BUILDINGCODEREQUIREMENTSFORSTRUCTURALCONCRETE(ACI31814)

TableofContents

4.11Fireresistance
Chapter1General
4.12Requirementsforspecifictypesof
1.1ScopeofACI318
construction
1.2General
4.12.1Precastconcretesystems
1.3Purpose
4.12.2Prestressedconcretesystems
1.4Applicability
4.12.3Compositeconcreteflexural
1.5Interpretation
members
1.6Buildingofficial
4.12.4Compositesteelandconcrete
1.7Licenseddesignprofessional
construction
1.8Constructiondocumentsanddesign
4.13Constructionandinspection
records
4.14Strengthevaluationofexisting
1.9Testingandinspection
1.10Approvalofspecialsystemsofdesign,
structures
construction,oralternativeconstruction

materials
Chapter5Loads

5.1Scope
Chapter2NotationandTerminology
5.2General
5.3Loadfactorsandcombinations
2.1Scope

2.2Notation
Chapter6StructuralAnalysis
2.3Terminology
6.1Scope

6.2General
Chapter3ReferencedStandards
6.3Modelingassumptions
3.1Scope
6.3.1General
3.2Referencedstandards
6.3.2Tbeamgeometry
3.2.1AmericanAssociationofState
6.4Arrangementofliveload
HighwayandTransportationOfficials
6.5Simplifiedmethodofanalysisfor
(AASHTO)
nonprestressedcontinuousbeamsandone
3.2.2AmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI)
wayslabs
3.2.3AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers
6.6Firstorderanalysis
(ASCE)/StructuralEngineeringInstitute
6.6.1General
(SEI)
6.6.2Modelingofmembersand
3.2.4ASTMInternational
structuralsystems
3.2.5AmericanWeldingSociety(AWS)
6.6.3Sectionproperties

6.6.3.1Factoredloadanalysis
Chapter4StructuralSystemRequirements
4.1Scope
6.6.3.2Serviceloadanalysis
4.2Materials
6.6.4Slendernesseffects,moment
4.3Designloads
magnificationmethod
4.4Structuralsystemsandloadpaths
6.6.4.4Stabilityproperties
6.6.4.5Momentmagnification
4.4.6Seismicforceresistingsystem
method:nonswayframes
4.4.7Diaphragms
6.6.4.6Momentmagnification
4.5Structuralanalysis
method:swayframes
4.6Strength
6.6.5Redistributionofmomentsin
4.7Serviceability
continuousflexuralmembers
4.8Durability
6.7Elasticsecondorderanalysis
4.9Sustainability
6.7.1General
4.10Structuralintegrity
6.7.2Sectionproperties
4.10.1General
6.8Inelasticsecondorderanalysis
4.10.2Minimumrequirementsfor
6.8.1General
structuralintegrity
6.9Acceptabilityoffiniteelementanalysis


Chapter7OneWaySlabs
7.1Scope
7.2General
7.2.2Materials
7.2.3Connectiontoothermembers
7.3Designlimits
7.3.1Minimumslabthickness
7.3.2Calculateddeflectionlimits
7.3.3Reinforcementstrainlimitin
nonprestressedslabs
7.3.4Stresslimitsinprestressedslabs
7.4Requiredstrength
7.4.1General
7.4.2Factoredmoment
7.4.3Factoredshear
7.5Designstrength
7.5.1General
7.5.2Moment
7.5.3Shear
7.6Reinforcementlimits
7.6.1Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedslabs
7.6.2Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
inprestressedslabs
7.6.3Minimumshearreinforcement
7.6.4Minimumshrinkageand
temperaturereinforcement
7.7Reinforcementdetailing
7.7.1General
7.7.2Reinforcementspacing
7.7.3Flexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedslabs
7.7.3.8Terminationofreinforcement
7.7.4Flexuralreinforcementin
prestressedslabs
7.7.4.3Terminationofprestressed
reinforcement
7.7.4.4Terminationofdeformed
reinforcementinslabswithunbonded
tendons
7.7.5Shearreinforcement
7.7.6Shrinkageandtemperature
reinforcement
7.7.6.2Nonprestressed
reinforcement
7.7.6.3Prestressedreinforcement

Chapter8TwoWaySlabs
8.1Scope
8.2General
8.2.6Materials
8.2.7Connectionstoothermembers
8.3Designlimits

8.3.1Minimumslabthickness
8.3.2Calculateddeflectionlimits
8.3.3Reinforcementstrainlimitin
nonprestressedslabs
8.3.4Stresslimitsinprestressedslabs
8.4Requiredstrength
8.4.1General
8.4.2Factoredmoment
8.4.2.3Factoredslabmoment
resistedbythecolumn
8.4.3Factoredonewayshear
8.4.4Factoredtwowayshear
8.4.4.1Criticalsection
8.4.4.2Factoredtwowayshear
stressduetoshearandfactoredslab
momentresistedbythecolumn
8.5Designstrength
8.5.1General
8.5.2Moment
8.5.3Shear
8.5.4Openingsinslabsystems
8.6Reinforcementlimits
8.6.1Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedslabs
8.6.2Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
prestressedslabs
8.7Reinforcementdetailing
8.7.1General
8.7.2Flexuralreinforcementspacing
8.7.3Cornerrestraintinslabs
8.7.4Flexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedslabs
8.7.4.1Terminationofreinforcement
8.7.4.2Structuralintegrity
8.7.5Flexuralreinforcementin
prestressedslabs
8.7.5.4Terminationofprestressed
reinforcement
8.7.5.5Terminationofdeformed
reinforcementinslabswithunbonded
tendons
8.7.5.6Structuralintegrity
8.7.6Shearreinforcementstirrups
8.7.7Shearreinforcementheaded
studs
8.8Nonprestressedtwowayjoistsystems
8.8.1General
8.8.2Joistsystemswithstructuralfillers
8.8.3Joistsystemswithotherfillers
8.9Liftslabconstruction
8.10Directdesignmethod
8.10.1General
8.10.2Limitationforuseofdirectdesign
method

8.10.3Totalfactoredstaticmomentfora
span
8.10.4Distributionoftotalfactoredstatic
moment
8.10.5Factoredmomentsincolumn
strips

8.10.5.7Factoredmomentsin
beams
8.10.6Factoredmomentsinmiddlestrips
8.10.7Factoredmomentsincolumnsand
walls
8.10.8Factoredshearinslabsystems
withbeams
8.11Equivalentframemethod
8.11.1General
8.11.2Equivalentframes
8.11.3Slabbeams
8.11.4Columns
8.11.5Torsionalmembers
8.11.6Factoredmoments

Chapter9Beams
9.1Scope
9.2General
9.2.1Materials
9.2.2Connectiontoothermembers
9.2.3Stability
9.2.4TBeamconstruction
9.3Designlimits
9.3.1Minimumbeamdepth
9.3.2Calculateddeflectionlimits
9.3.3Reinforcementstrainlimitin
nonprestressedbeams
9.3.4Stresslimitsinprestressedbeams
9.4Requiredstrength
9.4.1General
9.4.2Factoredmoment
9.4.3Factoredshear
9.4.4Factoredtorsion
9.5Designstrength
9.5.1General
9.5.2Moment
9.5.3Shear
9.5.4Torsion
9.6Reinforcementlevels
9.6.1Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedbeams
9.6.2Minimumflexuralreinforcementin
prestressedbeams
9.6.3Minimumshearreinforcement
9.6.4Minimumtorsionalreinforcement
9.7Reinforcementdetailing
9.7.1General
9.7.2Reinforcementspacing

9.7.3Flexuralreinforcementin
nonprestressedbeams
9.7.3.8Terminationofreinforcement
9.7.4Flexuralreinforcementin
prestressedbeams
9.7.4.3Terminationofprestressed
reinforcement
9.7.4.4Terminationofdeformed
reinforcementinbeamswith
unbondedtendons
9.7.5Longitudinaltorsionreinforcement
9.7.6Transversereinforcement
9.7.6.1General
9.7.6.2Shear
9.7.6.3Torsion
9.7.6.4Lateralsupportof
compressionreinforcement
9.7.7Structuralintegrityreinforcement
incastinplacebeams
9.8Nonprestressedonewayjoistsystems
9.8.1General
9.8.2Joistsystemswithstructuralfillers
9.8.3Joistsystemswithotherfillers
9.9Deepbeams
9.9.1General
9.9.2Dimensionallimits
9.9.3Reinforcementlimits
9.9.4Reinforcementdetailing

Chapter10Columns
10.1Scope
10.2General
10.2.1Materials
10.2.2Compositecolumns
10.2.3Connectiontoothermembers
10.3Designlimits
10.3.1Dimensionallimits
10.4Requiredstrength
10.4.1General
10.4.2Factoredaxialforceandmoment
10.5Designstrength
10.5.1General
10.5.2Axialforceandmoment
10.5.3Shear
10.5.4Torsion
10.6ReinforcementLimits
10.6.1Minimumandmaximum
longitudinalreinforcement
10.6.2Minimumshearreinforcement
10.7Reinforcementdetailing
10.7.1General
10.7.2Reinforcementspacing
10.7.3Longitudinalreinforcement
10.7.4Offsetbentlongitudinal

reinforcement
10.7.5Splicesoflongitudinal
reinforcement
10.7.5.1General
10.7.5.2Lapsplices
10.7.5.3Endbearingsplices
10.7.6Transversereinforcement
10.7.6.1General
10.7.6.2Lateralsupportof
longitudinalbarsusingtiesorhoops
10.7.6.3Lateralsupportof
longitudinalbarsusingspirals
10.7.6.4Lateralsupportofoffset
bentlongitudinalbars
10.7.6.5Shear

Chapter11Walls
11.1Scope
11.2General
11.2.1Materials
11.2.2Connectionstoothermembers
11.2.3Loaddistribution
11.2.4Intersectingelements
11.3Designlimits
11.3.1Minimumwallthickness
11.4Requiredstrength
11.4.1General
11.4.2Factoredaxialforceandmoment
11.4.3Factoredshear
11.5Designstrength
11.5.1General
11.5.2Axialloadandinplaneoroutof
planeflexure
11.5.3Axialloadandoutofplane
flexuresimplifieddesignmethod
11.5.4Inplaneshear
11.5.5Outofplaneshear
11.6Reinforcementlimits
11.7Reinforcementdetailing
11.7.1General
11.7.2Spacingoflongitudinal
reinforcement
11.7.3Spacingoftransverse
reinforcement
11.7.4Lateralsupportoflongitudinal
reinforcement
11.7.5Reinforcementaroundopenings
11.8Alternativemethodforoutofplane
slenderwallanalysis
11.8.1General
11.8.2Modeling
11.8.3Factoredmoment
11.8.4Outofplanedeflectionservice
loads

Chapter12Diaphragms
12.1Scope
12.2General
12.2.2Materials
12.3Designlimits
12.3.1Minimumdiaphragmthickness
12.4Requiredstrength
12.4.1General
12.4.2Diaphragmmodelingandanalysis
12.5Designstrength
12.5.1General
12.5.2Momentandaxialforce
12.5.3Shear
12.5.4Collectors
12.6Reinforcementlimits
12.7Reinforcementdetailing
12.7.1General
12.7.2Reinforcementspacing
12.7.3Diaphragmandcollector
reinforcement

Chapter13Foundations
13.1Scope
13.2General
13.2.1Materials
13.2.2Connectiontoothermembers
13.2.3Earthquakeeffects
13.2.4Slabsonground
13.2.5Plainconcrete
13.2.6Designcriteria
13.2.7Criticalsectionsforshallow
foundationsandpilecaps
13.2.8Developmentofreinforcementin
shallowfoundationsandpilecaps
13.3ShallowFoundations
13.3.1General
13.3.2Onewayshallowfoundations
13.3.3Twowayisolatedfootings
13.3.4Twowaycombinedfootingsand
matfoundations
13.4DeepFoundations
13.4.1General
13.4.2Pilecaps
13.4.3Deepfoundationmembers

Chapter14PlainConcrete
14.1Scope
14.2General
14.2.1Materials
14.2.2Connectionstoothermembers
14.2.3Precast
14.3DesignLimits
14.3.1Bearingwalls

14.3.2Footings
14.3.3Pedestals
14.3.4Contractionandisolationjoints
14.4RequiredStrength
14.4.1General
14.4.2Walls
14.4.3Footings
14.4.3.1General
14.4.3.2Factoredmoment
14.4.3.3Factoredonewayshear
14.4.3.4Factoredtwowayshear
14.5DesignStrength
14.5.1General
14.5.2Flexure
14.5.3Axialcompression
14.5.4Flexureandaxialcompression
14.5.5Shear
14.5.6Bearing
14.6ReinforcementDetailing

Chapter15BeamColumnandSlabColumn
Joints
15.1Scope
15.2General
15.3Transferofcolumnaxialforcethrough
thefloorsystem
15.4Detailingofjoints

Chapter16ConnectionsBetweenMembers
16.1Scope
16.2Connectionsofprecastmembers
16.2.1General
16.2.2Requiredstrength
16.2.3Designstrength
16.2.4Minimumconnectionstrengthand
integritytierequirements
16.2.5Integritytierequirementsfor
precastconcretebearingwallstructures
threestoriesormoreinheight
16.2.6Minimumdimensionsatbearing
connections
16.3Connectionstofoundations
16.3.1General
16.3.2Requiredstrength
16.3.3Designstrength
16.3.4Minimumreinforcementfor
connectionsbetweencastinplace
membersandfoundation
16.3.5Detailsforconnectionsbetween
castinplacemembersandfoundation
16.3.6Detailsforconnectionsbetween
precastmembersandfoundation
16.4Horizontalsheartransferincomposite
concreteflexuralmembers

16.4.1General
16.4.2Requiredstrength
16.4.3Designstrength
16.4.4Nominalhorizontalshearstrength
16.4.5Alternativemethodforcalculating
designhorizontalshearstrength
16.4.6Minimumreinforcementfor
horizontalsheartransfer
16.4.7Reinforcementdetailingfor
horizontalsheartransfer
16.5Bracketsandcorbels
16.5.1General
16.5.2Dimensionallimits
16.5.3Requiredstrength
16.5.4Designstrength
16.5.5Reinforcementlimits
16.5.6Reinforcementdetailing

Chapter17AnchoringtoConcrete
17.1Scope
17.2General
17.2.3Seismicdesign
17.2.3.4Requirementsfortensile
loading
17.2.3.5Requirementsforshear
loading
17.3Generalrequirementsforstrengthof
anchors
17.4Designrequirementsfortensileloading
17.4.1Steelstrengthofanchorintension
17.4.2Concretebreakoutstrengthof
anchorintension
17.4.3Pulloutstrengthofcastin,post
installedexpansionandundercutanchors
intension
17.4.4Concretesidefaceblowout
strengthofaheadedanchorintension
17.4.5Bondstrengthofadhesiveanchor
intension
17.5Designrequirementsforshearloading
17.5.1Steelstrengthofanchorinshear
17.5.2Concretebreakoutstrengthof
anchorinshear
17.5.3Concretepryoutstrengthof
anchorinshear
17.6Interactionoftensileandshearforces
17.7Requirededgedistances,spacings,and
thicknessestoprecludesplittingfailure
17.8Installationandinspectionofanchors

Chapter18EarthquakeResistantStructures
18.1Scope
18.2General
18.2.1Structuralsystems

18.2.2Analysisandproportioningof
structuralmembers
18.2.3Anchoringtoconcrete
18.2.4Strengthreductionfactors
18.2.5Concreteinspecialmoment
framesandspecialstructuralwalls
18.2.6Reinforcementinspecialmoment
framesandspecialstructuralwalls
18.2.7Mechanicalsplicesinspecial
momentframesandspecialstructural
walls
18.2.8Weldedsplicesinspecialmoment
framesandspecialstructuralwalls
18.3Ordinarymomentframes
18.3.1Scope
18.4Intermediatemomentframes
18.4.1Scope
18.4.2Beams
18.4.3Columns
18.4.4Joints
18.4.5Twowayslabswithoutbeams
18.5Intermediateprecaststructuralwalls
18.5.1Scope
18.5.2General
18.6Beamsofspecialmomentframes
18.6.1Scope
18.6.2DimensionalLimits
18.6.3Longitudinalreinforcement
18.6.4Transversereinforcement
18.6.5Shearstrength
18.7Columnsofspecialmomentframes
18.7.1Scope
18.7.2Dimensionallimits
18.7.3Minimumflexuralstrengthof
columns
18.7.4Longitudinalreinforcement
18.7.5Transversereinforcement
18.7.6Shearstrength

18.7.6.1Designforces

18.7.6.2Transversereinforcement
18.8Jointsofspecialmomentframes
18.8.1Scope
18.8.2General
18.8.3Transversereinforcement
18.8.4Shearstrength
18.8.5Developmentlengthofbarsin
tension
18.9Specialmomentframesconstructed
usingprecastconcrete
18.9.1Scope
18.9.2General
18.10Specialstructuralwalls
18.10.1Scope
18.10.2Reinforcement

18.10.3Designforces
18.10.4Shearstrength
18.10.5Designforflexureandaxialforce
18.10.6Boundaryelementsofspecial
structuralwalls
18.10.7Couplingbeams
18.10.8Wallpiers
18.10.9Constructionjoints
18.10.10Discontinuouswalls
18.11Specialstructuralwallsconstructed
usingprecastconcrete
18.11.1Scope
18.11.2General
18.12Diaphragmsandtrusses
18.12.1Scope
18.12.2Designforces
18.12.3Seismicloadpath
18.12.4Castinplacecompositetopping
slabdiaphragms
18.12.5Castinplacenoncomposite
toppingslabdiaphragms
18.12.6Minimumthicknessof
diaphragms
18.12.7Reinforcement
18.12.8Flexuralstrength
18.12.9Shearstrength
18.12.10Constructionjoints
18.12.11Structuraltrusses
18.13Foundations
18.13.1Scope
18.13.2Footings,foundationmats,and
pilecaps
18.13.3Gradebeamsandslabson
ground
18.13.4Piles,piers,andcaissons
18.14Membersnotdesignatedaspartofthe
seismicforceresistingsystem
18.14.1Scope
18.14.2Designactions
18.14.3Castinplacebeams,columns,and
joints
18.14.4Precastbeamsandcolumns
18.14.5Slabcolumnconnections
18.14.6Wallpiers

Chapter19Concrete:DesignandDurability
Requirements
19.1Scope
19.2Concretedesignproperties
19.2.1Specifiedcompressivestrength
19.2.2Modulusofelasticity
19.2.3Modulusofrupture
19.2.4Lightweightconcrete
19.3Concretedurabilityrequirements

19.3.1Exposurecategoriesandclasses
19.3.2Requirementsforconcrete
mixtures
19.3.3Additionalrequirementsfor
freezingandthawingexposure
19.3.4Alternativecombinationsof
cementitiousmaterialsforsulfate
exposure

Chapter20SteelReinforcementProperties,
Durability,andEmbedments
20.1Scope
20.2Nonprestressedbarsandwires
20.2.1Materialproperties
20.2.2Designproperties
20.3Prestressingstrands,wires,andbars
20.3.1Materialproperties
20.3.2Designproperties
20.3.2.3Stressinbondedprestressed
reinforcementatnominalflexural
strength,fps
20.3.2.4Stressinunbonded
prestressedreinforcementatnominal
flexuralstrength, fps
20.3.2.5Permissibletensilestresses
inprestressedreinforcement
20.3.2.6Prestresslosses
20.4Structuralsteel,pipe,andtubingfor
compositecolumns
20.4.1Materialproperties
20.4.2Designproperties
20.5Headedshearstudreinforcement
20.6Embedments
20.6.1Specifiedconcretecover
20.6.1.3Specifiedconcretecover
requirements
20.6.1.4Specifiedconcretecover
requirementsforcorrosive
environments
20.6.2Nonprestressedcoated
reinforcement
20.6.3Corrosionprotectionfor
unbondedprestressingreinforcement
20.7.4Corrosionprotectionforgrouted
tendons
20.7.5Corrosionprotectionforpost
tensioninganchorages,couplers,andend
fittings
20.7.6Corrosionprotectionforexternal
posttensioning
20.7Embedments

Chapter21StrengthReductionFactors
21.1Scope

21.2Strengthreductionfactorsforstructural
concretemembersandconnections

Chapter22SectionalStrength
22.1Scope
22.2Designassumptionsformomentand
axialstrength
22.2.1Equilibriumandstrain
compatibility
22.2.2Designassumptionsforconcrete
22.2.3Designassumptionsfor
nonprestressedreinforcement
22.2.4Designassumptionsfor
prestressingreinforcement
22.3Flexuralstrength
22.3.1General
22.3.2Prestressedconcretemembers
22.3.3Compositeconcretemembers
22.4Axialstrengthorcombinedflexuraland
axialstrength
22.4.1General
22.4.2Maximumaxialstrength
22.4.3Maximumaxialtensilestrength
22.5Onewayshearstrength
22.5.1General
22.5.2Geometricassumptions
22.5.3Limitingmaterialstrengths
22.5.4Compositeconcretemembers
22.5.5Vcfornonprestressedmembers
withoutaxialforce
22.5.6Vcfornonprestressedmembers
withaxialcompression
22.5.7Vcfornonprestressedmembers
withsignificantaxialtension
22.5.8Vcforprestressedmembers
22.5.9Vcforpretensionedmembersin
regionsofreducedprestressforce
22.5.10Onewayshearreinforcement
22.6Twowayshearstrength
22.6.1General
22.6.2Effectivedepth
22.6.3Limitingmaterialstrengths
22.6.4Criticalsectionsfortwoway
members
22.6.5Twowayshearstrengthprovided
byconcrete
22.6.6Maximumshearfortwoway
memberswithshearreinforcement
22.6.7Twowayshearstrengthprovided
bysingleormultiplelegstirrups
22.6.8Twowayshearstrengthprovided
byheadedshearstudreinforcement
22.6.9Designprovisionsfortwoway
memberswithshearheads

22.7Torsionalstrength
22.7.1General
22.7.2Limitingmaterialstrengths
22.7.3Factoreddesigntorsion
22.7.4Thresholdtorsion
22.7.5Crackingtorsion
22.7.6Torsionalstrength
22.7.7Crosssectionallimits
22.8Bearing
22.8.1General
22.8.2Requiredstrength
22.8.3Designstrength
22.9Shearfriction
22.9.1General
22.9.2Requiredstrength
22.9.3Designstrength
22.9.4Nominalshearstrength
22.9.5Detailingforshearfriction
reinforcement

Chapter23StrutandTieModels
23.1Scope
23.2General
23.3Designstrength
23.4Strengthofstruts
23.5Reinforcementcrossingbottleshaped
struts
23.6Strutreinforcementdetailing
23.7Strengthofties
23.8Tiereinforcementdetailing
23.9Strengthofnodalzones

Chapter24ServiceabilityRequirements
24.1Scope
24.2Deflectionsduetoservicelevelgravity
loads
24.2.3Calculationofimmediate
deflections
24.2.4Calculationoftimedependent
deflections
24.2.4.1Nonprestressedmembers
24.2.4.2Prestressedmembers
24.2.5Calculationofdeflectionsof
compositeconcreteconstruction
24.3Distributionofflexuralreinforcementin
onewayslabsandbeams
24.4Shrinkageandtemperature
reinforcement
24.4.3Nonprestressedreinforcement
24.4.4Prestressedreinforcement
24.5Permissiblestressesinprestressed
concreteflexuralmembers
24.5.1General
24.5.2Classificationofprestressed

flexuralmembers
24.5.3Permissibleconcretestressesat
transferofprestress
24.5.4Permissibleconcretecompressive
stressesatserviceloads

Chapter25ReinforcementDetails
25.1Scope
25.2Minimumspacingofreinforcement
25.3Standardhooks,seismichooks,
crossties,andminimuminsidebenddiameters
25.4Developmentofreinforcement
25.4.1General
25.4.2Developmentofdeformedbars
anddeformedwiresintension
25.4.3Developmentofstandardhooksin
tension
25.4.4Developmentofheadeddeformed
barsintension
25.4.5Developmentofmechanically
anchoreddeformedbarsintension
25.4.6Developmentofweldeddeformed
wirereinforcementintension
25.4.7Developmentofweldedplainwire
reinforcementintension
25.4.8Developmentofpretensioned
sevenwirestrandsintension
25.4.9Developmentofdeformedbars
anddeformedwiresincompression
25.4.10Reductionofdevelopmentlength
forexcessreinforcement
25.5Splices
25.5.1General
25.5.2Lapsplicelengthsofdeformed
barsanddeformedwiresintension
25.5.3Lapsplicelengthsofwelded
deformedwirereinforcementintension
25.5.4Lapsplicelengthsofweldedplain
wirereinforcementintension
25.5.5Lapsplicelengthsofdeformed
barsincompression
25.5.6Endbearingsplicesofdeformed
barsincompression
25.5.7Mechanicalandweldedsplicesof
deformedbarsintensionorcompression
25.6Bundledreinforcement
25.6.1Nonprestressedreinforcement
25.6.2Posttensioningducts
25.7Transversereinforcement
25.7.1Stirrups
25.7.2Ties
25.7.3Spirals
25.7.4Hoops
25.8Posttensioninganchoragesand

couplers
25.9Anchoragezonesforposttensioned
tendons
25.9.1General
25.9.2Requiredstrength
25.9.3Localzone
25.9.4Generalzone
25.9.4.3Analysisofgeneralzones
25.9.4.4Reinforcementlimits
25.9.4.5Limitingstressesingeneral
zones
25.9.5Reinforcementdetailing

Chapter26ConstructionDocumentsand
Inspection
26.1Scope
26.2Designcriteria
26.2.1Designinformation
26.3Memberinformation
26.3.1Designinformation
26.4Concretematerialsandmixture
requirements
26.4.1Concretematerials
26.4.1.1Cementitiousmaterials
26.4.1.1.1Compliance
requirements
26.4.1.2Aggregates
26.4.1.2.1Compliance
requirements
26.4.1.3Water
26.4.1.3.1Compliance
requirements
26.4.1.4Admixtures
26.4.1.4.1Compliance
requirements
26.4.1.5Steelfiberreinforcement
26.4.1.5.1Compliance
requirements
26.4.2Concretemixturerequirements
26.4.2.1Designinformation
26.4.2.2Compliancerequirements
26.4.3Proportioningofconcrete
mixtures
26.4.3.1Compliancerequirements
26.4.4Documentationofconcrete
mixturecharacteristics
26.4.4.1Compliancerequirements
26.5Concreteproductionandconstruction
26.5.1Concreteproduction
26.5.1.1Compliancerequirements
26.5.2Concreteplacementand
consolidation
26.5.2.1Compliancerequirements
26.5.3Curingconcrete

26.5.3.1Designinformation
26.5.3.2Compliancerequirements
26.5.4Concretingincoldweather
26.5.4.1Designinformation
26.5.4.2Compliancerequirements
26.5.5Concretinginhotweather
26.5.5.1Designinformation
26.5.5.2Compliancerequirements
26.5.6Construction,contraction,and
isolation
26.5.6.1Designinformation
26.5.6.2Compliancerequirements
26.5.7Constructionofconcretemembers
26.5.7.1Designinformation
26.5.7.2Compliancerequirements
26.6Reinforcementmaterialsand
constructionrequirements
26.6.1General
26.6.1.1Designinformation
26.6.1.2Compliancerequirements
26.6.2Placement
26.6.2.1Designinformation
26.6.2.2Compliancerequirements
26.6.3Bending
26.6.3.1Compliancerequirements
26.6.4Welding
26.6.4.1Compliancerequirements
26.7Anchoringtoconcrete
26.7.1Designinformation
26.7.2Compliancerequirements
26.8Embedments
26.8.1Designinformation
26.8.2Compliancerequirements
26.9Additionalrequirementsforprecast
concrete
26.9.1Designinformation
26.9.2Compliancerequirements
26.10Additionalrequirementsfor
prestressedconcrete
26.10.1Designinformation
26.10.2Compliancerequirements
26.11Formwork
26.11.1Designofformwork
26.11.1.1Designinformation
26.11.1.2Compliancerequirements
26.11.2Removalofformwork
26.11.2.1Compliancerequirements
26.12Concreteevaluationandacceptance
26.12.1General
26.12.1.1Compliancerequirements
26.12.2FrequencyofTesting
26.12.2.1Compliancerequirements
26.12.3Acceptancecriteriaforstandard
curedspecimens

26.12.3.1Compliancerequirements
26.12.4Investigationoflowstrength
testresults
26.12.4.1Compliancerequirements
26.12.5Acceptanceofsteelfiber
reinforcedconcrete
26.12.5.1Compliancerequirements
26.13Inspection
26.13.1General
26.13.2Inspectionreports
26.13.3Itemsrequiringinspection

Chapter27StrengthEvaluationofExisting
Structures
27.1Scope
27.2General
27.3Analyticalstrengthevaluation
27.3.1Verificationofasbuiltcondition
27.3.2Strengthreductionfactors
27.4Strengthevaluationbyloadtest
27.4.1General
27.4.2Testloadarrangementandload
factors
27.4.3Testloadapplication
27.4.4Responsemeasurements
27.4.5Acceptancecriteria
27.5Reducedloadrating

318.2BuildingCodeRequirementsforConcrete
ThinShells
1.1Scope
2.1Definitions
3.1Analysisanddesign
4.1Designstrength
5.1Specifiedconcretecoverforthinshells
6.1Shellreinforcement
7.1Construction