RAHUL CLASSES

FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET

Lesson :- 07
nzO;eku dsUnz (Centre of mass ):- fdlh fi.M dk nzO;eku dsUnz og fcUnq gS] tgkWa fi.M dk
leLr nzO;eku dk;Z djrk gSA bls c
vFkok Cm ls iznfkZr djrs gSA
nks d.kksa ds fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz (Centre of mass of two particle
system ):-
ekuk dksbZ fudk; nks d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS ftuds nzO;eku m1 o m2
rFkk ewy
r1 r2
fcUnq ls nwfj;kWa o gSA rc fudk; dk nzO;eku
rcm
dsUnz fcUnq c ij dk;Z djrk gSA ftldh ewy fcUnq ls nwjh gS A
m r m2 r2
rcm 1 1
m1 m2 rcm .(m1 m2 ) m1 r1 m2 r 2
rc fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz %&
vr% LiV gS] fd nks d.kksa ds fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz nksuksa] --------------- d.kksa ds
nzO;ekuksa dk xq.ku muds vyx&vyx nzO;ekuksa rFkk ewy
fcUnq ls LFkfr lfnkksa ds xq.ku Qy ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
dkrhZ; funsZkkadks ds inksa esa %& 1- foeh; xfr(one
dimension situation) :-
ekuk m1 o m2 nks nzO;ekuksa ds d.k x- vnk ij fLFkr
gS] ftudh ewy fcUnq ls nwjh dek% x1 o x2 gSA rc
fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUn
m x m x
xcm 1 1 2 2
m1 m2
fcUnq c ij
2- nks foeh; fLFkfr (two dimension condition):- ekuk m1 o m2
nzO;eku ds nks d.k fdlh lery esa fLFkfr gS- ftuds dkrhZ;
funsZkkad dzek% (x1,y1) o (x2,y2) gS] fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz
c ij
m x m x m y m y
xcm 1 1 2 2 ycm 1 1 2 2
m1 m2 m1 m2
dk;Z djrk gSA rks ]
3-f=foeh; fLFkfr (three dimension situation ):- ekuk m1 o m2
nzO;eku ds nks d.k vyx&vyx ry esa fLFkr gS] ftuds dkrhZ;
funsZkkad (x1,y1,z1) o (x2,y2,z2) gSA rFkk fudk; dk
nzO;eku
dsUnz c ij dk;Z djrk gSA
m x m x m y m y m z m z
xcm 1 1 2 2 ycm 1 1 2 2 zcm 1 1 2 2
m1 m2 m1 m2 m1 m2
] ]

Exp :- 1- dkcZu eksuks vkSDlkbM xSl ds v.kq esa dkcZu rFkk vkWDlhtu ijek.kqvksa ds
dsUnzksa ds chp dh nwjh 1.30A0 gSA dkcZu ijek.kq
ds lkis{k nzO;eku dsUnz dh fLFkfr Kkr djksa \
Soluction :- dkcZu ds fy, m1 = 12 , x11=0 vkWDlhdj.k ds fy, m2 = 16, x2 = 1.130A0 C
O

RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 1

 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
m1 x1 m2 x2 12 0 16 1.130
xcm
m1 m2 12 16
Rkc fudk;k dk nzO;eku = 0.6457A0 X

1.30A0
n- d.kksa ds fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz %&
ekuk dksbZ fudk; n- d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS] ftuds nzO;eku m1,m2,m3.....mn gS] rFkk budh ?
r1 , r2 , r3 ......rn
kw.kZu v{k ls nwfj;kWa
rcm
gSA fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz fcUnq ij dk;Z djrk gSA ftldh ewy fcUnq ls nwjh gS] rc
fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz
i n

m1 r1 m2 r2 m3 r3 ....... mn rn m .r i i
rcm rcm i 1
m1 m2 m3 ..... mn M

m1 m2 m3 ..... mn
tgkWa %& M =
i n
m .r i i
m1r1 m2 r2 m3r3 ..... mn rn
rcm .M mi .ri
i 1
= rc
vr% n d.kksa ds fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz rFkk leLr d.kksa
ds nzO;ekuksa ds ;ksx dk xq.ku] muds vyx&vyx nzO;ekuksa rFkk ewy fcUnq ls nwfj;ksa
ds xq.ku Qy ds ;skx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
1- ,d foeh; xfr fy, %& ekuk fudk; ds d.kksa ds nzO;keu m1,m2,m3.....mn rFkk ewy fcUnq ls
nwjh;kWa x1,x2,x3.....xn gks rks nzO;eku
m x m2 x2 m3 x3 ....... mn xn
xcm 1 1 m1 m2 m3 ..... mn
M
dsUnz M=

2- f}foeh; xfr %& ekuk fudk; n- d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS] ftuds nzO;eku
m1 , m2 , m3 ,....., mn
gS]
x1, y1 , x2 , y2 ..... xn , yn
rFkk buds dkrhZ; funsZkkad rc fudk; ds
nzO;eku
xcm ycm
dsUnz rFkk gksxsa A
m x m2 x2 m3 x3 ....... mn xn m y m2 y2 m3 y3 ....... mn yn
xcm 1 1 ycm 1 1
M M

m1 , m2 , m3 ,....., mn
3- ekuk fudk; n- dks.k ls feydj cuk gS] ftuds nzO;eku gS] rFkk buds dkrhZ;
funsZkkad (x1,y1,z1) ] (x2,y2,z2)
(x3,y3,z3)...... (xn,yn,zn) gSA fudk; dk nzO;eku dsUnz c ij dk;Z djrk
gSA
m x m2 x2 ....... mn xn m y m2 y2 ....... mn yn
xcm 1 1 ycm 1 1
M M

RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 2

 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
m1 z1 m2 z2 ....... mn zn
ycm
M
n- d.kksa ds fudk; ds nzO;eku dsUnz dh xfr %& ekuk dksbZ fudk; n- dk.ksa ls feydj
m1 , m2 , m3 ,....., mn
cuk gSA ftuds nzO;eku dzek% gSA rFkk budh ewy fcUnq ls nwfj;ks dzek
r1 , r2 , r3 ......rn
% gSA rc fudk; dk

rcm
M
1

m1 r1 m2 r2 ..... mn rn
nzO;eku dsUn --------(i) lehdj.k (i) dk t ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
d rcm 1 d r1 dr d
dt

M
m1
dt
m2 2 ,....., mn rn
dt dt
Vcm
1
M

m1 v1 m2 v2 ,....., mn vn
.......(ii)
Vcm V1 ,V2 ,....Vn
tgkW = nzO;eku dsUnz dk osx] d.kksa ds osx gSA lhdj.k (ii) dk iqu% t ds
lkis{k vodyu djus ij
d vcm 1 d v1 dv dv
dt

M
m1
dt
m2 2 ,....., mn n
dt dt acm M
1

m1 a1 m2 a2 ,....., mn an
f m
ls

acm M F1 , F2 , F3 ... Fn acm M Fext
vr% LiV gS fd n d.kksa ds fudk; ds
nzO;eku dsUnz dk
Roj.k rFkk lEkLr d.kksa ds nzO;ekuksa dk xq.ku muds vyx&vyx d.kksa ij yxus okys okg;
cyksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
Fext 0, acm 0 vcm
;fn rc Constant vr% LiV gS] fudk; ij dk;Z djus okyk okg; cyksa dk ;ksx
kwU; gks rks fudk; ds
nzO;eku dsUnz dk osx fu;r jgrk gSA
js[kh; laosx (Linear momentum ):- fdlh d.k dk js[kh; laosx mlds nzO;eku m rFkk osx v ds
xq.ku Qy ds cjkcj gksrk gSA bls
P P m.v
ls iznfkZr djrs gSA vr%
js[kh; laosx ,d lfnk jkfk gS] bldh lnSo d.k ds osx dh fnkk esa gksrh gSA rFkk bldk SI
i}fr esa ek=d kgm/sec rFkk foeh;
lw= p [ MLT-1] gksrk gSA
xfry tkZ rFkk js[kh; losx esa lEca/k %& fudk; d.k dk laosx p= m.v .....(i)
1 mv
2
1 1 m 2v 2
k mv2 k
2 2 m 2 m
rFkk d.k dh xfrt tkZ .......(ii)
2 2
1 p p
k k
2 m 2m
lehdj.k (i) ls (ii) esa eku j[kus ij
fudk; dk js[kh; laosx (Linear momentum of system) :- fdlh fudk; dk js[kh; laosx fudk; ds leLr
d.kksa ds laosxksa ds ;ksx
ds cjkcj gksrk gSA ekuk dksbZ fudk; n- d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS] ftuds nzO;eku dzek%
m1 , m2 , m3 ,....., mn
rFkk osx dzek%
RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 3
 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
v1 , v2 , v3 .......v n P p1 p2 p3 ....... p n
gSA rc fudk; dk laosx vr%
P mv1 m2 v2 ....... mn v n
....(i)
m1 v1 m2 v 2 ....... mn vn
vcm
M
Rkc fudk; ds nzO;eku dsUnz ds osx ls
vcm M m1 v1 m2 v 2 ....... mn vn
.......(ii)
vcm M P P vcm M

vr% LiV gS] fd n- d.kksa ds fudk; dk js[kh; laosx] fudk; ds nzO;eku dsUnz ds osx rFkk
leLr d.kksa ds nzO;ekuksa ds ;ksx ds xq.ku Qy
ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
js[kh; laosx ifjorZu dh nj rFkk js[kh; laosx dk fl}kUr %& ge tkurs gS] n- d.kksa ds
P vcm M
fudk; dk js[kh; laosx ......(i)
dP dv dP
M cm M acm
dt dt dt
rc laosx ifjorZu dh nj vFkkZr t ds lfi{k vodyu djus ij ....(ii)
M acm Fext
ysfdu nzO;eku dsUn dh Roj.k dh ifjHkkkk ls ......(iii) lehdj.k (ii) o (iii) ls
dP
Fext
dt

vr% LiV gS] n d.kksa ds fudk; ds laosx ifjorZu dh nj] fudk; ds leLr d.kksa ij yxus okys
okg; cyksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
dP
0dp0
F ext 0 dt dp 0 P
;fn gksrks Constant
vr% LiV gS] fd fudk; ij yxus okyk okg; cyksa dk ;ksx kwU; gks rks fudk; dk dqy js[kha;
laosx fu;r jgrk gSA ;gh laosx laj{k.k
F
F F

F
dk fl}kUr dgykrk gSA
nz<+ fi.Mks dh xfr (Motion in Rigidbody):-
nz<+ fi.M (Rigid body):- nz<+ fi.M og fi.M gksrs gS] ftu ij okg; cy yxkus ls fi.M ds
d.kksa dh chp dh nwjh u cnys] nz<+ fi.M dgykrs gSA okLro esa dksbZ Hkh fi.M nz<+
fi.M ugha gksrk]
ysfdu O;ogkj esa lHkh Bksl oLrqvksa dks nz<+ fi.M ekuk x;k gSA
nz<+ fi.Mksa esa xfr (Motion in Rigid body ):- nz<+ fi.Mksa esa rhu izdkj dh xfr gksrh gSA
1- LFkkukUrjhr xfr (Translation motion):- bl izdkj dh xfr esa fi.M ,d ljy js[kk esa xfr djrk gS]
vFkkZr fufpr le;kUrjky
Eksa fi.M ds izR;sd d.k dk foLFkkiu leku gks] LFkkukrjh; xfr dgykrh gS] blesa fi.M ds
tM+Ro ds tM+Ro dk egRo gksrk gSA
tSls %& fdlh ry ij fQlyrs gq, cDls dh xfr] lM+d ij pyrs gq, O;fDr ;k okgu dh xfr ifg;s dks
NksM+dj !
RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 4
 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
2- ?kw.kZu xfr (Rotational motion):- bl izdkj dh xfr esa fi.M ,d fLFkj ?kw.kZu v{k ds ifjr%
xfrdj.k gSA vr% fi.M ds lHkh d.k
?kw.kZu v{k ds ifjr% xfr djrs gSA bl xfr esa ?kw.kZu v{k ij fLFkr% d.k fLFkj jgrs gSA ?
kw.kZr xfr ?kw.kZr v{k ls nwjh r ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
tSls %& Nr ls yVds ia[ks dh xfr] ?kM+h dh lqb;ksa dh xfr A
3- la;qDr LFkkukUrjh; ,oa ?kw.kZu xfr %& bl izdkj dh xfr esa fi.M fdlh v{k ds ifjr% ?
kw.kZu xfr djrk gS] lkFk gh ?kw.kZu v{k
LFkkukUrjh; xfr djrk gSA rks fi.M dh bl izdkj dh xfr dks] la;qDRk LFkkUrjh; ,ao ?kw.kZu dh
xfr dgrs gSA
tSls %& pyrs gq, okgu ds ifg;s dh xfr] fdlh ry ij yq<+drs gq, Bksyd vFkok xksys dh xfrA
dks.kh; Roj.k (Angular Acceleration):- dks.kh; osx ifjorZu dh nj dks dks.kh; Roj.k dgrs gSA
' '
bls ls iznfkZr djrs gSA
w dw w w1
T 1L0
T 2

t

dt
2
t T M 0 L0T 2
Rad/sec2 foeh;lw=

js[kh; Roj.k rFkk dks.kh; Roj.k esa lEca/k ( Relation between tiniar acceleration and angular
acceleration) :-
' '
ekuk dksbZ fi.M r f=T;k ds o`kh; iFk ij fu;r dks.kh; Roj.k ls ?kw.kZu xfr dj jgk gS] fdlh
NM+ fi.M dk dks.kh; osx w1, rFkk
t
js[kh; osx v1 rFkk le;kUrjy esa dks.kh; osx w1 rFkk js[kh; osx v gks tkrk gSA
v r.w w v/r w1 v1 / r w2 v2 / r
we have that ls .....(i) .......(ii)
w2 w1

t
rc dks.kh; Roj.k dh ifjHkkkk ls ..........(iii) lehdj.k (i) o (ii) ls (iii) esa eku j[kus ij

v2 / r v1 / r

1 v2 v1
(a)
1
t r t r a r.

vr% LiV gS] fd js[kh; Roj.k] dks.kh; Roj.k rFkk ?kw.kZu v{k ls nwjh ds xq.ku Qy ds cjkcj
gksrk gSA
?kw.kZu xfr ds lehdj.k (Equations of Rotation of motion):-
js[kh; xfr ds lehdj.k = ?kw.kZu xfr ds lehdj.k
js[kh; ?
Roj.k kw.kZu
xfr
Roj.k a
izkjfEHk u w0
d osx
vkfUre v w
osx
foLFkkiu s (i )v u at , w wo t

Lke; t t 1 1
(ii ) s ut at 2 , wot t 2
2 2

(iii )v 2 u 2 2as, w2 wo 2
2

RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 5

 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
' '
;fn dksbZ fi.M ?kw.kZu v{k ds ifjr% fu;r dks.kh; Roj.k ls ?kw.kZu xfr dj jgk gS] fdlh {k.k t
w0
= 0, ij fi.M dks.kh; osx ls
Xkfr izkjEHk djrk gSA rFkk t le; ckn] og dks.kh; osx w izkIr dj ysrk gSA rFkk dks.kh;

foLfkkiu gksrk gSA
w w0 t
1- ?kw.kZu xfr ,oa izFke lehdj.k dk fu;e dks.kh; Roj.k dh ifjHkkkk ls
w t t

dw
dw .dt w w
dt
dt dw .dt w0 0
w0
0 w w0 t t0
lekdyu djus

w w0 t 0 w w0 t w w0 t

1 2
w0t t
2
2- ?kw.kZu xfr ds f}rh; lehdj.k dk fuXeu
t
d
w
dt d w.dt
d w.dt
0 0
dks.kh; osx dh ihjHkkkk ls %& lekdjyu djus ij ......(i)
w w0 t
?kw.kZu xfr ds izFke lehdj.k %& ......(ii) ls lehdj.k (i) esa eku j[kus ij
t t t t dx x
0 w t dt w0 t dt 0 w0 dt tdt Note :-
0 0 0 0 x n 1
x dx
n

t n 1
t 11
w0 t
t
0
1 1
0
2

w t 0 t 2 0 1
w0t t 2
2
b
x n 1
b

a
0
xn
dx n 1
q

w 2
w0 2
2

3- ?kw.kZu xfr ds r`rh; lehdj.k dk fuXeu %&
w w0 t
ge tkurs gSA ?kw.kZu xfr ds izFke lhdj.k ls .....(i) nksuksa vksj dk oxZ djus ij A
2 2
2 2 1
w2 w0 t w2 w0 2t 2 2 w0t w w0 2 2 t 2w0t
2 2

1
w2 w0 2 w0t t 2
2

1 2
w2 w0 2
2 w0t 2 t
Proved

RAHUL CLASSES 8859227210 Page no:- 6

 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
tMRo vk?kw.kZ (Moment of Inertia ):- fdlh fi.M dk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ] ml fi.M
ds nzO;eku] rFkk
?kw.kZu v{k ls nwjh ds oxZ ds xq.ku QYkds cjkcj gksrk gSA bls I ls
iznfkZr djrs gSA
I mr 2
kgm2 foeh; lw= I = [ML2]
Proof :- ekuk m nzO;eku dk dksbZ fi.M] tks fd n d.kksa ls feydj cuk gqvk
gS] ftlds
m1 , m2 , m3 ,....mn
d.kksa ds nzO;eku dzek% gS] rFkk budh ewy fcUnq ls
nwfj;kWa
r1 , r2 , r3 ,....rn
dzek% gSA rc fi.M+ dk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
I m1r1 m2 r2 m3r3 ...... mn rn2
2 2 2
I Emr 2

I Mr 2
?kw.kZu f=T;k (Rotation Radius):- kgm2
I mk 2 k2 I / m k I /m
tgkW k= ?kw.kZu f=T;k m = nzO;eku I= fi.M dk
tMRo vk/kq.kZ
vr% fdlh fi.M dks ?kw.kZu f=T;k] ml fi.M ds tM+Ro vk/kw.kZ I rFkk fi.M ds nzO;eku m
ds vuqikr ds oxZ ewy ds O;qRdzekuqikrh
gksrk gSA
cky vk/kw.kZ (Force of momentum):- fdlh fi.M dk cy vk/kw.kZ] ml fi.M ij
yxus okys
cy ds ifjek.k rFkk ?kw.kZu v{k ls yECor~ nwjh ds xq.ku Qy ds cjkcj
' '
gksrk gsA bls ls iznfkZr
djrs gSA ekuk fdlh fi.M ij yxus okyk cy F gks] rFkk fi.M dh ?kw.kZu v{k
F r
ls yEcor nwjh r gksrks fi.M dk cy vk/kw.kZ cy yEcor~ njh
cy vk?kw.kZ ,d lfnk jkfk gSA bldk ek=d Newton met ( N m) gksrk gSA foeh; lw=

MLT 2 L ML2T 2
cy vk?kw.kZ rFkk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ esa lEca/k ( Relation between force of momentum and
moment of Inertia ) :-
ekuk M nzO;eku dk dksbZ fi.M n d.kksa ls feydj cuk gS] ftuds nzO;eku dek%
m1 , m2 , m3 ,.....mn
gSA rFkk budh ?kw.kZu v{k ls
r1 , r2 , r3 ,.....rn ' '
nwfj;kWa dek% gSA rFkk fi.M fu;r dks.kh; Roj.k ls ?kw.kZu xfr dj jgk gSA
a1 r1. a2 r2 . a3 r3 .
rc igy d.k ij mRiUUk Roj.k nwljs d.k ij Roj.k rhljs d.k ij Roj.k
an rn .
n osa d.k ij yxus okyk Roj.k ...... (i)
F1 m1a1 F2 m2 a2
rFkk igys d.k ij yxus okyk cy nwljs d.k ij yxus okyk cy rhljs d.k ij yxus
F3 m31a3
okys cy

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 RAHUL CLASSES
FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
Fn mn an
n os d.k ij yxus okyk cy ........... (ii)
F1 r1 F2 r2 F3 r3 ...... Fn rn
rc fi.M dk cy vk?kw.kZ ......... (iii)
lehdj.k (ii) ls (iii) esa eku j[kus ij
m1a1r1 m2 a2 r2 m3a3r3 ...... mn an rn a1 , a2 , a3 .......an
...... (iv) lehdj.k (i) ls ds eku j[kus ij
m1 r1 r1 m2 r2 r2 m3 r3 r3 ...... mn rn rn

m1r1 m2 r2 m3r3 ...... mn rn
2 2 3 2

mr 2 .I I .
vr% ?kw.kZu xfr djrs gq, fdlh fi.M dk cy vk/kw.kZu tM+Ro vk/kw.kZ (I) rFkk dks.kh; Roj.k
' '
ds xq.ku Qy ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
?kw.kZu xfrt tkZ (Ratation kinetic energy ) :- fdlh ?kw.kZu v{k ds ifjr% xfr djrs gq, fi.M ds
lehd.kksa dh xfrt tkZ dgrs gSA
Ekkuk M nzO;eku dk dksbZ fi.M gS] tks fd n d.kksa ls feydj cuk gqvk gSA ftuds nzO;eku
m1 , m2 , m3 ,.....mn
gSA rFkk budh ?kw.kZu v{k
r1 , r2 , r3 ,.....rn
Lks nwfj;kW adzek% gSA fi.M fu;r dks.kh; osx w ls ?kw.kZu xfr dj jgk gSA
v1 r1w v2 r2 w
Rkc fi.M ds igys d.k dk js[kh; osx nwljs d.k dk js[kh; osx n osa d.k dk
vn rn w
js[kh; osx ..... (i)
1 1 1 1
k m1v12 m2v22 m3v32 ....... mn vn2
2 2 2 2
Rkc fi.M dh dqy tkZ xfrt tkZ
1

k m1v12 m2v22 m3v32 ....... mn vn2
2

......... (ii) lehdj.k (i) ls eku j[kus ij
1
2

k m1 r1w m2 r2 w m3 r3 w ....... mn rn w
2 2 2

2 1

k w2 m1r12 m2 r22 m3r32 ....... mn rn2
2

k
1 2
2

w mr 2 k
1 2
2
w I k
1
2
Iw 2

vr% LiV gS] fd fdlhfi.M dks ?kw.kZu xfrt tkZ] ml fi.M ds tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ (I) , rFkk
dks.kh; (w) ds oxZ ds xq.ku Qy ds vk/ks
ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
dks.kh; laosx (Angular momentum):- js[kh; laosxksa ds vk?kw.kksa ds ;ksx dks dks.kh; gSA
'J'
bls ls iznfkZr djrs gSA ekuk ?kw.kZu xfr
djrs gq, fdlh fi.M dk nzO;eku m rFkk js[kh; laosx p gks rFkk ?kw.kZu f=T;k r vksj js[kh;
osx v gksrks dks.kh; laosx A
J P.r mvr
unit J= kg m/secm = kg m2/sec foeh; lw= J = [M][LT-1][L] J = [ML2T-1]
dks.kh; laosx rFkk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ esa lEca/k (Relation between angular momentum and
moment of Inertia) :-

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ekuk m nzO;eku dk dksbZ fi.M n d.kksa ls feydj cuk gqvk gSA ftuds nzO;eku dek%
m1 , m2 , m3 ,.....mn
gSA rFkk ?kw.kZu f=T;k,sa
r1 , r2 , r3 ,.....rn
dzek% gSA fi.M fu;r dks.kh; osx w ls ?kw.kZu xfr dj jgk gSA
1 r1w 2 r2 w
rks igys d.k dk js[kh; osx nwljs d.k dk js[kh; osx n os d.k dk js[kh; osx
n rn w
...... (i)
p1 m1v1 p2 m2v2
rFkk d.k dk js[kh; losx nwljs d.k dk js[kh; losx n os d.k dk js[kh; losx
pn mn vn

J p1 r1 p2 r2 p3 r3 .... pn rn
rc fi.M dk dqy dks.kh; losx .......(iii)
J m1v1r1 m2v2 r2 .... mn vn rn
lehdj.k (ii) esa eku j[kus ij ...........(iv)
J m1 r1w r1 m2 r2 w r2 .... mn rn w rn
lehdj.k (i) ls eku j[kus ij

J w m1r1 m2 r2 .... mn rn J w mr 2 J w I J I .w
2 2 2

fdlh fi.M dk dks.kh; laosx] ml fi.M ds tM+Tovk?kw.kZ I rFkk dks.kh; osx ds xq.ku Qy ds
cjkcj gSA
dks.kh; laosx ifjorZu dh nj ( The rate of Angular momentum ) :-
ge tkurs gSA dks.kh; laosx rFkk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ esa lEca/k J = I.W ....... (i)
dJ dw dJ
I. I .
dt dt dt
lehdj.k dk t ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij ....... (ii)
I .
ge tkurs gSA cy vk?kw.kZ rFkk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ esa lEca/k ........(iii) lehdj.k (ii) o
(iii) dh rqyuk djus ij
dJ

dt
vr% LiV gS fd fdlh fi.M ds dks.kh; laosx ifjorZu dh nj] okg; cy vk?kw.kZ ds cjkcj
gksrh gSA
dks.kh; laosx laj{k.k dk fl}kUr (Conservation law of angular momentum ):-
dJ dJ
0
dt 0 dt dJ 0
ge tkurs gSAdks.kh; laosx ifjorZu dh nj ;fn gks rks lekdyu
djus ij
dJ 0
J = Constant = Iw
vr% LiV gS fd ;fn ?kw.kZu xfr djrs gq,] fi.M ij yxusa okyk okg; cy vk?kw.kZ kwU; gks rks]
fi.M dk dks.kh; laosx fu;r jgrk gSA
;gh dks.kh; laosx laj{k.k dk fl}kUr dgykrk gSA
I1w1=I2w2
dqN vfu;fer vkdkj dks oLrqvksa ds fy, tM+Ro vk?
kw.kZ %&
1- Bksl iRkyh ds fy, (Thin rod) :- ekuk m nzO;eku rFkk l
yEckbZ dh NM+]ds
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nzO;eku dsUnz c ls xqtjus okyh v{k ds ifjrk tM+Ro
ml 2
I 2
l
vk?kw.kZ
2- vk;rkdkj iVy (Rectangular lamina ):- ekuk m nzO;eku dk l yEckbZ o
b pkSM+kbZ dk dksbZ vk;rkdkj iVy gSA ftlds nzO;eku

dsUnz c ls xqtjus okyh v{k ds ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ

l 2 b2
I m 2
1
kgm2
3- o`rkdkj oy; (Circular ring):- ekuk m nzO;eku R f=T;k dks o`kkdkj
oy; gSA dsUnz ls yEcor~ v{k ds ifjr% xqtjus okyk
I mR2
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
4- o`kkdkj fMLd (Circular disk) :- ekuk m nzO;eku rFkk R
f=T;k dks o`kkdkj
fMLd gS] ftlds nzO;eku dsUnz ls yEcor~ xqtjus okyh
1
I mR 2
2
v{k ds ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
5- Bksl csyu (Solid cylinder) :- ekuk dksbZ Bksl csyu ftldk nzO;eku m,
yEckbZ l o f=T;k R gks] dks T;kferh; v{k ds ifjr%
1
I mR2
2
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
6- [kks[kyk osyu (Hallow cylinder ):- ekuk m nzO;eku yEckbZ o R f=T;k dkk
dksbZ [kks[kyk csyu gSA
ftlds T;kferh; v{k ds
I mR2
Ikfjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
7- Bksl xksyk (Solid sphere):- ekuk m nzO;eku rFkk R f=T;k
dk dksbZ Bksl xksyk gS] ftlds ?kw.kZu v{k ds ifjr%
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
2
I mR 2
5 kg m 2

8- [kks[kyk xksyk xksyh; dksk (Hallow sphere or spherical cell ) :-

Ekkuk m nzO;eku rFkk R f=T;k dk dksbZ [kks[kyk xksyk gS]
2
I mR 2
5 kg m 2
ftlds ?kw.kZu v{k ls tkus okyh v{k ds ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ lEca/kh izes; %& tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ lEca/kh nks izes; gSA
1- lekUrj v{k dh izes; (Theorem of parallel axis )
2- yEcor~ v{k dh izes; (Theorem of perpendicular axis)
1- lekUrj v{k dh izes; (Theorem of parallel axis ) :- fdlh fi.M dk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ I, nzO;eku
dsUnz C ls tkus okyh v{k ds ifjr%
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ Icm rFkk fi.M ds nzO;eku ,so nksuks v{kksa ds chp dh nwjh ds oxZ ds
xq.ku Qy ds [m.a2]ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
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I Icm ma2
tgkWa m fi.M dk nzO;ku rFkk a nksuksa lekUrj v{kksa ds chp dh nwjh gSA
Proof :- Ekkuk m nzO;eku c nzO;eku dsUnz dksbZ lery iVy gSA
blesa AB v{k ds
ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ I rFkk nzO;eku dsUnz ls Tkus okyh v{k
ds ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ Icm gSA
bu v{kksa ds chp dh nwjh gSA rc m nzO;eku ds fdlh v{k dk DE
v{k ds ifjr%
I m(r a ) 2 m( r 2 a 2 2mra)
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
I Emr 2 Ema2 E 2mra I Icm Ema2 0

I Icm ma2
nzO;eku dsUnz ds ifjr% Emr vk?kw.kksa dk ;ksx
kwU; gksrk gSA
2- yEcor~ v{k dh izfjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ (Theorem of
perpendicular axis) :-
fdlh lery iVy esa yh x;h nks yEcor~ v{k ox rFkk oy ds ifjr%
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ
(Ix rFkk Iy) dks ;ksx] nksuksa v{kksa ds dVku fcUnq ls tkus
okyh yEcor~ v{k oz ds
Iz Ix I y
fijr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ (Iz) ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
Proof :- ekuk ,d lery iVy esa yh x;h nks yEcor~ v[k ox rFkk oy gS]
ftlesa fLFkr m nzO;eku ds d.k] ftldh nzO;eku dsUnz o Lks nsjh r gSA ds ifjr%
I z Emr 2
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ rc op ds fijr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ .......(i)
r x y
2 2 2
I z Em( x y )
2 2
I z Emx Emy
2 2 Iz Ix I y
tgkWa proved

vkur ry ij fcuk fQlys yq<drs gq, fi.M dh krZ %&

ekuk dks.k ij >qdk gqvk ry gS] ftl ij R f=T;k rFkk C
nzO;eku dsUnz okyk
fi.M yq<dus ds fy, iszfjr gSA ftldk nzO;eku m gSA fi.M dk Hkkj
mg uhps dh
vksj dk;Zdjrk gSA rc Hkkj mg ds nks ?kVd djus ij %&
mg cos
1- fi.M ds Hkkj dk ?kVd vfHkyEc izfrfdz;k N ds cjkcj rFkk
N mg cos 0
foijhr gSA ......(i)
mg sin
2- rFkk Hkkj dk ?kVd ] ?kkZ.k cy Fs, ds foijhr~ fnkk esa uhps dh
vksj dk;Z djrk gS] rCk uhps dh vksj Roj.k o dk;Z djrk gSA
mg sin Fs M .a
........(ii) tc fi.M yq<+drk gS rks LFkSfrd ?kkZ.k cy Fs ] fi.M ij cy vk?kw.kZ

mRiUUk djrk gSA

I . Ia Ia
Fs. 2 Fs. 2
Fs.R I . R R R
.......(iii) Fs dk eku lehdj.k (ii) esa eku j[kus ij
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FOUNDATION FOR IIT-JEE,AIEEE, AIPMT,RPMT,RPET
mg sin
a
I .a Ia I I
mg sin M .a mg sin M .a mg sin a m 2 m 2
R2 R2 R R

mg sin g sin
a
k
2
k2
m 1 2 1 2
1 Mk 2 R R
gksrks .......(iv)
1 k2 1
MR 2 R2 2
I M .k 2 2
1- ;fn yq<dus okyk fi.M Bksl flfy.Mj gks rks %&
g sin
1 2 2
1 g sin a g sin
2 3 3
Lkehdj.k (iv) esa j[kus ij
1 2
MR 2 g sin
1
Fs 2 3
2
Fs mg sin
R 3
rFkk LFkSfrd vkZ.kcy ;g fi.M ds yq<+dus ds fy,
vko;d ?kkZ.k cy gSA
1 1 1sin 1
s.N mg sin s.mg cos mg sin s s tan
3 3 3 cos 3
;g ?kkZ.k xq.kkad dk
U;wuRe eku gSA

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