A dyaAllls dz Sli guursighl lbs [i poesia dyga fy JLiac| arava Aysgllly ~ Sued) ol sel 6 pelo g sac Gee yee yal / ga) Gunien ALLGH) ale Gyyal GML coal / gL Gates ANG al) AS deal sas ll J og Used Guisige4 | ay yd Foal y Ay) ot) hel ag ayy oath Gn AE GAS eal a yc) GLlae agi sAagyat Bit youd te dai pyle days ls costa pA AUNT yal Glas Gull ph BAN aa shed (5 si!) Gos tad (ge) Rall ABB y 6 pd VA ol) Leads pla GUIS ALE eth dyuait Ui oye Shas Gadi eel eS sta de OY VT Ag ys sie pL lig i FY 5 pall Glale ALI 9° phe Gye sis GN jaa (ue giall) aati J gh gga Bical) sto ga, 8 Gee lly yl Aetna 25 fy aay Cag gall tse ud A ye a fly 2 GUUS usally calc gil a Sass) yt e we #45. vor pd GLE Less A ayn + 44 yet ' MA be re glad ogc Ab ihe ihEye) hs bon CBU ) fp sy Saag a Say ath pase Ge GIL AU sy eb is ys oA ng Eat AY pa te |b Baalg 449 ean dhy sigs lah SG s gid = Sy at hus Uy ee ge eG ss #5 Jual dus Acie ss (el eiay be SHO NY sta ga hy te sy Spalas Je ASN stall oa dh T+ 5s Rapid La Bs J AU ALS Joka Gre iT a Ween SOLAN Sl ad ey Ce APS) og boat etl AA co Lal GY Sng SLE gg fat tN Jan Go 50 pane Tol (ssh) aul dary ehtew 2a? Asia Suats (sgl aa rey 2 Ae ss aly TPF eSBs Taya NSU g St) Gla ge 5) AN as a! : HP cag gb Sasly Pal As git) 5p ya GOH Ay daly luc stall Lae a5 al Gh abet a5 ws BM aya Le 9th 5 ft gad iD apSe Apa Sal gb AB gad AOS otal Muh Gat os alti CHO a RLS su ych Bly east whe GSU oa AON hb aN Ya a ys we Ba ei giligy BYAMichaus bed x Hscgil sad) x 5 A Se, SN pionsercisct: hee aay Gat Eon G5 ae Uh wei Tum 8 So co DIV bia add sf a ag nd RL ga ee gluayl + dalit Uae gall} Agha NOD iS.ae G53 Gybll sts gees roe SI 3) ja Nia s6s 3a pee Ge 8 all Slee gs shegudangs haat} Ula Gd tas ied Babs Ga gh ABEL py Casa yall GE a gi sal alah Seals eA 38) Gb ot ap 13) ahs. ys eh phim ace igs iis) aks YH oe ane ils cu) 3) pt) GM NS te ge wa ry ARM Gt OBL Ga 5 3 a OU ots aT a GL Gaus Guat tis GSU 61 gb oA FEN gah Alig Sy jal ELae Shot ot at tel is oy PLS Oh ph oN ad a H BARS IED wey doa LAS a oie is okt erga Jae | NY yall a | (as aah 9 hel 88 cla gh Beat und OnE sil ley SAAN SA) ata 8 Sa ly cla slob shal se BAYES Al ol a Go fall a ag z 12H ABA obs Hye is Gay Taal g he ool AS Cai 1) ty dsj Ee Aba 5) jal p Ran guuach 51 all.s Sala 2a 3 a Rass ab yd BULAN oly cuuasy ui eV 3s cael yy) S88 GY ba cpteig Ranges Sl ps au Dalal 9k Fal ge AsuiiSall § pad Be) Te LI 1 Silay gle gs sett Nae oe 5 Jail ems SAEED OM a a ABUL I op py | ee Aegis {LATENT HEAT. ) dias 3 iat Sted Se TN eal G5 salt ely gd ods at oe aI Rial Aa gy Atel Mat ge) Saba) ods Tha | hE sie Og gt a Ba ys a as cs (Gl Pons Titel) Mod Lh dag dus bint Rese ol Oke AC GTY gs dil) aaa 5s ga il g Tegal SJ all Se RIS YN Za 9 GBF oy ssagh Qa As a say EE Aged haus LA ds we cats yas ua Ab O43 4 Ae Sal aN Balk Oy ola ed gt ge oloau, weeSsMaall $8 aa Go alo haat gdthats Daa) She VEE gD Cll AB GL Gye ly Ss Al GEN Ge sat getty MEd LUT JSs coe sats Shy oo ptall Ga anly Shy Gaga ( sige 5 aj 93a Ghul Haber pail 5 (SGM LEALENS 4 ay he fp SE GY GURL Raya wie opus ag eS 5 OWN Gb pay ead sh LN SS pas aay A Hh yd J pabaly SS eel pL Spats oa oe gah bh ahs JS Gh Guay pla!) gue Baus oa el aL a ly a 42 sha iy, Y uss des Jos day bldg (Aiaguor eu) arr fo Me NBS hal By ga gt ue Bad cia dx del Syate g as POD NI TT e574 Cissta) Gry gurus pu yciery (Argues pay SPM ETY Gerla tse or allen ax (fray ry xs HAYS (ESS oe} ATA aie AS EH Y Raja aie pL aged fonencnre rec VereCages Busy (ores) cities Jol pines EN Gs asa UN OP aa SEOs we paca gas Solacy! AUB (5 at C08 F508) ARIE a Eas JL Ua dae Hy (PST) thay Ia 6 yes y Lalas Say Jo Yaw dS pasty « TawiesS }eYt =Sian ‘Saad ( Load Estimation) ii oss cleat g Jt) Jas Luce oy (Duct Design) sit ly GL Glas este gigas state (Al Outlets.) Weise Gn 9 Ye gf JUSS 9g Les ela LES laa. 9 Bi yuall ou oud PUSS oe gacnue oA ALB 1613) hs ( Chilled Water Piping Design) (Chilled Water Systent ) 4x36: ole Sal ead Gus) (LOAD EST. MATION) Spaeth rs JEAN ALN) ge eins Glad ed Ey oad BLES 5) HBA StS Ja R89 53h al Read ya Jl Gaal ag cally ig let (pS HE Gb Ge Gg dy Gaal ols SSF Uist hg Slagtell ay ies a a gall aad heals sit Ragllnad Cl gets Lae Gh he AS alll Clad in il Rata 5S ha yh (DRY BULB TEMPERATURE °F ) isi) 2.4.10 sy aay] (WET BULB TEMPERATURE * F ) oilp) ays j85 J 05 dy,3 04 AES sed A gt a Las (DRY BULB TEMPERATURE * F) Uis5 tos.) 5) an dais -| (RELATIVE HUMIDIT) Sua) th (24 ++ asta — Slat) ) Zul iy SUL DU Laat Asi Gila) Leal) tas-r Ssh) al sad Seth al ay lg Aue oY gaat ate aay ot OS) FUE) wins HE 6 ok ah EHh diol Cee ta a GL LaeAS SE eS jt aia Je Spt tial 9 RL ag ey els AES sl GRE anal SSL Fo CL gent (EN Sn ae Sah tg epee HE) GLEN Ne gS RULED Zee aan ov Sad pA aby GLC Me plata Meade y ell Ue (lads ttt se yaad HS So pine (ya JO Rath Lala Cs ete i ett NSS Asset) Lala SN 8 p95 5 gag EN leat teat ea as 4 ue 4S also er kethe}] (sheets shen styctecd ARE ins OS Cll agit ie yeas ste (AN ehygt) Sig wast selet Re ol lal det pe ( Solar Heat Gainy Ea Oe GA ed eat i (Transmission Hest Gain) Juasil ge x (CTuternal Meat Gain) ig) loin 5 petacit ge & Bae Bat A GaGa) GiSall elba Be) eg Ld ge. BD eal Gath ay (Ventilation or Infiltration) Gas gicct (Solar Heat Gain) =: glediil oe eat yet Seat) CISA OANS coh ey Aa STA Ga bs OU aL Gl) le Guat Mat ey we ees Sal Joys da yal lousy lls Gliad Ha Gta Sly LSS Ge cial He ebay) go Agata iy at) A (Bes cole ot) IS) Gund oo wd cit aL UE Fhe jh GS 5 J jal Uhl ala Usha Nsdtols Leysad Saige tba ab asia ge AICS Edie ety OVS) yl = CaS Ratna Ge eae pal JS plea Ge day, Jal has pss 3009) By doa pS Uasaad hagtie (Transmission Heat Gain)! tee espe oh Hall phgfd) yuRKA Gas pe Cte, CE) col say 9 OSA SIS all Sh See ISN lie FAI 5 a HS) Sal 5 Ja 2 HI = Cis DE dae ptt pede sy p05 A = ee Tas ce Bil ky Ciysal lead tal cla (Bross dey US CY) eS yas Cla Bla Stay ale AT = cis SS os sa 5) gg HI = Total Ares of glass x (TT) 38.519 x (Tair-Tspace) Where: HI Bi oat Quast lat ge aun sands A Giles uote sy Fan le Last Ue i ga) Faticg US(eret STONY WN) yas il atts yall ghaty ates AT= (18) 68) Sys) Aaa (yall Ra os V2 Area of wall x (Ney Lt ey {13 - NSN DS JoeB ce aan sy aLenses arrentaryy AE ASN GSAS salt SL 5 Sad Sheath sh ls a HS = Ackil 9 laa 91 jh qb 3 Tatcaie (PAP TAL FUER) a8 ly x (Lair- ‘Tspace) Ha Wher Td = canst Gs Gill 5 nh vgs ghcay OST iat ge ast sy ay Bae A 2 get Ue po tS 19 Lita dats (YALTY dyin) aia 3 a Sti lea Ts) abs dess dalle § 9 yan Cea aa glSal) S19 A 2245 3 yal s Galea Ge RU! we gall daa Alnternal Heat Gain) 4izc se slbvall $6buG Ca sllnall GLE JA salacy Fad ol hs oihetiy pe Mine BL iy suedtll 4) isa gal iy Lajses Sle Laas! Caen ol) pads Had Oe Res Galt ge als BSI BS Fa ey Geka 9 Us = cool AMI ye ASU Fa asd Sly JA dss os tells sey Hs = (Sensible Heat per person = (¢Acrg Heat) = No. of persons ¥ (Hts (Latent Heat) = No, of persons x Heat per person Where: TU = at 21 ye MSL iste 5 ya Heat per person = (4A) aby dass Gu Ghee ose = (Latent hest) = No, af persons x (£4) dsss. Where B= lg hauls Seah) a Rasttn sya Bd Flee Aen La Chas od cll cpeulisatlaten col BSE Ss Gu the all G8 ob 6a BE BH os AF yal sgt Batt (Latent Heat) 4its i jas estyall dash Ley Arild obs des al CF LARS J at Geng (eYota0 1.0 ‘)Alhd dsotly dae a uel C9 ata 98 6 5) oe SLY) Chany cats Hi), H = Power (watt) 4.1 BIU/HR * ABST Gs slat alsa Jara Shas ct East Ags dag ued i has g AAS lle Glee gd ogee CF pL es yal Jatt MS OID spa A jl gd al a) USI rl 9g) ant ae gy Or AN AM alco ata Mele ie CIS Lal yd cask wad cg, OMA EAM GRSall IAN ol og se EO 6h g gu acs hss NH gg Ana Ob oti fy) Val Oui. els ges glean Feat Wis gtaFIRS 6985 Js Saya Gadd eens RY Aaa pa 3 Gs Ald gl ge th Bae ls Shay adel Ls thal 5 ChB Rai ISI ays 4 2 ARS ja tli INEST Sal hs HIS 504 gt ay Slo Agta heath dopey MAS eal Sa lt | sty mig INS'S J sl ody walks Gey! f= CFM = 0.68 EAN SN ia lh 6) gQ) Bits toe AGH Ibe alsa Ly 0.85 cell 1 528 Pa Se Oy a ea JG ele dle IS Ais Cay Gr=1/7000 Ib Pligg OPS BIS oa (Gr) BSS SayOhl Zyl 80 Aad PB ACLA (Og og VT 60 te 2S Laks HE coh AAS GRAN ye FS fall 08 Jaa 2 SU) ph yu) Saad SSNS se RUSS Spe all Ait CSllal ge $y) Jani laa. OA AY Sal Gus SARS De Oa Cit eh sQll te oe ic Jad eal de das sas, Kens cla ay EJ al 93 Jd 6h yl) ds Gia ey yt ee ls JUS she pi gel! Geily uatbaii s dest Ble Ce Aaa Lage Sah lo nL OOM SENSIBLE HEAT = RSH = CeSall (hoa Mla i ess ssid Sy Eletal ge Agshay (Aas 4 Racguscally Zatch a ale thins ROOM LATENT HEAT = RTH = ital gical Bhs Ral Stl UL SU cy yall LS at hus a LY @ Ul pt sgl heals (APPARATUS DEW POINT ) = (ADP) gs A Ist (ADP) SHE =_RSH 4 0.1 x fresh air sensible heat RTH + 0.1 x fresh air total heat Where: SHI = Sensible heat factor RSH = Room Sensible heat RTH = Room Total F (CADP ) 555 0849099 ) oy dsen Heya day CEM = __RSH 40,1 x freast 1-08 x (1- coil bypass factor) x (Fr Tadp) where: COM = Tis JS th Aig laa 2) GS 8 pl gall cs oo eee aRSH = Towa Sensible Heat HOB = ipsa ate, (1- evil bypass factor) = (1. 2s cide oe oh sell yl laa) Ne. + oe OSG ULM Led tia AREY et BU aa 5 ales lS Wiel eg Tro Ayal Say gS J ah ha Pulp = Apparatus dewpoint (gles (54.3) oz = i op ox es 8CHAPTER SOLAR HEAT GAIN THRU GLASS \ hts 1 ASD Beh “ys TABLE 15—SOLA MEAT SAIN THRU ORDINARY GLASS (Contd) Bod Biv te) oat sok res). Sr nom lame [a Tote Guth UniToor linet] pone [eTa [Ts Te Tirol pe Epowre [Tne at Yea ah ‘Nort Si] as} | ia ars a South ¢ heron Portueyoe) aL sha] et ied te seatteus ioe Hae atts i ea + S| to] Sale | ae iio rca . S]oy Tae ae : ef-s Liat 240 [F502 | 20). Heeiratat yas Tepe seek] 33 fet [as meant eee || seb | et adie te fea | san 21 Sry epi ae ate Renin 4] opie e elals x THE Tey Bev ai 3] a] 2 | alae é (oth dla nb [ait 3 é Sor ee ss Seaeat io fee Le ing rime : SaaS Naat a. [oe | 1, Mente * Pickem | 3 isin ee aes 7s cra a ena | t ree] §s eet |i S18. | Hono or i ofa fete | Bf eee ier rs fat 3] ¢ eat Meee [a He | Homes| “8 = Roch ¢ Pedeceloodocce coloodco. JUNE 9) seeeodoeelsschoclooclsodaadeacleods = Hie} if 1 $ ° fat veh f aa 4 L u aera, 3 Crvadit-] Devaar eT ea ea shade tron a7 | inant Re a7 Ri Sone Serre ike Hr eertecor | RT| MSM ReTaET TY See f see Merthly Masimunn”“ teaedWatnt— You an 35TALE 16~/OVER-ALL FACTORS FOR’SOLAR HEAT GAIN THRU GLass j win ane wineur sao Bvicts® Moa tok A Sale Stee ate wale oh Ana tenn 90 Shakin dls dll covery winds puisce J a z aunt FAO |e ROLLER STADE ee | sik Tala 7 | LUaM fMadion | Doct | Lishe | Odile | dsctoned Deut | i eo + Pieler Fae” Fein] Ste | Qube | Medtontel dent | ; tet | SPF | | = °OWDRARY 6LS 107 i [lee eas ees] ea Ea < MGULAR ATE “U7 wet) | 9b ae as Pe a eat #4, MEAT ABSORBING GLAIS}I | i 4010 42% Avvo, fo [sats [oe t) teil bee feamncd intee tladay Mi Ye $8% Abwarhiny pgs fos fear | 10} lie in | i Fe 2 S616 0% Atos Lats [ieee aE ala | ipl era y Ae 2 ounE rate rt f Orns cle 90 | 56 od ial taped Maple PERE sri onde: std ae aa} co | 40 Perbeae (6 steed pp eoitegar sere | se | ae} ance bate sge tg setae eet stoppers) { s. “TRUE Paw | | TN Oedity Gow ay i de® | Seb heals tiaek arid time tue iil get al, falar rare oe RP bie Le | BL Ag Fane cuss : | £ UgSt Color | | Medium Cofor 4. } Der Cae 3 Bo siaven east Kale ‘eber Calor » | Ooi ted Bp | - Det te o | Dak Crows é R Sryed Gre ae] ole lah Opclesont > a | Dal’ Onreeent : TABLE 19—EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (DEG 1) FOR BARK coroKeD|, suuutr AND SHADED Watis* Botad on Dark Colored Wall:95 | db Ouldaoe Design Temp) Corsiant 80F db Ree Terps 20 deg F Daily Ranges 24-hour Operation; July and 40° M. Lat.t sxrosune | of waur | AM bibs et [tof [a] wpe Be Le STR aii Neaieost | “a3 4 | yatta fief is: 1% fol el s Loe HENS Rls ele ats : = fost 100 s 8) 16) 20 fae 99 xe fio | 38) a7 fas ah qe SE. pate [i qa aay Pay ejay Bo ip oS We 103 ; 8) 8 a ; 3 Saye ue aaa ae Sane a = RSE 4 Hs 33/818 : aa ze ia Tae a0 8X (ynan oi i) x sumtin concen ob fox Common peso nation oad Tables 21 Ba 25 1830 ig Neots Bed voles of 28 tinKer foo f J 20~reutaL 24ehowt Gperatony tuly an-A0? N. Lotsh fble TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (Ded FOr DAA COlORTOY, SUNLIT AND SHADED nooRRN DATES Canuloor Design emp) Conttant 30 F dbs oom Yarp;20 ag F Dally Rang) an ee it 56 ramets eel TPT] Ta) a7) 38a a hise alate 33 | 30 | 33 | Ga) 40 ee) % Ba os 3 {te [ia fie ht shite 3) alie|a|is ia tis RR Lats a{epele[ ap epey ia Pa sy 2 Aa pad G2 IS ON hoes ne 2ORL-CERREETIONE TO EOURVALENT TEMPERATURES (DEC 1)” eee, : : amr ean ie 4: wee BLE ia ae (| el =a [eee sa ERIEN IE aa |=e |= | ies aH ut = 3 : ofTape 24 TRANSMISSION COzFHICIEN U--aaei) Y Wats Porth 3g (9 (29 F temp diy ‘Nowa pari ait sway ible peng sac wel nd ts Beton rian: eter Eten Pie oe Heit ue i; wee Te ss 7 Pot esta rat ah ual tus) Rte 1 ao, 13 ead : "3 te) 5 Ce aL cortege ey Fekete Gene] 9 i a) fi ois 13 ta ef 2 bat woe Weil Sos enn ot ‘hat ih, to) loot Pp ntTABLE 22—TRANSMISSION COE-TICIENT U-MASONRY VENEER WALLS* Diurt agte eg F erp a8) A ronten naman aati pr Tea wat para on od thn INTERIOR rR Tw Pe Ines) nam fen he eel al slow | eal a) 2a pained e419 XN ea ale op ele 11 AEH by mnt se toavean oad een sent18s PART i LoaD EsTiAL net 4 TABLE 23—TRANSMISSION cotrricENT ULE SONSIRUCTION, INDUSTRIAL WaLLse} fot stir ata wee | 1 Ben 69 (eg tag 8) i Bria Fae | thm oes if 10 ott fy aye, Foran that oe Sete ay eel TABLE 24—TRANSHISSION CocFricieNY NeSHTWHOHT, meEFAanicAteD.cuRralN Fred wales “Stood dey sn ff Sudan tuagan a a opi ee nan lg ce : rE Es T ‘ c Pe er ey) seateene | =a : ae : Soleo a mR Peter (s oS mee tows abel tosses frensint x Wl negenoa ieee [ FANN WATER VAROR FLOW THR ON SOUTIGENT Wartasee WALLS AnD rammtionst i * “ran senna ane vesren atthe) gig Fan dy re a ae a oe 2 a eed Eqns sohes perf rong ent ene ttc ad ty spite tl B20) x teat mop ah “ 1 21 sed w ova tong eee ‘Gan or ies tf = tee ate 2 60M Maw Tone a 5 (0 roan Zien Ae wets won ste 1 fi 15 eel freonTaace 26. TRANSMISSION ‘COEFFICIENT UMAONAY Pais: FOR SUMMER ano wenciee ty) gf Proms ny s sete es ‘waudw ConomiE Be in| as se te rms sary aun tear sy a8) su8 «en bn 301 ua 1 "ean, Feta tidovar baler snem ence 2 Ge wk, Bf loses A ovat fovea ens Het ie etm ae * Uhrecea 9 to oust » fot ttasREMACTUR 5. WEAT AND WATER Varon yO TABLE 27—TRANSMISSION corFrieIENT u— Foe WAT Flow poune—sumatin, FOR KEAT PLOW Ub THRY srRUCTURES TLAT ROOTS CoveReD WITH suitt-us RooriNe ‘iu/ ie) 9 (eg F temp if) exunot ‘iment peers dcte welt not Tl waht pe ue som col Fok en nul, AEULATION On FoF OF DECK, HcaEE Sneed soe a) Soporte Sonat Thaw o Raa (4 Sebenled Pete pen so om er Mager Srrosad Ronee Enpended fe Neve 9 ase te Fercer ree Soponted fo Novas Haver Ta onde Fase Spend Gee et Row Bent ‘Widar— ten Fos Unt fw thie 5 oe furan wt ony Pate = Maan sg Ads tna at ineLn * TABLE 28-—TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT U—PircHitD ROOPS* Btu/Ch) (9 ft projected eros) (day Fram if 8 ten if persue [preset fg roe frevtienns Ihara fe leben ia oreo te era: fore UE moet outa Oh = Seti Simmer wows ‘ute es Pow Us et HW weld fect aor ag fl Wve 3 Mi) nde ral afr Fle 3, poge 75, §| T AND WATER VAPOR FLOW THIRI) STRUCTURES eft vay pe ag hw feng od fo 73 STABLE 29-—TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT UCEILING AND FLOOR, (Hoot Flow Up) Ay Dayed on Stl Ar Both Set, Bro/ Oe) (oq) (de F emp a) robo Ie pret tet eye esnted | at | Sa stmt | arene oe ined | rate! | Rta nd Me | oe Top ee e ind ame J ten | ae | ae | sine wa a The | eT ae | oe | i a Pia’ a ae sa Yona on F veer ai "a one FT Peete HE at Pevooaer | 2 Receeacnns ieee isn x tse) ot tut A, U eae Cos Tb Ya =TABLE’ 30—TWANSMISSION ‘COEFTIeIENT ULGEIING AND RLoOR, Seve on Sil Ale Both Sides, BH) (og) (deg F temp e lect Flow Bown)!” a Masohay coun W Grose Mead Let «| es "Wood Pat Taye ¢ ek Sey Wale lst 0 eh x tds en see renin tee steve Aa (eal bye tou Sats eofonven AMO Waie Beith) Ga Gea F temp a |TABLE 32—TRANSMISSION COEFCIENT U—FLAT ROOFS WITH ROOF-DECK INSULATION Suna Ano faHTER ° B14 /(he 4g fi Gag F tem el) Stawer * % Fulccae ie {ASLE 35)-TRANSHISSION COHERENT U—WinDOWs, SKY Hse BOORS & GLASS BLOCK WALLS 3550 ii leeg Fienp A) Ee 2 ME a ar ce aa ae eae one Sone=F eas Oo Sr “ATARLE AS—VENTILATION STANDARDS, (240) + TALE 46—CENTRIFUGAL FAN ucapacimes "AM PROPELLER FAN CAPACITIIGS ot FRE R) a ee i seats ices ates a aeGovvraiow or Euaeraic Pow oy Laer Wren Inqjnanséese Lies Anruoxnere puastsest Ugh convert about 2696 of due power.” Table 19 indicates We haasre arriving av pe Tat igh. with abont 94 beng dated grow heal gee then ieee incandeice adiatih C0 the surrounding antcen, The pier’ Een eek "aa. @) ear oan enom exo’ Tie a0 ae Tas | areas a0 | ‘tio Saku eyf burning’ appliences contefbute aédicional, ease 35 a product of, eombusvion. Avptdperty,ceians Ties Wow T3HRIA hood with a postive exhaust syserserotes go slerableanounc of thegenerated heat and io auie from most rypesct appliances, not Tatler 0 vs 02800 Pata Hest Goin fom Rastaion’ Appliances she Ee Sh, Wixalonoovs ApolanceR voces egg e ca exp om ma utr e “The data in thote tables have been delefmined 2t EQEAIGN appliances contrite, both sensible and ranulscturers daa, the American Gre dies Bai Keach a gonce, Elecere appltandel Sideribute ion data, Directory of Approved Gas Appl ee Be Maad ly by vocas or ae arn tees AE Lod emit cnroy ec towtee arises = ee Laue ass 35 sks Die nap Atti Rigage Sen Chic dt Apeeok” wotugabeon-nicty TF wnat Pants wean [ae Ae wma | Se Etec mer pac {ecw | eemaetpas tame sts wesc] a0 stoke ee Ca foe [sce mvs ta | ee Ta eM en oma ira wigs | rsone Tae a fsa Bi ide oe aida meee 8 ox fete ceed SPL ee OUE jag aval ssentSenlaunet| aaTLOAIN, PROM, RESTAURANT: APPL wa twp weatoceon |S 91S cay ish 1446 wana ven Te Som wp. 710 wend [erect ae (SBME SHR Soe iene sss | ere eee 3 phon 2 Paton oe Baa fen esi Sapa ease est od nay ba ageresble= eg ah es Ay To BAT BURNIE ee Tie wise oe 1 Sau oR Tone lo] 1 Spire Un tonPBar wow antes en one heat, ee — “heoreaeg The followin, inted ode ig ba conversion table which can be termine load factoer From: sicasurcmentes Sas in shi paws heat esta conductor Gees Tether ot teoner Suet times ae wosonducersee it bersMop TADLE 65—APPARATUS DEWFOINTS oom conemoxs | © ele fers Yorn ra geleeles|ee| az os ie ce a ie a aly a alu Sao ‘arlnaln Satins ws el seli faze ue ae) njrel als a er 3 13) hor {304 S al: peor71+55 Fon ANC ArPauis Bee pu a Buen jmaranzemale 5 SSO MRA EL Ses js aa] woe Matar Bia 4) or Sra st) 3 Sor e313 13) fn Ete ‘ise See iipet as; es astPSYCHROMETRIC FORMULAS Ac AIR MIXING EQUATIONS (Outdoor aad Retuee Aid) ta me olefin (fina X tom) rn) chm, ee Lefec X ha) (ebies¥la) ® c ig Ws = Lelie se (fica X Wg © 8. COOLING LOAD EQUATIONS ERSH = RSH 4+ (HF) (OASH) + RSHIS* a) ERLE RLH + BF) (OALH) 4. RLAS* (5) ERTH =ERLH 4 ERSH ~ PREG) TSH ERS CASH 4 ROHS m TL =RLH+ OAL + RLESe ® CTH = TS y TLH sors. © RSH 18h fg Hebd 00) RUE Rf chm, (Wee Wa) Ly RT K file X (ling = his) ay RTH = RSH- RE - (3) ASCE S108 & cfs (ia — bad aa OALH = 68% cfm (Mg = Tra) (13) OATH 3445 % china (ig, ~ fg} 05) OATH = OASHs OAL (in (BF) (OATH) =(F) (CASH) + (BF) (OALH) (38) ERS = 108% 064% Con aus) (= BF) co) ERLH = 68x cfiect X (Hon Wey) (1 BE) @0) ERTH = 445 5 cfgct (hoe ~ hug) (1 — BE) eh ‘HSH, RESIS ang’ GIS ate supplementary Wadd Uactig uct teat gala, duce taksye Joss, fon and pup honepower rales cic 'To siniplity ‘he watious examples, these sup Plesencay loads tive noi been used in the taleulidons Hamevet,in actual practice, diesesup plewenry loads shoute be Wied where appnpraie hapten? glves ta values fo aha Ystlous sinplemeotary loud. Fig, J, Chapter lllaneaes she method of accounting tr theas nspplementary wads oe she Sir contiioning load exinie eaet 2, poge 131, gives the dervasinn of these alt constant, When wo ai iw be piywcally byjaed around the seqgh soning apparatun cing, = cat, TTS = 108K ctmaet x (lan bal? “O TLH = 68x cfmat X (Way = Wise ER CTH 445 x dimer X(ha— hell ii SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR Equanions Roe RSH RSF e W'S 3GH + RH 7 “RTH Este = _g_ ERSH_ ERsH. ERSH TERE ~ ERTH A sn TSH Be ose SHE TRS gL, OTH 1 >. (BYPASS FACTOR EQUATIONS BF jr) = es Mo Neng! fs ee © TRMPERATURE EQUATIONS AT APPARATUS teat Lette X be) Celt toh so + BE (lee ~ bag) feo feoy and they correspond to Uie calculated values Of fig and hy on the psychrometric ehict 5 tn X Ia) 4 fetes find = Naty + BF (leg Thay) hat® Fay £ TEMPERATURE EQUATIONS FOR SUPPLY AIR | pod 1.08 (cfg) Ae cba apportion tay any We MlsGait QUANTITY FOUATIONS os du = Hee a 108 XC = BA OB 4 FRU a= asi AIR Ws) eT w, , } (00) ike oo TE te ie eet LABIA. hh) ap as THK im tad my Rutt re ais Clin, © Cie = Cty By Note fn, will be Tess thaseefma only wien < Ae i phystealy bypaceed“aemind conditioning appaestie, he the + elt oy Hh DERIVATION OF Ata CONSTANTS 0 i TOF dan 502 rh aap deg 7) sry ate, 60.= minghe 13.3 = specie volume of mois ar UDP eLand 30% 24 155, 700 pets 0 oho Vie 2 peor icleat atau ae W708 avanauy eh lori = average Neat temos! re «quired to concense’one:) patndlal ater apo tony rere grains por patind rin flr” specie volurne of maf air A070 db and 80%, ch,Sohal) hI aL Stall Glass) LS) oy alu a liad) GLC uch sad ast sla Coe pT aay Gheag J! (Small Split Unit ) 8 gk Maite Gisas shail pgs Gigs 1 9 Slee Gas ay All 8 U9 (Window unit ) 22s Es Ga cies OSA NSN pall aa Ui Ad glen Re al gh Ae I BS UO ey es 296 CAB pel Gillian ahd SLAG A AL Na waka g cals Gilat SORA Os Juss wt el pulling IS yall oh gf) us Ss ahs, Pggdi caus FA OF Fhe Bsa gt oly anse ol gh lass chan y phish ge OAS — HEA ) Ck) Baa gt us el jal Say AN easy el gb cies staan Sead Via da ha) aly Bye DENS ans (lad alse. hud Sao yh 08g LGAs Au gllaall SAN) CH al Gb pas lls cis Saabs) Ata su tly ol (DX) Lele andy (DX packaged Unit ems sist Gk Ge 5 lla ay ol gg ant ci Meek NY I ola ea lady yp Ul ge AREY LE Jay) CORBIS Gt Hal olay ego coals Biya tad aah ge plyell iy ratball OS O55 of ALAM Ns oo 81 9 Aand oslea LS Ga tah Ce Chal NASA 9 ALYY Cia ag Ja pitt Lt ge anh g Spa PB I cada pha 98) pal cha ys 8 san (DX Split Unit) Waite ye op bass faas satiated Ciuc gal ApS As alas Ciisall Oo 6h ga 5 ds] pall Gua’ ait Sas gil ois 5 sl get a. hy seats! ay BE ph gh 4a tsa 8 PS ag Lattyy alas Azali dy cy6Sb (ill aul 5 AUN Lak Las URL Hag PITS i olen hye Sg 3 al gS us SR lal ad ay Ay Sg be dla (LUN pts ety colic § OSU UE RS ada yy al 4aSo Me peed ah Ge she Slane Ml 9 Sa pall all Shy BS Eas lly ps all Ga tle 5 ole ply ga OH Ge ye Bese slat ab Oe 6 all Sa gy cd ne ogg (Chilled Water System) sB0) 13 py wp AS aad oth Go rgd hus gti CaN A Sto 8 aN Ay nt GSA wy dane) Kad Sys Mats yh daa) cls, ing SAB) tél a pital) est Ui 5 pid Abadia las gt pleads JS pall kei ltd a Abd eb sel Unadilla clay gl Y) pang obzall Cbs poe Gu gle ‘seed olgal) plod Asi 6G oy Es shall g yahad dit Ly UE past clas, 24S AlAs yo hy HS AB ol crag (BID AS Ss oy gS) DYE AU LE Tits gy as Jatt Gd watt Shas also Mite 8 Aa 15 ygot Lada cha gh lk eM ls 5 Sl) Alecia tag ob Rent cian gh aladSady AUB ah ce Lyell AaB eal sedi hag ahaha CAS AU 5a pL gS Un) Sot Hau hss Cle Asay Ua gl gh yaa Fa da jo aca gy Sly (GP + (61 6 wesley auld ya ad Ce pe Tas ae Bagh As 33) Seal oleall ts |B yest Queda Buc Shas aki ty Utael ggllinds Gide y te HSA LSA saad ph aa Sl LS Satie ol GR RS aaa oe, walla 593 CSSD Claas Read as Gel Chee gb ae cla Byseat sLal a pe Le ca py Bs Solely Chit aegis iy aus 54 (Diversity Factor ) qlaSSuil dain (i Uy pine jail Uibeay) dead! 4 Bacall ot EDS cps un AAA yg Atl) Ley) Za sss lg (\£) 2; Ayal dy dle Hacine IS he gy Sty Be pall obea) Chicas U8) apg Lay erty AIS (URI Abita) Bulg AStaa CALI g css! y lye pe Mat gs Fa pet oll Boag JS GS (CHILLER ) oud ay cass 2S we sa) Nee JS daw oles Claes Qi) ae USS) id False ashy Ves dad MN ASaally Ba oh Ye BOS gs Gf le HEB Ate agile 1h (ACD) heal 9g LL) Sad A aD eR LAS G98) GI GL yte Kita aid Ls Js a8) Ld oe olgall 50 Aayi hiual 3 ah) AUS ye spt otal) Ac Gels lsioy dacs US pi Cie sel sie Gi pila bidet) 1) Muay a usit Cie y uuslaall sila WaaAg Raita les selggt eyins ASS piu esa laa as erie ah plana liede aan i gunticaming A Lag AU oe gj ey oye CS USB Cas aL Ge the ans wehuSel! lS USN pligell Va Guts gd 1 PPS egg aso aati aay a a ca et i staucTions Exanpve; \ oe Secihaind dec Vance Mee ‘hediscuananert i, \ oh Tayi ‘ RUPligg hoe UAls 5 gpl Apulia A peal) ik) ay | wast gel) gta esa Daa el gph Ay le pl gtlh all ine eae SH gal) Bayh AS Uk BS) Sees lh Le pall pl) Aus wat SSIES all 615g) Lies ated oo shall pe pall te pa + « Jot bill cof ABM Sa oa el Jal Rae LUE (iyo SHUI [dag Qe ota Gi allaall ef eg wheres 238 iS a 59 hye OSA SB sl 48 aayrdleae eet Stayf 3335 gull Gane sal lo a ot Al Stel ye a Sh, 2 TET 08 elgg goes Chk Gh es dob Gus Lait gyi tay Jd Ghul Cilia 81D gL Ce iy Cs ued al LE oy AS i sees ches Ge os J ll dal le sey 8 a a tye ope dag) sal Tl a8 pa Te elle fee GL Galea GLY Bg apn? calla sl set os jae oe Ul as fF pene OY a 8 ce gl aed) ead gall des BLE VT) Cd dybt Gaal dd Gls ile ARGD ca Sy Uli Las wis, Sash ca A ta eh se Aah Qty ati I 1g ofa p Ja Clute gunil -» Sghill doqant Gilly ad Vo 6 JO Lich 5 88 ald oy ght Cael B co) Says Alby ol 930 elas Ga p Jad 13s aa saad Geta ues wt Ge Lg (A) SED BS ygShe) Clad Fel ys ae cht MAS Unsssns Ce L EI la caH AyD ce laa 6) jal clad weset OS chs ike A SSI Cuil GL Cah (Ay tha el gpl las CARS) pl gtlle jaw GAB ausacly LST Se ge el Gy atl Ne Gye Bet fA SAL ely ZLspelt pg y AAS) i elgg) 5 jlo pre vo Wiley a ale ist ob SD ty a ly Shggll os poe ahs Gye deal atl s SY) alc (ASPECT RATIO) (ed Leni ein y TN AUS Fle) oa able Ge cil ALAN WO LN yu Ral og Seal CIS Lut ving wt gh Bula gto ety Kaa ols 5 AL sgl ped Auli 8) pal Leas 7 ht gl Ged AIIM lal Js 12 YA Go 124 Ga ( Aspect ratio ) 3445p Ns Fate Ayla oo) gall Ja Hua ag ciel A ol gg daveihad Sd Ge dS ole ( Aspect ratio) Sud its gan (ester) pf bata s SE GM Ne eae eta Gy us Ret ot g2 glad acesAstecttatic ee eee Sor CHART 4—INSTALLED COST V5 ASPECT RATIO. CHART 3—DUCT HEAT GAIN V5 ASPECT RATIO. CHART 5—GPERATING cOSt VS ASPECT Ratio agwis eiipgll ig sles bed cpa 9) baled aie ahi 2) Plog eu dab Ue eS Ol gee HH glee ta OP SAS Taak cub ath ss Maka cf Aa kg SN GE Fgh) CALS oh gg espe dhs SMe oh Lee Sl Maha se lggll gee Ghelbe oxi ab ae at ci Sieg wud Ge Gand ie Vl es a syne das 9 Cl ANAM ohh A etaas eset eps ie abe ji cl eae (08) dE ee RRO ce Toi MY oe Jy dual eo | & 3 |e] os Fleet t ies NOTE: Anghs owl are fur tow velection 17 wap MEtomimeni ori sel ie slape fa ow nee. Dic Transronatton Wir Bqunmien nv tHe DUCT, i uy — Rycrancuine Duct Trassronsiar To Awiia Gaseeer10% oz pl ggll og eos Cilla tis Sas sl gQll cone Gske Ratan dj Badhs elses A posal Le Aa yd Se Le 13) Blo ce) 98 eos Cilla phat ating Lan olan AS Shel gs de US ep ely gues dy OIA Lay ¥ on Jl aed oils a%re Os AS Ag as cats Madly day gl ¢ Aa RL cial Gb sit OSs Sly danas chee gee Sete GSO! gol as ut al 40Bswle Gs ual Ooty baby yeLes J Legh egull gie oan eet sped "108 pl gpl gal othe dl GG Gf Ja Ls bid else sl.ygdh Saas 8 aS BEARS Aga sat plop Sas 8 ptt oly Ladue cite jad SN oh) old Fst s joe tl (Splitter Damper ) € 52! Ge obsgll BIS Ges Ge da Et Gs eleg GIA Gok Ge elgg Las pb Saal oad Ad ote ah cia shal g gill Lalo 9 indi ode 559 ( Volume Damper ) aa! Hes — Fenean Paneorsselgg og las ASpi clita Le (Fire Dampers ) G0) 3334.5 ( Volame Dampers) esa) aisha o (Sound absorbers) gall clastay «(Access Doors) Ges Gigis Bl prac ol FY UlSls ol ogll cae Red gous 5 by 6) ci Ly lagi doe US elsiay te + (FIRE DAMPERS ) Sli 3163. 1 SEL Ge US Catt tl sal Glas a oe pledll cola le Gia) cag Os ee Sapsn Dla Ga afl f Gb J) Gaal Ay gal wi ely Sal Bed FS Os Oost (EEF) GI Baw Al ee Ge oa) hye PSE cs cole Sn Gh Ohta (ET) aby LOAM 8 Bath BLE Gi Aled ee AE HY og gee oe Sad (£1) ddd Li a Sn c » 3 Eb sh fougt cern ———_| signe ve toe(ACCESS DOORS jah Gig ae Sheed hyd cae DAM Ss Ge i eld GEES Ol gl Gus Gags AE US ye OS HSS aa SHS ale CS Cy Sy lis ad LSD Hua slseh cose (SOUND ABSORBER ) Sisal cists _y pias aah hy 9 lla RAS Gig Ses pao ol gph ole Ue LS ky oh OSL AY SUT CAS #1 sell soles dale el gall Ae ye SU Spall Wee ss dame Gila g Ciba gud ats Coguall Gua hig Ged Ee og gine ll URS } «(SOUND ATTENUATOR ) .-ssi5 TABLE 1S—WEIOHTS OF DUCT MATERIAL by | fa | ie TABLE 17 —nECoMMeNDED contstRUCHION io] oe | ae FOR REGANOULAK SHEET METAL DUCT Re | fs | ie ich Praise Sper 1 fee | 8s | Ba og | eatin cio | resusaoe “ NGLES 8 BLOG FON WAR DUETS (9 RTA ron AVERAGE LOCAL eHphe Gly Ye gh LSS! sy elogll ge ao) 95 (AIRO. } (tills & registers) Biady Gdy be tgs 98s E13 elec ke aut sh ABA Uiskas col cad 48 Le Ugtag ef cei ing diffuser ) uid, oye bing sasha Gita) ctiad fo) sds «(liner grill or liner diffuser ) citat a1 gl Bice ee ais tego agus ANS GLE Le pat Cahj Lab co gg eR oo CS ph sgl le gus 2 seated AN onl aan lh sl g¢lh dowery p06 i Ge Qt de pal cu OS SS Nie bd Flog ie ae lay Hail ee 64 0.7 Gls Oe Ald BY Cass Cal Oa play) Giasegit eel CALS ¢ Aa dial fab He 8 yy Mey ZA Oe lsgicg ds OF GI cipal gh Gel ste CoH y ACISY) ooh Gini cite gistd 8 Aas Ga llaall gle) Fmt 8s Of eas cbiatoaall 4A 1g Lads pl edie Ca Gh ghee 9S) Ol CLs MA a Taal dy al 9 Als all Su tel jal wel sell Cigie le bts CNY) 5 CLL gu Of dass La pa Cp 54i: [4 cece bo ae 20. z* CHAPTER 2. AIR DUCT BEStGN | TABLE 9—RICHON GF ROUND DUCT SYSTEM ELEMENTS 2.08 nanan couomnon 0 tario® W tee hen i Wests * tier teow ue = Wises Btw Wa? Tmo thew yori Wie tw an VA oF 5 i i ce th ‘Fhe: on voce {gece eet thes oars ener re pe amg ima ear aeTABLE TO-PRICTION OF RECTANGULAR DUCT SYSTEM ELEMENTS i oe [ “axon Toye ane ‘estangter Vewed Radios Hw adteralar Favor those wpe ee a i foe ie W/O 1 NO = Laban ae ia (Sea onl aces Reamratnaeo wT rs |e anion say ate Wel Toeanamen oe tCHAPTER 2, AAR DUGT DESIGN 2a TABLE 1O—FRICTION OF RECTANGULAR DUCT SYSTEM ELEMENTS (Contd) uae : ore AS Paes waar Weanaternn HCVENTILATION The main purpose of veniilation is to evacuate the dangerous gasses or bad smell from the space, To design the ventilation si stem, you have to know the followings.- Al Requited cates of air changes. | B) Recommended location of air cutet ( grills or diffusers ), Required ratos of air changes :- The table (1) below may be taken as a general guide to determina required air quantity for various applications. Gust you determined rate of air changes you ¢an calculate the rate of air quantity can be easily calculated using the following equation: ‘Space volume x Number of air change per hour Rate of air quantity = 60 {CFM or M3 / SEC.) 2- Recommended location of air outlet : Aexhaust outlet for all applications to be at high level on wall or 1G, except in applicazions with gasses heavier than air. ‘These applications as = 1- CAR PARKING:- Since CO gas from ears is heavier than air, so exhaust air outtet to be at 30 cm. from ground level. While supply fresh air out let if oxists to be at high level, 2- KITCHENS: Exhaust hoad to be provided above the hot kitehen’s equipments and very close to it These Hoods to be directly connected to the exhaust duct. 5sFUME REMOVAL Same procedure 8 kitchen exhausi to be followed. In some applications a room to be built around the equipment and gasscs to be directly exhausted from this room Examples of fume generation areas aro:- 4+ Sandbiast &pooths. 2. Sandbiast Booths, ‘ “3. Electro-Plating. 4 6 ical Welding 5- Paint Spray booths 8- Kitchen Equipment. AIR CHANGES P| Although no hard and tast rules can be laid doven for rates of air changes, the recommendations in ( Table 1) may be taken as a general guide. SgTABLE 2 as Li . Situation de or anges ) Assembyy Malis a fs «0.02 = m9 Bathrorrins { is a ee us Bolles Houses | nia Soe ne : es epee area ce on fia ere = dimes © Cure BUN Ris Ih e pers win? © po : Melee acumen gee Gancs Hae eae Serer: eee [ineg same os a" - Eels Facies pgs sare ad Furnace rooms [FAN Laws | ee Te hes Hospital Treatment Roam Kitchens for Restaurants Laboratories Laundries Loraries Offices Paint Shops Residences * Asstaurants Storage Atess ‘Swimming Baths “Theatres Workshops In simolified form a | 1) CFM varies DIRECTLY with REN CFMJCEM2=RPMYRPMA | | 2) SP varios with the SQUARE of he REM | Sp/SP2 = (RPM/RPM2)2 | 3) HP varies with to CUBE at the RPM | * General Requirements are 28mg por ‘porecn minimurn in pubis places: more, if smoking is alowed, + Dependent on sight of building and umber of porseons. s UME RENovaL | Recommended minimum velcoties across face of extract hood =P Sanblast Bpooths 2.5 mis openince Sandolast Booths 0.4 m/s downiiards through booth Electro-Plating 075-1.0 ms Electiic Wtding 0.5-1.0 mis Fait Spray Qiolhs 0.75 irs in besgthing zona sy Michen Equipmont —0.5-0.75 mvsSMOKE CONT: BY SSURISATION Air Requirements of a Pressurisation System 4.4 DESIGN BACKGROUND The dosign of any air movement system in- volves an answer fo the question= “How do | establish the AIR VOLUME tequired to make this system work?” With a Pressurisation System designed for SMOKE CONTROL there is an initial ques- tion to be answered “What PRESSURE (or VELOCITY) do | need ta develop in the escape routes to hold back the smoke?” The answers to both these questions were providod as a result of research work by Po. Hobson and t.. J Stewart in the U.K. during the 1960's and 1970's (Ref 6). This work led directly to the publication of tho U.K. code of Practice for Prassurisation Systems + BS5586 Part 4 in 1978 (Ref 7). now super- seded by the current code of practice in S568 Part 4:1998 (Rot 8) 4.2 PRESSURE LEVELS Stewart and Hobson studied the ‘actors which can cause smoke to spread around a building. As a result they were able to sug gest guidelines fora Pressurisation System designed for SMOKE CONTROL. TABLES details these guidelines. This established the DESIGN PRESSURE lovels of 80 Pa for operating MODE | - All Doors Closed - ofa system although re duced pressures would bo acceptable on buildings of lower height 4.3 SUPPLY Al VOLUME Having established the PRESSURE LEVEL required to hold back the smoke, the AIS VOLUME to be suppliad to the escape route te devolop this prassura can ba calculated ‘Again, the formula for doing this comes tram the work by HOBSON dnd STEWART. Q@ = 0.83A,P* Q = The voluma of alr required (rn*/sec} A, = Leakage area from the space (ir?) P" = Pressure citferential (Pa) 1 = Leakage tactor & For large leakage areas -Doors ete- n= 2 For smallleakage areas - Window eracks n=16 For the purpose of a Pressurisation System designed to hold the smoke behind doors the formula becomes, Q = 0.83A,P? Fire Prossure (Pa) Building Height (m) fo eee eer thee 5 85 8.0 Basign Pressure. (Pa) |” Wind/Stack Effect | (Pa) |4.4 DOOR LEAKAGE AREA “The etfactive door leakage areas can b9 estimated by using the values given is TABLE 4 (Ret 7). These values only apply 10 the door types and sizes chown Single Leat in Frame Opening | 2m x 800 mm 56 | 901 into Pressurised Space i | Single Leat in Frame Opening | 2m x 800 em 56 0.02 Outwards | oe pee | a | Double Loat with or without 2mxi6m a2 | 0.03 Central Rebate i | Litt Door 2m High x 80 0.08 | i rt 2m Wido ‘if { tofiptie-} able 4 - Typical Leakage Areas Around Doors For single openings, one door, A. = nett free atea of the opening 15, or doors, sit teted in PARALLEL around a pressurised space Fig 11 For several open ApS Ayr A, t Ast Ay || i a4 ue Ag S Lobby -s | § ya NE 5 i Bio off re . ——— Fig 14- Doors in Paraltel 59Ae» (A, XA) (Az +AS2 Fortwo doors in series more typical of a pressuris: ong. an escape route. Fig 12. | sation system this simplifies to Azcom as 2 Fig 15 - Doors in Sories Although we can estimate the effective area for an escape route in this way, there are al. ways, in ary builcing, other leaks wa are not aware of, To accommedate theso, the air supply vol- ume caleulated should be increased by at least 50%, stipulated by the CODE OF PRACTICE, 48 OPEN DOOR VELOCITY When a large opening, eg the opering of a Goor eccurs, then these design pressures Cannot be maintained, \n this situation smoko can be helet back tom the escape routes if the AIR VELOC. [ thitough the open door, out of the pres Surised space, is sufficiently high, ‘here aro two possibie occasions whon the Pressurisation Sysiem fas to control the smoke by VELOCITY. Both these are specified in tha U.K. Code of Practice. 2), Means of Escape Whilst people are escaping the building Its inevitable that doors wil be open, albelt in: ‘Simitently BS8663: Pari 4: 1998 ssecties an air velocity of 0.75m/seo through the open doors) onto the fre floor for all Gasses of “oscape systems (volocity Gtiteron). In addition the requirements of Class "C*,"D" and "E" Systems demand a minimum pressure difierence of +10Pa across the closed door(s) onto fire floors (pressure criteron). &0 Fig. 710.9 inclusive détall this later require ment, This pressure criterion is likely to produce Ca Welisst Geriand to: supply on Class C systems, and oocasonially oni Class E a + gystoms using power exhaust from tha Mire ‘oor, ») Eire Fighting During fire gong the Fire Brigade need to’ open Coors on the fire fiaor to gain. entry without themselves being ongulfed in smoke. The cade of practice ‘specify that an Air Velocity of 2.0misec is needed to achieve this. The ait supply for al these casas is usually greater than that required ta davelop tho 50Pa pressure requirament of the detection phase (Mode 4). Therefore, to provent the Pressure in the stalrease etc. rising to a level where it b6- comes difficult or impossible, fo: eet to open doors onto the escape route, supply syst ba capable of The maximum allowable door op is limited by the new Code of Pra: Newton applied at the door achieve this maximury dosign pr +60Pa is recomme; d ni ice to 100 and. To4.6 REQUIREMENTS OF A PRESSURISATION SYSTEM a) A Pressutisation System designed to frotecl an escape route used only for MEANS OF ESCAPE is required to de- velop 50 Pa Pressure in the escape route when all the doors are closed, and up to 0.75 msec VELOCITY through the open door on the fire floor, OR a pressure, ditterence of OPA across the closed fire flor dosir, which ever is qrvater, under conditions, ilus- trated Figs 5, 7 8 and 9. b) A Pressurisation System designed to protect an escape route which is to be used both for MEANS OF ESCAPE and FIRL: FIGHTING is reauired 10 achieve = VELOCITY of 2 rvseo through the open door on the fre floor under the conditions ilustrated by Fig 6, in addition to the requirsments specitied in (a) above. ‘¢} A Prossutisation Systam must include * a low resistance path to enable the pressurising air to escape from the unpressurised araas of the building discussed In 2.3, If mechanical exhaustis used then the FANS must be capable of handling the hat smoke involved and comply with the requirements of 8S7346 Par Here then are the simple tools which allow us to establish the AIR SUPPLY and HAUST requirements.of 2 PRESSUF TION SYSTEM for SMOKE CONTROL They will apply to any combination o' PRESSURE cr DOOR, VELOCITI SPECIFIED IN THE VARIOUS NATIONAL Codes of Practice.Fan Selections 5.1 WORKED EXAMPLE The best method for establishing the re- quiremenis of SUPPLY FANS for pressut- sation systoms is to select the fans for a typical pressurised statrcase ‘The exampie chosen is perhaps tie sim- plest form of a Pressurised Staircase tor ‘Smoke Control, and as such may ba‘unreal. However, using a simple example. it is easier to determine and highlight the fan requirements, Example: A Staircase, Fig 16 serves 6 floors. Theres a double door to outside at ground evel and single doors Into the accommodation on each floor. 5.2 CALCULATION PROCEDURE. A complata and detailed caleulation aroce- dure, with worked examples, is outlined in BS5508 Pari 4:1998. Designers should tol ow this approsch when saeking ap aroval tor their schemes, With the possible exceptions cutlized In paragraph 4.5(aj the size of the supply fan for prassurisation system is dotermined by the volocity through the open door (s) - MODE 2 or MODE 3. The airflow requirments of MODE 1 and are then achieved by either a) Wasting the excess airto atmosphere or b) Reducing the volume flow of the fan, The worked example in this paper employs. ‘a much simplified method of caiculation de- veloped and used by Mr C. H. Moss (Ref 10}. This method is very useful when sizing and selecting the supply sir fan (s).. (twill al ways ovar estimate the air supply require- ments by: a) The addition of $0% 10 the calculated air flows at MODE 4 b) Assuming that, when the door(s) as specified, are opan {MODE 2 AND MODE 3), the pressure of $0 Pa is main. tained in the staircase and litt lobbies However, buildings in general, and stair cases in particular are notoriously ‘leaky Equally, ineomect and iltfiting doors wouk increase the airflow demands, Ovor sizing the supply fan at the design stago can prove beneficial during commissiening This highlights one of the requirements of a supply air fan - that It's air volume output be easily adjustable on sits, Axial flow fans with variable geometry Impellers meet this requirement. 5.3 EXHAUST AIR FANS: The sizing of any EXHAUST AIR FANS will also be determined from the system caleula- tion procedure. These fans must be capable of handling hot air smoke and comply with BS7346 - Part 2 (Ret 2) or similar testing siandard. BS5586 - Part 4: 1998 recommends that exhust aif fans be espablo of surviving 600°C for 2 hours in unspiinklered buildings 300°C for 2 hours in sprinklored buildings. At the time of writing neliher of these speci ations are in line with the high temperature categories specified in BS7346 Part 2 ott Hance designers are recommended to sock clarification from Buliding Contro 625.4 PRESSURISED STAIRCASE ONLY MODE 1 (85568 Pari 4- 1998) ALLSYSTEMS ALLOOORS CLOSED Fig 16- Plan of Stairease A = 1x double door at 0.03 = 6.03 m* 6xssingle doors ai 0.01 = 0.06 m* 4 0.09 Q= 083A.” = 0.83 «0.09 x 50" Increase by 50% = 0.53msec + 0.26 mifsee 0.72 m/sec Say 0.80 msec MODE 2 (BS55e0 Parl 4 - 1999) CLASS ASYSTEMS ESCAPE Staircase Accomodation Fig 17 A= Area of single leat door 2.0m x0.8m V = Velocity through door Oe VxA=075x 16 Add MODE 1 mt 0.75 mjsee = 1.20 misec o.8Gmvisec 2oomsec 63 a) To calculate presaure required in stairwell to exhaust 1.2 m/sec to almos- phere via fire floor (see tig 17) Area ol si Acoa of exhaust vant 20x08 21.66 = 1.29.5 = 6:68 i] sits 048 | (0 83 xA. | = 10.01 Pa This is more than covered by 60 Pa assumed. b) To calculate area of Pressure Relief. Quantity of airto be wasted = (2.00.8) = .2mijsec Area of Pressure Relief 0.83 x (50)" 0.204 m* MODE 2. CLASS'E SYSTEM, ESCAPE PRESSURE CRITERION TOTIOTIDETTNPLTRETI ED Siarease —— Aeconve Fig 182) To catucluate the airflow through 9pen door to outside with ToRa pressure in stairweit Q +083 A, P’ =083x16x1D0 24.20 msec b) To calculate airflow through open accommodation door with 1)Pa pres- sure in stalrwell an assume and 0.2m area of leakage from 2acn floor. {see Fig 17 and note below). AP 0.217 mi 0.63 AP" 0.88 x 0.217 x 10% = O87 msec ojo: The accommadatian ce each oor i assumed t bean opon plan offer 900 9a wea xan high. From Tete D8 in US5540 -Pevl- 1990, usng GrevEe Inakage via th floors and lnase faakage wells, the Toakage area om the ecconmodation an one ocr would he 0.200, ©) To calculate airllow required to maintain the Prossure Criterion Through open ext door = 4.20 msec Through @ off) open accommodation doors: = 1.14 msec Add MODE 1 = 0.30 msec 6.14 msec < Open es ee SE et vet a Sieltase ——Anenmadatior Fig 19 é a) To calculate airflow th ough open tie floor daor A. = Area ot single leal dows 20x08 m 160 V = Velocity through door =0.7! OD 2AxV= 168x075 1.200 b) To calculate pressure required in stairwell to exhaust 1.2 m’/sec to atmos phere Via fire floor. (Fig 18) ‘Area of single leaf door 1.6m Area of exhaust vent fromfire floor = 0.48 mn = 10.01 Pa (Say 10 Pa) flow through open ie with 10Pa Pressure in stairwell Q = 083 ALP = 083% 1.6x10 = 4.20 mises ¢) Airflow through open accommodation door with 10Pa pressure in stairwell - {rpm PRESSURE CRITERION 25 ab0v0) 7 mi/see ©) To calculate airtiow required to mei tan the VELOCITY CRITERION ‘Through open fire floor door = 4 ‘Through open exit door 4.201 Through apen accommodation doo = B:S7miee 0.80mn/see 8.7Tmise Add MODEL Note Velocity Criterion dominates f) To calculate area of Pressuire Roliet Quantity of air to be waster = (6.767-0.800) Area ot Pressure RetielMODE! 3 - CLASS 6 SYSTEMS” FIRE FIGHTING (BS5588 Part: 4 - 1998) As Mea of single teat door Omx0.6m=.1.6 m7? V=. Velocity through door Q = Thiouigh open door on fire floor =16 x 2.0 =3.20 msec a} To calculate pressure requijed in stair- wall to exhaust 3.2 m'/see to atmos- aro via fire floor (Fig 20). DBP 1122) PITTED Starease ——_Aveornedation Fig 20 Area of single leaf stair/fire roony door 1.6 mi Area of exhaust vent from fire 3.2/2.5 = 1.28 m? = 14.8 Pa (SAY 15 Pa) b) To calculate volume air flow through open door to outside with 18 Pa pres- sure in stairwoll Q= 0.83A,P Ys = 0827 x 1.6x15 = 5.14 m' ———— ae ¢)) To calculate volume air required to maintain 2,0 m/see through open door on fire Or. = Through open door on fi = 1.6 x20 Through open door to outside ‘Add MODE 1 9.14 msec d) To calculate area of Pressure Relief Quantity of air to be wasted (9:14 0,8) 8.34 meysee ‘Area of Pressure Relist o 0.83 x (60) * = 8.54 5.5 SUMMARY OF FAN OUTY REQUIREMENTS ‘Supoly (with Natural Ext Escape Only Staircase - Class A System 2.0 mi/sacat 50 Pa + System Losses 4 m? of Pressure Relief. Escape only stair- Class E system 6.769 m'jsec at 50 Pa + system losses O2n¥ of Pressure Reliet Fire Fighting and Escape Staircase Glass B system 9.14 m'/see at 50 Pa + System Losses 4,43 m* of Pressure Ri Exhaust Escape Only Staircase - 1.2 msec al exhaus! system losses of 0.48 m? of Natural Vent per Floor,Smoke Control in Building Early smoke venting systems were cesigned around singte storey taclory bulling’s. Hera, the height through which the smcke rises was small. Hence, the smoke was thought to remain hot enough so that, when com- bined with a relatively deep smoke tayar, it would provide the buoyancy requised to forceit through the natural smoko vents pro- vided In larger and more complicated buildings, for example ATRIUMS and SHOPPING MALLS, adequate buoyancy cannot be as- sumed. During the erilical early stages of a fire, when people are escaping, the smoke may be loo cuol to form a stable layer, We have seen that as smoke moves and fises It entrains the surrounding air, grows in volume and cools, The effects of this on two typical mociern buildings are discussed below. i ATRIUM Many modern buildings are being designed around 3 central ATRIUM (6 1 alry atmosphere in the oxcupi in this type of building Torm itis often alt cult, it hotimpossible, to keep the fire smoke out of the high ATRIUM arse where it wai sise and grow. Indeed, the lop of the ‘ATRIUM Is often the only convenient plac from which lo extract the smoke. TABLE 2 shows the effect of atrium height on bath smoke mass produced and smoke temperature from our basic 3m x9mx5 MEGAWATT fire, assuming ambient tem poraturo of 178C, TABLE 2 shows that the higher we allow the smoke layer to seltio up the ATRIUM, the cooler it becomes and the larger the vol- ume of extraction required to remove il, In- deed, ina very tall atria the low temperature ‘could mean that the smoke layer would not remain stabie ‘To limit the extraction rate and thereby the size ol eny fens, upper pari of a TABLE 2- ATRIUM - EFFECTS OF HEIGHT ON SMOKE MASS TEMPERATURES _ | HEIGHT OF MASSRATEOF | VOLUMERATEOF | SMOKE | SMOKE LAYER. | SMOKE PRODUCTION | SMOKE PRODUCTION | TEMPERATURE | (m) ika/Sec) = (en3's0¢) = ON 00} x Bhs. MIN MAX | MIN” Tax” | 4 19.2 | Sih t 23.0 28.5 147 QT | ie 55.0 [s20 | sa0 | ea | 108 | 42 : 700.0 ado. |) (960 4 oh «67 | [thes tae. 280.0 236.0.) 244.0 | TABLE 3 és z | HEIGHT OF VOLUME RATE OF SVORE | VOLUME RATE OF FLOW | SMOKE LAYER PRODUCTION (MAX) | FROM 20 2 VENT (rm) ‘(m@¥sac} i {misao} 103.0Hence the provision of physical means of escape via tha ATRIUM would have to be avoided Natura! buoyancy powered snioke Venting {rom the top of a tall ATRIUM bacomes very difficult, TABLE 3 compares, at increasing hoights, the volume rate of flow out of a natural vent opening of 20 m? at the top of an ATRILIM with the volume rate of smoke production from our 3 m x Sm x § MEGAWATT fire, The volune flow rates are based on a 4 metre decp smoke reservoir and an ambi- ent temperature of 17°0, TABLE 9 makes clear that an ATRIUM of {2 mor higher (8 METRE-SMOKE LAYER14 METRE SMOKE DEPTH) the buoyancy driven volume flow thraugh 20 m? 1 vent will be lower than the rat of smoke Production. For the system to wark above 12 m a lavger vent area is needed. This Could bo dlifficull ta provide in the top of an ATRIUM, Mechanical ventilatton Is now frequently used in the ATRIUM above 12 m high. in very tall ATRIUM, shore the smoke does fot tise to the top of the ATRIUM, smoke ventilation can be impossible without very careful design. ‘ SHOPPING MALLS These present differant problems as illus- trated in FIG 2. Large Shops - 1000 m? and above need to be provided with their own smoke venting systom where the extraction rate is calcu. laled, as already explained in CHAPTER 1 in the Smait Shop units, along the mills, would be impractical to provide individual systems and it has, therefore, become, the orm to allow the smoke from the he shop {0 enter the mail and then exhaust it the top of the ma Avthe point where the smoke leaves the ‘shop and additional large-amount of air is @nirained in'it which effectively doublo mass and (apidly coals the smoke. The forrnula for the calcula Of smoke produced is ther become n of the mass, iy modified jo Mi = 0.38 PY} (REF B} ted on the same basis as that outlined In CHAPTER 1, Volume flow and smoke temperature values are calovlated both with and without lowance for heat fosses, as discussed in CHAPTER 1. The cooling effect of sprin klers is ignored, Mechanical extraction fs often thee most sult able method ot smoke extraction fram ail 2 STOREY shopping malls and this has be- come generally accepted, however, thers will still ba cases where natural systems are quite acceptable. Developments more 2-storeys high ate treated, tor emoxe vented purposes, in no more than 2-storey blocks 'n both these applications ~ ATRIUM and SHOPPING MALLS quite low smoke tem Peratures are experienced, even when the fire is burning at its maximum rete. More buildings are today being protested by sprinklers, which cool the smoke further and when this is linked with the knowledge that smoke temperatures, during the criticat early stages of a fire vilibe even lower, then we can see why allitudes in the FIRE SERVICE, on this Subject, are changing. Mechenical extraction will become the nonin for fire smoke venting in the very near fulure.Diagram 2 Shopping Malls Fig 2. - Production of smoke in shopping malls, Mm 0.38 PY‘ TABLE 4 - EXTRACTION RATES - SHOPS AND MALLS |HEIoHY oF ier Unven vassrare) ODME TT SMOKE ince are on) (Ko’s) (mors) cy TT tka} 25 a0 ae) Boer Ted go | 120, izes | zerar | 20 35 15.0 | 19:27 184-350 30.0 a | tas | sees. | Atego: || a8 so | ass | 2635 | t213 || 10 6.0 33.5 36-42, 92-166, 67.0 62-69 8.0 515 | 49-87 66-114 || 103.0 92-99 j20 | 950 | asa2 43-70 190.0 169-170 NOTES: TEMPERATURE ABOVE ZERO (9 + 17°C) TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME RATE COLUMNS - FIRST VALUE - MINIMUM - ALLOWS FOR HEAT LOSS (50%) SECOND VALUE - MAXIMUM - BASED ON FULL MINIMUM LAYER HEIGHT - ENTED 2.5 ME 3.0 METRES FOR 68 ING SI TRES FOR 5 MEGAWATT OIE LAYERSmoke Control - Air Inlets ‘tis obviously necessary to ensure ine pro- vision of adequate air inlet into the area ef- fected by fire to provide the replacement air for that which has been removed vie the smoke vents, This replacing air must enter the arca BE- LOW the sinoke layer and at low velecity to avoid disturbirig the smoke layer, Netural ventilation schemes, the areg of alt intet should! bo 12 to 2 times the extract area in any one reservoir. Lower than this could seriously effect the performance of the natural vent: With mechanical extraction inlet size is not so oritcal, providing the fans are selecied to ‘overcome any rosistance to the airflow era- ated by the inlet port. The velocity cif the incoming air should be no more thary 5 nm soe preferably 3 mfser provided in tour diftarent 1) Through doors, any automatic doar ar. arged to fail open 2) Automatic louvres, sidewall or roof mounted and interlocks to open when the fans are enecgises, 3) From adjacent smoke reservoir, vis va vorts. This is permissible on the b that smoke trom a fire will only fil one reservoir al once. Rootinlets should he interlocked NOT to open in a smoke filed reservotr. 4 Using Input Fans with the discnarge duct to low level - under the smoke layer, although this can present very ¢ ficult balancing problems, Generally supply air systems providing the normal ventilation requirements to the area distibule air into the room. at high level Such systems must be arranged to "switc!y off” during a fire ematgency.eee ae ee oleae Ae Seen teas s Ang) ee at Tee | Vaca gi Fan Requirements for Smoke Venting There are two basic methods of praviding for the adequate ventiation ¢f hot’ tire smoke from a building, @) By "NATURAL VENTS" - usually in the foot oF al high level. These are ouoy: aney driven, The “POWERED VENTS" - fang foot mounted oxtract units, usually electrically driven b) Both technical and commercial consider tion will detormine which method is rast Suitable for @ particular building. Tho tinal choice is therefore, one for the systorn de- sign engineor, i Natural or Powered (Advantages and Disadvantages) Some of the Advantages and Disadvan- tages of both natural and powered systems aro listed balow:: Eeiskins. | ii FAN SPECIFICATION The! requirements of @ fan in firs sinoke venting systems can be listed 2s follows. - 1) To extract the hot smoky gases for a Sufficient period of time 16 enable coc Panis to escape from the building THIS 15 PARAMOUNT, 2) To keep the building tree of smioke for tong enough to assist the FINE BRIGA in focating the seat of the fire (wi Usually do this whilst performing req- uirement 1) above. 8) Mpossible, to assist in clearing tho so due smoke trom the building after tiie fire has been extinguished. To provide the noimal veniilation req Ulremonts of the building. To extract the cold smoke during the early ctilical stages of g firs As the fitst of these requirements ie para mount it merits closes examination | Merion ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1) Lightweight {If Aluruiniurn). | 4) Easily affected by wind, | 2) Self reguiating, 2) Require large areas of inlet, 8) Easy to retrofit or reuse. 3) Mary large cpenings on root, NATURAL |4) Opetate at high ton:peratures | 4) ‘Coot emake « problem 5) Units in nen fire zones ean provide | 5) tdetaris eistortion replacement air, | 8) Not acceptable t approving: uthortios | ees a] aes fo Rataaiie 1) Guarantood exhaust fete, 4) Wight ean cause & problern 2) Few smatier openings in root, 2) Electrical supply and wiring, 8) Can handle "Coo!" sinoke. 8) Retroilt nct always possible i 4) Small aroa of inlet required. 4) Expensive it high temperatur POWERED 4 (above 400°C) 8) Can be used with cucting 8) Can be sited away from rlek avo 7) Will provide normal ventilation for | building (2 spec). L pte an te OE EE oN me FOH{CHAPTER 3) - shows that trom m» 5 MEGAWATT fire thp fem peralu/e in the snake wil! only rarely ex: ceed 300°C, Ollen il is much tower We have alroady seen that during'the early Stages of a fire the FIRE SIZE and hence its smoke temperature, will be much \ower, Ni we now add into this the cooling effect on the smoke of any sprinklers, we begin to un- derstand why it has become generally ac- ‘cepted in the U.K. that a fan able to handie 300°C willbe satisfactory for a large propor- tion of applications, Meens of escape from building ara des signed to totally evacuate that building in 2), MINS. ‘Tho attendance time of the FIRE BRIGADE will depend an the category of risk ct the area. RISK A areas demand two appl- ances in § MINS. : Practical tests have shown that even, the ‘most complicated shopping centre can ba evacuated within 20 MINS ~ providing the means of escape are clear. Hence the lito oa fan, whon handling hot fire gases, seed only be 20 MINS, This is the origin of the 300°C FOR ‘4 HOUR specification Within the LONDON FIRE BRIGADE stea there is a Byelaw which enables the BRI- GADE to require ventilation fo assist with the fire fighting. Fan Requirements 8) covers this category. To schieve this, using mechanical veniiia- tion, they demand a fan iife, when handing smoke, of 1 HOUR, : This modifies the basic specitications to 300°C for 1 HOUR in the London area and is the temperature time specification ugad in the London District Surveyors Fire Salaty Guide No 1 - Fire Safety in Section 20 Buildings published June 1990 (Ref G). But, all these specifications are only bench marks. If the smoke temperature oy calras- lation is only 200°C a fan, designed to hen- dle 300°C for /, HOUR, would have allife of 2 fo 9 hours. ‘Alternatively, a fan with a lower spoeitication would (unction satisfac- torily il) STANDARDS ‘ith 6- Pan 2. 1980 now specific quirements of POW ERED srrioke ane heal is standard also describes the my Of test fo be Used lo measure the pac ance of these ventilators, 1o ensure as asis possible by simuiation that tha unit will ‘porate for the termperatures and ihe ti specified, 857346 has been & ince the intial publication of tho papor in June 1909, in. certain other European counties, FRANCE and GERMANY in paslicular “BENCH MARKS" are often related fo lyn of buildings In FRANCE speattication of 200°C for 2 HOURS and 400°C for 2 HOURS are com: mon. Powered ventilat at either of these s; ed to handle up 0 600°C tor 1’ HOURS, although much lower temperatures are specified when the design of the SMOKE VENTING SYSTEM allows A.DIN standard for mechanical smoke ven- litators is riot yet available. DIN 18292 deals with NATURAL VENTILA- TORS. This standard characterises a FULLY DEVELOPED UNVENTILATED FIRE, at the fire stago {allowing FLASHOVER where termperaiistes of 550” are exceadéd. This may de the original ba- sis for the 600°C temperature. However at these temporatures the structure of most buildings will have become unstable. Before a powered ventilator with cation of 600°C for 1% HOURS used on a system, it must be inclepey y tested and certified at the T.U. laboratory in GERMANY. European standards (C.5.N.) atm being pr pared for both NATURAL AND PC SMOKE AND HEAT VENTILATORS. From these facts and considerati evident that to provide for both flexibiliy and 77weonomy, a range of ian equigment is re quired having several TEMPERATURE HIME steps -in agdiuian te the usual aie duty variations, The H.T. Range of “SMOKE TING" equipment has been dey veloped from this briei and is outlined in TABLE at ‘This range has been Subjected to exhaus- tive mechanical and electrical testing and many of thase tests have either been wit- nessed by independent authorities such as. THE LOSS PREVENTION COUNCIL (F.LA.1.0.) or, carried aut in independent laboratories at C.T.1.C,M, in France and TU, in Germany iv FAN SELECTION In selecting and using tans for fire smok venting the following points ancl procedures should be followed: 1) Calculate’ the valume of srioke to be exhausted, the minimum smoke temperature and decida the bast type of system to be employed - mechanical or natural, 2) Seloct trom the category highor than the calculated maximum smoke temperature (€.g. calculate 210°C select 300°C), 8) Fans selectod to handle the fire smoke al the temperature calculated at the height of tho fire, will automatically Temove some of the cooler smoke produced during the early etilical stages of the fire, is fain 12 hs) | Htiso2 =| 299 a lao HT300/0.5 | ee i. , 300 O5 f HT 6001.5 | roDbN | 1 Frirsove | 3 a a a | | Pci HE |[_sunosteo \ ee 4) Fan motos must be-sized tp havo t power 10 allow the fa i huinalecaie 1 formal ambient ternp Smoke venting f testing and this ambient temperature. if no tan motors hava bean derated to the power requ red to handie the nat tice emoke (s 300°0) then the motor wins wit require periodic Equally, the actual smoke tempera will bo lower than the fan temperature failing and the fan will almost certainly be called upon to hancile relatively oc smoke during the oary stages of the fire Reducing the cost of fans by the motors could prove fatal. rating 8) Allfans and rool extract units can road. 6) Electrical supply to smoke vent 7) Bifurcated fans always require a lite | ily be provided with tv The low speed would ¢ ventilation of the bulls levels. must be from an independent pr Source, connedted to the fan by fire re able i.o. PYROTENAX of 0 ucted cable. supply of ambient air to the moto: compartment, For this reason they are best sited away from the potential fire zone. _TABLE 7 - WOODS HY RANGE OF "SMOKESPILL" EQUIPMENT ATecony |TEMPERATURE] TIME FAN TYPES AVALAELE | ROOF EXTRACT UNITS AVAILABLE AEROFOIL BIFURCATED VAROFOIL AEROFOIL BIFURCATED AN Ube i VAROFOIL | AND AEROFOIL | TYPEDVA» | BIFURCATED AND UDA AGROFOIL ea i BIFURCATED |