selfrelocate away from the ROW; those who prefer to move back and re-establish their structures
temporarily until they find permanent alternative sites will be entitled to one time shifting allowance.
Assistance for loss of business/wage income
Loss of income assistance for owners of SBEslump sum grant based on type of SBEs (minimum one month)
Loss of income by tenants-lump sum grant for one month
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8.16.4
Loss of wage/income by employees of SBEswage for 30 days @ local wage rate
Employment opportunities connected to the project
Special assistance to vulnerable groups in reestablishing and/or enhancing livelihood-lump sum onetime grant of
Rs. 500 over and above of all other payments.
Re-building and/or restoration of community resources/facilities

Re-building and/ or cash compensation for re-construction of affected common property resources such as mosque,
temples and schools through community involvement:
8.17
Provision of safe access to market/business centers and safe space/bus shelters in major intersections.
Shifting of roadside market areas beyond a safety zone for safer travels.
Safety measures for pedestrians, particularly for children and disabled, and other non-motorized transport.
Provision for roadside rest areas.
Entitlement Matrix
The resettlement principles and assistance have been designed to cover compensation for lost assets and restore or
enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected people. The SBEs will benefit from the ROW management and
development approach and would be able to re-establish their businesses quickly and improve their lives in
post resettlement period. Entitlement Matrix provides further details regarding application of the principles, definition of
entitled persons, entitlements and indicates results of actions.
8.17.1
Eviction of the SBEs/households

Affected SBEs/households will be given their compensation before they are asked to relocate and remove their structures
from the corridor of impact. After the expiry of the deadline, PWRD can take action to demolish structures on the project
corridor of impact. PWRD can also evict structures on the corridor of impact if it is established that those were constructed
on the ROW after the cut-off date. Any grievances and objections will be referred to the Grievance Redressal Committee.
8.17.2
Income Restoration Assistance

Income restoration assistance will be provided to restore the economic status of all the affected persons during periods
immediately after relocation. Such activities will focus on ensuring that adequate compensation is paid before relocation to
the Affected Persons who may suffer temporarily due to loss of working days/income and lost businesses caused by
dislocation. Further, persons who lost employment in affected SBEs will receive one time cash grant equivalent to one
months income to support livelihood and sustenance. It is expected that within this time period they would find alternate
employment or can be employed in construction.
8.17.3
Assistance to Re-establish SBEs

SBEs will suffer business disruption due to dislocation and thus provisions have been made to assist them in regaining
their economic status. All SBEs, titled or non-titled, will receive cash compensation at replacement costs for the loss of
their business premises, shifting assistance, one-time grant as income assistance equivalent to one months income. The
SBE owners who operate from rented premises will also receive income assistance equivalent to one months income.
8.17.4
Employment in Construction
Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will get preference in jobs associated with the project
construction. However, employment opportunities in project construction are not entitlement necessary to restore Affected
Persons livelihood but are additional income sources. Also the project will require local labour for construction works,
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operation and maintenance. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the Aps in preference
to other people. A clause will be incorporated in the contract documents requiring contractors to give employment
opportunities to local project affected people having ID cards in preference to other persons. Wherever possible, local
female laborers will be employed in the project road works.
Entitlement Matrix
Nature
of
loss
/
Application
Definition of
Entitlements
Result of
Aps
Action
Assistance
A. Land Acquisition (Applicable in cases of fresh acquisition and / or legally confirmed ownership rights on
existing (ROW)
Loss
of Land and other Person (s) who Land for land or assistance to Compensatio
agricultural/homestead land assets acquired for have records.
purchase
land.
Homestead n for lost
by owner
project
roads
replacement land with basic civic assets.
and/or
legally
amenities if necessary, matching
1a.
Loss
of
other confirmed
Owner of the with locality and social setting.
immovable assets (e.g. ownership rights on asset
Compensation
for
land
at
trees, tube wells)
existing ROW
replacement cost & allowances.
(Land acquisition Act NHAI). If
residual plot (s) is (are) not viable Restoration
Aps
wil
be
appropriately of livelihood
compensated
for
non-viable
portion of the land.
Compensation
at
replacement/market
value
Rehabilitation
assistance
for
income restoration, cash or kind to
be determined on a case by case
basis.
Loss
of
property Mortgage property Person
with Mortgage clearance to be verified. Restoration
(land/structure)
by on acquired land legal record
For vulnerable groups, assistance of assets /
mortgagee
and/or
legally
to be provided in cash/kind for capital
confirmed
replacement
ownership rights on
existing ROW
Loss
of Land
acquired Renter
or Cash for loss of crop at market Cash Income
agricultural/homestead land and/or
legally sharecropper of value. Rental assistance based on for lost crop.
by renter / sharecropper
confirmed
land
tenure arrangements (to be
Rental
ownership rights on
deducted from compensation to assistance
ROW
landlord and/or disbursed by
NHAI)
Loss
of
residential
/ Structure
on Owners of the Cash for structure at replacement Compensatio
commercial structures by acquired
land structure
cost (per NHAI Act.)
n for lost
owner
and/or
legally
Replacement land or assistance assets.
confirmed
to purchase land as required case
ownership rights on
to case basis
ROW
Loss
of
residential
/ Structure
on Tenants of the A cash assistance equivalent to Return
of
commercial Structures by acquired
land structure
the amount of deposit or advance, unused
tenants
and/or
legally
if any, made by the tenant to the deposit
confirmed
landlord
(reduced
from Assistance to
ownership rights on
compensation, to be disbursed by make
existing ROW
PIU)
alternate
arrangement
s.
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Nature of loss /
Application
Assistance
B. Informal Dwellers / Squatters
Loss of structure by
Structure located
residential squatters
within existing
ROW
Definition of
Aps
Entitlements
Owners of
residential
structure
Residential tenants
Structure located
within ROW
Tenants
Cash for structure at

replacement cost
Loss of income assistance
during relocation 1 month
Rental assistance 1 month
Loss of structure by
SBEs/owner
Loss of business SBE
Structure located
within ROW
Structure on the
ROW
Owners of
SBEs
Owners of
SBEs
Loss of business SBE

tenant
Structure located
within ROW
Tenant
Loss of land
agricultural/homestead) or
structure
(residential/commercial) by
encroachers
Land / structure
located within ROW
Loss of non land assets

(tree, tube well etc.)
Households within
ROW
Tube well etc)
ROW
Owners who
have extended
their buildings,
agricultural
holdings,
business
premises
illegally into the
govt. land
Squatters /
owners, SBEs
located
On ROW.
Encroachers
Shifting or relocation
Assistance
Residential
squatters / owners
Loss of work by SBE

employees
SBEs on ROW /
Corridor
Special assistance
vulnerable people
Households / SBEs
on the ROW /
Corridor
Loss of community facilities

/ common property
resources
Structures affected
by ROW / Corridor
development
Any unanticipated adverse

impact due to project
interventions
8.18
Acquisition of Land
Squatters /
informal settlers
/ SBEs on ROW
corridor
Employees in
the SBEs
Female
headed
household,
disabled
persons, elderly
residing alone
Cash for structure at

replacement cost
Loss of income assistance
lump sum grant based on type
of SBE, minimum, - 1 month
Loss of income assistance 1
month
Replacement land or
compensation at replacement
value to vulnerable groups for
the loss of structures on a case
to case basis.
Result of
Action
Restoration of
residence with
civic amenities
Assistance to fine
alternate
accommodation
Restoration of
structure .
Restoration of
lost income
Assistance to
make alternate
arrangement
Cash assistance
for lost assets.
Compensation at replacement
cost less salvage value
Restoration of
lost assets.
Value
Only to vulnerable groups on a
case to case basis
Included in replacement value
for lost assets
Assets
Wage for 30 days @ local wage

rate Employment opportunities
connected to the project
A lump sum one time grant of
Rs. 500
Restoration of
income
Relocation to
new sites
Additional
support for
income
restoration
Link up to
relevant GOI
&concerned state
Government
Scheme
assistance
schemes
Reconstruction of
the community
facilities
School, mosque Cash compensation at

/ temples, and
replacement value for the
other
structures and improvement
community
grant for the community
assets
facilities
The EA and project implementation authorities will deal with any unanticipated consequence of
the project during and after project implementation in the light and spirit of the principle of the
entitlement matrix.
11 of 16
Along the project stretch, the land to be acquired is mostly agricultural except in built-up area. The price of land is mainly
categorized in three types:a)
Agricultural Land along NH
b)
Agricultural Land away from NH
c)
Built-up area along NH
8.18.1
Value of Building Structures

For the loss of building structures, either commercial or residential, the PAPs will be compensated at replacement cost.
Compensation for structure has been calculated based on the valuation costs of PWD, which is determined by
Government approved valuer. Data about different material used in the structure have been calculated during structure
identification survey in the project area.
8.18.2
Transitional Allowance
Transitional allowance will be given to all APs. The period during which the AP will take to restore his livelihood is 9
months. This allowance is provided @ Rs. 2000 per month for 9 months to each affected family.
8.18.3
Economic Rehabilitation Grant

The objective of the R&R policy is to provide support to the vulnerable families so that they are able to restore their
livelihood above the poverty level. Therefore, additional grant will be provided @ Rs. 3000 lump sum.
8.18.3.1 Shifting Allowance

All the displaced will require assistance to shift their belongings and salvaged materials for which an amount of Rs.
1000/family is provided.
8.18.3.2 Rental Allowance
Project-affected families will further require assistance in case they are unable to build their houses and shops after the
project has taken possession of their property or after demolishing their structures. To meet the transit accommodation, Rs
2000/family/per month for 9 months has been considered.
Assistance
Transitional
Allowance
Shifting Allowance
Assistance to Tenants
Allowance/Assistance per
family
Rs. 2000 per month for 9
months
Rs. 1000 per family
Rs. 2000 per month for 9
months
8.18.3.3 Provision for Development of Community Structures

The community structures like Temples, hand pumps and open wells falling within ROW are proposed to be relocated.
8.18.3.4 Resettlement Sites (Site Development Costs)
The Entitlement Framework includes the provision of resettlement sites complete with infrastructure and amenities. Site
development costs for proposed commercial areas in Bbuilt up areas shall be considered including cost of land leveling,
clearing and creating footpaths and access roads.
8.18.4
Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC)
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A Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed for RP implementation and the PD will be the Key person
responsible for forming the committee at the project level for each contract package. The main aim behind the formation of
the RAC is to encourage local participation, ensure that there is full transparency and accountability regarding resettlement
program and peoples entitlements and to safeguard the rights of the most vulnerable peoples affected by the Project.
The RAC will comprise of representatives of the Aps, RP implementing NGOs, PIU, and other stakeholders of the project
namely District LA Officer, Block Development Officer and representatives of local government/Panchayat sametees.
Women will be members secretary of the RAC while local District Magistrate will chair. The committee will provide
coordinating nodes for land acquisition and compensation, relocation and resettlement, assist the Aps access government
programs as mentioned in the entitlement package. The committee will meet at a regular interval (at least once a month) to
review the progress of RP implementation.
The Committee would also play an important role in identifying land for the affected Aps and also for structure affected Aps
for resettlement. If necessary, the committee will review and finalize the replacement costs of various structures, following
standard guidelines for various types of structures. The Committee will thus facilitate the implementation of RP with local
inputs and participation.
8.18.5
Grievances Redress Committees

Various provision under the NHAI Act for land acquisition enable grieved Aps at different stages of LA to represent their
cases to LA officer/Competent Authorities or even refer to court for redressal and seek higher rate of compensation.
However, the major grievances that might require mitigation include: (i) Aps not enlisted (ii) losses not identified correctly
(iii) compensation/assistance inadequate or not as per entitlement matrix (iv) improper distribution of
compensation/assistance in case of joint ownership.
Thus the main objective of the grievances redressal procedure will be to provide a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut
down on lengthy litigation, which often delays infrastructure projects. It will also provide people who might have objections
or concerns about their assistance, a public forum to raise their objections and through conflict resolution, address these
issues adequately. The project will establish a Grievance Redressal Committee, headed by the District Collector, with
member from local NGO/CBO, the NHAI, the Land & Revenue Department and selected local leaders from
Panchayat/municipalities. The R&R will be the member secretary of the committee and shall act as the Grievance Officer.
The functions of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall be to: (i) provide support for the Aps on problems arising out of
their land/property acquisition (ii) report the grievances of the Aps, categorize and prioritize the grievances that needs to be
resolved by the Committee and (iii) report to the aggrieved parties about the development regarding their grievances and
the decision of the Project authorities. GRC will meet at least once a month and the decision of GRC would be final. The
Committee shall deliver its decision within 4-6 weeks of the case registration.
8.18.6
Resettlement Data Bank

All information concerning resettlement issues related to land acquisition, socio-economic information of the
SBEs/households, inventory of losses by individual APs, compensation and entitlement, payments and relocation will be
computerized. This data bank would form the basis of information for implementation, monitoring and reporting purposes
and facilitate efficient resettlement management.
8.19
RP Implementation Schedule
PIU will initiate actions to carry out implementation of RP effectively prior to the commencement of civil works. Some key
actions such as the establishment of PIU/ESU, opening of Resettlement Field Offices, formation of RACs, GRCs and hiring
of NGO for ICCP will be done as and when the project is approved. A time bound implementation schedule will be
prepared and submitted at DPR stage. The time schedule will be framed in accordance to the timing of civil works. The
project will provide adequate advance notification to the APs who will be paid their due resettlement benefits, including
13 of 16
relocation and income restoration/assistance prior to start of construction work. Resettlement will be generally completed
prior to award of civil contract. During social impact assessment of the proposed project it appeared that affected persons
would prefer to be relocated close to the improved road and accordingly it was decided that affected SBEs could be mostly
resettled out side the ROW. It will be a condition in the civil works contract that shifting of affected SBEs and also for
roadside amenities will be a part of ROW Management Plan. Where some physical constructions like building of vendor
market and resettlement etc. for developing resettlement would be required, the work will be integrated with the civil work
contract as provisional sum and it would be responsibility of the civil works contractor to make necessary construction as
may be required for resettlement.
8.20
Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring & Evaluation are critical activities in involuntary resettlement. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain
whether activities are progressing as per schedule while evaluation is essentially a summing up, at the end of the project,
assessment of the actual achievement in comparison to those aimed at during the implementation. RP implementation will
be monitored both internally and externally. The PIU/NHAI will be responsible for internal monitoring through their field
level offices and will prepare monthly reports on the progress of RP implementation. Project Supervision Consultants will
monitor the RP implementation and will report on a quarterly basis to PIU/NHAI on the progress of resettlement activities. A
panel of local experts, who will be engaged by PIU/NHAI, will conduct independent bi-annual review of resettlement
implementation.
8.21 Internal Monitoring

The RP includes indicators and benchmarks for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement program, which can
be categorized as follows:
Process indicators, which include project inputs, expenditures, staff deployments, etc.
Output indicators are results in terms of numbers of affected persons compensated and resettled, incomes restored,
additional assistance provided etc. and
Impact indicators related to the long-term effect of the project on peoples lives in the project-affected area.
The first two types of indicators, related to process and immediate outputs and results, will be monitored internally by PIU
and Project level offices. PIU will collect this information from the project site and assimilate in the form of a monthly
progress report to assess the progress and results of RP implementation, and adjust the work program, where necessary,
in case of any delays or problems. Specific activities under RP implementation that will be monitored internally by PIU are
the following:
Information campaign and consultation with APs

Status of land acquisition and payments on land compensation.
Compensation for affected structures (SBES/households) and other assets
Relocation of APs
Payments for loss of income
Income restoration activities
Resettlement Field Offices will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day resettlement activities of the project. Baseline
socio-economic census and the land acquisition data provide the necessary benchmark for field level monitoring. Field
level monitoring will be carried out through (i) review of census information for all APs (ii) consultation and informal
interviews with APs (iii) in-depth case studies (iv) informal sample survey of APs (v) key informant interviews and (vi)
community public meetings.
A performance data sheet will be developed to monitor the project at the field level. Quarterly reports will be received from
the field offices and PIU will be responsible for overall project level monitoring. Also, Project Supervision Consultants
(PSC) will monitor the RP implementation and will report on a quarterly basis to PIU/NHAI on the progress of all aspects of
resettlement activities.
14 of 16
8.22 External Monitoring

As mentioned earlier, a panel of local experts will be engaged to carry out the evaluation of the RP implementation.
Independent evaluation will be undertaken twice annually for the first two years and then once every year during the
remainder period of the Project. The team of experts will be selected by PIU:
The team of experts will review the status of the Resettlement Implementation in light of the targets, budget and duration
that had been laid down in the Resettlement plan. The key tasks during external monitoring include.
Review and verify of the internal monitoring reports prepared by PIU and the field offices
Review of the socio-economic baseline census information of pre-displaced persons.
Identification and selection of impact indicators
Impact assessment through formal and informal survey with the affected persons
Consultation with APs, officials, community leaders for preparing review report.
Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement
policy formulation and planning
Monitoring will also pay close attention to the status of project affected vulnerable groups such as female-headed
households, disabled/elderly and economically background families (i.e. below poverty line). The following should be
considered as the basis for indicators in monitoring and evaluation of the project (i) socio-economic conditions of the APs
in the post resettlement period. (ii) Communications and reactions from APs on entitlement, compensation, options,
alternative developments and relocation timetables etc. (iii) changes in housing and income levels (iv) rehabilitation of
SBEs and informal settlers (v) valuation of property (vi) grievance procedures (vii) disbursement of compensation and (viii)
level of satisfaction of APs in the post resettlement period.
8.23
Reporting Requirements
The Project Director PIU responsible for supervision and implementation of the RP will prepare monthly progress reports
on resettlement activities for review. The project Supervision Consultants will also monitor RP implementation and submit
quarterly reports to NHAI and determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved, more importantly whether
livelihoods and living standards have been restored/ enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement.
8.24
Road Safety
Many traffic management features-for example, traffic signs, markings, crosswalks, intersection layout and control and
provisions for different types of road users have already been included in the road design and improvement plans. Further
the provisions for roadside access, parking and bus stops will also address safety issues and thus can reduce the
likelihood of future accidents. PIU and the RP implementing NGOs will work with local communities, particularly in large
intersections, bus/truck stops and rural markets, to raise and train volunteer Traffic Youth Ward for community safety
awareness and enforcement.
8.25 ROW Management Plan

ROW management is a mechanism of promoting better management of road corridors through comprehensive land use
planning for prevention of uncontrolled ribbon development. It is an interface between needs of road infrastructure
development and local road users, including resettlement of roadsides businesses and other service providers. In India,
right of way management aspect for road infrastructure has not been adequately addressed- the focus traditionally being
limited to acquisition of land for road construction and improvements. In the past, roads have been designed without basic
amenities such as bus stands and provision for parking/rest areas for the traveling public. The roadsides communities such
as shops, hotels, tea-stalls, repair shops along the highway have filled the gaps. These low-cost small enterprises are
15 of 16
largely squatters and encroachers on the ROW. As a result, today traffic movement is generally characterized by frequent
stop over, traffic jams, and parking on pavements/shoulders making travels hazardous.
The Project has to take an integrated approach to solving the present congestion by promoting land-use planning and
control of development along the highway through ROW management. Site-specific pilot studies to develop the guidelines
and framework, including provision for proper drainage, solid waste management, and pedestrian walkways and safety
arrangement. The Project design will include some of these features for major intersections. PIU will prepare micro-plans in
consultation with local administration and Panchayat government. The local government will be involved in the
development and maintenance of the new amenities and would be responsible for collection of revenue from SBEs through
contract or license agreements.
8.26
Land Acquisition and R&R Cost

At this stage survey for land acquisition/ resettlement and rehabilitation are under process. The compensation for land will
be worked out after the verification of revenue record and market rate from local people and government rates prevalent in
this region.
However, at this stage preliminary estimate for land acquisition is as below:
Land Acquisition Cost is estimated as approximately =
R&R Cost is estimated as approximately
=
Rs 307.17 Cr
Rs 13.78 Cr
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Chap-8-Initial Social Assesment and Resettlement Plan

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Chap-8-Initial Social Assesment and Resettlement Plan

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Project: Feasibility cum PDR for 4/6-laning of Ambala to Kaithal section of NH-65

Final Feasibility cum Preliminary Design Report : Chapter-8

CHAPTER 8: INITIAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN

Social Issues and Impacts

Preliminary Social Screening

The sharecroppers are also predominant in the region.

Details about specific entitlement;

Schedule of resettlement-related activities;

Grievance and appeal redreassal mechanism.

Providing opportunities to educate and inform the PAPs;

Reducing tensions between the PAPs and the relevant authorities ;

Maximizing opportunities through resettlement and rehabilitation;

Market and Parking place

Provision of service road;

Provision of under pass for road safety management; and

Saving in travel time;

Saving in road maintenance;

Increase in noise and air pollution ;

Displacement of people ; and

Minimizing Impact and Design Decision

Widening Option and Minimizing the Impact

Minimizing the acquisition of land; and

Minimizing the impact through reducing the Number of PAPs.

Features of proposed Development

Social Impact Findings & Recommendation

Acquisition of land would be under National Highways Act.

Minimizing Negative Social Impact

Resettlement Principles and Guidelines

Resettlement principles and Assistance

Compensation for loss of land and standing crops/trees

Replacement land or cash compensation at market value to title owners.

Compensation for structures (residential/commercial) and other immovable assets

Cash compensation for structure at replacement cost.

Provision for relocation of SBEs (Small Business Enterprises)

Assistance for loss of business/wage income

Loss of income by tenants-lump sum grant for one month

Loss of wage/income by employees of SBEswage for 30 days @ local wage rate

Employment opportunities connected to the project

Re-building and/or restoration of community resources/facilities

Provision for roadside rest areas.

Eviction of the SBEs/households

Income Restoration Assistance

Assistance to Re-establish SBEs

Cash for structure at

Loss of business SBE

Loss of non land assets

Tube well etc)

Loss of work by SBE

Loss of community facilities

Any unanticipated adverse

Cash for structure at

Wage for 30 days @ local wage

School, mosque Cash compensation at

Value of Building Structures

Economic Rehabilitation Grant

8.18.3.1 Shifting Allowance

8.18.3.3 Provision for Development of Community Structures

Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC)

Grievances Redress Committees

Resettlement Data Bank

Monitoring and Evaluation

8.21 Internal Monitoring

Information campaign and consultation with APs

8.22 External Monitoring