Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • FSI StandardChinese Module08TVL StudentTextAndWorkbook

    Uploaded by

    pdffull
    17 views280 pages
    FSI STANDART CHINESE MODULE 8 STUDENT AND WORKBOOK

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    FSI STANDART CHINESE MODULE 8 STUDENT AND WORKBOOK

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    17 views280 pages

    FSI StandardChinese Module08TVL StudentTextAndWorkbook

    Uploaded by

    pdffull
    FSI STANDART CHINESE MODULE 8 STUDENT AND WORKBOOK

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 280
    CM 0310 S STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS ‘This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and non resident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to: Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Instruction Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93940 Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military person. nel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conver- sations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. ‘The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, of the Defense Language Institute, or of the Department of Defense. In DLIFLC publications, the words “he,” “him,” and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to transla- tions of foreign language texts. STANDARD CHINESE A MODULAR APPROACH STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA DRAFT EDITION JULY 1982 Table of Contents Objectives for the Travel Module. see ee ee eee eee ee About Module Eight 6 ee eee eee ee ee Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit & Unit 5 ‘Travel Plans with Lixfngshé ite Oh 9 9000000u0 00 dGc000 Vocabulary List 6 ee eee ee ee ee eee Reference Notes - 6 eee eee Tape 1 Review Dialogue. -... 1... ee ee ape) @) Workbook tie sey tee ee eet ee Exercise Dialogues... 6%... ee ee ee eee Education in Bétjing [Rea Goo Goodogd900do0000 (ore 600cucucdcugu0000 ele) So ocaGgugdguccquqad ‘Tape 1 Review Dialogue... 1. eee ee eee iape) 4 Workbook tesco eee eercise Mislogues|¢ 0 reo stjiqing People's Commune beterence: tiga) ot) ee) ee ese 1 Vocabulary List ©... ee eee ee ee eee Reference Notes 2... eee ee ee ee ee Tape 1 Review Dialogue... ee eee ee Tape 2 Workbook 2... et ee eee lrerciee Dislomies oo) ) oe ie Ancient Architectural Art Reference List... . Vocabulary List. ee ee ee ee ee Reference Hotes os. ee ee ee Tape 1 Review Dialogue... eee eee eee Tape 2 Workbook... ee ee eee Exercise Dialogues... eee eee Economie Construction and Natural Reference tists Vocabulary List .... Reference Notes... . Tape 1 Review Dialogue. .- +++ e+e ee eee Tape 2 Workbook . . . Exercise Dialogues . . Unit 6 National Minorities Reference List. . + Vocabulary List . + - Reference Notes . . - Tape 1 Review Dialogue Tape 2 Workbook Exercise Dialogues + unit 7 Reference List... . Yocabulary List Reference Notes Tape 1 Review Dialogue Tape 2 Workbook . . - Exercise Dialogues . Unit 8 Reference List. . + - Vocabulary List Reference Notes Tape 1 Review Dialogue Tape 2 Workbook Exercise Dialogues . - Vocabulary List for the Module « List of Tapes in this Module . . aw CHINESE LANGUAGES 2% Approximate. Language Boundaries Ne Nations Borders F Ran gy eo NORTHERN CHINESE, a (Baifang hua) eds LANGUAGES "s Approximate Language Boundaries NORTHERN CHIN ESE og vwss (Baifang hua Fangyén vi, Unit 1 Unit 1, Reference L: 1. At Wien 2¥ume chénghu nfm How should ve address you? blo ne? B: L&i 281s cinguan fingvande People who come here to visit all. rén atu Jide «8 Udo Wang. call me Lio Wéng. 2. A: Mfn xing chétjian sht Woat do you think vould be the best wane Enpli bY Jie hilo? vay to arrange this? B: WS xing cul blo ding v3 I think 4t would be best to wait hé ShanghKi finentan until I've contacted Shinehlt Lifexd yixit 2it_stnd. and then ve'll see about it. 3. A: TMMagsbud nfm dut zhéi y{d@t- I've neard that you're an expert de fiagyén bén y8u yénjid. on the dialect of this ares. B: WALL! WS zh¥ enf 1i%0Ji8 Oh no! I just know a littie yiditar, téov a about it; I couldn't say I'm yénjit. an expert. 4, A: xXddnzdi Zhdnggud yongde China now produces most of the oi] shi @&biten shi 2ijt that it uses, isn't that right? shengebiinde, dut bat B: Ba, gufmbd shi 2X shéng- No, they produce all of it, eninge. 5. pabifen b8ifing rén dou Most northerners can speak the but shud pitGnghua, dut standard language, can't they? bu dul? Br Gu, bd hf shi béifang rén, Oh, not Just northerners. A lot ‘Léa aud péntiing rénde of southerners speak standard pltSnghul y8 ba cud. Chinese pretty vell, toa. 6. A: Mingtian wS ji céng Shénzhén Tomorrow I'm going to leave the if jing le. country from Shénzhé: B: 6, shéme kuai! W8 h&t yfwéi Oh, so soon! TI thought you could go aX néng gn vomen dio with us to Sizhéu for a fev days. Siizhéu ql vior Jitiéa ne! T. At DOngd¥i, XMbsi n¥ ddu gi- You've been to Manchuria and the uo le bat Northwest, baven't yout 2A4 Dongdsi v8 chY cinguinle In Manchuria I've only visited Daging, XMbEi BAL néi gd Daging, and I haven't been to ne. ‘the Northvest yet. VL, Unit 2 8. 9. 20. 12. 13. 1b. 15. 16. at 18. 19. Ar HY xftin 2Bu blo le, v3 Ji2 1st. B: HMo, uf t6u Jian. A: Theivét mugzh¥ yénjifide shi wét flingnidnde vents? B: TE yfnjifide zhty&o shi yiyéa bé yOydomé. tat XEnjting Ntiming vicki méfyou hén dud rén shud ptdnghud ba? Dut, zai ndixié atfang, Boshi minzG ylyén zhi Beiplode divet. + NYmen xiling qide dtgi dSu qile ba? HAL gta shénme wént{ meiyou? B: Mé! shézme vént{ le, Uixingtufin Gulingst Guilfa YGnnén Gutzbdu Hukbdt Hudnén Hufngshin You go ahead and leave. right there. Ia be Okay. See you in a vhile. What subject does this scholar study? She mainly studies languages aod Linguistic ‘In the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia not many people speak standard Chinese, do they? Right. In those places the minority nationality languages occupy the major position. Have you been to all the regions you wanted to go to? Do you have any nore questions? We don't have any more questions. ‘The China Travel Service did a very good Job and ve're very pleased. tour group (an autoncsous region, formerly spelled Kwangsi) (a fanous scenic city in Gullngxt) (a province in southern China) (s province, formerly spelled Kveichow) north China south China (a_famous scenic mountain in Kanuf province) VL, Unit 2 Hudngsh&n puftéu Jian Lifext Lito js8 1g Jing ibeingsh’ Ldxfagtuin nfnzd nfnting Naiming putSnghud quan quénba shloshl sbKoshd nfnzé Shénzhén shfy6u Unit 1, Vocabulary List te arrange ‘the north comparatively to visit and observe to call mostly zone, area, belt (a city in Héiléngjiéng province) area, district, region Manchuria to visit and meet vith dialect to do (a province in south China) (a city in Gulnge® province) (a province of China) north of China south of China (a mountain in Anbuf province) See you later! to contact to understand to leave a country or place travel service, travel agency tour group ethnic group, nation ‘the south Inner Mongolia tthe common (standard) language entirely entire, whole small number, fev, minority minority nationality (a city in Gulingdéng province) petroleum, of] xtbet Xfnjiing ubzb’ yiwét Ynnfin wees@t shud zhiyao northvest (an autonomous region of China) scholar to think (mistakenly), to assume (@ province of China) Lenguage Linguistics ++and then we'll see about tt to occupy, to take up main, mainly ‘TvL, vait 1 Unit 1, Reference Note 1 Wémen zénme chénghu ofa How should we address you? ho ne? TA zhéli canguan fingwénde People who come here to visit all rén ddu Jiao v8 Lao Wing. call me L&o Wing. Notes on Ho. 2 Asking how to address someone: If you are not sure how to address some- Asking how te adtress soweone: one, it is usually acceptable tO ask the person himself. Most Chinese recognize that they have a complicated system of terms of address, and are happy to ansver such questions. ghfnghu: "to address" or "form of address” Kuai_gdosu wo, wS gii zine Quick tell me: chénghu nide fini ne? address your parents? Xiang "Kiko Wing,” "Lio Zhang” Forms of address like "Xixo Wing” zhaizhing chénghu xian’ and "Lio 2hing" are nov very hn 1iGxfng 16 common. _ +. bBo net: "Would it be best to. . . 2” Women 28nme chingbs nfn acts 86 the subject of the verb Bo. Here is a diagram: WOnen #nne chénghu nin Ttllo ne? (CFor] us to address you how | tyould? te god?) “How would it be best for us to address you?" For sentences vith a similar structure, compare 2A and 8A below. Here are ‘three further examples: 2Bnme zud nfo? What should I do? ‘Ténme cht plo net How should it be cooked (1it., eaten")? WS zhén bd zhfdio giosu ta bio —I_ really don't know whether I should ne, hfishi bG gdosu ta blot tell him or not. ‘anguin, literally, ater-look," and fingvén, literally, "visit-inter- view,” are both sometimes translated as "to visit,” but there an important difference in their meaning: you cingudn a place (like a musews), but you people. Thus, cinguin is translated as "visit and observe,” and as "visit and talk with.” By extension, you can also fAngvin a place. but this implies « formal visit to a country or visits to factories or offices vhere the visitors have a chance to talk with the responsible people and vorkers. In addition, flngvén also sometimes translates the English verb 5 VL, Unit 1 "to interview.” Examples WS bd xthuan cinguin chityangde atfang, vB xing cdnguin gingchiin Dutbugl xfdnsheng, zhéli shi Jinsh? atgi, v2 kéyi cdnguan. @inién v3 2&1 Zhénggus fingvénle 1dSngge ginbu J418ting. ad 1iMngge xingatlY, ténen fingvanle liige chéagsh?. zne zhén shi yfct yu ytside Fingwén. Zustdan tdmen qi fingvinie yiwai ySu mingde ZhSnggub xuézht. Min xiling zh8ijian shi zBnme Snpfi DYji8o hKo? B: WS xing 2ut ho déng v5 ‘né ShanghNi fangnian igoxt yfxid zdi_shud. 2, At Hotes on No. 2 T don't like to visit this kind of Place. I vant to visit a factory. I'm sorry, sir. This is a military zone; sightseeing is not permitted. Last year in China I visited two cadres’ families. They visited six cities in two weeks. (implies thet they talked vith city officials.) ‘This was really en interesting visit. Yesterday they vent to interview @ famous Chinese scholar. What do you think would be the best way to arrange this? I think it vould be best to wait until I've contacted Shinghii ‘and then we'll see about it. ‘The structure of sentence 2A, which is similar to that of 1A, can be diagramed this vay: thai jian sbi (CAs for] this matter { vYjiko Blo? {would be] compara tively better? Gnphi: ‘Ta 2Bngehi dK shi Jian dnphide nBn bilo, ‘BY xian bu zhudzi dnpaihio, kéren kuli 161 le. Sinyud yiqifn Jiu bé 2at thér, Dai Enphi dio biéde aifang qu le. "to arrange,” "to set up’ He alvays arranges his time well. First arrange the tables; the guests will be here soon. je had left here even before March, having been assigned to another location. TVL, Unit DYjille or pYjido: (1) "Comparatively," "relatively," "nore" is the meaning in sentence 2A. BYji%o also has the folloving meanings: (2) "to compare’ Ydoshi bYjido zh8 1ikingge chéng- If you compare these tvo cities, shi, v8 n&ishi xfhuan Hangzhou. ‘I prefer Héngzhu. WOnen kéyi bYJido yixta shéi We can compare vho did it better. zudde bKo. (3) "fairly," "rather" Jintdan bYJido 1ng, dud chugn -—=«It's rather cold today, put on some aitar yirG. clothing. Context vill often tell you vhether bYJi%o as an adverb implies a comparison (in which case 1t should be translated as “comparatively,” "relatively," or “nore") or does not imply « comparison (in vhich case it should be translated as "rather" or “fairly"). TH shi vYjibo af Jing hudde rén. He 4s a rather talkative person. Zh8t 11Engge binfa, n¥ige bIjike Of these two methods, vhich is yOu xtdo? more effective? Diarge binfa bYJi%o yBu xiao. ‘The second is more effective. C6ng zhér dio chéngli qi, zud To go into the city from here, it's aitié bY jie kudl yidilnr. somewhat faster by subvay. Shanght an: Literally, "the Shangh&i side," meaning the concerned party in Sting In this sentence, the best English translation is simply "ShingbMt." For more examples of this use of fangnian, see the Society module, Unit 1, Notes on No. 8, a noun, “connection,” or phenomena: lifnxt: "to contact,” "to get in touch with,” or "ties." Liénxt can be betveen individual people, group Women y{Jing y8u 11Xngsinnién We haven't been in touch for two or néiySu 1ifnxt le, dd zhi- three years. I vonder how he has do t& zutjin zénmeyang. ‘been lately. That 1illngge vent! nétyou Tuere's no connection between these henme 1ifinxt. ‘two questions. Thdixi8 nif 161, Zhong-MeL In the past fev years, ties iMngeubde 1inxt yud 161 ‘between China and the U.S. have yua guling le. been getting broader and broader. Lignxt yfxia: Yfx1a here is used the same vay as in a sentence you learned in the Meeting module, Unit 6: WS tt n¥ zhullngdo yfxia, "I will pass on the message for you." Yfxia means “one time,” and simply adds a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a verb. (Yfx1a here is not translated as "a vhile” or "a little bit.") Reduplicating the verb 7 VL, Unit 1 bas about the same meaning: ifnxt lianxt, Ding... 284 shud literally means "Wait until . . . and then talk about it. i shud is often better translated as "see about it” or "deal vith it." D&mg can sometines be translated simply as "vhes.” Mingtian 281 shud. We'll see about thet tomorrex. Déng té hile 2&1 shud. We'll see sbout thet when he gets here. Wemen xin shighi kan zai shu. Let's try it out first and then see about it. 3. A: Tingshud nfm dut chai y{dai- I?ve heard thet you're an expert de fingyén h&n y8u yénjid. on the dialect of this area. B: N61i! WS 2n¥ shi 1i¥oJit Oh no! I just know a little about yidiliar, ténbudic ySu it; T coulda't say I'm an yénjid. expert. on No. -dai: "zone," “area,” “belt” Tne original meaning of dii is @ belt or band, as in pfaii, "leather pelt,” liyfndai, "recording tape,” and xifdii, "shoelaces." Tt is easy to see vhy it bas also come to mean “belt” in a geographical sense, and by extension, "zone" or "area." Dai is used in such words a radii (Literally "hot-zone") "the tropics “region.” Tt is also used in the common phrases zhéi yfaat yanhii_y{diii, "coastal region” (you will learn yénh¥i in Unit 5 of this module! That yldai vinshang hn wéixiln, This area is dangerous at night. NE yige rén chiiqu afi xifoxin You'd better be careful if you aitar. go out alone. You can use names of regions in the pattern... yfait Ting of stud wud, nf dagit shi From the vay you speak, I'd guess spinb& yiadt rén. you're from the area of northern Shiax!. fingyfn: “dielect” (Fing-, as in difing, “place,” here means “local.” ~Y&n forus part of the voré Tata, "Language," which is presented in sentence 9B.) In linguistics, the vord fangyén is used as we use the word "dialect." In common Chinese usage, fingyfa also refers to the various Chinese language: (such as Cantonese) which are not intelligible to a speaker of Standard Chinese. See also the note on plitSnghua under Number 5, Likoji8: As a state verb, “to understand,” "to grasp," "to comprehend,” and as an action verb, "to find out," "to acqueint oneself with.” As a state verb, it can be used in the pattern duf_. . . 1iloJit (see the fourth and fifth examples below). 6 TVL, Unit 2 Aa a state verb NY pO 1iNoJ18 qfngkuing. You don't understand the situation. TH nén 1i8oJi8 ndlide qfngkuing. He understands the situation there quite vell. ‘Tade gudg, vd 1i%ojikde fei- I am very faniliar vith his past ching qingchil. history. NY dut t@ het pd 11%os18, You still don't understand him. Dub Thongguo 1ish¥ vB 1ikoJi¥de I don't know enough about Chinese vG edu. history. ction verb WY dio nar gi y¥qign mt bo Before you go there, you would do OHA yGutd ndrde réngsd. well to acquaint yourself with ‘the (local) customs. WS xillng 11KoJ1¥ 11%0Ji8 I would like to find out about min shénghubde q{ngkuing. the (daily) life of the people. When the word “know” means to understand a person, it must be translated into Chinese as Liloji8: ‘Ta diren zut 1ikoJié ta. His wife knows him best. (or "Her husband . . . .") (Rénshi té simply means "to be acquainted with him,” and zhidao ta means "to know of his.") "cannot speak of . . ." A polite response to flattering ‘After thnbudlo, you usually repeat the words of the first A: NY dut M&igué wénbua You understand American culture nia 11ko 18. very vell. Br Thnbuddo 11%0J1%, v5 ch¥ It's kind of you to say so ("one abi dut zhéifingntan cannot speak of understanding it"), b¥n ySu xinggu. but I'm just very interested in it. be oe Zhnggub renee Chine now produces most of the oil sbfyéu atbiten shi 2fJY that it uses, isn't that right? ‘shengchiinde, Gut ba? B: BQ, guéubd shi z2J¥ shéng- No, they produce all of it. cnknde. Notes on No. b shfy6u: “petroleum,” "oil" (literally, "rock-oil," which, incidentally, 9 VL, Unit 1 ds also the meaning of the English vord "petroleun") Examples: shfy6i gongye, "the ofl industry"; shfyéu huaxuf, "petrochenistry.” fen: “the moat part,” "for the most part,” "mostly" ‘The stréas in this vord is on the syllable di-, and in conversation, the middle syllable, -bu-, is often neutral tone (you may even hear what sounds like dabfen, vith the u sound missing). Use a@biifen to modity a verb or @ noun: MEigué réa dibifen @5u yu zijide che. Debiten MBigu6 rén d3u yu zijide che. aut_ba Most Americans have their own car. "isn't that correct?" "isn't that so?” You have already learned to ask for the listener's confirmation by using shf_bu shi? or sht mat fend dut_bu dui? or dut zat at the end of a sentence. Shi ba? and dul bat are also used in the same sentence position to ask for confirmation, but because of the marker ba, they imply that the speaker is fairly sure that bis infor- mation is correct. “entire,” "whole," "all" quénbi: T&ixi8 shO v8 quindd au kdnguo le. I've read all of these books. His money was all used up by the trip. Tade gifm quinbd yong zat 18- xingebang 1 TH ght wde gingmud, wE bhi afi quénb) zuivin ne. ‘TE shudde bud quéndd méi yong. NY dQ zhidio tide quinbd qing- kuang zEnme néng hé ta Jiéhin? 5. A: Dabiten rén au tat shud pUtSnghul, dut bu duit B: Gu, ba zh¥ shi p¥ifing rén, nén dud nfnfiing rénde pUtSnghud y¥ bG cud. Notes on No. 5 When used with reference to China, the ("used on the trip") I haven't finished all of the work he gave me yet. Everything he said is nonsense (worthless, usel How can you marry him vithout knoving his whole situation? Most northerners can speak the standard language, can't they? Oh, not just northerners. A lot of southerners speak standard Chinese pretty vell, too. BEifing, "the north" of a country, and nfnfing, "the south” of e country: terms usually mean the area north of the Hufng HE (Yellow River) and the area south of the Chfingjidng (Yangtze River), respectively. The area betveen the rivers is usually considered central China. 7) VL, Untt 1 BEifing rén xStuen chi midashf, Yortherners like to eat foods made ninfing rén xYnuan chi af fin. from vheat, and southerners like to eat rice. ‘Tide ZhOngguo hud yBu nfinfing His Chinese has e southern accent. xBuyin, plitSnghud: "the common speech," the usual designation in the PRC for vhat ve bave celled in this course "Standard Chinese.” PUténghua 1s officially defined as consisting of the sound system of BEijing speech, the vocabulary and idiom of northern speech, and the grammar of exemplary modern vernacular writings. It vould be inaccurate to equate plitOnghud vith either péiténg hud ("northern speech") or Beijing hud ("BEijing speech”), because plitdnghua bas absorbed many elements from other dialects, contributing to its richness Conversely, such things as purely regional expressions (including those of BEijing dtself) and non-standard pronunciations are not considered pltdnghua. Before the PRC, the term pltGnghua already existed, but referred to the approxinations of Mandarin spoxen by the comon people of northern China. (In Taiwan, the term guéyl, "the national language,” is used for the offi- cially promoted standard language.) DUghY shi p¥ifing rén: “not Just northerners" Ba zhY shi, “not only,” can be followed by s noun, verb, or clause. Sometimes you may hear DG Ji0 shi, pG din shi, bd guiing shi, or bi Yn shi (vhich you vill learn in the Life in China module), with the same meaning. The shi is necessary before a noun but may be omitted before # verb: Women dingéngsht bd chY (shi) In our office, there are not only ySa MBiguo rén, b&i you jige Americans, but also some Chinese ZhSngguo rén bang vOmen gingzud. vho help us. 6. A: Mingtdan w8 J42 c6ng Shénzhén Tomorrow I'm going to leave the LL sing 1 country from Shénzhén. B: 0, chime kuai! WS béi yIwéi Oh, so soon! I thought you could go a néng gen véaen dio with us to Sizhu for a few days. SizhSu ql wiar jitdiin ne! Rotes . 6 Sbénzh’n, formerly known by its Cantonese pronunciation, Shumchun, is ‘the border stop on the railroad from Hong Kong to Gu&ngzhu (Canton). jing: “leave a country,” literally, "leave-boundary" You can also way ak g. ing. yiwéi:; "to mistakenly think” Xi%ng and rénwéi, which you vill learn in the next unit, doth mean "to think that... ." Yiwéi adds the meaning thet ‘the subject's impression vas wrong. ME ySvéi vB ba zhiddot! WS You thought I didn't know?! I heard zHo Jiu tingshud le! about it a long time ago! u" TvL, Unit 1 WS yivét WS yee réo kéyi nf- deddng, shéi 2hfddo name zbdng. WS nét yiwEi: "E thought (mistakenly)” and as “also, additionally.” This h&i he translated. I thought I could carry tt by my. self; who would have thought it vas so heavy? You have learned n&l as "sti11" 4 different meaning and is not Tt emphasizes that the subject vas under a vrong impression. ‘This meaning of héi 1s most clearly seen with the verb xing: WO h&i xilng means "I mist kenly thought,” whereas WO xilng does not specify whether the Judgment vas right or wrong. Qu, ont oY ya! WS nit xtiing (oR yfwéi) shi biérén ne! A: NY tingshuble mat 7A shéng- Le ge érzi. du, wS hét ba zh¥dio ne! J. A Dongb¥i, XMEL n¥ ddu qi- guo le ba? Br Zad DEngbst v8 zhY cingufnle Paging, XTbEi h&i méi qi m Notes on No. Dengdsi, XPb¥i: it bears repeating that combined direction nane: etc.) are said in the reverse order from Englisi xibdi (westenorth) northwest: (vest-south) southvest Dongdsi: Although you learned this is in the Directions moduli "the Northeast,” "Manchuria” Ob, it's yout someone else. I thought it was Have you heard? ‘voy. Oh, I didn't know! (Here, it is not a mistaken impression but the previous lack of any infor- ation on the subject which hét, emphasizes) She had a baby You've been to Manchuria and the Northvest, haven't you? In Manchuria I've only visited Dagtng, and I haven't been to the Northwest yet. ("northwest ,” "southeas aBngbss (east-north) northea dSngnin (east-south) southeast ‘The northeastern region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Lifonfng, Jfifn, and Heiléngjiing, is sometimes called Manchuria because the largest indigenous minority is the Manchu, or Min, nationelity. throughout the ulations in the cities of B&ijing, Chéngdi, Xf'&n, and Hohhot. Of China's 2.6 million Min, most live scattered three provinces and Hébi; there ere also smaller M&n pop- ‘The Min, and before them their ancestors the NUzhén (Ruchen or Juchen, an ancient nation- slity of the same region), were a major force in Chinese history from the 42 TVL, Unit 1 Jin Dynasty, in which the Mlzhéa ruled northern China for over « century (1225-1234), to the Manchu-run Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). After the Qing dynasty esteblished its cepital in BEijing, great numbers of Min filtered south through ShinbKi Pass in Héb&i and intermixed with the Hin Chinese. In this century, large-scale Hin migration to the Northeast (hundreds of thousands every year) has caused the region's population to svell to 99.4 million (1976 estinate), of which only 2.4 million are of the M&n nationality. Although their ethnic origins are distinct from the Hin Chinese, the Min today are virtually assinilated vith the Hin racially, culturally, and linguistically. Most, for example, speek only Chinese; the “Mn language, vhicb in the lest dynasty was still used alongside Chinese in official court documents, is well on its way to extinction (some Min speakers remain in Aibul and Fly counties in Hé11éngsting). HENLONGIIANG. The three provinces of the Northeast XPbEL: "the Horthvest,” a region vhich includes Ningxia, Xinjiang, QinghKi, Sblnxf, and Ginsi. : “have gone to" Notice that nev-situation le may follow e verb phrase with the ending -guo. Here are some other example: A: BY chigue fan le ma? Have you eaten yet? B: Chfgud le. Yes. A: T& qut xinde dianying of Rave you seen his latest kdnguo le mat? movie yet? Kanguo le. Yes. 43 TvL, Unit 1 : An ofl-producing center (recently given the status of « city) in the S8ng-Man Plain of southern Héiléng)iang province. Diqtog ta the nation's leading producer of crude oil, accounting for more than one third of the crude of1 volume. China's ofl industry has only developed since 1949, and it was the monumental explorstion end drilling at Daging, under extr iy adverse conditions, that in large part enabled China to meet her own oi] needs by 1963. Daging in industry (65: through the Cultural Revolution. 8. A: NY xlan 28u bo le, v8 Jid at. Hho. Huf t6u Jian. Rotes on No. 8 ho 1e: has a special meaning; the translation varies vith the context. In 196b, Mo 2648ng called on the vhole nation to learn from ng), a slogan which continued to be heard: You go ahead and leave. right there. I'D be Okay. See you in a vhile. ‘Tne ending blo le, literally "and then it will be okay,” Tt is used when the speaker (1) agrees to something, permits someone to do something, or suggeste that someone do something, or (2) gives in to something, doesn't care if something happer (1) WS qi nio 1e. Zhao n¥ shudde dan hifo le. NY shud Zhdngwén bio le, v8 tingdedSng. NY n&qu b&o le, v8 y8ngvén le. (2) NE v6 qd hilo le, vB bd gioxtng. Rang t& shud bo le, wS bd 111 go. (AGREEING TO DO SOMETHING) We'll do it your vay, then. (AGREEING ‘10 DO SOMETHING) Go ahesd and speak Chinese. I under- stand. (SUGGESTING) Go ahesd and take it. I'm finished vith it. (PERMITTING) $0 don't go, then. But I'm not happy about it. Let him say vhat he vants to; I guba! don't care! Huf t6ur ji&m: "See you later” This is a BEi jing expression. Huf t6u, literally, “turn one's head,” is used colloquially to mean “later,” as in Ruf t6u wSmen 221 thn. WS nuf téu jad let. We'll talk it over later, I'LL be there in a minute Use Huf t6ur_ji8n when you expect to sea the other person shortly. 4 TVL, Unit 1 9. A: UbAivdi xugent yénjitide shi n¥iffingmiinde vént{? ‘TE y&njiiide zhtiyio shi wiyén hé ylydnmué, Notes on No. 9 "scholar" xubznt vhere it means -de rén, "a person vho....” Other examples: reader (a4, "read," will be presented in the next ZbE, "vorker (in a certain field)." SGzne stabs nubaéent, able: As an adjective "mainly," “essentially”: Qh xMeSi, chtydode midi shi xdling 11M0ji8 yidibor guinyé "major /main/« What subject does this scholar study? She mainly studies languages and Linguistics. You vill find the ending -zh& in mumber of vords In Unit b, you will learn gngzud- module) reporter, Journalist (1it., "one vho records things") recipient of « prize, etc. (huddé means "to obtein") ential,” and as an adverb, ‘The main reason for going to the Northwest is to find out about narde n6ngy® shéngchiin qingkuang. agricultural production thers Women zhér zhilyfode vént{ shi méi gifs. Nar zhity8o chinlin xié shénme? Wéng bu néng qi, zhilyio kin shijiin. TE rhilyfo jiingde shi Zhongguo- de shfy6u shéngchin qingkuang. ‘The: as “neinly,” for exaxple: WS jfotian 164, zhitydo shi yinwei w8de péngyou au 161 1e. Our main problem here is that ve have no money. What are the main things they exhibit there? ("What mainly do ‘they exhibit there?") Whether or not ve can go depends Bainly on time. He spoke mainly about China's ofl production. are times when zhilyo must be translated es "essentially" rather ther I came today essentially because all ny friends cane. ‘Tats sentence does not imply that there are any other reasons of lesser importance. vee: Xué yizbSng yllyén bG shi yitién Likagtiainde shit. "language" The counter for a lenguage is usually -zh8ng, "kind": Learning @ language isn't something you can do overnight ("in a day or two"). 1s ‘VL, Unit 1 Thdngvén shi, yizb3ng bY Jilo Chinese is a rather difficult language nin rubde yiyéa. to learn. Ta chfingchSng Ji%o tamen yixi@ «He often teaches them language (vorde ba yinggal Jifode ylyin. and phrases) that shouldn't be taught. Yi can be used as the ending for the names of languages Yingy English xfbanyfyi Spanish Hiny Chinese Dey German Riyt Fy French Rasy Russian Moy Manchurian vinatytt Hindi vaiy foreign language The ending -bud (as in ZhSngguo bud) refers to just the spoken language.

    You might also like