BOHRS THEORY AND PHYSICS OF ATOM

CHAPTER 43
0 h2 A 2 T 2 (ML2 T 1 )2 M2L4 T 2
1. a0 = 2
L
me 2 2
L MLT M(AT) 2
M2L3 T 2
a0 has dimensions of length.
7 2 2
2. We know, 1/ = 1.1 10 (1/n1 1/n2 )
a) n1 = 2, n2 = 3
7
or, 1/ = 1.1 10 (1/4 1/9)
36 7
or, = = 6.54 10 = 654 nm
5 1.1 107
b) n1 = 4, n2 = 5
7
1/ = 1.1 10 (1/16 1/25)
400 7
or, = = 40.404 10 m = 4040.4 nm
1.1 107 9
7
for R = 1.097 10 , = 4050 nm
c) n1 = 9, n2 = 10
7
1/ = 1.1 10 (1/81 1/100)
8100 7
or, = = 387.5598 10 = 38755.9 nm
19 1.1 107
7
for R = 1.097 10 ; = 38861.9 nm
3. Small wave length is emitted i.e. longest energy
n1 = 1, n2 =
1 1
a) R 2 2
n
1 n 2

1 1 1
1.1 107
1
1 1
10 7 = 0.909 10 = 90.9 10 = 91 nm.
7 8
= 7

1.1 10 1.1
1 1
b) z2R 2 2
n1 n2
1 91 nm
= = 23 nm
1.1 10 7 z2 4
1 1
c) z2R 2 2
n
1 n 2

91 nm 91
= = 10 nm
z2 9
me 4
4. Rydbergs constant =
8h3 C02
31 19 34 8 12
me = 9.1 10 kg, e = 1.6 10 c, h = 6.63 10 J-S, C = 3 10 m/s, 0 = 8.85 10
9.1 1031 (1.6 10 19 )4 7 1
or, R = = 1.097 10 m
8 (6.63 10 34 )3 3 108 (8.85 10 12 )2
5. n1 = 2, n2 =
13.6 13.6 1 1
E = 2
2
13.6 2 2
n1 n2 n1 n2
= 13.6 (1/ 1/4) = 13.6/4 = 3.4 eV

43.1
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
2 2 2
0h n 0.53n
6. a) n = 1, r = A
mZe2 Z
0.53 1
= = 0.265 A
2
13.6z2 13.6 4
= = 54.4 eV
n2 1
0.53 16
b) n = 4, r = = 4.24 A
2
13.6 4
= = 3.4 eV
164
0.53 100
c) n = 10, r = = 26.5 A
2
13.6 4
= = 0.544 A
100
7. As the light emitted lies in ultraviolet range the line lies in hyman series.
1 1 1
R 2 2
n1 n2
1 7 2 2
9
= 1.1 10 (1/1 1/n2 )
102.5 10
109 102
1.1 107 (1 1/ n22 ) 1.1 107 (1 1/ n22 )
102.5 102.5
1 100 1 1 100
1 2 2
n2 102.5 1.1 n2 102.5 1.1
n2 = 2.97 = 3.
8. a) First excitation potential of
+ 2
He = 10.2 z = 10.2 4 = 40.8 V
++
b) Ionization potential of L1
2
= 13.6 V z = 13.6 9 = 122.4 V
9. n1 = 4 n2 = 2
n1 = 4 3 2
1 1 1
1.097 107
16 4
1 1 4 1.097 107 3
1.097 107
16 16
16 10 7 7
= = 4.8617 10
3 1.097
9
= 1.861 10 = 487 nm
n1 = 4 and n2 = 3
1 1 1
1.097 107
16 9
1 9 16 1.097 107 7
1.097 107
144 144
144
= = 1875 nm
7 1.097 107
n1 = 3 n2 = 2
1 1 1
1.097 107
9 4

43.2
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
7
1 49 1.097 10 5
1.097 107
36 66
36 10 7
= = 656 nm
5 1.097
10. = 228 A
hc 6.63 1034 3 108 16
E= = = 0.0872 10
228 10 10
The transition takes place form n = 1 to n = 2
2 16
Now, ex. 13.6 3/4 z = 0.0872 10
2 0.0872 10 16 4
z = = 5.3
13.6 3 1.6 10 19
z = 5.3 = 2.3
The ion may be Helium.
q1q2
11. F =
40r 2
[Smallest dist. Between the electron and nucleus in the radius of first Bohrs orbit]
(1.6 10 19 ) (1.6 10 19 ) 9 109 9 8 8
= = 82.02 10 = 8.202 10 = 8.2 10 N
(0.53 10 10 )2
12. a) From the energy data we see that the H atom transists from binding energy of 0.85 ev to exitation
energy of 10.2 ev = Binding Energy of 3.4 ev.
0.85 eV
So, n = 4 to n = 2
7 1.5 eV
b) We know = 1/ = 1.097 10 (1/4 1/16)
3.4 eV
16 7
= = 4.8617 10 = 487 nm. 13.6 eV
1.097 3 107
13. The second wavelength is from Balmer to hyman i.e. from n = 2 to n = 1
n1 = 2 to n2 = 1
1 1 1
R 2 2
n
1 n 2

1 1 1 1
1.097 107 2 2 1.097 107 1
2 1 4
4
10 7
1.097 3
7 9
= 1.215 10 = 121.5 10 = 122 nm.
13.6
14. Energy at n = 6, E = = 0.3777777
36
Energy in groundstate = 13.6 eV
Energy emitted in Second transition = 13.6 (0.37777 + 1.13)
= 12.09 = 12.1 eV
b) Energy in the intermediate state = 1.13 ev + 0.0377777
13.6 z2 13.6
= 1.507777 = 2

n n2
13.6
or, n = = 3.03 = 3 = n.
1.507
15. The potential energy of a hydrogen atom is zero in ground state.
An electron is board to the nucleus with energy 13.6 ev.,
Show we have to give energy of 13.6 ev. To cancel that energy.
Then additional 10.2 ev. is required to attain first excited state.
Total energy of an atom in the first excited state is = 13.6 ev. + 10.2 ev. = 23.8 ev.
43.3
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
nd
16. Energy in ground state is the energy acquired in the transition of 2 excited state to ground state.
nd
As 2 excited state is taken as zero level.
hc 4.14 10 15 3 108 1242
E= = 27 ev.
1 46 10 9 46
Again energy in the first excited state
hc 4.14 10 15 3 108
E= = 12 ev.
II 103.5
17. a) The gas emits 6 wavelengths, let it be in nth excited state.
n(n 1) th
= 6 n = 4 The gas is in 4 excited state.
2
n(n 1)
b) Total no.of wavelengths in the transition is 6. We have = 6 n = 4.
2
nh 2 nh hn
18. a) We know, m r = mr w = w=
2 2 2 m r 2
1 6.63 10 34 17 17
= = 0.413 10 rad/s = 4.13 10 rad/s.
2 3.14 9.1 10 31 (0.53)2 10 20
19. The range of Balmer series is 656.3 nm to 365 nm. It can resolve and + if / = 8000.
656.3 365
No.of wavelengths in the range = = 36
8000
Total no.of lines 36 + 2 = 38 [extra two is for first and last wavelength]
20. a) n1 = 1, n2 = 3, E = 13.6 (1/1 1/9) = 13.6 8/9 = hc/
13.6 8 4.14 1015 3 108 4.14 3 10 7 7
or, = 1.027 10 = 103 nm.
9 13.6 8
b) As n changes by 2, we may consider n = 2 to n = 4
1242
then E = 13.6 (1/4 1/16) = 2.55 ev and 2.55 = or = 487 nm.

V0
21. Frequency of the revolution in the ground state is
2r0
[r0 = radius of ground state, V0 = velocity in the ground state]
V0
Frequency of radiation emitted is =f
2r0
C2r0
C = f = C/f =
V0
C2r0
= = 45.686 nm = 45.7 nm.
V0
5
22. KE = 3/2 KT = 1.5 KT, K = 8.62 10 eV/k, Binding Energy = 13.6 (1/ 1/1) = 13.6 eV.
According to the question, 1.5 KT = 13.6
5
1.5 8.62 10 T = 13.6
13.6 5
T= = 1.05 10 K
1.5 8.62 10 5
+
No, because the molecule exists an H2 which is impossible.
5
23. K = 8.62 10 eV/k
K.E. of H2 molecules = 3/2 KT
Energy released, when atom goes from ground state to no = 3
13.6 (1/1 1/9) 3/2 KT = 13.6(1/1 1/9)
5 13.6 8
3/2 8.62 10 T =
9
5 4 4
T = 0.9349 10 = 9.349 10 = 9.4 10 K.
43.4
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
8
24. n = 2, T = 10 s
me 4
Frequency =
402n3h3
4o2n3h3 4 (8.85)2 23 (6.63)3 10 24 10 102
So, time period = 1/f =
me 4
9.1 (1.6) 4
10 76
19
= 12247.735 10 sec.
10 8 5
No.of revolutions = = 8.16 10
12247.735 10 19
6
= 8.2 10 revolution.
25. Dipole moment ()
= n i A = 1 q/t A = qfA
me 4 me5 ( r02n2 )
= e ( r02n2 )
402h3n3 402h3n3
(9.1 10 31 )(1.6 10 19 )5 (0.53)2 10 20 1
=
4 (8.85 10 12 )2 (6.64 10 34 )3 (1)3
20 24 2
= 0.0009176 10 = 9.176 10 A-m.
e me 4 rn2n2
26. Magnetic Dipole moment = n i A =
402h3n3
nh
Angular momentum = mvr =
2
Since the ratio of magnetic dipole moment and angular momentum is independent of Z.
Hence it is an universal constant.
e5 m r02n2 2 (1.6 10 19 )5 (9.1 10 31 ) (3.14)2 (0.53 10 10 )2
Ratio =
240h3n3 nh 2 (8.85 1012 )2 (6.63 10 34 )4 12
10
= 8.73 10 C/kg.
1242
27. The energies associated with 450 nm radiation = = 2.76 ev
450
1242
Energy associated with 550 nm radiation = = 2.258 = 2.26 ev.
550
The light comes under visible range
Thus, n1 = 2, n2 = 3, 4, 5,
2 2
E2 E3 = 13.6 (1/2 1/3 ) = 1.9 ev
E2 E4 = 13.6 (1/4 1/16) = 2.55 ev
E2 E5 = 13.6 (1/4 1/25) = 2.856 ev
Only E2 E4 comes in the range of energy provided. So the wavelength corresponding to that energy
will be absorbed.
1242
= = 487.05 nm = 487 nm
2.55
487 nm wavelength will be absorbed.
28. From transitions n =2 to n =1.
E = 13.6 (1/1 1/4) = 13.6 3/4 = 10.2 eV
Let in check the transitions possible on He. n = 1 to 2
E1 = 4 13.6 (1 1/4) = 40.8 eV [E1 > E hence it is not possible]
n = 1 to n = 3
E2 = 4 13.6 (1 1/9) = 48.3 eV [E2 > E hence impossible]
Similarly n = 1 to n = 4 is also not possible.
n = 2 to n = 3
E3 = 4 13.6 (1/4 1/9) = 7.56 eV

43.5
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
n = 2 to n = 4
E4 = 4 13.6 (1/4 1/16) = 10.2 eV
As, E3 < E and E4 = E
Hence E3 and E4 can be possible.
29. = 50 nm
Work function = Energy required to remove the electron from n1 = 1 to n2 = .
E = 13.6 (1/1 1/) = 13.6
hc
13.6 = KE

1242
13.6 = KE KE = 24.84 13.6 = 11.24 eV.
50
30. = 100 nm
hc 1242
E= = 12.42 eV
100
a) The possible transitions may be E1 to E2
E1 to E2, energy absorbed = 10.2 eV
Energy left = 12.42 10.2 = 2.22 eV
hc 1242
2.22 eV = or = 559.45 = 560 nm

E1 to E3, Energy absorbed = 12.1 eV
Energy left = 12.42 12.1 = 0.32 eV
hc 1242 1242
0.32 = or = = 3881.2 = 3881 nm
0.32
E3 to E4, Energy absorbed = 0.65
Energy left = 12.42 0.65 = 11.77 eV
hc 1242 1242
11.77 = or = = 105.52
11.77
b) The energy absorbed by the H atom is now radiated perpendicular to the incident beam.
hc 1242
10.2 = or = = 121.76 nm
10.2
hc 1242
12.1 = or = = 102.64 nm
12.1
hc 1242
0.65 = or = = 1910.76 nm
0.65
31. = 1.9 eV
a) The hydrogen is ionized
n1 = 1, n2 =
2 2
Energy required for ionization = 13.6 (1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6
hc
1.9 = 13.6 = 80.1 nm = 80 nm.

b) For the electron to be excited from n1 = 1 to n2 = 2
2 2 13.6 3
E = 13.6 (1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6(1 ) =
4
hc 13.6 3
1.9 = 1242 / 12.1 = 102.64 = 102 nm.
4
32. The given wavelength in Balmer series.
The first line, which requires minimum energy is from n1 = 3 to n2 = 2.
The energy should be equal to the energy required for transition from ground state to n = 3.
i.e. E = 13.6 [1 (1/9)] = 12.09 eV
Minimum value of electric field = 12.09 v/m = 12.1 v/m

43.6
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
33. In one dimensional elastic collision of two bodies of equal masses.
The initial velocities of bodies are interchanged after collision.
Velocity of the neutron after collision is zero.
Hence, it has zero energy.
34. The hydrogen atoms after collision move with speeds v1 and v2.
mv = mv1 + mv2 (1)
1 1 1
mv 2 mv12 mv 22 E (2)
2 2 2
2 2
From (1) v = (v1 + v2) = v12 v 22 2v1v 2
2
From (2) v = v12 v 22 2E / m
2E
= 2v1v 2 (3)
m
(v1 v 2 )2 (v1 v 2 )2 4v1v 2
2
(v1 v2) = v 4E/m
For minimum value of v
2
v1 = v2 v (4E/m) = 0
2 4E 4 13.6 1.6 10 19
v =
m 1.67 10 27
4 13.6 1.6 10 19 4
v= 27
= 7.2 10 m/s.
1.67 10
2
35. Energy of the neutron is mv .
2
The condition for inelastic collision is mv > 2E
2
E = mv
E is the energy absorbed.
Energy required for first excited state is 10.2 ev.
E < 10.2 ev
2 4 10.2
10.2 ev < mv Vmin = ev
m
10.2 1.6 1019 4 4
v= = 6 10 m/sec.
1.67 10 27
36. a) = 656.3 nm
hc 1 h 6.63 10 34 25 27
Momentum P = E/C = = = 0.01 10 = 1 10 kg-m/s
c 656.3 10 9
27 27
b) 1 10 = 1.67 10 v
v = 1/1.67 = 0.598 = 0.6 m/s
27 2 0.3006 10 27 9
c) KE of atom = 1.67 10 (0.6) = 19
ev = 1.9 10 ev.
1.6 10
37. Difference in energy in the transition from n = 3 to n = 2 is 1.89 ev.
Let recoil energy be E.
2 2 19
me [V2 V3 ] + E = 1.89 ev 1.89 1.6 10 J
1 2187 2 2187 2
9.1 1031
19
E = 3.024 10 J
2 2 3
19 25
E = 3.024 10 3.0225 10
38. n1 = 2, n2 = 3
Energy possessed by H light
2 2
= 13.6 (1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6 (1/4 1/9) = 1.89 eV.
For H light to be able to emit photoelectrons from a metal the work function must be greater than or
equal to 1.89 ev.
43.7
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
39. The maximum energy liberated by the Balmer Series is n1 = 2, n2 =
2 2
E = 13.6(1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6 1/4 = 3.4 eV
3.4 ev is the maximum work function of the metal.
40. Wocs = 1.9 eV
The radiations coming from the hydrogen discharge tube consist of photons of
energy = 13.6 eV.
+
Maximum KE of photoelectrons emitted
= Energy of Photons Work function of metal.
= 13.6 eV 1.9 eV = 11.7 eV
41. = 440 nm, e = Charge of an electron, = 2 eV, V0 = stopping potential.
hc 4.14 10 15 3 108
We have, eV0 2eV eV0
440 10 9
eV0 = 0.823 eV V0 = 0.823 volts.
24
42. Mass of Earth = Me = 6.0 10 kg
30
Mass of Sun = Ms = 2.0 10 kg
11
Earth Sun dist = 1.5 10 m
nh 2 2 2 n2h2
mvr = or, m v r = (1)
2 42

GMeMs Mev 2 2
or v = GMs/r (2)
r2 r
Dividing (1) and (2)

2 n2h2
We get Me r =
42GMs
for n = 1

h2 138 138
r= = 2.29 10 m = 2.3 10 m.
4 GMsMe2
2

2 Me2 r 4 2 G Ms 74
b) n = = 2.5 10 .
h2
nh
43. meVr = (1)
z
GMnMe me V 2 GMn
2
2 (2)
r r r
Squaring (2) and dividing it with (1)
m2e v 2r 2 n2h2r 2 n2h2r n2h2r
2
2
me r = 2
r=
4 Gmn 4 Gmn 4 Gmnme2
2

nh
= from (1)
2rme
nh4 2 GMnM2e 2GMnMe
= 2 2
=
2Me n h nh
1 1 (2GMnMe )2 42 G2Mn2M3e
KE = me V 2 me
2 2 nh 2n2h2
GMnMe GMnMe 42GMnM2e 42G2Mn2M3e
PE =
r n2h2 n2h2
22 G2Mn2M3e
Total energy = KE + PE
2n2h2
43.8
 Bohrs Theory and Physics of Atom
44. According to Bohrs quantization rule
nh
mvr =
2
r is less when n has least value i.e. 1
nh
or, mv = (1)
2R
mv
Again, r = , or, mv = rqB (2)
qB
From (1) and (2)
nh
rqB = [q = e]
2r
2 nh
r = r = h / 2 eB [here n = 1]
2eB
nh
b) For the radius of nth orbit, r = .
2eB
nh mv
c) mvr = ,r=
2 qB
Substituting the value of r in (1)
mv nh
mv
qB 2
nheB
m2 v 2 [n = 1, q = e]
2
heB heB
v2 or v = .
2m2 2m2
45. even quantum numbers are allowed
n1 = 2, n2 = 4 For minimum energy or for longest possible wavelength.
1 1 1 1
E = 13.6 2 2 13.6 2 2 = 2.55
n
1 n 2 2 4
hc
2.55 =

hc 1242
= = 487.05 nm = 487 nm
2.55 2.55
46. Velocity of hydrogen atom in state n = u
Also the velocity of photon = u
But u << C
Here the photon is emitted as a wave.
So its velocity is same as that of hydrogen atom i.e. u.
According to Dopplers effect
1 u / c
frequency v = v 0
1 u / c
u
as u <<< C 1 q
c
1 u / c u u
v = v0 v 0 1 v = v 0 1
1 c c

43.9