Centre Number

Student Number

2009
TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION

Chemistry
Total marks 100

General Instructions

Section I

Reading time 5 minutes

Pages 3-21

75 marks
This section has two parts, Part A and Part B

Working time 3 hours

Part A 15 marks
Attempt Questions 1-15
Allow about 30 minutes for this part

Write using black or blue pen

Draw diagrams using pencil
Board-approved calculators may be
used

Part B 60 marks
Attempt Questions 16-27
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part

Use the Data Sheet and Periodic Table

provided
Use the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet
provided

Section II

Write your Centre Number and Student

Number at the top of this page, page 9,
page 23 and on the Multiple-Choice
Answer Sheet

25 marks
Attempt ONE question from Questions 28-30
Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Pages 23-27

Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or
implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not
constitute advice nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance, use or
purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher
does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

BLANK PAGE

17.2 TRCHEM09B

Section I
75 marks
Part A 15 marks
Attempt Questions 1-15
Allow about 30 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided.

What is the systematic name for the following molecule?

(A)

Chloroethane

(B)

Chloroethene

(C)

Vinyl chloride

(D)

Styrene

Which of the following species is the strongest reductant?

(A)

Iron

(B)

Copper

(C)

Iron (III) ions

(D)

Copper (II) ions

The monomer which reacts to form the polymer, cellulose, is

(A)

ethylene.

(B)

ethanol.

(C)

glucose.

(D)

yeast.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

The nuclear equation below represents the radioactive decay of iodine-131.

131
53

I X +

131
54

Xe

Identify the particle shown as X in the equation.

(A)

A proton

(B)

A neutron

(C)

An alpha particle

(D)

A beta particle

The molar heat of combustion of propan-1-ol is 2015 kJ mol-1.

What mass of propan-1-ol must be combusted to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water
from 20C to 70C?
(A)

6.2 g

(B)

7.7 g

(C)

138 g

(D)

579 g

Which of the following substances would NOT be classified as amphiprotic?

(A)

H2PO4-

(B)

HPO42-

(C)

H3O+

(D)

H2O

When 1 mole of zinc is reacted with 250 mL of 1.0 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid
solution, the volume of hydrogen gas formed, at 25C and 100 kPa, is closest to
(A)

24.8 L.

(B)

12.4 L.

(C)

6.2 L.

(D)

3.1 L.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

An unknown chemical was extracted from a soil sample and tested to determine its acidbase properties by using indicators. The results were:
Indicator
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange

Colour
Colourless
Yellow

How should the chemical from the soil sample be classified?

10

(A)

Slightly alkaline

(B)

Neutral

(C)

Slightly acidic

(D)

Slightly alkaline, neutral or slightly acidic

An acidic, pollutant gas formed during high temperature combustion in air is

(A)

nitrogen monoxide.

(B)

nitrogen dioxide.

(C)

carbon monoxide.

(D)

ammonia.

According to the Lowry-Brnsted theory, an acid is a substance which

(A)

contains oxygen atoms.

(B)

turns blue litmus red.

(C)

is neutralised by a base.

(D)

is capable of donating a proton.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

11

12

Which of the following species does NOT contain a co-ordinate covalent bond?
(A)

O3

(B)

H3O+

(C)

NH3

(D)

NH4+

A student was given a pure sample of an unknown salt and asked to determine the cation
and anion present. She carried out the following reactions.
Method

Result

Test 1

Dilute nitric acid was added to a

portion of the sample.

Bubbles of gas were observed. The

solid sample dissolved, forming a
solution. No precipitate formed.

Test 2

Dilute hydrochloric acid was added

to another portion of the sample.

Bubbles of gas were observed. The

solid sample dissolved, forming a
solution. No precipitate formed.

Test 3

Dilute sulfuric acid was added to

another portion of the sample.

Bubbles of gas were observed. The

solid sample dissolved, forming a
solution. No precipitate formed.

Test 4

Excess sodium hydroxide solution

was added to the solution resulting
from Test 1.

A blue precipitate formed.

The students results were consistent with the unknown salt being

13

(A)

iron (II) carbonate.

(B)

copper (II) carbonate.

(C)

iron (II) nitrate.

(D)

copper (II) nitrate.

The onset of eutrophication of a river system can be predicted by high levels of

(A)

dead and decaying plants and animals.

(B)

BOD readings.

(C)

nutrients, especially phosphate and nitrate ions.

(D)

turbidity.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

14

A 4.90 g sample of lawn fertiliser was analysed for its sulfate content, by addition of
excess acidified barium nitrate solution. After filtration and drying, the barium sulfate
precipitate was found to have a mass of 4.36 g.
What is the % w/w of sulfate in the lawn fertiliser?

15

(A)

17

(B)

37

(C)

46

(D)

89

Modern refrigerators no longer contain CFCs. A suitable non-CFC refrigerant which

does not cause ANY destruction of ozone in the stratosphere is
(A)

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.

(B)

1-chloro-1-fluoroethane.

(C)

trichlorofluoromethane.

(D)

1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane.

End of Section I Part A

17.2 TRCHEM09B

BLANK PAGE

17.2 TRCHEM09B

2009 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Centre Number

Chemistry
Section I (continued)
Student Number
Part B 60 marks
Attempt Questions 16-27
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
Marks
Question 16 (10 marks)
Ethanol can be used as a fuel and is a useful industrial material.
(a)

Using a suitable equation, explain why ethanol can be regarded as a fuel.

..
..
..
(b)

Ethanol can be derived from crude oil. Draw a flow chart to represent a sequence
of industrial processes and/or chemical reactions which are used to convert crude
oil into ethanol.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

Question 16 (continued)
(c)

Marks

The table shows properties of octane and ethanol.

Fuel

Octane
Ethanol

Source

Boiling Point
(oC)

Crude oil
Crude oil and fermentation

126
78

Heat of
combustion
(kJ g-1)
48
30

Assess the potentials of crude oil and ethanol as sources of energy for future
generations. Include references to the data in the table.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.2 TRCHEM09B

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Question 17 (5 marks)

Marks

A student was provided with the following chemicals to perform first-hand

investigations:
Metals: magnesium, iron, copper and silver.
Solutions (all at a concentration of 1 mol L-1): magnesium nitrate, iron (II)
nitrate, copper (II) nitrate, silver nitrate and potassium nitrate.
(a)

The student was asked to choose the metal electrodes and electrolytes to set up
a galvanic cell which would deliver a voltage of 1.92 V at standard conditions.

Use the table of standard potentials to justify his choice of metal electrodes and
electrolytes and write half-equations for the half-cell reactions.
.
.
.
.
.

(b)

In another experiment using the same chemicals, a student was instructed to

place strips of the metals, magnesium and silver, in a beaker containing copper
(II) nitrate solution. The student was told to ensure that the metals did not touch
each other. The student observed the beaker and contents over a period of 30
minutes.
Describe THREE observations the student would have made as reaction
proceeded and write a balanced equation or balanced equations to explain these
observations.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

11

Question 18 (5 marks)
(a)

Marks

Identify an example of a transuranic element.

(b)

Outline TWO different methods for production of transuranic elements.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

(c)

Write a nuclear equation for the production of a transuranic element.

.
.

(d)

Explain why the nuclei of transuranic elements are unstable.

.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

12

Question 19 (5 marks)
(a)

Marks

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is classified as a diprotic acid.

Explain why sulfuric acid is diprotic, using an equation or equations in your
response.

(b)

A sulfuric acid solution of concentration 0.00457 mol L-1 was prepared and its pH
tested with a pH probe.
(i)

Calculate the pH of this solution, assuming 100% ionisation of the acid.

(ii)

Outline the procedure for measuring pH using a pH probe.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

13

Question 20 (3 marks)

Marks

An acid-base reaction occurs between the salt, sodium citrate, and water.
(a)

Identify the acid and base which react to form the salt, sodium citrate.

(b)

Would you expect a solution of sodium citrate to be acidic, neutral or alkaline?

Explain your answer.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

14

Question 21 (5 marks)

Marks

A student prepared the ester, 1-propyl butanoate, by refluxing the appropriate reactants
for an hour.
(a)

Identify the chemicals used in carrying out the preparation of the ester.

(b)

Draw an expanded structural formula for the ester.

(c)

Justify the use of reflux apparatus for preparation of esters in the school
laboratory.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

15

Question 22 (3 marks)

Marks

A standard solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was prepared by dissolving 5.46 g of

the solid in water and making the volume up to 500.0 mL in a volumetric flask.
(a)

Determine the concentration of the standard solution in mol L-1.

.
.
.
.

(b)

Explain why sodium carbonate can be used to make a primary standard solution
whereas sodium hydroxide is NOT appropriate for use as a primary standard.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

16

Question 23 (4 marks)

Marks

In a closed container, such as a soft drink bottle, carbon dioxide exists in equilibrium,
according to the equation:
CO2 (g)

CO2 (aq)

Use Le Chateliers Principle and the above equation to explain the observations when a
sealed bottle of soft drink is taken from a refrigerator, opened and then left to stand on
the laboratory bench for several minutes.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

17

Question 24 (6 marks)

Marks

Scientists use atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for many different analyses.
(a)

http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/Instrumentation/AAS1.html

Use the diagram above to explain how AAS is used to identify the presence of
lead ions in a test solution.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(b)

Identify one limitation and one benefit of the use of AAS over other analytical
methods.
.
.
.
.
.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

18

Question 25 (6 marks)

Marks

Analyse the factors which determine the optimum conditions for the production of
ammonia by the Haber process.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

19

Question 26 (5 marks)
(a)

Marks

Explain the role of CFCs in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. Include
appropriate equations in your response.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

(b)

Explain why the concentration of ozone in the troposphere is usually greater in

cities than in rural or wilderness areas.

.
.
.
.

(c)

Outline one problem associated with the presence of high concentrations of ozone
in the troposphere.
.
.
.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

20

Question 27 (3 marks)

Marks

The diagram shows 4 sites where samples of water were taken from a river and tested.

The results were tabulated.

Sample
DO (ppm)
TDS (ppm)
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Coliform bacteria (CFU/100 mL)
(a)

B
8.8
45
5
6.5
0

C
1.0
250
50
7.3
18

D
7.0
7800
15
7.8
8

Match these samples with their most likely sources, by inserting the appropriate
letter (A, B, C or D) in the table below.
Sample (A, B, C or D)

(b)

A
5.6
200
15
3.5
0

Source of water sample being tested

Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4

Explain your reasoning in matching the samples B and C with the sites of
sampling.
.
.
.
.
.
End of Section I Part B

17.2 TRCHEM09B

21

BLANK PAGE

17.2 TRCHEM09B

22

Centre Number

Student Number
2009 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Chemistry
Section II

25 marks
Attempt ONE question from Questions 28-30
Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Page
Question 28

Industrial Chemistry .... 24-25

Question 29

Shipwrecks, Corrosion and Conservation . 26

Question 30

Forensic Chemistry .... 27

17.2 TRCHEM09B

23

Question 28 Industrial Chemistry (25 marks)

(a)

(b)

Marks

(i)

The method of extraction of sulfur by the Frasch process is only

possible because of the physical properties of the element sulfur.
Assess this statement.

(ii)

Identify TWO possible environmental issues associated with the

extraction of sulfur by the Frasch process.

Gaseous hydrogen bromide partially decomposes to form hydrogen and

bromine according to the equation:
2HBr (g)

H2 (g) + Br2 (g)

At 450K, the equilibrium constant for the decomposition reaction is 0.0575.

Some hydrogen bromide gas was placed in an evacuated 3.00 L vessel and
heated to 450K. When the system had reached equilibrium, the equilibrium
concentration of hydrogen was found to be 9.50 x 10-4 mol L-1.

(c)

(i)

Write the equilibrium constant expression for the decomposition

reaction.

(ii)

Calculate the concentration of gaseous bromine in the equilibrium

mixture at 450K.

(iii)

Calculate the concentration of gaseous hydrogen bromide in the

equilibrium mixture at 450K.

(iv)

Explain the effect on this equilibrium of addition of a suitable catalyst

to the reaction vessel.

(i)

Using appropriate half-equations, explain why the reaction products of

electrolysis of molten sodium chloride differ from the products of
electrolysis of concentrated brine solution.

(ii)

The use of a membrane cell in the industrial production of sodium

hydroxide is preferable to earlier electrolytic methods.
Assess this statement.

17.2 TRCHEM09B

24

Question 28 Industrial Chemistry (continued)

Marks

(d)

Draw a table to compare the structures and uses of soap and anionic synthetic
detergents.

(e)

Write an appropriate equation and describe what you observed for a reaction
carried out in the laboratory to show sulfuric acid acting as:
.
(i)
a dehydrating agent

(ii)

(f)

an oxidising agent

The diagram below represents the Solvay process.

Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction.

End of Question 28

17.2 TRCHEM09B

25

Question 29 Shipwrecks, Corrosion and Conservation (25 marks)

Marks

(a)

Describe the significance of the work of Galvani in the development of our

understanding of electron transfer reactions.

(b)

(i)

The table of standard potentials can be used to predict the ability of

metals to protect other metals from corrosion.
Assess this statement in relation to the protection of iron objects.

(ii)

Using an appropriate equation, explain why iron objects which have

been painted or oiled have limited protection from corrosion.

(iii)

Soft steel and stainless steel differ greatly in their resistance to

corrosion.

Identify the main constituents of these steels and relate the differences
in composition to their properties.

(c)

A 1.0 mol L-1 solution of copper (II) nitrate was electrolysed using inert
graphite electrodes.
(i)

Draw a labelled diagram to represent this cell.

(ii)

Describe what you would observe at each electrode as electrolysis

occurred and write half-equations for these electrode reactions.

(d)

Shipwrecks, which lie at great depth, might not be expected to corrode.

Justify this statement.

(e)

Electrolysis is important in the restoration of artefacts.

Use an appropriate example from an Australian maritime restoration project
to explain how electrolysis can be used to restore a corroded metal artefact.

End of Question 29

17.2 TRCHEM09B

26

Question 30 Forensic Chemistry (25 marks)

(a)

(b)

Marks

(i)

Draw a general formula to represent an amino acid.

(ii)

Use the structure you have drawn in part (i) above to explain how
different amino acids differ in structure.

(iii) Explain how electrophoresis can be used to separate and identify amino
acids in a solution formed by hydrolysis of a protein.

You performed a first-hand investigation to distinguish between alkenes,

alkanols and alkanoic acids.
(i)

Identify the alkene, alkanol and the alkanoic acid you used in the
investigation.

(ii)

Outline the procedure you used to distinguish these compounds.

(iii)

Write equations for the chemical reactions you used to distinguish the
THREE classes of compounds and explain the observations you made.

(c)

Identify TWO instrumental forensic techniques which overcome the problems

associated with destructive testing of materials. Discuss the use of ONE of the
TWO instrumental techniques you have identified.

(d)

(i)

Explain the structural difference between reducing and non-reducing

sugars. Include a general formula for a reducing sugar in your response.

(ii)

Identify ONE example of a reducing sugar and ONE example of a nonreducing sugar.

(iii)

Outline BOTH the method used to distinguish reducing and non-reducing

sugars and the results obtained.

(e)

Assess the use of DNA analysis in the identification of individuals in forensic

investigations.

End of Paper
17.2 TRCHEM09B

27

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17.2 TRCHEM09B

28

Centre Number

Student Number

CHEMISTRY MULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
Sample
2 + 4 = (A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 9
A
B
C
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the
new answer.
A
B
C
D
If you have changed your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer,
then indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows:
correct

ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS

Question

17.2 TRCHEM09B

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13

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15

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17.2 TRCHEM09B

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17.2 TRCHEM09B

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17.2 TRCHEM09B

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