Professional Documents
Culture Documents
establishing facts
to support an argument
Determine facts
List possible emotions/emotional reactions and recognize them for later use
Quote sources
to establish authority
Stay focused
Conclusion
Ask yourself:
Revise if necessary
to practice both the art of writing and of persuasion. Then later, when we are
in our communities, whether work, church, neighborhoods, and even families,
we can benefit from this practice.
it is built with facts, which illustrate conclusions. Of course, this means you
need to know what you are talking about, and cannot be lazy with your facts,
or you will not succeed in convincing anyone. This shows another level of
fear: Fear of making a mistake that will make your argument or persuasion
meaningless. Since you are writing, and the words are on paper for all to see
(or on a web site!), you need to work to make sure your facts are in order.
Narrative essay
Spend a good deal of time drafting your recollections about the details of the
experience.
Rather than telling your readers what happened, use vivid details and
descriptions to actually recreate the experience for your readers.
Think like your readers. Try to remember that the information you present is
the only information your readers have about the experiences.
Always keep in mind that all of the small and seemingly unimportant details
known to you are not necessarily known to your readers.
It's often effective to begin your narrative with a paragraph that introduces
the experience and communicates the significance. This technique
guarantees that your readers will understand the significance of the
experience as they progess through the narrative.
Another effective technique is to begin the essay by jumping directly into the
narrative and then ending the essay with a paragraph communicating the
significance of the experience. This approach allows your readers to develop
their own understanding of the experience through the body of the essay and
then more deeply connect to your expression of the significance at the end.
You might also consider introducing the experience in the first paragraph but
delaying your expression of the significance of the experience until the end of
the essay. This approach heightens your readers' sensitivity to the
significance of the narrative.
After spending time away from the draft of your narrative essay, read through
the essay and think about whether the writing effectively recreates the
experience for your readers.
Ask other people to read through the essay and offer their impressions.
Identify and consider removing any information that seems to distract from
the focus and main narrative of the essay.
Think about whether you've presented information in the most effective
order.
A failure. Think about a time when you did not perform as well as you had
wanted. Focusing on an experience like this can result in rewarding
reflections about the positive emerging from the negative.
A good or bad deed. Think about a time when you did or did not stand up for
yourself or someone else in the face of adversity or challenge.
A change in your life. Think about a time when something significant changed
in your life. This could be anything from a move across town to a major
change in a relationship to the birth or death of a loved one.
Descriptive essay
Descriptive essay is one of the many types of writing styles that provides a
detailed description for a particular person, place and things. Descriptive
essay is purposely created so readers can readily imagine its particular
subject matter. There are many different ways of making a descriptive essay
really effective. Here are some of them:
So the article has laid out some of the essential ways to make a descriptive
essay pretty effective for its readers. Using the appropriate adjectives that
are truly appealing to the readers senses and making sure it is well
organized are among the essential ways to ensure that a descriptive essay is
well written and effective in its real sense. These should therefore be noted
and must be taken with utmost consideration when writing descriptive essay.
Definition Essay
A. Most physical objects have a definition about which most people agree.
1. Most people will agree on what trees, windows, computers, and pencils are
in general.
2. These objects all have specific physical properties that most people can
agree on through the use of their physical senses.
1. Since such essays are personal in nature, select your subject based on
your own need to clarify the term.
a. For example, if you feel that the word marriage should be defined in a
limited manner, that term would make a good subject for a definition essay.
2. Select a term or subject that you know well enough so that you can provide
specific examples to illustrate your definition.
a. For example, if you arent familiar with the termplatonic love, dont
attempt to define it in an extended essay.
b. The subject of the essay must be familiar enough to you that you can
readily supply specific examples.
3. Dont select a subject either too broad or too narrow to fit the parameters
of your essay.
a. For example, the word hat may be too narrow for you to define in an
extended essay.
b. On the other hand, the term love may be too broad or general since
pinning it down to a single definition is very difficult.
B. Once you have selected a subject, outline your paper carefully before
writing.
1. Outlining will help you determine the specific points you want to cover in
the definition and point out where you need examples.
I. Introduction
A. Attention getter
2. You may want to open with a contradictory image to what would be your
image to illustrate that definition.
B. Thesis: State how you define the term. If you can write the definition using
specific points, you will find the definition easier to follow when writing the
paper.
II. Body
A. Background information:
B. Point one
C. Point two
D. Point three
III. Conclusion
2. You may want to close with an explanation of how your definition has
affected you.
Definition Essay
A. Most physical objects have a definition about which most people agree.
1. Most people will agree on what trees, windows, computers, and pencils are
in general.
2. These objects all have specific physical properties that most people can
agree on through the use of their physical senses.
1. Since such essays are personal in nature, select your subject based on
your own need to clarify the term.
a. For example, if you feel that the word marriage should be defined in a
limited manner, that term would make a good subject for a definition essay.
b. Perhaps as a parent, you want to define what the term discipline means
from your point of view.
2. Select a term or subject that you know well enough so that you can provide
specific examples to illustrate your definition.
a. For example, if you arent familiar with the term platonic love, dont
attempt to define it in an extended essay.
b. The subject of the essay must be familiar enough to you that you can
readily supply specific examples.
3. Dont select a subject either too broad or too narrow to fit the parameters
of your essay.
a. For example, the word hat may be too narrow for you to define in an
extended essay.
b. On the other hand, the term love may be too broad or general since
pinning it down to a single definition is very difficult.
B. Once you have selected a subject, outline your paper carefully before
writing.
1. Outlining will help you determine the specific points you want to cover in
the definition and point out where you need examples.
I. Introduction
A. Attention getter
1. You may want to include the traditional or dictionary definition here to
provide a basis for your personal definition.
2. You may want to open with a contradictory image to what would be your
image to illustrate that definition.
B. Thesis: State how you define the term. If you can write the definition using
specific points, you will find the definition easier to follow when writing the
paper.
II. Body
A. Background information:
2. However, you may need to provide some background about the term or
your connection to the term.
B. Point one
C. Point two
1. The second part of the definition of the term.
D. Point three
III. Conclusion
A definition essay is writing that explains what a term means. Some terms
have definite, concrete meanings, such as glass, book, or tree. Terms such as
honesty, honor, or love are abstract and depend more on a person's point of
view.
The thesis statement usually identifies the term being defined and provides a
brief, basic definition.
(term) (basic definition)
Create a definition. There are several ways to define a term. Here are a few
options.
Define by analysis. Compare the term to other members of its class and then
illustrate the differences. These differences are special characteristics that
make the term stand out. For example, compare a Siberian husky to other
dogs, such as lap dogs, mutts, or sporting dogs.
Ex: A Siberian husky is a dog reputed for its ability to tolerate cold, its
distinctive features, and its keen strength and stamina.
Define by what the term does not mean. This distinction can sometimes
clarify a definition and help a reader to better understand it.
Kindness
Sense of Humor
Love
Charisma
Team Player
Optimism
Beauty
Respect
Ambitions
Whatever essay topic you choose, you should be interested in the subject and
familiar with it. It would be great if you had your personal experience in the
matter you are going to define.
Compare and contrast essays are the other big essay types in academic
writing. These essays will follow a specific question and are fairly easy to
complete. There are several ways to write this type of essay. The most
important thing to remember is structure. Many wonderful essays fall victim
to the woes of bad structure, making any ingenuity to fall by the wayside. Go
over the rules on how to write a general essay, and then structure your
compare/contrast essay in one of the following two formats:
Introduction
Topic 1
This next portion of your essay (which may consist of one paragraph or
several) should cover only the first topic of the comparison and contrast.
Compare/Contrast essays take two topics and illustrate how they are similar
and dissimilar. Do not mention topic 2 in this first portion.
Topic 2
This next portion of your essay (which may also consist of one or more
paragraphs) should cover the second of the two topics. Do not discuss Topic 1
in this section. Since you have already gone into great detail about it, you
may allude to Topic 1 briefly; however, do not analyze Topic 1 in this section.
This portion of the paper is to discuss Topic 2 in great detail.
Topics 1 and 2 Together
Now that you have analyzed both Topic 1 and Topic 2 independently, now it is
time to analyze them together. This section may also be one or several
paragraphs.
Conclusion
OR
Introduction
Conclusion
This conclusion is wrapping up everything you have just proven in your paper.
It should restate the thesis in a new, more official way, and you should feel
quite confident in your writing.
Type A:
Paragraph 8: Conclusion
Type B:
Paragraph 8: Conclusion
Evaluation Essays:
Evaluation essays are all about thinking and evaluating the topic, forming a
point of view about it, presenting your point to the readers and may be to
make them agree with your view point. But doesn't this seem to be much the
same like the cause and effect essay or persuasive essay? The answer to this
is no'. Confusing evaluation essays with analytical or argumentative essays
is a very common mistake done by many people. But how do you
differentiate between the two? Here are a few tips that can be helpful to you
to avoid making this mistake. The following tips are based on the
recommendation of professional and experienced writers, gathered through
online resources.
Firstly to get on with writing the essay we should be clear about what it
means. Evaluation essay is directed at assessing a topic, forming a view and
at times persuading the readers with your stand on the topic. Basic guidelines
to go about this is to choose a subject which may be assessed, finding every
necessary information by carefully researching on it and selecting on the
approach to be followed for writing the essay. In case of problem with forming
a point of view on the subject, writing down it pros and cons can be helpful in
valuing the topic. Next to get started with writing the essay, one should be
clear about his approach to be pursued in writing.
The total evaluation essay along with its inference or conclusion can be
described by the strategy or method used in writing it. The introduction to the
essay must contain a thesis or a judgement statement that introduces the
readers to the real meaning and the core of the essay. A strong, persuasive
and credible argument must follow the thesis statement to support and
empower it. The writer should also adequately define and explain the subject
to the readers, providing them with the necessary information in the opening
part of the text. The body of the essay must be divided in various paragraphs
each bringing forward an argument or information backing and assisting the
main statement.
The judgements made in the essay should be rational based on sound
reasoning. Each paragraph should concentrate on one main point and there
may be as many evidences or facts supporting that point. Some points which
counter your arguments may also be brought forward and refuted with
sufficient required reasons to make your stand strong. The tone of the text
should not be biased but your opinion must be articulated appropriately. The
essay should end with a valid, logical and sensible conclusion. It should
restate and reemphasise the opinion of the writer and also summarise the
main points stated in the text.
It should give due attention to writer's view point winning the trust and faith
of the readers and finally persuading them to take the idea given as true.
Finally the essay should be proofread and edited.
Criteria (the plural of criterion) means establishing what the ideal for the
product/place/service/etc. should be. In other words, it means demonstrating
what one should expect as the ideal outcome. Having clear criteria is what
keeps an evaluation from feeling less like an opinion. For example, if I am
evaluating a restaurant, I want to establish the criteria (quality of food,
service, price, cleanliness, etc.) that any good restaurant will adhere to; this
criteria can then be applied to the specific restaurant I am evaluating.
An overall thesis should also be offered. For an evaluation essay, this thesis
is the overall evaluation of whatever is being evaluated. Once again, if the
criteria, judgments, and evidence are clear, the overall thesis should be as
well. For example, if the restaurant meets most of the criteria laid out in the
essay, the overall evaluation should be mostly positive, whereas if the most
of the criteria isnt met, the evaluation will be mostly negative.
Topic Selection
Expository Essay?
The expository essay is a genre of essay that requires the student to
investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an
argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner. This can be
accomplished through comparison and contrast, definition, example, the
analysis of cause and effect, etc.
A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first
paragraph of the essay.
Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.
Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together.
Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the
essays argument, and the structure will collapse.
Each paragraph should be limited to the exposition of one general idea. This
will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. What is more, such
conciseness creates an ease of readability for ones audience. It is important
to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical
connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph.
Often times, students are required to write expository essays with little or no
preparation; therefore, such essays do not typically allow for a great deal of
statistical or factual evidence.
A bit of creativity!
Though creativity and artfulness are not always associated with essay
writing, it is an art form nonetheless. Try not to get stuck on the formulaic
nature of expository writing at the expense of writing something interesting.
Remember, though you may not be crafting the next great novel, you are
attempting to leave a lasting impression on the people evaluating your essay.
A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in
light of the evidence provided.
It is at this point of the essay that students will inevitably begin to struggle.
This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression
on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not
introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize and
come to a conclusion concerning the information presented in the body of the
essay.
A Complete Argument
an introductory paragraph
a conclusion
Classification Essay
Finding Categories
The thesis statement usually includes the topic and how it is classified.
Sometimes the categories are named.
Ex: Tourists in Hawaii can enjoy three water sports: snorkeling, surfing, and
sailing.
Determine the categories. Be thorough; don't leave out a critical category. For
example, if you say water sports of Hawaii include snorkeling and sailing, but
leave out surfing, your essay would be incomplete because surfing is Hawaii's
most famous water sport. On the other hand, don't include too many
categories, which will blur your classification. For example, if your topic is
sports shoes, and your organizing principle is activity, you wouldn't include
high heels with running and bowling shoes.
Classify by a single principle. Once you have categories, make sure that they
fit into the same organizing principle. The organizing principle is how you sort
the groups. Do not allow a different principle to pop up unexpectedly. For
example, if your unifying principle is "tourist-oriented" water sports, don't use
another unifying principle, such as "native water sports," which would have
different categories: pearl diving, outrigger, or canoe racing.
Support equally each category with examples. In general, you should write
the same quantity, i.e., give the same number of examples, for each
category. The most important category, usually reserved for last, might
require more elaboration.
You can choose essay topic for your classification essay you are familiar with.
Function
A good classification essay will do three things. First, it will arrange ideas into
the most relevant and constructive categories. The categories should be
detailed but not excessive. Having too many different categories can confuse
the classification and make it unclear. Secondly, the essay should adhere to
the particular organizing theory. The organizing theory determines how your
categories are arranged. The same principle should be consistent throughout
the entire essay. The third guideline is to cite effective examples that
correspond to each of the categories. Every category should have balanced
examples.
Features
The amount of categories that you choose to include in the essay will set the
stage for its tempo. For example, if you include too many, the essay may
drag on and become ineffective. Also, if you focus on the same category for
the duration of the paper, the overall objective can be misplaced.
Effects
It's important to determine the order that you want to present your
categories. Some people choose to give the most significant category right of
the bat, while others may opt to work up to it. There is no designated right or
wrong with this, and it may change depending on the specific essay.
Whatever way you decide, your categories should be clear and concise.
Identification
Considerations
A classification essay requires you to deliver your topic by using one of the
following approaches: classifying or rating and evaluating. For example, if you
were given an assignment to write a classification essay using the classifying
method, it may look something like this: Classify your friends according to
how many brothers and sisters they have and divide them into groups
according to if they live in a two-parent household, single-parent household
or other. An example of a classification essay that's based on the rating and
evaluating method is: Rate your school library according to the amount of
books they have and the helpfulness of the staff. Alternatively, it could tell
you: Evaluate the public library according to the quantity and quality of their
books and periodicals. Regardless of what type of method you use, the
purpose of the classification essay is to showcase your ability to explore and
analyze different information, organize it into groups and be able to draw
from reliable sources.