Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Outline
A. Economically Determined Power and the Social Order
The legal order (and I think Weber would include any legal-rational organizational order) "directly
influences the distribution of power within its respective community."
Power = "chances of realizing own will even against resistance of others"
Social honor power. One can come from the other. Either can be "guaranteed" by legal order. But
these things do not define them.
Marx gave us the idea of a hierarchical class order in society based on how much
Classes, status groups, and parties are all phenomena of power distribution in society
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Weber
relations do for you in the market "the kind of chance in the market is the decisive moment which
represents a common condition for the individuals fate" (164a8).
Owners (who can either exchange or not) in a distinctively different situation from non-owners (who
must exchange to survive).
The point is that the market is what brings out the "sameness" of one person's possessions and
another's; it is only in the market that the property owning gets converted into life chances.
Adds up to point that "class situation is, in this sense, ultimately, market situation" (164a9).
Class situation = how life chances with respect to possession of goods and opportunities for income
are related to position in economic system.
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Weber
E. Status Honor
Status groups ARE normally communities (186.9) though often amorphous. They are communities in
that members actually do look at one another and think "us."
Status groups (Stnde) : status situation every typical component of the life of men that is
determined by a specific, positive or negative, social estimation of honor. There are many things on
which honor can be based. Property and power are possible bases, but not guaranteed. may be that
only families coming under approximately the same tax class dance with one another (166b3).
Status distinctions related to but not same as class distinctions (as when only folks in same tax class
dance with one another (166b3). Property becomes associated with status but not determinative.
Explain the difference Weber discusses between German and American clubs. In the
American club, he says, even the richest boss would treat his clerk as an equal while playing
billiards in a club. The German boss, by contrast, would treat the clerk with status conscious
'benevolence' (166b6). There is a "false" sense of equality in U.S. among gentlemen in their clubs -it would not do to emphasize one's "position" (economic) in such circumstances.
What is the main indicator of status honor? 1) STYLE OF LIFE. 2) restrictions on social
intercourse (166b9);
Brilliant paragraph at 167a2-8. We might compare this to points Simmel will make in his essay on
"Fashion." Equal economic opportunity and real or imagined economic mobility might be expected to
be accompanied by more devotion to style-based inequality.
More than anything else, status honor is about "style of life" -- associated with restrictions on social
intercourse (who dines with whom where, etc.). Endogamy.
Who belongs to "society"? Who gets into the best clubs? Who gets invited to the parties?
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Usually it only goes this far when underlying differences can be associated with a fundamental
"ethnic" difference. By establishing strict rules (e.g., about intermarriage and about occupational
segregation) different groups live side by side (189.6)
How is caste system different from mere ethnic groupings? It has a strict hierarchical ordering, a
vertical social system of super- and subordination (167b6). In ethnic segregation, each group can
assume it's the best. In caste system the ordering is a collective fact. Caste converts horizontal
ethnic segregation into vertical segregation. In horizontal, there is mutual disdain but each group can
consider its honor highest. Vertical includes collective acknowledgement of ordering.
Research : look for examples of horizontal typifications shifting toward the vertical and vice versa.
"sense of dignity" : positively privileged groups have a dignity and sense of their own "beauty" that is
"of this world" while negatively privileged groups require a sense of dignity that lies beyond the here
and now.
Lots of ways to form status groups but in contemporary society there is a strong influence of the
economic/class situation.
Weber locates the essence of religion in social stratification. Explain.
Dignity is individual manifestation of social honor. If group has lots of honor, dignity is reflection of
aself awareness of their excellence. It's a non-transcendent assessment. They are of this world.
On the other hand, groups with negative status honor locate a sense of dignity in a future, another
life, something beyond the here and now. This transcendent belief is a source of religiosity.
G. Status Privileges
Costume, food, carrying arms and other "material monopolies." Material monopolies. Marriage
monopolies. Status closure ==> legal monopolies on jobs and offices. Can be positive (only group A
does thing B) or negative (members of group A are not allowed to do thing B) (168b6).
Status groups are the bearers of conventions (i.e., most conventions are somebody's conventions).
Hints of Bourdieu and such here. Look at clusters of honorific practices associated with positions,
materials, etc.
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...general effect of the status order ... hindrance of the free development of the market...
Honor abhors hard bargaining (169b6). But note how this is a market distortion. As would be
refusing to sell to Xs who are perfectly interested in your product.
With some over-simplification, one might thus say that classes are stratified according to their
relations to the production and acquisition of goods; whereas status groups are stratified according to
the principles of their consumption of goods as represented by styles of life.
Proposition: when the bases of the acquisition and distribution of goods are relatively stable,
stratification by status is favored (170a3).
Proposition: Every technological repercussion and economic transformation threatens stratification
by status and pushes the class situation into the foreground (170a4).
I. Parties
party oriented social action always involves association it is always a rational drive toward a goal.
How do parties vary?
By the stratification of the community they try to influence. In particular, the style of domination.
Contemporary "Applications"
Gusfield on temperance movements.
economi
c order
legal
order
parties
status
order
Definitions
Law = likelihood of orders being upheld by specialized staff of "conformity specialists'
Legal order affects distribution of power
Economic Order = distribution of economic goods and activities
Class situation = (1) people who have in common causal components of their life chances (2) with respect
to economic interests -- possession of goods and opportunities for income -- (3) related to commodity or
labor markets.
Class = number of people sharing class situation
Communal action = "action which is oriented to the feeling of the actors that they belong together"
(183.7)
Societal action = "action which is oriented to a rationally motivated adjustment of interests" (183.8)
Status situation = "every typical component of the life fate of men that is determined by a specific, positive
or negative, social estimation of honor."
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Use the text Class, Status, and Party to make a clear distinction between these
three social structures.
H. Economic Conditions and Effects of Status Stratification
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