Chapter 3 : Excretion

Excretion: process of removing substances that are of no use or

in excess from the body

Importance of excretory system:

To regulate blood concentration

To regulate body temperature
To maintain health

Human excretory system consists of 2 systems:

i. Respiratory system
ii. Urinary system

Human excretory organ Waste product

Skin Water,urea (CO2 and
ammonia) ,mineral salt
through sweating
Lung Water vapour ,carbon dioxide
through respiration
Kidney Water ,urea , mineral salt
through urination

Urinary system in human beings

Structure Function
Kidney Filter and remove excess water
from blood
Ureter carry the urine from kidneys to
the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder Store urine before is excreted
Urethra Carries urine from urinary
bladder to be excreted
Renal artery Transport oxygenated blood to
the kidney
Renal vein Transport deoxygenated blood
from the kidney
Structure of Kidney
Pathway of urine removal

Kidney Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra

Functions of the kidney

eliminating excess water and mineral salts from the

body

Keep the amount of water and mineral salts in the

body in balance

regulating the blood concentration

helping to remove nitrogenous substances like urea

and uric acid from the body

Kidney failure

Causing by:

Bacterial infection

Injury

High blood pressure

2 ways to treat kidney failure:

Dialysis machine

Kidney transplant

Dialysis

Process of filtering and cleansing of blood using dialysis

machine
Dialysis removes excess water and was product through
semipermeable membrane
A semipermeable membrane has pores that allow urea
and salt to go through. Larger particles such as blood cell,
 bacteria, virus and protein cannot pass through this
membrane

Kidney health

Ways to maintain healthy kidneys include:

Limiting salt and protein intake

Maintaining blood sugar control for diabetics

Drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day

EXCRETION OF PLANT
Through excretion organ such as:

Leave
Flower
Bark
Fruit

Excretory prodect of plant such as:

Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Water
Mineral salts
Nitrogenous waste

Benefit of plant excretory product to human

Excretory product Source Use
Latex Rubber tree To make vehicle
tyres
Rennin Certain tree stems To make varnish and
like the casuarina gum
tree
Gum Certain tree stems To make cough
like the acacia tree medicine
Acid (tannic acids Bark of plants like To make ink
or tannin) the tea, coffee and
mangrove tree

Quinine Bark of cinchona To make medicine to

treat malaria
Oil Flowers or leaves of To make perfume
certain trees and
ointment for insect
bites

Effect of plant excretory product to human

Excretory product Source Reason for danger

Opium Flowers of the poppy Are drugs that ruin

plant health

Morphine Made from opium

Heroin Made from morphine

Cocaine Leaves of coca plant

Ganja Leaves and dried

flowers of the
cannabis sativa plant

Caffeine Coffee beans Causes addiction

Nicotine Tobacco leaves Smoking damages

the lungs and the
breathing channel