[Ti Lod len 2 mie’ 8) aS, i Rees)Contributors Publisher Faculty of Built Eaviroqment 2 Universiny of New South Wales Executive advisers Brofessor james Weirk Dr scott Hawken Brofessor Karl Fischer Jodi Lawton (Lawron Design) ke Curateriat and Edtroriat: Wisteo: Ashtey Baketrmu Abdul Fabien Bin Razali Stephanie crimes FliSere Genedietus Kimleye Una No Jyothsna Dhileepan Jo) Jy Righe (Giver! Zsa Sivtrniiey GAiek) laweleep Shreragill (Mev) Wang 2ishou Graphic Design: Event Design: Abdul Fanum Bin Razol CSu'ste Thung Filbert Benedictus Ey Liling (Litgy LiFign (herryy RAtao Mijn (Ese) Cui Weitong «vyully Kuang Wenjte (Catvin> fu Xizne (Olver) Ben Vantet Sure valies Grins Wang ¥iter: (Connie) Wang Yuyeng Crang> wang Zishou Sponsarship: 3 RRigheel Gheorghts Image Editing and Ashley Bakeimun Photograph: Jyothsra Dhileepan day Production and ran Lt Coordination: AA eres: (vinta) Kimiee Uno Mg Zhu Shumin Gvtely AAtchoel Gheorghis Web and Social Media: Exhibition Design: Samuel Chekwulbe Osckwe Christian Vinuul NAichele Apricta RAlchele Apricia eu Jun gwen Gules Stephoante Grimes: Wang oi (alice) Huang Hanlin (Hortey) Zhang Suxin Jasmine) Wrong Mengniong Gor) Wang RAsngde Cates) Stn Yulin caracie) Ren Zinan «tare UDESOO10 Communication in Urban Design This core course extends students capabilities for acaphic, written and Verbal cormmunicatior: Eraugh the predictor Df the annual MUDD Folio, Exhibition and associated Public lecture — the Paul Reid Lecuure in Urban Design, The Bim Ls to critically reflect Upon and re-present the years. work of the MAUDD Program tn 2 creative, compelling format which contributes ta the design culture af Sueteety ‘Contact Professor James VVelrick Director, Urban Development E Design program Fel tel 29265 7532 Email: jweirick@unsweduau Faculty of Built Environment The University of New South Wales Sudney NSYW 2052, Australia Man. bO.Uns WedelPCM ou une roma rier oes LOPE Penance eye Meee ance al one tsa Wea Meenas participation, trial ond error and experience. A vision acts as a blueprint eee co nn urban landscapes through specific, eeu clea eur earin sec Ee Ren keen usa a eu Pere cece Cnc Pen UrRTU Mn ouke re ad Poets Pee eta OUy‘MUDD 21- ity Visions it ity Visions ll: Introduction Message from Professor Alec Tzannes ‘Message from the Program Director’ by James Weirick “Re-imagining the Harbour City: 9th Annual Paul Reid Lecture’ by Helen Lochhead City Visions Il Essays ‘MUDD, City Visions and Berlin’ by Karl Fischer ‘City Visions 1910 | 2010" by Harald Bodenschatz Method and Urban Design Essays “Method and Spatial Political Economy’ by Alexander R.Cuthbert “Processes and Categories of Urban Design’ by Jon Lang Central Sydney Studios ‘Overseas investors and the transformation of Central Sydney’ by Nigel Dickson. Serdanied Meare MS Rats Say hs, Wiegand Sais Gauche International Studio 2015-2016 ‘Innovative Cities and Creative Urban Design’ by John Zerby Sia rane |orernetiinneh Stiecles, “The Importance of Partnerships to Motivate and Realize Urban Change’ by Philip Enquist “The Obama Presidential Center and the South Side of Chicago’ by Dawveed Scully 04 06 os 10 12 16 20 2e 56CITY VISIONS II METHOD & DESIGN BENIN ACHCAIAR SRE: Heth infiericabuiged Relais “Der Kiez” and the Urban Masterplan’ by Felix Bentlin and Scott Hawken ‘Berlin since the Fall of the Wall’ by Karl Fischer ‘Kreuzberg and the International Building Exhibition 1987” by Jim Hudson International Studio Experience Eight Shakes «6 Alsivan Rarrh Biatier MUDD21 Class Student Profiles Urban Design Research Projects Alumni List Alumni Profiles Alumni Updates Acknowledgements Introduction to Exhibition ‘Sponsors 150 152 154 156 a Master of urban Development & Design 2015-2016‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Envisioning Cities: Method & Design CITY VISIONS Method & Design CITY VISIONS i: Method & Design ~ Belin | Chicago | Syoney {san exhibition showcasing the work of students inthe 2015-2016 UNSW Master of Urban Development & Design rogram (MUDD2! Six design studs form the CITY VISIONS, {WExhibition: one in Bern, one in Chicago, and four in Sydney. These are presented throughout the Folio in five chapters: () Bathurst Sweet Cross Axis, in Sydney; (2) Wynyard As, {in Sydney: (3) Chicago; (4) Bertn:(5) Studs in Urdan Form, ‘which explored international locations but washed in ‘Sudney, The sixth studio was held in Sydney in preparation {or travel ta Chicago and Berlin, Students explored diferent sites in Chicago and Bertin, and their work is presented as the introduction to Chapters 3 and 4. The CITY VISIONS I ‘exibition bul on the success ofthe 2013-2014 MUDDII CITY VISIONS | STADTVISIONEN Exhibition. The MUDDIS Exhibition, prepared onthe ass of stunning material from Technische Universitat (TU) Berlin, focused on the changing visions and ideas that shaped cities renowned for urban design ‘and planning in 1910 - anda century ater in 2010 ~ Berlin, Paris, Landon, Chicago ~ together vith companion stucies of Sydney and Conberra undertaken by students in the UNSW ‘MUDD Program. CITY VISIONS tt revisits Bertin, Chicago and Sydney, In each studio, design processes are emphasised ta highlight the ‘reacth of solutions avalable in urban development and {design and various methodalogical approaches that can lead to successful urban design frameworks, Within an overarching ‘framework of spatial paltcal economy, two cstinct design ‘methods were explored in relation to the chesen study areas. Insome cases, students were given speci sites to develop their scheme, while in ater cases, students were requised to ‘undertake a process of selecting the most appropriate sites for development ‘Stuolos took a conventional course starting with a detailed ‘analysis ofthe retevant city and relevant ste followed by the identification ofthe benef and te Issues or problems associated with each study area. Once the design principles trad been prepared, design development could be undertaken MAHaocs TeoRRe “ia DY Sydney figure (ground graphics Berlin gure ‘ground graphics Chicago figure (ground graphics ‘to generate the ideas and concepts to deliver the destred future outcome forthe sites in each stuo. The concepts were ‘tested through desk critiques, workshops and presentations Until 3 preferred design was developed, In one of the Sudney sucis,‘Stacies in Urban Form, ‘AUDO2I students eeced on urban design proposals from previous MUDD programs, which incided the cies of Henot Hong Kang, Bejing, Buenos Aires, ubal New York, Barcelona, and Venice. After evaluating each citys progress and develipment since the orginal MUDD design proposal, ‘MUDD2I students created a new urban design framework for the relevant sites in each city. This study examine in which ‘ways urban design propasals fer significantly depending onfoctors tke cy cuture, density identity, devetonment potential, and historic context but also how concepts change ‘ver ime to respond to evolving issues By working with different design approaches across the {ear, students developed skills required in the process of Creating and communicating a vision fr their projects ~ and ‘then to design strategies to realise this vison, Methods of tran design beeame citical~ not just the design solution itself, but the methodological pracess that determines which design abjectives govern the development of a site. In this ‘way, CITY VISIONS I shares the concept of CITY VISIONS | STADTVISIONEN by investigating the pracess ty wich such vislans are achieved. ‘The central themes dentihed inthe City Visions approach {or the periad around I9NO such as "The Big Plan’, “The ‘Monumental City Centre” and *New Models for Dense Urban Living” are reinterpreted in equivalent early 2Ist century themes of “thematic windows" such as "The Strategic Pian", “The New City Centre” and "Renewal af Working Class Neighbourhoods” Such visions only gaia traction in ‘the development cuture ofa cty if there isa robust method by which t etique and impalement the design vision. The emphasis on methad and urban design is explored in each ‘MUDD2I studio this year.Diagram showing different ‘Method and Design’ explorations inthe process of proposing urvan design projects accoss the stucios ‘The dlagram above highlights the diferent urban design methodologies tested across each studio outlines various stages of a conventional urban design process, Each stuslo followed a unique methodology by incising and omitting tfferent segments ofthe process. This taugit students haw altering the design process ~ even slightly - resulted ina tifferent depth af analysis and set of solutions. The end result in each studio was an urban design framework that addressed a given (or selected) ste. Varying the urban design methods along the way allowed for afferent breacts of analysis, research, ouservtion and community engagement. Taking ‘these intial studies and moving forwerd into a stratenic design process allowed students to test diferent sequences, paces of ‘thinking, and rationales before the design outcomes weve derived master of urban Development & Design 2015-2016 5‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Message from Professor Alec Tzannes = e y Professor Alec Teannes Urban Design is arguably the discipline at the heart of urban change. Itis the vehicle that translates urban research, policy, strategy and investment into tangible outcomes through design” Urtan Design is arquatiy the discipline a the hear of urban change. tis the vehicle tat translates urban research, policy, strategy and investment into tangible outcomes trough design integrating relevant aspects of uroan finance, potics and engineering in the process of slong urban futures, Urban Design i centered on the principle of harnessing through design the forces that shape cies for lnger term public benefit tis relatively nimble ciple with abroad perspective, equipped 10 improve places wen realistic opportunities arse to implement urban change. ‘Asa graduate of MUDD from UNSW your entry tothe world of urban design could at be better timed, The ole of cties inthe delivery ofa mare sustainable, equitable ‘and tvable planet i increasingly understood in Australia and in many other nations ‘throughout the world. idence in Australia for this observation includes a growing ‘appreciation in the media of the valve of urban communities as drivers af innovation ‘and as places fr a desirable lifestyle. Influential politicians ae also highlighting the role of cities in the economy of Australia andthe intrinsic value of urban design asa practical discipline to delver better urban outcomes. AS a consequence, new roles for turban designers in public enterprise to guide urban policy and design excellence are emerging, complementing conventional consultant career pathways. In the private sector, urban design thinking and methadolagy is expanding into ther disciplines. Urban Designs increasingly seen asa ‘knowledge partner’ to Cty Planning, Landscape Architecture, Architecture and Property Development amongst other professions Looking back aver twenty years ago tt was Professors Alexander Cuthbert, Jon Lang, Paul Reid and James Weirck supported ty then Assocate Professor Bruce Judd (om Professor of Architecture and Director of the Australian School of Architecture Desigo in our Facuity) who conceived the UNSW Urban Development & Design program, With great preslence, this academic team set the objective of delivering ‘rauates with distinctive sis relative to othes comparable programs to maximize Career prospects and create future leaders ofthe discipline ‘An example of thei prescience isthe inclusion of development tn the name of the ‘degree ta articulate the integral relationship between desiga asa process and the palltcal economy in which the process is undertaken To this day very few urban design programs in the world emphasise the concention af urban design as integra. ‘to the development process, an inter-denendency crucial ta effective leadership in ‘the implementation of urtan change. ‘Another point of distinction from inception vas the olobal perspective of the design studio, Since 1995 UNSW MUDD students have been introduced through international experiences ta eifferent cultural cantextsin citias from Asia tothe Americas, Europe the Middle East, Arica and the South Pacific ~ an impressive total of 44 Intemational Urban Design Studios to date. In this way the impact of varying paltcal economies in the process of undertaking the design of urban projects brings ‘focus the diverse range of sills required to equip our graduates for mare effective global careers. This year, for example, saw studio design courses undertaken in Berlin‘and Chicago, as well as Sydney, with outstanding learning experiences evident fram the resultant projects placed on exnisition at our gallery and documented inthe ‘MUDD21 Yearbook. Urban Design at UNSW continues to evolve under the cutstanding leadership of Professor James Weirck wth the support of Emeritus Professor Jon Lang, Emeritus Professor Alexander Cuthbert, Dr Scott Hawken and Visting Professorial Fellaw Dr Kart Fscher alongside leading urban thinkers 3s wel as designers from professional practice from Sydney and around the world, Reflecting te growing ole of ‘the discipline and the benefits ofinterdsciplinary learing unique to UNSW, opportunities to integrate advanced cigital technologies applies to urban conditions, easier pathways to double professional degrees linked to Landscape Architecture, Architecture and Planning as wel as easier entry from undergraduate degrees are now either available or being explared. Connections wit leading practices around the world and our alumni network also support aur students ‘nth global opportunites for employment on graduation. And the welcomed appoiniment of Pafessor Helen Lochhead, as the new Dean of Built Environment, herself a distinguished achitect, urban designer and landscape architect points to a Continuing poste trajectory for the MUDD program. MUDDS legacy is refected inthe grwing cohort of graduates working arcund the wodd and registering outstanding professional achievements. Through the advancemont of knouledge and te success of our aluran we see the evidence of our academic staffs contribution to more sustainable, equitable and ivable urban futures Ithas been a great privilege for me to serve at UNSW and to occasionally have the opportunity to partclgate in reviews of student work at MUDD. As isthe case with many who leave ‘the faculty, look forward to continuing my support forthe [MUDD program as well as Bult Environment mare generally, Including our alumni with whom my path frequently crosses, Itisthe excellence found inthe combination of academic ‘and alumni work that continues tobe my inspiration in the {quest ta contribute through design ta a better future forthe generations that follow. ‘Master of Urtan Develapment & Design 2015-2016 7‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Message from the Program Director Professor James Weisick We have taken a critical approach to ‘inclusive urban analysis’ by focusing on method and design, the interaction of analysis and synthesis which underpins the making of the urban project” ‘With the MUDD 21 theme ITY VISIONS Ii Method Design ~ Bertin Chicago Sydney the UNSW Master of Urban Development & Design Program feturns to urtan concepts and urtan realities explored two years ago in the STADTVISIONEN/CITY VISIONS presentation by the MUDOW9 class. This combined the STADTVISIONEN exhibition of rtcal projects a century apatin Bertin, Chicago, Paris London prepared at TU Berlin under the direction of Professor Dr Harald ‘Badenschatz with a companion tu of projects in Sydney and Canberra prepared at UNSW unde the direction of Professor Karl Fschar In. 2015-2016 through direct experience we have explored three ofthe cities documented inthe STADTVISIONEN/CITY VISIONS exibition ~ Bert, Chicago, Suey — returning again to the cefniton proposed by Or Alfoiso Vegara Gomezin his 2013 eld Lecture at UNSW: ‘Acty vision can be defined as a flexible language for sharing and augmenting the strengths of place. It isa living body af work resulting fram inclusive urban analysis, cic particigation, tial and error and experience. Avision acts as 2 blueprint for the creative transformation of urban landscapes through specif, implementable, high impact projects all the while complementing the more ‘taditionalproblem-solution madel of dealing with urban challenges. We have taken a critical approach to ‘inclusive urban analysis’ by focusing on method and design the interaction of analysis and synthesis which underpins the making of the urban project We see method operating n two levels. First asa theoretically {nformed integration of the material and symbolic dimensions of urban life through spatial formation and design intervention’ explored by Emeritus Professor Alexander Cuthbert in Understanding Cites: method and design (2010 and encapsulated in his *AUDD21 essay, Second as an explict presentation of terative decision-making with origins inthe rational design pracess, reviewed by Emeritus Professor jon Lang in Urbwn Designo typology of procedures and praducts(2005) and similarly encapsulated ins MUDD21 essay, We see the frst as providing the conceptual frame fr the second, Inthe 2015-2016 Bertin Intemational Suis hosted by our fiends t TU Bertin, the current css of supply ad demandin th housing market, exacerbated by the afk of refugees from war-torn countries ofthe Mile Eas, provided the conceptual frame for studes to consolidate and augment a tower-and-sid housing estate of the German Democratic Republic ea inthe middling cstrct of Prenctauer Berg, rojecin the mile ing farmed part ofa larger study of the 1862 Hobrecht Expansion Plan for Bern noted fr its squares and racial streets and, nthe past, otorous forts rental tarracks- the packed perimeter block Mietskasernen, NOW valued housing at ower occupancy rates, the perimeter block type ints modern ‘manifestation underpinned the Studio investigation of etica infil and housing affordabiity Inthe 2015-2016 Chicago Intemational Stuslo hosted bythe Global City Design Practice, Skidmore Owings E Merl, the reality of social and economic segregation inthe Cty of Chicago, endemic since the 1920s, provided the conceptual frame for ‘an inspirational project inthe Burner tradition of big plans’ and the Saul Alinsky‘tradition of urban activism: the Obama Presidential Center ‘asa catalyst for urban regeneration of the long-troubled neighbourhoods of Woodlawn and Washington Park on. the Sauth Side of Chicago. The Stueo critiqued the sites Under investigation by the Obama Foundation, which are contreversially located within two of the great parks ofthe city - Jackson Park and Washington Park - designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux i 1871. Instead, the Studio selected six alternative sites, each with a development | scenaria and urban desiga framework, together with a ‘method to choose among the sites based on explict values. ‘With innovation centres and creative clusters central to our ideas for Bein and Chicago, urban economistonn Zerby provides a thoughtful review ofthe concepts behind these Urban propastcns. In the transect stucies of Cenrat Sydney undertaken in Urban Design Studio 2 this year- ‘Bathurst Steet Cross Axis’ at Town Hall Station directed by Nigel Dickson in Semester {-Wynyerd Axis’ directed by Dr Scott Hawken in Semester 2 the dominance of Sudney inthe post-mining boom ‘ational economy anda consequent infiux of gloval capital. ‘tw the Sydney property scene provides the conceptual frame for stues of develonment capacity beyond the current controls and associated impacts on the public domain. The planned extension ofthe Sydney Metro through Central Suey, funded ty the NSW Government’ sale of the State's electilty assets, and construction of Light Rail down George Strect now underway provided the impetus for the Town Hell and Wynyard studies. In this, the MUDD2I Studios built on the MUDDI® STADTVISIONEN/CITY VISIONS documentation ofthe 1909 Sydney Royal Commission, ‘hich envisaged a 20th century city arganised around ral transport and commercial expansion Recommendations of the 1909 Royal Commission formed the basis of the Harbour Bridge/Cty Loop ral project ofthe inter-war years stil the fundamental infastructre of the Town Halland Wynyard sectors of Cental Sydney but about ta be transformed ty 2ist century transit systems. Continuing the CITY VISIONS theme, Urban Design Studio Tinthe 2lst year of the MUDD Program took a secand look at sites investigated aver the past twenty yearsin the International Stuoios we conducted inthe following cites: Hanolin 1996-1997, Hong Kong-Kowloon in 2000-2001, Beijing in 2005-2006, Buenos Aires in 2006-2007, Dubal in 2006-2007, New Yorkin 2011-2012, Barcelona in 2012-2013 and Venice in 2013-2014. ln re-rvestigating these ses from Sydney, changes in the imervening years — extensive or mincna ~ were factored into new ‘city visions! and new studles of urban form, The Intemational Urban Design Studios were once again the highlight af the MUDD experience in 2015-2016 and ‘We thank our hosts for introducing challenging projects to usin Berlin, Professor Dr-Ing. Angela Million of Technische Universitat Berlin: in Chicago, Philip Enquist FAIA, Leader ‘ofthe Global City Design Practice, Skidmare Owings & ‘Merrill For great work on our behalf as facilitators of the International Stubios we thank Professor Karl sche in Bera; and in Chicago, Andrew Balster, Executive Director, ARCHEWORKS and his team. ‘The Summer of 2015-2016 has been a period of significant ‘transformation nthe Faculty of Bult Environment with the retirement of Professor Alec Tzannes as Dean and the ‘appointment of our new Dean, architect and urban designer rafessor Helen Lachhead. We thank Professor Tanne {fo his leadership in the Faculty ove the past seven years ‘and his support of the MUDD Program, We took forward to ‘ontiaving our conversations wih him about the city and ‘urban design education in his new role as Emertus Professor, ‘We are delighted to welcome Professor Lochhead and are fruleged ta have her present the 2016 Reid Lecture as her Inaugural lecture at UNSW on the theme Re-Imagining the Harbour City: ‘We congratulate the MUDD2I students forthe creative achievement of City Visions It Method & Design: Bertin | Chicago | Sydney’ We extend appreciation to Dr Scott Hawken and jodt Lawton of Lawton Design fr the special efforts that made presentation ofthis work possible. Generous support for the MUDD2 Folio and Exhibition ‘and the 2016 Paul Reld Lecture n Urban Design has teen ‘rovided by our sponsors Uris, Bates Smart, GM Urban Design & Architecture, Group GSA, FJMT, HASSELL, johnson Fitton Walker, PTW, Stewart Architecture, AJ+C, Architects, COX architecture, MHN Design Union, Candalepas ‘Associates, Dickson Rothschil, Travers Ecology and Wolskt Coppin -tagether with special cantritution fram the Cansul- General ofthe Federal Republic of Germany, Sydney. Far this, we express our sincere thanks. ‘Master of Urtan Develapment & Design 2015-2016 910 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Re-imagining the Harbour City The 9th Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design “at key moments, these tensions [in competing agendas] have spawned civic awakening, discourse and demonstration that resulted in pivotal ‘transformation around the harbour” Sydney is one ofthe most extranndinary harbour citiesin ‘the world The cy hugs the figural 320 kilometre shoreline tofbays and inlets and i ringed withthe city’s most valued landscapes, cultural cons tnfastructure and development. ‘The early pattem of Syoney's development was driven uy the ‘geography of this drowned river valley and shaped its distinct form and character, of ridge top roads and street spurs that ‘un Gown to the water, of green headlands and protected bbays and anchorages, Despite the cys early focus on the harbour asa place of commerce, transport and industry, we hhave today our amazing legacy ofan accessible and green foreshore setting, This has been no accident but rather by design, Like all industrial and post-Industal elles, Sydney has had ‘to.deal with the tension of competing agendas throughout its history, economic growth versus envisonmental protection, pubic versus private interests, conservation versus renewal At key moments these tensions have saved civic Awakening discourse and demonstration that resulted in pvotal transformation around the harbour. An imperative to at, to challenge the status quo, has been bbome from both adversity, suc as the the outhreak of plague in the The Rocks at the turn of the 20th century and the Geclinein the manufacturing sector in the 1960s-705, as well as opportunity, such as successive technolog|cal innovations in shipping, and major events notably the Bicentennial and 2000 Olympics The provocateus of cic conselence around the future of Sydney Harbour have mast often been architects, planners, conservationists an the green movement, wha have not only challenged the revaling opinions but proposed alternative visions. ‘Many have been realized with the alignment af sucessve governments commitment to investn pubic policy 2nd projet of vision, substance and design intent. This has {esulted in signtcant urban projets that have shaped the foxm and identity of ourhacaour setting, Some conic, such as Sydney Opera House, others cscete but directed actions policies and projects ~ that cumulatively have resulted in ‘much more than the sum ofthe pats, such as our enviable necklace of foreshore parklands. The harbours enduring ‘esilence and beauty and value is argely cue to this commitment tothe public domain by successive State, City ‘and Locat Govemments, ‘More recently the drive to become a global city has more than ever before resulted in the importation of other ‘aravigms and a move to market ed infrastructure provision that has shifted the focus from public to private interests, {rom government as promoter to government as clint, with mixed resuts ‘The key ta maintaining the entity of Sydney Harbour {s to sustain the unique and particular, that is Syineys cache, The challenge isto ensure future development and ‘govemance around the harbour valve the cultural and exological prioritize quality planning and design of te built enviconment: and shave the harbour setting asa public place for the bent of al, This lecture will seek to llustrate through a sertes of case studies how thought leadership and vision, concerted public palcy planning and governance, together with cansidesed and brave design Interventions, have shaped Sydney into the ‘memorable harbour cy thatitis today. Speaker Profle Professor Helen Lochhead is an Australian architec, ‘urban and landscape designer and the new Dean of Built Environment at the University af New South Wales, Australia Prior to her appointment as Dean she held a number of Infuential postions in the NSW Government and the City ‘of Syeney including including Executive Directo roles ‘at Sysney Olympic Park Authority and Syoney Harbour Foreshore Authorlty, and was most recently deputy NSW Government Architect. Her career has focused on the inception, planning, design ‘and delivery of complex multicisciplinry projects and public works ranging from a 5-year city improvements program for the City of Sycney leading up to the 2000 Olympics to ‘major urvan renewal and waterfront projects. She has been, instrumental in shaping more majr precinets around Syxiney Harbour than most, including the transformation of Syoney ‘Olympic Park at Hamebush Bay fram sports precinct into ‘amixed-use community and parklands with envisonmentalcredentials that set new benchmarks. More recently she led the develament af 30-year plan forthe transformation cf Sydney Cove, the gateway to Sydney’ CBD and was instiumentalin setting a new strategic vision for Sydney Hartoue. Professor Lochhead maintains a high profilin the profession ‘and her professional cantibution fas been recognised through many industry awards including AIA and AILA Urtian Design and Sustainability Awards, the AVA Marion Mahonu Grifia Prize the NAWIC Vision Award for leadership inthe construction industry and the AIA NSW President’ Prize, High tevel appointments include the National Council ofthe ‘Australian Institute of Architects, Central Sydney Planning, Committee the ACT Planning and Land Council the NSW Heritage Coundl and competition juries and Design Review Panels across Australia, Allarea testament to her standing in the profession, ‘A graduate of both the University of Sydney and Columbia University in New York Professor Lochhead career has combined professional practice and teaching both in Australia and the United States, as an Adjunct Professor at {he University of Sydney and also as visting academic at Harvard, MT and Columbia Universities, In 2014-15 she Was also the Lincoln/Loeb Fellow atthe Graduate School (of Design at Harvard University and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, The Reid Lecture at UNSW In 2008, the Master of Uren Development & Design Progam instituted an annval lecture in Urtan Design named in honour of Professor Paul eld (1933-2001), Professor of Architecture atthe Univesity of New South Wales, 1985: 1998 and founcation memiver ofthe academic staf of the ‘MUDD Program. Incecent years, the Reid Lecture has teen the fustin the annual series of Utzon Lectures presented by the Faculty of Built Enviconment. The Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design, given each year by 3 distinguished speaker, presents erical aspects of the theory and practice of urian design, with an emphasis on current research and practice inthe fl Professor Helen Lochhead Dean of the Faculty of Built Environment Paul Rela graduate of the University of Auckland and the University af Michigan, had a distinguished career as an architect in New Zealand, the United States and England = working in the offices of leading mid-century modernists Enst Pschke, Antonin Raymond and Leslie Martin — before jaining the National Capital Development Commission in Canberra, where he served as Chief Architect, 1975-1983. In this period his work maved beyond architecture te embrace complex issues of urban desig inte New Towns of Canberra ‘and the Pariamentary Triangle, especially the latter where he was responsible for the fist Serious re-examination of Goffin design principles for the symbolic centr af the city and preparation ofthe design brief for the New and Permanent Parliament House. Paul Reld's work in Canberra in the NCOC years and as @ member of the National Captal Planning Authorty in the 1990s was supported by detailed research into the design history ofthe cy, which formes the basis of his definitive study, Conber Following Grif a design story of Austr National Capita, published posthumously in 2002, ACUNSW, Professor Reid was. key member of the campaign for an integrated design vision forthe Kensington campus ‘and served onthe Vice Chancelinrs Advisory Committee which oversaw implementation ofthe 1991 campus plan. Prepared by David Chesterman, this plan transformed the utiltaran, ad hac environment ofthe camaus into an inspiring senuence of spaces based on new patterns of pedestrian movement, rational space- defining architecture, active uses, elegant courtyards and unifying landscape. Professor Reis teaching in the School of Architecture ‘anu the MUDD Program was bath passionate andl deeply considered — a fusion of modernist commitment t frst principles and the humanist travtion, informed by a commanding knowledge of the worl of practice, is death in| 200} following a severe illness, tauched all wha knew him. ‘The inaugural Paul Reid Lecture, "Urton Design — the UNSW Experience: shaping the global city’ was delivered ty Professar Jon Lang on 12 March 2008 in Leighton Hall, Scientia ‘Master of Urtian Development & Design 2015-2016 N‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I MUDD, City Visions and Berlin Karl Fischer Professor Karl Fischer 12 In 2016, the MUDD program tins 21.As an outsider, wo has also been intermittent onthe inside fora number of years, | would ke wo take this opportunity t saya few words about my experience wit the program, While was iiilly simply impressed withthe quality ofthe work presente in the annual exhibitions and the Yearbook, twas only when took over the course during James Weick’ long service leave n 2012 that | was able to fully appreciate how the amazingly steep learning curve taken bythe students could bbe achieved. The answer lies in te structure and method a the course, which, beyond the immediate input by the xofessors that have created ts made un from the content, timing and qualtes ofthe aditlonal staf that come in at the appropiate poitin ime during the course to tach the equied digital and design skis. This bundle of methods hhas mature over 21 years. As outsides from Germany, my colleague Harald Badenschatz, who came to the MUDD collogiim in 20% and I were equally impressed withthe {quantity and quality af the work on esplay Set up and designed in 1995 by Professors Alexander Cuthbert, Bruce judd, on Lang, Paul Retd and james Weick, the MUDD course has developed an elaborate teaching strategy, which combines a consistent underlying structure with the integration of new perspectives and meth, combining tang-term contiaulty with the adoption of ew ‘approaches, selzing new opportunities. ‘case in polnt has been the approach behind the "Cty Visions” exhibition Following the impulses of my 2011 Paul Red lecture "Learning from Europe?” and the MUDD ‘excursion to Berlin later that year, the City Visions theme thecame a useful tool for teaching the 2012 MUDD course. structured the lsalay ofthe student work in March 204, This cambined the aiginal eiition canceived in Berlin and curated at UNSW with te students’ work on “City Visions in ‘Sydney and Canberra, and it was printed with the financial support of the Sydney Goethe Institute, This approach again formed the background far our excursion to Hamburg in 2013 and our second excursion to Bertin in November 2015, The “City Visions” exhibition was concerned with urhan development and urban design in four cities with focus on two periods - basically atthe turn of the two last Centuries. AS the following essay by Harald Bodenschatz points out, the year 1910 marked the emergence of urban Uesign as a new discipline. With Berlis Exhibition of *stédtebau” and, shortly afterwards, the London Towa Planning Conference, this was an international phenomenon, The names of the exhibitions already indicate afferences ‘between the approaches to urbanism which began to emerge around 1910, “Stéuteau", which we have been translating as “urban design’, isindeed different to "Town Planning” and“Urbanisma’; and te eflerences between the perspectives, foci and contioutions ofthe diferent disciplines that are involved in understanding and making the city at diferent levels ae a constant source of dynamic interaction, Within ‘MUDD and inthis yearbook, to, the polaties between the postions of Urtan Design and Spatial Polticl Economy are evidence ofthis. With respect tothe complex interaction ofthese approaches, Harald Bodenschatz spoke about urban design in his presentation atthe callaquium in 2014, and I reproduce the bullet points of his presentation: + Urban design implies a vision ofa better city anda critique ofthe exsting city. "Quality of urban design’ implies focusing on a beter city. The academic held ‘must encompass a range of anproaches, Including historical, sustainable, Intemational and interisciplinary dimensions. Uran design can only be reflected ty looking atthe past and looking atthe future. Often itis. reduced ta the present. + Looking atthe past: The city of today isan agglomeration of efferent Fistoric urban design concepts and has tobe understood inthis way, Looking atthe past alsa means ta research and understand whether something has worked or not, and why, Not only the praducts but also the history ofthe field ‘and urban design ideas, lessons and paracigms have to often teen Forgotten ~ despite best effarts at Universities and in professional cies. + Looking atthe future needs sme distance from contemporary uses — an urban design concept must allow change inthe future, change af uses, change of Users. This also means: partciation and functional concerns have ta be balanced by a bust, sustainable urban design concept + Looking abroad: Urban Design asa eld has always looked abroad ~ maybe more before World Wer than taday, Today, the international exchange of experience has ta be redeveloped. + Looking behind the gates: Urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture social sclences ete. must again bbecome interconnected, Above al, urban design as 2 tscipline must relntegrate knowledge of the dy, These positions are very much in tine with those of the ‘MUDD course, The following essay comments on the current situation of Berlin and the City Visions approach adopted by ‘the MUDD program. *,..the MUDD course has developed an elaborate teaching strategy, which combines a consistent underlying structure with the integration of new perspectives and methods, combining long-term continuity with the adoption of new approaches, seizing new opportunities” ‘Master of Urtan Develpment & Design 2015-2016 B‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I City Visions 1910 | 2010 Harald Bodenschatz Pe Professor Dr Harald Bowenschatz 4 Inthe uear 2010, the famous urban design exhibition held in Bera in 1910 ~ “Die Allgemeine Stadtetiau-Ausstellung’~ celebrated its 100th anniversary, This can be considered a ‘once-in-a-century event fr the discipline Der Stidtebau, \which can be translated as "urban design’, Around 1910 the ‘new dscipline of urvan design was established - above all {in England and in Germany, Immediately tt developed an international orientation. The challenges ofthe time were the ‘background for the creation of this oisciptine: housing misery, hard Social contrasts, increasing trafic problems and 2 freqmentation of communal authorities. The important alm of the new discipline was the rationalisation ofthe chaatically ‘growing urban region ofthe industrial society, The international Urban Design Exhibition 1910 was the fst important show af the new discipline “urtan design” nat ‘only in Europe. The young discipline old not only present itseif to the public forthe fust time, it was alsa the greatest show on urban design that had so far been held worldwide, ‘Approximately 65,000 visitors saw the exhibition. Within the same year, arts of the exhibition were shown in London. atthe famaus Town Planning Conference ofthe Rayal Institute of Brtish Architects, ‘Important parts ofthe exhibition featured the results of the urban design eompettin for Greater Bertin, ane ofthe ‘most important contemporary urban design comaetiions inthe world. The results of the competition encompassed ‘recommendations forthe thee large sections of the ‘metropolitan region: 4+ Fist proposals fra further recanfiguration af the city center a the dvection of a monumental city + Second, proposals for urvan alternatives to the hitherto ‘existing highly dense construction of tenements and ‘apartment blocks. + Thisd, proposals for new garden cls in the suburan are, ‘These thee sections of the ty region ~ the cy center, the inner elt andthe suburban periphery ~ were to be structured trough reorganizing and upatading the tong stance and commuter train system, Anew transportation Infrastructure alongside wide rata artetal roads and green spaces wereto sere the needs of arering the continually ‘groring metropolitan region. Inte suburban area the ia of the garden subura was of great importance ‘The results ofthe campetiton were however, nat a plea against the metropolis and forts esbandimert, but rather they were oriented towards improving and rationalizing the city, towards a better metropolts wth reformed urban blocks inthe ty center and with garden suburbs aranged around smaler centers in the suburban area, The Bern exibition‘made fundamental contributions forthe control ofthe rapidly exganiing cles curing the indusutal age. In this respect, it ‘was akeyj event inthe 20th century debate an urtan design during the 20th century, With the help ofthe international Urtan Design Exhibition in Bertin andthe Town Planning Conference of the Royol institute of Bish Architects, both in 1910, the dscpine of urban design was ntemationaly established ‘The exhitition ITY VISIONS created at TU Bertin by a team ‘hich ed aot only remember the heyday of urban design around 1910, butalsociscussed the tends of urban design around 2010, Today we til believe that good urban desi needs visions ofa tie, iveable metropolitan region Urban design visions have not atays Leen success a5 we have experienced quite a few times in the past century, They have often been reckless regarding exstng ces and thelr inhabitants. Overtime, we have comet reais that we ned visions which take the ideas and wishes of the people into Consideration Strong sions help to get the attention ofthe fui they are able to set poltical actos the muniigaty, the private sector academia and organisations of cv society into motion, They cn stimulate detates on ow to cope vith the challenge of cies today social exclusion imate ctiang, te weak postion of the public sector, sprawl, poor cesign quality of buildings and pubic spaces. Understanding histor and international experlence is key to finding {ood solutions forte future. This is another message ofthe CITY VISIONS exhibition. ‘The 1910 | 2OI0 exhibition Wdentited the most important thematic areasin urn planning and urban design fr Berlin, Pats, London and Chicago in 1910 as wel as 2010, ‘The German capital Bertin fs known, totay 25 Well as 100 (years ag0, 35 Laboratory to test new visions and wous of ‘making the city. The task then was to find answers tothe challenges of an ever faster growing cy ofthe industri ‘age. Todau, more than 100 years later Bertin presents itself ‘goin with an international view ~ as 3 madel metropolis inthe era of post-industrial society and climate change. In 1910 London was te Mecca ofthe garden city movement. ‘Then the aim was to decentalise the city. In 2010 London presented itself in a completely different way ~ as model of recentralsation of the succesful renassance ofthe centre The Pais cf 1910 was mainly influenced by the great visions and plans of Eugene Hénard. "Grand Paris" today shows signs of a new national utban development policy, the background of which was an intiatve of President Sarkozy. In Chicago the famous plan by Daniel Burnham to restructure the city that had been growing chaotically was introcuced in 1908, initiate by the Commercial Club of Chicago. With the strategic plan Chicago Metropols 2020, in 2009 the Commercial Cub again presented a plan forthe sustainable development ofthe metropolitan area, vith exhibitions, ‘concerts and public lectures to forthe 10th anniversary of the Burnham plan, This great plan was well received ~ as Us ‘redecessor was in the urvan design exhibition in Bern 1910. Jn identifying the most important topes a ura planning for Berl, Pas, London and Chicago in 1910 as well as 2010, ‘we started with the spatial three-dimensional aspects of Cities rather than the specif problems af transport, social, ecological or economic issues. The exhibition defined sx essntial topics fr 1910 an eight fr 2010 ‘The six mast important tapes for 1910: + TheBig Plan + Monumental city Centre + New Models fr Dense Urtan Living «New Garden Suburbs + Green Belts, Corridors and Parks + Metropolitan Mability The eight most important topics for 201 ‘New City Centre: Mirrrof the City Region Renewal of Working-Class Neighourhaods Housing Estate Renewal ran Land Recycles Alternatives to Suburban Sprawl The Green City Sustainable Mobllty The Strategic Pian These 14 topes structured the exhibition. The four cities ‘resemble a transatlantic perspective which these ciles have developed and will eantinue to develop. It was of high Importance in 1910 and is once agatn of growing importance a century later. The development of ites in Europe and in the US. ia global issue, Not only because ofthe resources that ae used in these agglomerations, but alsa because of the visionary urban design concepts that have been and will continue to he develoned here Professor Dr Harald Bodenschatz was Professor for Soclology of Architecture & Urban Planing, Technical University Brin from 199 unt his retizement in 2011 and is currently an Associate Fellow atthe Centre for Metropaltan Stules, TU Bestn andthe lsttut forthe History & Theony of ‘Architecture & Planning, Bauhaus Univesity, Weimar. His ‘many books include Berlin Usban Designo rif history of ‘2 Europenn City(DOM, Bertin, 2010; secand, revised and expanded etion 2013). ‘The CITY VISIONS exhibition was shown in Bertin, London, Glasgow, Dortmund, Kassel, Weimar, Leipzig, Sydney, and ‘Stutigart, and will next be presented atthe University of Nanjing, ‘Master of Urhian Develpment & Design 2015-2016 15‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Method and Spatial Political Economy Alexander R. Cuthbert Emeritus Professor Alexander R. Cuthbert ‘When | vas invited to write 750 wards oa this subject, it presented me with 2 eal headache, What coud | possibly ‘ai tothe 400,000 worts and 2000 references already ‘contained in the tlogy Designing Cites, Te Form of Cities, and Understanding Cities? Afterall the entire project acused on Spatial Political Economy, Nonetheless a few clarifications might bein ore. n essence, method simply ‘means a systematic way of doing something, Soitis nat ‘unreasonable for urban designers to look for methods they can apply to recelved problems. The journal of Urban Design hhas been publishing articles on the subject for over 20 years ‘So why are we not conten? | tied to answer this question In‘Urban Design: requiem for an ert (Cuthert 2007).1 argued that mainstream urtan design was whally derivative cof ther ciscipines, particulary architecture and planning. constituted a pastiche of practices based on a grat bag of trivia ‘theories’ that bore no relationship to each other (Picturesque studies, image studies, figure ground theory, cenvironment-behaviaur, glace studies etc). They were also Incapable of refutation whichis the mark of substantial theory. A method without a theory to support sino method atall tis mere technology But far those looking fr security {ook no further, Tobe flr, this postion was quite tenable, After all twas all we had Urtan design was ine ast was, with physica. determinism being the order ofthe day and a happily ‘received colonisation by architecture and planning. But in 1974 book was published called The Production of Spoce(Hent Lefebvre, closely followed in 1977 by The Urban Question a text ty his student Manuel Castel, Together they shattered the world of happy certainties we had been used to. The message was‘The space ofa (soca ‘order is hidden inthe order of space (Lefebyte).lpso Fact, Urtan Design — the order of space - became inexorably tied to social structure and spatial political economy came into evistence, Lefebvre suggested three fundamental Categories - spatial practice (the spaces of everyday lif the ‘representation of space (space cognitively developed, and spoces of representation (symbolic and ideational space). Isthismot the essence of what urban designers do? These ‘books were revolutionary for socal science, since forthe fst time the production of social space wes taken seriously, Theu provided the missing tink between the aspatit nltcal ‘economy of Adam Smith, John Stuart Ml Kart Mar and ‘Maar Keynes, and the spatial political economy of Lefebvre, Castells, Gottdiener and Harvey, This new paradigm ‘married socal relations to spatial structures thus forming ‘unite field where space was recognised as a key ideological, ‘economic and politcal construct of western capitalism. For ‘me these texts were also revolutionary since it was clear that ‘urban desig could be informed by significant theory rather than te content free analysis ofthe previous half century, Iwasa revelation to see tat the discipline to which tadcommitted my life constituted an existential part of society rather than a random product of the market mechanism and the eureka factor It now had meaning, Paltcal economy tits most asic states that every economic decision is simultaneously poltical due tothe class structure ofthe global capitalist system, maintains that there isn such thing asa purely economic decision ‘that stands outside the political allocation of resources and spatial formation inthe form of fxed investment (the built exvironment). David Harvey calle this the landscape of capita’ or what for me constitutes Urban Design ll design projects contttute to this landscape, So spatial poltical economy forms the intellectual base for what Ihave termed ‘the New Urban Design. Fr the fst time we nave a unifying conceptual system our thearetical object being the pubic sphere (social process), and the real object being the public ‘alm (socal space), Methods fow from ther interaction, BButthese methods donot constitute design stratenes. They frame the reality ofthe urban design process within te social formation The method of spatial poltical economy isnot an inert or dead paces a be applied when the time is right t isan event doubly allve, Fist on the basis of oynamic social. processes. Second in using a matrix of theoretical principles interacting with your own imagination, You remain the most. important design integral Ultimately politcal economy is a sway of being So there are no recognisable formulae to this equation. One dimension is however critical, namely Lefebvre’ saaces of representation that are indeed the care igeational project of urban desian. To conclude, the adopted method ofthe New Urban Designs by way of spatiat political economy, x oder to integrate the material and the symbolic dimensions of urban life through spatial formation ‘and design intervention ‘New Usb Designs thus based on the presence of theory Absence of theory > denial of respansitiity > method > formula > linear pracess> product Presence of theory > acceptance of responsibilty > method > Understanding > creativity > design if you want to own any urban design problem you must ‘actept that you ae part oft yourself - but aw is your own buliefsystem messing up your capacity to think cle? You cannot absolve yourself from the vita dimenslon of ciical thinking We then need to ask ‘whats the object of ur work followed by so what the method of engaging witht? The ting that elstinquishes ucban design fom the other envisonmental disciplines is that it has a lear answer tothe former - te theoretical object of urban desian isthe ‘public sphere The real object ste pbc reoim, Once this isaccepted we can ask on the ass of which pricipies can these objects be understood? The consequence ofthese questionsisto place usfrmiy in thespace of social science, a place mast urban designers fear to trea, refering instead the marshy ground af a design vocabulary, Poltical economy tse has a history Given that these masters of sociological thought had no interest in pace, it was only relatively recently (1972) that Urtan Geography. Economics and Sociology, became welded together inte what we may cal. spot pico economy, This development alowed urban design to engage forthe fest time in ts short history with substantial socal theory Instead ofthe largely content free trivia emanating from the design professions for overa century (Cuthbert 2007), This has great relevance for urtan designers. Far how can we design space without understanding the rules that structure {Such structures are historically designated, and one ofthe (greatest problems in producing satisectory design autcomes {Sa substantial engagement with history, and to appreciate that in everything we do, consciously ar otherwise history {s being transformed inline with prevailing ideological structures, Problematically, since history has no theory of ts ‘wn, we must once again rly on social science for answers. Allideological systems tend towards oppression in some form in orderto maintain octal control and avoid the descent nto anarchy (hela, religion, education class structures et) The bult environment expresses both the dominance of, and resistance to these systems, a process from which conscous ‘urhan designers cannot escape. Within conterparany capitalism, spaces poltcally bounded, owned, allocated, and transformed by the rules of capitalist society. ll space ‘S representational of powar, andi creating space we both ‘express and further such interests. Urban designs the _manifestation ofthese pracesse in fixed capital formation, the built environment. Cuthbert, A. 2007, ‘Urtian desig: requiem for an era ~ review and critique ofthe past tity years! Urban Design International, vol.12.na.4, December, pp.177-233, ‘Master of Urtan Develapment & Design 2015-2016 7‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Processes and Categories of Urban Design Jon Lang Emeritus Professor Jon Lang 18 ‘Urban design isa term that has afferent meanings for different architects, landscape architects, city planners and lay people, Many design professionals are happy wth tis profusion of interretations ofthe term. As George Orwell ‘recognised eighty years ago this ambiguity serves a useful ‘urpose; we can talk about urvan design and agree or ‘sagree with each other without understanding wirat we are talking about For afield to make progress, however ithas to define the domain of ts concern, {tisimportant to distinguish between what urban design {Sand what the goals of various designs are. The former defines the fel and the latter the aspirations of indvidual designers and/or their clients working within nancial and politcal constraints. These aspirations ae very much shaped by contemporary belles about what makes 2 good ‘wort, Urtan desig, itsel i the design of images ofthe future city, or more likely a precinct within tor, even more likely a coordinated project ofa number of blacks and, as, limportanty, the mechanisms for achieving thase visions. The shelves and computer files of planning departments of cities. around the word are full of urban designs produced without. Consideration of how they wil be implemented. Thinking ‘ofurban design as part the overall poltial and economic ‘development processes shaping cities is thus vital to an understanding of the its and ts endeavours There are mang ways of considering the domain of urban design At one leveltis possible to distinguish among total urban design al-of-0-plece urban design, clug-in tran design and piece-ty-piece urn design, oc utan design as pubic policy, Total urban design occurs when ‘one development team caries a project through fram {ntiation to completion, Such designs are in essence, large scale architectural schemes. All-of-2-piece desig invalves the creation of a conceptual design that is divided into ‘manageable parcels which ae then built by incividual developers and ther architects within the guidelines ‘developed to attain the objectives ofthe conceptual design. In this case one ofthe questions that urban designers have to adress is: How detailed should the quidelines be? Another is: ‘Should the quidetines be prescriptive, performance-based or Aacvisony in nature? Plug-in urban design focuses onthe creation and mmplementaion of projects that wil act as catalysts for further investment, Usually the investments made by 3 publi sector agency in the hope of spurring private sector investment Pece-by-piee urban design s urban design were asa public policy legislation is decreed to encourage particular types of development in specfic precincts ‘isticts of ies without any preconcelved image of what it willoo ke but an image othow i wil perform.As much architectural and urnan design fllows a mimetic process in which knwn schemes or generic designs are ‘Adapted toa current situation, most designers prefer to {istinguist among project types: new towns, mixed-use development, waterfront developments and housing schemes. The list can go on and on, The designs act as precedents ofthe current design. Atany time in history these projects are designed within contemporally accepted paradigms. During the twentieth century and into the twenty-fst the competing paradigms can be clasiied broadly into two categories: te rationalist an the empiri. Designs following te former line of thought are based on Imagined ideal words; those following the latter approach ‘are based on a knowledge af what warks and what does not ‘work. The rationalists amongst urban designers have created some fine trend-setting designs but many have proven to be fallures because the Ideal model of the human being ~ men, ‘women and children ~ on which they were based deviated 00 much from who we really are within diferent cutures. “They also tended to focus on eiminating the problems of ‘the wortd and in doing so failed to recognise what works ‘well. They threw aut the baby with the bathwater Empiricist designs are seldom fallures bu, being conservative, they break litle new ground, Today 2 standard modernist urban design of economic bertatanism competes with the neo- travtiona, or new urbanist model of te good city What is really important in developing utan desig is that ‘we understand how the world works, Ths understanding has been steadily veloped over the past century ais captured in abstract descriptive and explanatory theoes and in detailed case studies. ll thisiaormation, however, eseribes past and present circumstances while urban design is concerned with the future city and its ervirons, Yet without an understanding of what has worked, what now works and the possible implementation scena‘as, any vision forthe future ety or one ofits precincts kely be awed. ‘The second edition of Urron Design A Typology of Pracesses nd Products tustrated with over 50 cose studteswl be published ia New York by Routledge in early 2017. “Urban design, itself, is the design of images of the future city, or more likely a precinct within it or, even more likely a coordinated project of a number of blocks and, as importantly, the mechanisms for achieving those visions” ‘Master of Urtan Develapment & Design 2015-2016 1920 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I East-West Corridors Central Sydney Studios, 2015 The economy of the Sydney region, with a population predicted to reach 5 millon in 2016 - 2¥% of the Australian population ~ nas rebounded from a tost decade’ at the beginning af the 2ist century ta contribute 30.3% to the nations Gross Domestic Produc in 2014-2015 (SCS Economics 2016). This surge in growth signals the primacy cof Sydney tertiary economy in the post-nining boom era ~ an economy based on financial services, media and telecommunications, construction, etal and real estate. The City of Sydney — in particular the commercial core af Central Sydney — isa major contlbutor tothe metso region economy, with an annual economic output of $101 blion, a quarter of the NSW economy. (Cty of Sydney 2013) Centra Sydney however, is physically constrained Occupying a narrow, north-south sandstone rige between Farm Cove and Dating Harbour its urban morphology of regular streets and bins - a legacy of early colonia settiement~ has struggled to accommodate the intense evelopment ofa Glob ity. ‘Two north-south transit projects are currentiy underway to address the problem of public transport access to Central Sudneu - introduction of Light Rail along a pedestrianised George Steet, and construction of an underground Metra to augment the existing underground toop of the City Raia, These transit projects are significant but the prablem af Sudneu’ constrained physical form remains. Tocattcally investigate the impact of new movement sustems and anew intensity of property development onthe public clomaln of Central Sydney, the MUDD2! advanced stuios toalea transect appraac, studying east-west coir centred onthe pincigal underground stations ofthe Cty Railway at Tow Hall and Wynyard Drawing upon property data and the fine grain ofthe City af Sydney almost room-bu-room Floor Space Employment Survey, te Stuctos looked at development capactty beyond the existing control, taking the quality af the public damain as the princgal constaint extrapolated from shadow studies ‘and sun-andle plane projections. These investigations paralleled in the academic setting of our Urban Development £ Design Stuclos the in depth studies ofthe Central ‘Sydney Planning Review undertaken since 2012 by the ity of Sydney 2s the bass for new CED planning controls, scheduled for release in 2016. 8y engaging wth the topography, eves and grain of the CAD rege, the transect approach so faiitated a study ofthe ground plane ofthe city In this way the constituent clements ofthe pubic realm, renging fom streets an ianes to major plazas and restdual ives of space, could Ue seen as a whale linking the great parks onthe eastern side ofthe city ‘withthe waterfront onthe west ‘The MUDD21 East-West Corridor tudes of Cental Syoney ‘drew upon the CITY VISIONS 2010 thematic window of the ‘New City Centre: Mirar ofthe Region, in which the physical scality ofthe CBD was seen in relation to the overarching ole ‘of Sygney asa Global Cy, Gy of Sydney 2013, Syoneys Economy global city. focal ‘action ~ Sydney 2030 Economic Development Swategy, The City, Sydney, ‘SCS Economics 2016, Australian Cities Accounts, 204-2015, The Consultants, Sydney,22 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Overseas investors and the transformation of Central Sydney Nigel Dickson / a 1n 2015, the CITY VISIONS i study of Central Sydney looked luack othe 1910 J 2010 CITY VISIONS/STADTVISIONEN Investigations of Sydney by the MUDDIO class two years ‘290. in particular + the City Loop underground raltway proposals that came ‘ut ofthe 1909 Royal Commission on te Improvement ‘of Sydney and formed the basis of the plan formulated ‘uy Dr}. C. Bradfield (1867-1943) forthe Sydney Harbour Bridge and electrification ofthe suburban ral system across the metropolitan area, an impressive scheme very much in spit of ‘The Big Plan’ moves in Berlin, Londan, Paris and Chicago around 1910; and + the 2007 initiative to remove vehicular afc and ‘ul Light Rai down George Street proposed by the distinguished urbanist an Gehl as consultant tothe ity of Sydney and subsequently adopted by the NSW Government, rejection of car-based urbanism very much in the Spirit of Sustainable Mobility initiatives in world cities around 2010. These projects demonstrated the power of city visions’ to cde significant changes to urban form and structure In the period since the MUUODIO investigations the inter- ‘elationship ofthe CITY VISIONS themes of The Big Plan ts ‘2st century equivalent, The City as the Centre of the Region’ ‘and ‘Sustainable Mobility‘has been given dramatic impetus fy the decision of the NSW Government to extend the North ‘West Ral Link, currently in construction fom an interim terminus at Chatswood! on the North Shore Line, under ‘Sydney Harbour and through Central Sydney to connections further south, Ths will ceate a totally new transit system, Sydney Metro, Under this plan, Town Hall will be the transfer point between, the new Sydney Metra and Bradfield heavy rll suburban system, {ntersecting as well with the new Light Ral system ‘down George Street. The transformative effect of thes. connections on te public domain and development gotentlat ‘of Central Sydney formed the basis of the Bathurst Street ross Axts Stuoo, Teking transect aporoach from Hyde Park to Darling Hartaur through the Town Hal precinct, the Studio Investigated the impact of new pedestrian flows and new concentrations of property development on this vital part ‘of Sydney The study area, centred on Bathurst Suet as the east- \west connector, was bounded by Park Street tothe north, Liverpool Street ta the south Elzabeth Street ta the east and Harbour Street to the west. Within this area, the StuoloWentied potentlat development sites within 5 minutes walking distance of Town Hal in relation ta recent property acguisilons and planning proposals. In particular, crtcal investigation was undertaken of the development panned forthe former Water Board site at 115, Bathurst Steet Syoey by China state-backed property developer Greeniand - a Fortune Glabal SOO company headquartered in Shanghai with an annual operating income of approximately $85 bilion In 20K, Greenland obtained development approval fram the Central Sydney Planning Committee forthe ct highest residential tower -3 235m high 67-storey moted use building accommodating 490 residential apartments, almost 2,500sqm of reall uses, ‘a creative huh anda 5-star hotel inthe conserved 19303 heritage wing of the former Water Board comalex. The project valued a an estimated $450 milion heralded & new ‘wave of foreign investment in Sydney ‘The relative strength of the Australian economy over the ppast 20 years and in particular its successful weathering of ‘the Global Financial Criss in the past decade has attracted a significant influx of glabal capital. Inthe property sector ‘his has included Investment from Canadlan pension funds, German banks and mast netably Chinese investors. In 20%, Chinese investors purchased Australian residential frapeny worth $8 alin. A recent report Demystifying Chines investment in Austra Ferguson & Hendschke 2015) found tat NSW attracted 72% of te total Chinese investment. The report alsa fund thot between 2007 and 20K Australia was the second largest ecient country of aregated labal Chinese direc investment, second ta the United States ‘The combination ofa supercharged rea estate market driven by foreign investment and the development of new Infrestructure is changing the physical shape of Sydney, ‘Major eal estate projects are co-aligned with major lnfrestructure projects generating an investment conduit for dense urban development along new transit routes, thus leveraging a Sustainable Mobllty’ model ofthe city to new levels of intensity Suneus transport infrastructure ~ after decades of nenlect = willbe transformed with new high quality, high frequency, high capacity transit mades ln peak periods the Light Ra along George Streets expected to replace 220 buses and ‘move up 9.000 people per hour The Sydney Metro is expected to mave upto 40,000 people per hour f we consider that curently Town Hall station is functioning ‘ueyond capacity handling 40/000 people per hour then the combination of those peak pedestrian flaws will place extreme pressure on the public domain in and around the ‘Town Hall precinct ‘The Bathurst Street Cross Axis Studio gave considerable thought to how the increased volume of pedestan movements would impact the quality of the public domain, ‘now the increased eight and bulk of development would [impact the physical form ofthe city, and how this in tum ‘would impact onthe sky space, ambient light qualities, sun pattems, vistas, identity and capacity of the streets, plazas: and vest pocket pars ofthe Town Hl precinct. Based on these stuties of development and design, the ‘Stuolo concluded thatthe physical form of the public domain ‘must change ta accommodate vastly expanded commuter and related pedestrian flaws. One proposition was to augment the tight street space af the precinct with additional subsurface floor space and connections, expanding the already extensive underground pedestrian system aroune ‘Town Hall in quantty and quality wth mut-tevel, volumetric urbanism along the lines ofthe madem Asian city Another opostion - the mast provocative idea of the studio was to increase the existing cc space around Town Hal by ‘elocatng the City of Syeney ofces fram the 1970s tower on Kent Street tothe site ofthe iong-proposed but iti thought through Town Hal Square, the Cty-owned Waolwarths site atthe comer of George and Park Streets. The offces would te accpmimadated in several loos af a mixed use mega development in this tocation that would include a new plaza at ground level anda transit eancourse connecting multiple layers of the city for pedestrians retal spaces and public transi access. The existing public space of Sydney Square ‘around the Town Halland Anglican Catheeral would be increased to include the whole ofthe George/Druit/Kent/ Bathurst lack, creating a reat pubic assembly place forthe «ty immettelyaojiring the Tour Hal, nat separated ty George Steet. asthe Woolworths site would ental, The combination of intense foreign investment nd intense. public transport infastructure requires a new vision forthe raditional cvc space of Sydney, As our detalled study of the Town Hal precinct inicates, the challenge in tis pat of the city willbe to balance the demands of gloual capital for ‘property development with the quality of the public domain, Ferguson, D. & Hendrschke, H. (eds) 2015, Demystiiying Chinese investment in Ausiralio, KPMG Australia, Knight Frank Australia & University of Sydney Business School, ‘Sydney, May 2015. ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 23MUDD 21- City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Central Sydney Studio, 2015 Convenor: Nigel Dickson ‘The Bathurst Steet Cross Axis study examined development potential within Centrat Sydney focusing on an area defined by Liverpool Street to the south, Haruour Street to the west, Druitt Street and Park Street to the north an Elizabeth, Street ta the east A detailed analysis ofthe study rea in regard to built form, age of buildings, potential cast of redevelopment, land ownershi, and pedestrian and vehicular connectivity was undertaken, Fallowing ths, four sites with promising evelopment potential were identifet() Town Hall Square (currently Woolworths), 532-540 George Stret, (2) Town Holl Councl sit, 483 George Street, (3) HSBC bulding site, 5580 George Street and (4) Courthouse st, 9B Liverpool Sueet Aftersite entiation, detailed site-specic analyses were Undertaken, examining the urban planning controls an the st, sole access ad potential overshadowing inpacts from any future redevelopment, building separation, potentil cost of redevelopment, potential tnd uses and employment generation impact of and connectivity to puc transport, and pedestrian connectivity and public domain improvements Site eftiencies and development feasisity wece achieved through amalgamations The design potentit of each ste was explored through design options developed in class and presented aver the next pages. 2426 ‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Introduction Before project sites wore proposed a detailed analysis was undertaken to evaluate the development potential surrounding “Town Holl inthe CBD. The team carefully examined the ‘transport network tht uns throughout the CBD; when evaluating the exsting context along with proposed projects became lar that Town Halles ata cticl nce between ‘Metro a ght a taxis and pedestrian movement. By evaluating allowable densities against existing density, the ‘team highlighted sites that cule maves forward fa future development. In ation, precedents such as Broadway in NYC were stiec ike George Street, Broad is 3 major avenue that runs the length of the cy, Unlike George Street, it contains only four veiculr lanes and instead focuses on pedestrian amentty onthe footpaths. George Sueets upcoming pedestranisation wil create a transformation ofthis scale. “orton aes wii ky Sy cone — Pesta Fru iste atone =O> Pepe moe varine Nae severance mem Prevost net © aor vaso ates ‘Students then completed a shadow study to assess sun access in winter if the enti site ts developed to capacity, this will, signfcantly block sunight throughout the day. Therefore, ‘buildin heights that taper towards the top and are vaied in shape are optima in letting ght int the CBD, Amongst other detailed mapping analyses, the studio isolated industry sectors within the site area to help inform the future development ‘proposal. Each team had to carefully consider whether to align ‘ith current industry trends an form a soli commercial sector ‘orto provide diversity and a new spit to the CBD by taking 3 ‘iskto develop something new. Laneways and accadespe SR Ces Rie Shadow impact analysis of ste, comparing overshadowing on june > so eeenanaae 21 Left Esting buildings. Right Massing up ta the maxim ‘lowabie heights under the LEP Sean akan of mairmum allowable heights and existing heights within Land use distribution within study area Source: CaS CIS) Comparison study are ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 27‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Town Hall Square Precinct Lin Yu-Hsuan + Luo Hao + Vidhya Gopala Pillai Ramesh Sygney$ new Metro rail nfastructure and the light ral offer the opportunity to create 3 major metropolitan transit Interchange in the mid-city, The intersection of these projects sits abave existing underqroune rail infrastructure at ‘Town Hal ~a well-known sandstone building in entre ofthe study area — and creates 2 hub forthe transit interchange. The proposal to redevelop Town Hall wih a‘ivic heat’ provides Connectivity for users between the various infrastructure elements. The progict indudes: (0 Reconstruction of Town Hal station with concourses extending up to Pitt Steet and Kent Stet. (2) Amalgamation of approximately 4.2 hectares of public pen space (2) Redevelopment of Town Hall precinct into an iconic landmark and high performance sustainable building offering a variety of uses ‘The proposal provides easy access, lexibilty and an ‘opportunity 0 capitalise onthe precinct’ potential It comprises mived-use,higher-density development centred ‘on major public transport, while accommadating high quality ‘open and civic spaces, business activities and employment ‘opportunities, suchas retail services, offces, hotels, a schoo and a convention centre, ‘The proposed lancmark tower would be able to accommodate a variety of uses for example: the relocation the City of Sydney Counts offces, a schaol for about 1.200 students, auditorium and conference faites and a hotel. The developments prominent location at a wansport interchange in central Sydney CBD will have a major ole in the tourism market, ‘eating & new cultural gateway in the clu, Together, these interventions wil transform the site into a olvesifed, high-end urban precinct.Pespectve rath along Come Stet East-West section rom Pit Steet ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 29.‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Town Hall to Harbour Street Gu Jinglin + Li Shengye + Wu Shiyao ‘The George Street and Drutt Street intersection forms part cof significant transport interchange servicing a number of public transport modes, including the existing underground fall, numerous buses and taxis. The north-south street corridor at this Intersection Is part ofthe 2.6-Kllometre-long George ‘Street, which runs from Circular Quay in the not to Centrat Station inthe south, George Street serves approximately 39,780 pedestrians ner weekday, “own Hal train station i located directly under George Steet st south of Dru Stret. large underground network of shops, cafés, restaurants and other faites services this part ofthe ity. The vision forthe ste isto create a ety square around ‘he Town Hall bullding and St. Andrews Cathedral. The redevelopment alms to be a catalyst for new and improves retail uses and redevelopment of atjining key sites. The eeation ofa prominent square around the Town Hall building and St. Andrews Cathedral would allow these buildings tobe celebrated as tue central landmarks. The resulting evelopment wouid also encourage the revitalisation ofthe western edge of the cy ‘A majar component af the prapasal includes the relacation of Counci staff and St. Andrews Schoo to the proposed ‘mixed-use development -on the ste across from the existing heritage Town Hall building currently occupied by Wootworths, Further, the propasal provides enhanced connectivity from George Stret to Kent Street and a new vista across the site to Kent Steet, sting east-west section rom Pt Steet to Darling Quarter‘Aes passes of proptbed development tap me . LS Perspective east o Town Halt Andres Catedral ‘Aerial pespectve southeast rom Sussex Steet ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 3132 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis HSBC Centre Conversion Michael Gheorghiu + Sazia Afrin Monika The HSBC Centre isa well-known development in central Sydney that was completed in 1988, The centre is located at ‘580 Ceorye Street and has an area of 3,567sq. The HSBC Centre comprises of a 37-level building with a total ettable area of 4300sqm, including 31 offce levels, 3 levels of retail and 3 levels af basement parking for about 200 cars. “This studi ented that the HSBC Centres a key redevelopment site because ofits proximity ta publi transport, ‘the changing characte ofthe area the sizeof the existing but form and thatthe seis in single ownership. The stucy identified tee development scenarios, induding Urtan design framework Critique of existing conditions Stat a Foe, Lt, Suk eastmest vation () adaptive re-use af existing tower to mostly residential uses ‘and, scenarios (2) and (3), development of a new building in ferent locations onthe sit, “The preferred scenaria isto adaptively re-use the existing ‘tower, The existing tower structure Is considered to be an acceptable height and built frm, however its at considered {to have the highest architectural aesthetic “The total yield in residential owellings of the conversion would equate to 464 units that would accammodate approximately 928 residents. Existing noth-sout elevationby V7) TT tw. | : Sooner” ses er . t "Noth-sout section through George Steet, Park Stretto Liverpool Street ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 33‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Court House Cultural Site Michael Gheorghiu + Xing Xin ‘The ste has an area of approximately 7,650sqm. It's bounded by Liverpoo! Street tothe south, George Street tothe west, a laneway to the north and Pitt Street tothe east. The steis ‘dominated by a numberof lsted heritage items, including the courthause, The ownership pattern is characterized by the presence of various landowners and a couple of large strata ‘owned developments, The site benefits from ts proximity to pubic transport, with stops located within a 400 metre range, including buses and heavy ri future tight ral service wil un along George Steet providing a stop onthe comer of Lverpool Steet and George Street direty infront a the site. Key cnstaints identited with the redevelopment ofthe site tncude:(D) significant hertage constraints, 2) smal tsin single tog land owmeship and uses me Sete ownership (3) are sata developments unlikely to ever be redeveloped, and (4) ar parking access tiie to incl tots for redevelopment purposes, which aso as an impact on waste collection, (5) adverse amenity impacts between adjoining properties if redevelopment was attempted, including tack of soar access, and lack of cross ventilation Finally, (6)if smal lots ar redeveloped fr residential purposes they would struggle ta meet SEPP 65 provisions fr residential amenity, “The preferred development option is fora mixed-use evelopment that s integrated withthe adaptive re-use of the courthouse. The visions to create a new character for the courthouse site, focused an arts and culture that is well-connected to qubiic transportation SF Proposed development sceraioey Eastwest section through conte of site ‘Main arcade entry of George Street ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 35‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Public Domain Connectivity Michael Gheorghiu + Jia Qiuyu “The area currently conssts of numerous public transport services inclucing the Town Hal Station and bus stop. A futuce ight rai wil sevice the study along George Steet ‘Adtionally the areas proposed tobe seniced by a future ‘Metro ralvay system, witha station located on te corner of Park Street and Pit Stret, Ieisimportant to understand the pubic transport services that are available inthe area as they contribute to how people access the area Given the approved and proposed developments in the area itis assumed that these transport services willbe more heavily used tn the future, Further, the ppapulatin of the area's forecast ta increase significantly, AS of 20Il, the area had a population of 5,899 persons and a total of 26,417 employees. By 204) iis projecteo that the population wil be 6,725 persons and 33,941 employees. bg The impact of this increase in density is thatthe pubic ‘domain wil be under pressure to provide safe and satisfactory ‘accessibility fr all users. This study explare the existing public domain connectivity across the study area and potential for new pedestrian connections. Three scenaros were investigate () an underground connection north-south, on the westem side of George Steet, from the George Street «cinema complex to Town Hall, (2) an underground connection fram HSBC Centre to George Street cinema ste va two links, and 3) an underground connection from HSBC Centre to George Street cinemas via areal laza. Scenario tee {sthe preferred public scheme ast alows for more direct pedestrian connectivity as well as retail opportunities. The expected amount of real area within the entre able domain «connections 2,50sqmSection ram Cental Street Section trough midal of proposed ste Section rom HSBC builing Proposal 3D expaced axnnomettc of proposal master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 3738 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Bathurst Street Cross Axis Urban Design Framework ‘The stu identified fur redevelopment sites and proposed four related public domain upgrades connected to the future ‘mut moda transit hub at Town Hal. Although each urban desig framework was concelved asa Stand alone’ guide toa new level of development intensity anda new publi domain inter respective study areas its recommended thatthe proposals te considered simultaneously san intenated development ofthe overall Town Hal precinct. Given the nature ofthe ste, thelr development potential potential to enhance pedestrian connectivity east-west and north-south, and potential to increase the civic space around Town Hal an integrated development linked tothe big infrastructure moves of the Light Rall and Sydney Metro would dramatically transform the evi heart of Sydney, roan design framework {twas found that in combination, these proposals aul add 3642 residents, 1821 apartments, 7730 employees, 93, 14lsqm of commercial oor space, 52,833sqm of retail floor space and 940 hotel cooms to the Town Hall precinct, ‘creating a new ‘Midtown’ of diversity and interest between the ‘Queen Victoria Builuing and Chinatown. Compared to the nartern sector of Central Sydney above ark Street, the Bathurst Street Cross Ais was found to be Ueficent in pedestrian space, hotels, high-quality arts and entertainment facilities and high quality retail uses. The ‘Stuoia proposals have addressed these deficiencies through ‘an inter-related set of development scenarios that envision 2 Grand Central Midtown level of commercial and cultural development, New York-style around 3 grand transit concourse.Pos ‘ast srt Wuratsime Coualstet sas North south elevation along George Stest isoebStae CoteghSuatPHStet— GoaeStet etsent eeet finale ast west elevation along Park Sweet Proposed Town Fall tae Papsed users corecian tint ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 39°40 MUDD 21- City Visions I Wynyard Axis Central Sydney Studio, 2015 Convenor: Dr Scott Hawken, with Sharon Wright & Glyn Richards ‘Sydney's peninsular CBD naturally creates movement ‘along a north-south axis, and te ety’ current large-scale interventions - tie pedestianisation of George Stieet and ‘new light ai- will alga with this ection af mavement. What is needed is greater attention to the east-west ax ofthe city. The stucio explored this possibilty, using ‘methodologies involving a number of diferent analytical approaches in order to gain an understanding of urban design for experiential spatial and financial outcomes. The stil’ intent was to create a stronger east-west axis in Sudneu’s CBD, to complement improved north- ‘south transport connections and pedesttan amenity, The two main deliverables ofthe stud involved a landscape structure plan and ftmancal feasibility studies of buldings with development potential. This exemplifies the various ‘oles that urban designers are typically involved in on any given project:the city, the consultant and the developer. The landscape structure plan volved public domain, open space design, urban landscape design, public infrastructure design ‘and Development Control Plan preparation, Bulloings with ‘potential for redevelopment were selected along the east- est axis, students suggested building programs far each and financial feasibility assessments were canducted in order to determine their viability in regards to market varlables and the product offered. ‘An important lesson taken away from the suucture- plan project was the understanding of ow smal-scale Interventions along stretscapes can transform a city The students’ structure plans, althaugh large in site area, proposed small-scale interventions such as widening ‘ootpaths, increasing street seating, and improving aestnetics| ‘ona walkable east-west route This showed the amazing breadth of urban design interventions designers must Understand how a ty operates atthe regional and global levey but desiga to affect change at the experiential level Designing at this scale, in turn, can realise an area and provide financial retums from the increased appeal ta bath developers and residents,~e Pega ed PP ae ‘a, Ss i / aere at a‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney Introductory Analysis Before structure plans were developed, students conducted studles of public ie in Central Sydney. Using techniques inspired bu jan Gehy, students recorded observations on spect streets and intersections throughout the city, Various ‘mediums were used to record observations- photography, video, sketches, tallying data, and graphing results Students considered a wise range of variables for instance, many of the observations were re-recorded at different times of ay ferent days ofthe week, and under different weather patterns. After reviewing and analysing data trends, students | were then able to assess correlations and draw conclusions from observations ne A study of noise eels along York Steet throughout the day “The results ofthe stues ted to ndings such asthe presence of sunlight encouraged lingering, spaces between columns ‘along facades created space for pedestrians ta linger amidst heavily trafficked roads, plantings along a street affected the movement of people on the street, decibel levels affected ‘amaunt of time people spent ana given street, and locations of street furniture within plazas affected the group sizes that used them, Suudents were able to descr the impact ofthe steet level details of the buitt environment on the movement and interactions of people. Students then integrated these details into the landscape structure plans that were completed in the next phase ofthe studio, @ evens Be BD vrs Section of Wynyar Station A stu of Barangaros impact on soar access Mp ntA visualisation ofthe mapping exercise (rom to ght Group interactions near Wynyard Park: functional movement actos the stiet (ery le ingeringl ingering unde columns, ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 43MUDD 21 - City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney Intertwine Ashley Bakelmun + Ju Xizhe + Wang Qi+ Wang Zishuo “Intertwine” adresses the importance of a cohesive sustainability svategy. It also investigates the ability to form a more cohesive community by blending ovmershipcistributions taallow for more shared pubic and private spaces. The team \dentied three dksconnected nodes in the CBD and developed a strategy to provide better integration between them, The landscape structure plan is underpinned by four concepts of ‘connect, carve, reveal and perform: The elements of connect” refer to increased pedestrian walkways, nodes, green spaces, vertical neighbourhoods and transport hubs. Carve’ pertains ‘0. more inteorated publicly accessible community network and the provision of exible temporary spaces. Reveat ‘ocuses on community potential and space usages that recelve development touses fr provision of social space; in ation, tefosters innovative development such as start-up comaanies. Finally, ‘perform’ refers to greater energy conservation, a creation of an ecological coridor and the implementation of next generation infrastructure Design princes ‘Three buildings were chosen forthe feasibility analysts to align with the project vision. The building program for One Carrington was predominately residential with hote and retail {orming the supporting uses. The secand building, Wynyard Hotel, maintains ts use asa hotel, providing affordable accommodations, wit retal/community centre spaces forming the supporting uses. Finally, the Botanic Gateway is, ‘an adaptively reused building along Martin Place and has 2 majority hotel use. Each of these thee buildings, inaction ‘to providing residential or hotel space forthe CBD, provides ‘community or social spaces that align withthe project goals ‘of increasing community connectivity a Proposed sexing andseaping- ond paving mndiicstins to Martin Pace‘Sota, economic and eclogcal mutievel design interventions Bu Bh ron ane siotipe a Eh tiverat — cemcpren rated Bw Errno se Bw By cee mr CD woes Bi egy orertion FE chesney Wet cateten eat i TD ccs arr ering tea Design components Proposed One Cringon ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 45,‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney Pedestrian Utopia Jyothsna Dhileepan + Kimleye Ng + Samuel Osakwe + Sun Yalin The landscape structure plan highlights the need to connect Barangaroo to The Domain across the CBD, create alternative pedestrian routes, create new vistas and create better ‘ground level interaction between te streets and buildings ‘The principles that underpin this design are connectivity, walkabilty, urban green infrastructure identity, wayfnding, street comer amenities, activated pullc ie and creation of active edge uses. In response ta these principles the folowing objectives were sed ta implement the concept into the landscape structure plan linking existing underground spaces forming continuity {nd improving ground level concitions for better movement; strategtc planting of tees to imarove climate; green infrastructure as wayfinders wal art; widening footpaths; pedestrian scramble intersections; pedestian furniture and Amenities at street corners, shared zones and new methods to fund and implement the scheme. ‘Thetwo buldings tested under the feasibllty analysis had juxtaposing building programs. At One Carrington the building rogram was predominately office space with supparting retal, Uses. For the second site at 304 George Street, the building program was characterised by 2 majoty residential oor space and a supporting etal mc The team found that diversifying space uses resulted inthe greatest vaullty and the least amount of risk forthe developer ie le TH am Underground connections Improving mirodimate Activating street comers Underground structure planProposed underground space of 37 Bigh Steet Proposed One Carrington projet Proposed 304 George treet project ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 47,48 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney Rubik's Route Fahim Razali + Ren Yanfei + Christian Vitulli The aim ofthe design was ta improve and create connections between Wynyard Place and Barangaroo. To achieve this, transformative streetscape elements that serve multiple purposes throughout the day and contribute to place-making willbe implemented, Secondly, specific street tree varieties have been selected In order to emphasise the unique Wentity cof an area and therefare, assist in aesthetic place-making, ‘Thiedly, a tree-cimenslonal form concept known as RUBIK’ is tobe implemented, integrating underground retail corridors at ‘Wynyard Place to surface pathways towards Barangaroo, The three-dimensional elements provide a fluid connection to and ‘om various ses. Finally, intelligent ighting ystems, public art elements anda floating active park aim at improving the ‘activity levels and experience in the public domain, Following design development ofthe structure plan, @ ‘easiilty study was conducted in three nearby buildings wf ee Proposed Canington Streak selected due to potential for redevelopment. The fstis Yorkganics, which wl include tig industry (urban farming) and Supporting uses such as an education centre and market place/orgenc resturant. The second building is known as Folks on York and is primarily lunury residential with (oof terraces and communal space; additionally t includes A supporting entertainment nub, The final building, One Carrington, has a arg share of txury residential with fetal ftransionl space and ofc uses comprising the rest. Smaller arees of the averal building program were made up of rof terraces and cammunal spaces, The strategy forall three buildings focuses on sustainable procurement of fod, enhancing the CBDS marketability, and attracting high-end lente to what wil become a destination paint in Sydney’ conte ‘Swiney CBD existing residential space‘Proposed Wy ya Station Proposed "Yoriganics™ Proposed "Folks on York” Proposed “One Canington* ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 4950 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney The Multi-Dimensional City Michele Apricia + Filbert Benedictus + Stephanie Griffiths + Navdeep Shergill ‘The future of Central Syeney laoks towards greater pedestrian linkages along streets and interchanges. Space allocation and ‘mayement throughout the CBO will change as employment districts such as Martin Pace evolve into an IT precinct, The constantly changing competitive nature of the Central Sydney economy requves buildings in the public domain to be adaptable and fexible for a range of uses. Asustainably-mie strategy is implemented through the provision of bicycle lanes, energy efficent streetlights, strategic ‘ree planting and allacation of sutable roofs for solar eneroy capture. A number ofthe streets around Wynyard Staion are ta become shared zones and footgaths are to be widened. An Integral part of the design is the creation ofa subterranean ‘network that links into the existing ground-level network, Exiting underground system Finally, digital wayfnding interventions, cultura, fond fashion ‘and tech start-ups are proposed at 2 number of key sites to activate building and public domain edges. “The proposed program forthe One Carrington development was initially 2 majority of office space as well as provisions for residential, retail and tech startup uses. However after intial feastllity studles showed limited profitability, the program ‘was amertied to predominately residential and affice with minor etal and tech startup provisions. The second ste, located at St james Centre, was similar in that it has an office development as well as space fr residentia etal and tech Startup uses. Like One Carrington, space usages were re-allocated to provide an optimal mix and profitability forthe client Proposed undergound sytem [Oy sewretest tae‘Surface ond subterranean lees Marin Place wih interventions, (ne Caringtonfeasialty study Proposed mix of uses through Martin Pace showing mull planes of on a ‘StJames Centre essbity sty Proposed mix of uses ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 5]‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Wynyard Axis, Sydney An Urban Living Corridor Wang Menggiong + Wang Mengya + Wang Yifan + Zhu Shimin “The main areas of focus identified for the Landscape structure plan are the water edge at Dating Harbour, narrow pedestrian streets, better activation af steet frontages, impraving pacr enviconments for pedestrians and improving bote-neck entrances to and fom the CBO ta public green spaces. ‘To improve the existing ery station, a watertront square along dating Harbour incoraorates a number of andscape tlements to be enjoyed by the public. Anew shared zone is ta be implemented along Barrack Steet and Erskine Steet: ‘he latter includes passive spaces that would add a variety of activities along the street. The projectalso improves the environment along the already-pedestianised Martin Pace by providing outdoor dining zones, activity areas and seats ‘with smal. gardens. Access to The Domain from Martin Place, eget es Sera Ca cama Landscape structure plan Section tough Erskine Street Soon though Batock Steet hich currently is only possible through a smal pedestrian : crime RH ‘Woottawn sizos Jckson Park tes‘DART style development similar in concept (nat form) to Frank Lloyo Wright long-lost Midway Gardens that draws the landscape quality of Washington Park ito the site located on the landmark corner of Garfeld Boulevard and ‘Manin Luther King Drive integrated withthe Garfield U station onthe Green Line, An architectonic landscape scheme similar to ‘Millennium Park, Chicago sited predominantly ‘underground in the north-west comer af ‘Washington Park to nt destroy the historic arboretum mid-block, associated with urban infillon Sist Street on the pedestrian route from the Green Line tanst station, ao The scheme is conceived asa street of shop fronts in the Obama Presidential Campaign traction withthe OPC located ona city-cumned lot block rom the Cottage Grove terminus ofthe Green Line. The aim isto revitalize the ‘etal core by remaking the urban fabric along ‘hollowed out! 63rd Street with nfl ibeed-use development bul to the street edge. “The scheme integrates the Street of shop front’ approach with conservation and adaptive euse of a surviving 1920s tank building onthe corner of Cottage Grove Avenue ‘and 631d Street The aim sto restore the urban fabric in this iconic Chicaga tocatian under the elevated steel structure of the L: Conceived asa grand civic gesture inthe Burnham traction integrated with the elevated reload structure at 63rd Street, the scheme Combines civic uses with a new retail center in synergy withthe current community focus of the Apostolic Church of God complex. Again conceived in the Burnham Ladition the esign terminates te vista down the Midway Plaisance witha structure ui acrss the elevated ralrad tacks to fac jackson Park 35a companion othe Museum af Science f Industry, evoking the suuctares ofthe 1893 Words Fir ‘Misway Plaisance, Jackson Park The above proposals were presented to SOM as a ‘retum bef ia Chicago. Based on ste visits, community consultation and comments recetved from SOM, the designs were refined and/or furtner developed in Chicago, and back in Sydney over Summer Tern, The final designs are presented onthe folowing pages. ‘Master of Urhan Develapment & Design 2015-2016 79‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago Garfield Boulevard, Washington Park ‘Michele Apricia + Ju Xizhe + Li Han + Wan Li+ Wang Mengya The visions to create an integrated web of buldings that Ubrary, museum and communty outreach components of defines the surrounding streets and crawsinthe landscape the OPC. The a's incubator established by Theastr Gates ‘uals af the parkin a lowing series of green courtyards. on Garfield Boulevard wil be supparte as a lacal and olabal The Obama Presidential Center will havea strong urban generator of urban activity. Educational ntatives wil extend pwesence on Marta Luther King Drive and Gateld Boulevard, OPC outreach fom neighborhood scoals to vocational. developed asan urban complex integrated with the Garfield _tralnin centers and start-up businesses. The mixed-use 'L Station on the Green Line, Interwaven with retail and complex will be complemented by infill housing withia the grid commercial uses, the complex wil be built to the street structure ofthe neighborhood. East-west ight rll extending edge, scaled tothe height of the adjoining Edmund Burke ‘rom Midway Airport will pass the OPC on Garfield Boulevard Elementary School Thus, it wil ceate continuous urban fabric and the Du Sable Museum of African American History across in scale with surviving elements ofthe neighborhood. instead Washington Park tothe Uriversity of Chicago campus. Initial of placing the Obama Presidential Center within Washington design studs for ths andthe Sst Steet ste were undertaken Park, a the offal site proposes, the Landscape qualities of in association with Lotta Larsson on exchange from Chalmers Washington Park wil be brought into the complex asa series University of Technology, Géteborg, Sweden. of inter-related courtyards within the ety block linking the — Sep ne i Urn design ramewark 80esa perspective noc ta Obama Presidential Center =o A a a> 7 a | a) — . a wn | Be » BIB im ae Ait ‘Street section wes along Garfield Boulevard Perspective west with Obama Presidential Certeron eft ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 8][tao iad! 82 ‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago 5lst Street, Washington Park ‘Michele Apricia + Ju Xizhe + Li Han + Wan Li+ Wang Mengya ‘The vision st create a buloing embedded in the landscape, honouring the spatial flow ofthe Olmsted park, while also relating across the Half Mile’ SIs Street to Provident Hospital and net door to Walter H Dyett High School inthe park. Sited atte north-west corner of Washington Park, the Obama Presidential Center reserves the significant arvoretum facing ‘Morin Luther King Drive and connects with Sit Street Station an the Green Line. Curing pathweus in the Olmsted ‘manner are woven around the largely undergraund complox ofthe OPC, the building is thus designed as an architectonic landscape evoking the ‘Urbs in Hort’ (City in a Garden) ‘tradition of Chicago and extending the world-renowned sustainable development initiatives ofthe city At the same ‘ime, a pavilion emerges along Sist street to prove an urban presence, as well sight wells to define the pathwoys within ite | A us hy Fy im i HE | Hy OTT nh ri i es ny a3 Urn design framework ‘Washington Park, conceptually shown in Miesian form ta ‘relate tothe Mleslan expression of the 1972 Dyett High School Mixed-use commercial infill developed along Sis ‘Street from the CTA statin to activate the area and provide a ‘ignicant economic boost tothe neighborhood. A prominent health and weliness centers proposed forthe Provident Hospital on Sit Street acros from the Obama Presidential Center asa lving testament tothe Presidents health iniatves. Ellsworth Drive, reduced in scale, is retrected to cross Martin Luther King Drive and cut through the tong blocks in this part ‘of Washington Park. Tisisa key move to create te site for the OPC and regenerate ts urban setting by increasing the porosity ofthe gid in and around the’ station CrSwoet section east an Sit Steet with Obama Presidential Centr in miele ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 83.84 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago 63rd Street, Woodlawn Charles Boumoussa + Cui Weitong + Samuel Osakwe + Yalin Sun The sion is to emved the Obama Presidential Center in the center ofthe Woadlann community just east ofthe Cottage Grove terminus of the Green Line. The outreach component ofthe OPCs conceptualized as a street of shop fonts with the library and museum postioned directly on the street in 3 landmark tower ta the east. The shopfronts wil eintaduce and reinforce the street edges to encourage greater street activity, allow for passive surveillance onthe principe of ‘eyes on the street and bring back the traditional character ofthe commercial stip along this once-renowined east-west ‘Mile Street The shop frant character ofthe streets wil fster a diverse and vibrant community, Te lorary and museum Components of the OPC will ie developed! as a beacon - a Astinetive tower that rises above the proposed lower scale roan design framework street of shopfronts with views north over the University ‘of Chicago campus tothe skyline of The Loop, east to Lake ‘Michigan and south over the neighbarhoods af the far South Side where President Obama bean his public life as 3 ‘community oqganizer. The rary and museum components ‘of te tower wil be integrated with a vertical farm, reinforcing ‘contemporary cancepts af sustainable development and new ‘approaches ta an activism that asist communities in need New arcade and street connections from the Staion wil revitalize the retall cre of Woodlawn, Ifill housing onthe side streets wll be reminiscent of traitiona terrae housing in the ‘area, reinforcing the life and character of the neightorhood.—_—— ——__. —“ -—__ air A = = lb ihe shit ‘Steet section easton 63 Street with Obama Presidential enter in mide Perspective west ta Obama Presidential Centar on 631d Street. ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 85.86 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago Cottage Grove Avenue, Woodlawn Charles Boumoussa + Cui Weitong + Samuel Osakwe + Yalin Sun “The vision af the project isto conserve and adaptively reuse the significant surviving bulging of central Woodlawn, the Washington Park Bank Building on the comer of 63rd Street and Cottage Grove Avenue. The 1920s building, brought back ‘rom its somi-erelict stat, wil he the signature element of te Obama Presidential Center in this landmark location. ‘Anew medium-scale development, mirroring the historic bank building, wil be constructed tate south, An atrium with interior landscape elements tinking the two buildings will provide a clear and visible entry point aff Cottage Grove ‘Avenue, A public plaza tothe west of the OFC, activated by school bus and coach tour drop of, will be lined by shops with ‘though-site links, generating pedestrian movement within anc araund the black. The OPC will extend south an Cottage Grave ‘Uton design framework ‘Avenue wit ts outreach components located in active shop fronts Mixed-use development wil be encouraged along 63:4 Street as well as Cottage Grove Avenue to re-create the can Chicago street space under the steel structure ofthe asa tively retail strip. New arcade and strect connections from the Cottage Grove Statin wil revitalize the once tiving tall core of Woodlawn, The overall development wil ncude in housing within the gid structure of adjoining urban blocks Ina design stuces forthe Cottage Grove Avenue ste ~ and the 634d Steet ste— were undertaken in associatlon with "MUDD22 student Kim Hyung from Korea,*, ‘Stoo section orth on Cottage Grove with Obama Presidential Center tole Perspective weston 631d Steet ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 87‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago 63rd Street, Jackson Park Stephanie Grifiths + Lu Mengyu + Christian Vitulli + Zheng Yawen ‘The vision s to create the Obama Presidential Center as the centerpiece of a civic center inthe City Beautiful tradition ‘acing jackson Park onthe east, together with an embrace west across the ilinois Central tracks to the Woodlawn community “The scheme will be achieved through a land swap with the ‘YMCA complex currently located on Stony Island Avenue and 63rd Street. The wil be rebut bigger and better than before across sports elds ta te west, and the OPC wil font a formal tandscaped plaza asa grand meeting place and visual transition tote naturalistic landscape of Jackson Park ‘The OPC andits outreach elements wil activate 63 Street inthis gateway location and relate tothe long-established educational centers of excellence — Hyde Park Academy High School and Mount Carmel High School tothe north Teton desige Framework ‘and south Ina complex grouped around a canopies 63rd ‘Steet station on the Metra South Shoreline, the OPC wil ‘ive presence toa new and expanded YMCA together with the nearby Apostolic Church of God, renowned forts long {involvement in Woodlawn community activism. A hotel will, be located on 631d Street atthe Metra station with views ‘over Jackson Park to Lake Michigan. height wil align ‘with nearby residential towers. To the west and south ofthe OPC, infill housing wil be butt in simiar style tothe existing ‘housing stock The aim sto prevent the OPC from becoming ‘an stank destination instead, twill be woven into the ‘community to connect residents with visitors in an Inspirational way,Perspective west along 6315 Sweet ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 89.90 ‘MUDD 21- City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago Midway Plaisance, Jackson Park Stephanie Griffiths + Lu Mengyu + Christian Vitulli + Zheng Yawen ‘The vision s to locate the Obama Presidential Center on the central ans of the Midway Plaisance as an architectonic ‘work of andscape architecture and infrastructure crossing the elevate iliois Central tracks, integrated withthe StH Street Metra station. The OPC wil reinterpret the original Olmsted & Vaux geometry of dicular pools inthis location ina dynamic near extrusion around circular plazas, with an elevated walkway caried on to connect with jackson Park and ‘the Museum of Science &r Industry. The museum and librany components of the OPC wil be located onthe east fronting Jackson Park asa complement ta the MSI. The outreach components of the OPC wil be located on the west inking ‘the Woodlawn community andthe University of Chicago. A nour technical college and creative hub wil be built around the enisting community gardens and farmers market on South Dorchester Avenue. The activation of South Dorchester venue, ‘which wil include infil housing, is aimed at strengthening the relationship between the community and the university, Ass the linois Central tracks, hotel wil be buit on ‘Stony [sland Avenue of similar height to nearby residential ‘towers, with views over Jackson Park to Lake Michigan. As a ‘unique combination of architecture, landscape architecture ‘and engineering, the OPC sweeping ove the blockage of ‘the elevated railroad tracks an The MGway wil convert a ‘missed opportunity ofthe past into a subtle but spectacular ‘commitment to Chicago future nial design studies forthe ‘Migway Plaisance site - andthe 63rd Steet ste — were ‘undertaken in association with MPIan student Megaharo Harpanci from Indonesia," - = ei ge sg ee ge ‘treat setion west along Stony lind Avenue with Obama Presidential Center onthe right Onstage Vaux design forte rad ‘cossing on The Midway, 1871 Inthis scenario, the Banik Kigit Masaryk ‘Mesnerial will be rloceted tn 2 more stable location nos the Haris School of Public Plcy on The Midway, tune with the philosophy ‘and politcal els of Cech statesman Toms Garrque Masaru (1850:1937), who was aecorlated wih the University af Chiaga athe fast decades ofthe 20th century, Perspective weston 60th Steet with Obama President Center on ight master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2015 9)lene “I ni rz Ele ite astai af =a 92 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago Summary and Evaluation for Selecting Preferred Site “The study does net recommend a preferred site fr the Obama Presidential Center from the sik wansit-rlented locations investigated on the South Side of Chicana, Instead, as a {uide to decision-making by the Ovama Foundation and the people of Chicago, the study seeks ta make explicit the values which wuld be expressed in the selection ofeach ste All sb sites were proposed on the basis that they would be highly accessible ~ vithin five minutes‘ walk from a transit station ~ urban, regenerative and visionary, subject to the aver-arching principle framed by jane Jocobs that good streets make ‘good cities. “This vale assexsments structured as flows i the sltetssteted, 2) ther, oul delve attr Gesign opportunities, 3) because, of the embedded values represented bu the decson WatndinPa, The pepmetm tn ae Vinten ati te teat ana! tt pa we rere tse ii tar Grace’ pe ead Sader a Mat ae ne Te sos nas cyan Wi be esta oes ‘nce atloaaesotsSune Senay Selon ba Uc o Ua ean Pak aT ses tert rmancs wei. trang rem eNpevcast Hse Pn wen wl ree OP Were SEE ASAIN KM Aen ante rere en \WemimnFot. 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Te etn veh ete rete Narn er ‘woken rae anes ete ps perp hese The eee Pte on Se ea saw es ‘Mua pooner rn Cand Wet te Miu om at ae Wa tg See ‘Wena, ‘Tepper OFC area aes 3A HSM HP ne a we Ese TH HEAL ssasue eonenth carne ine Sates ie in ute, muy ase snoding bs eh Irate vet tsuneo te Unity Onaga Then tesco ct eam, ‘Te wosct wats te OPC one arcsec ale a a anes ate oe Mane cal aa amet xme Gre depingbeCotage we sion Te OP odpm atreton Doug esata aoe ese esr ee 12205 oven ED rete tre hcg Pt Sneath ea ua ee aan ata esedstatreatve Y waldhepeeatettha cust a ety Wood Tema ts Oo Cotae eve al 2 dante aun era 920s das rag otha cna leg sa uta teas Me gt WU longs eens bra ste rer =a ‘Tepes hao lwo angen the odarng HCA nrg oun err prerton Sony bs AL atest aS ‘Reso cnmny whe drt eajeton Pants nae techn of Brier Chon Tr OF ws inch emer wa Sa Selina can De essed waa cares onan Hse Pa ary Me Sood Ma Cael Seta ina tonpee gape senso acta 6st sate be Me Sense ooh esto 3 few we AS HHA ‘peru eign pi ete rh fa enunesrrng iments Waedoun connate Insane Manatee ‘epost teste OFC reckons ete Moy skoNe sen atten Markt anne Ree NEN CINE ‘states ns ona ptt ah Sh eto et Saree DC aad ret aged (rsd away fsa Ts ak 2a nx esun a a what ea veka Cast wo pcan? aa ese scree nary Temsaom tats ate OMENS he CPC wo eslaaetee Pe etasacongeret ‘Stet fon Pt Tet cmprent wb edt ergs Weedon ery eh arn acgn Te Meng Monat wexaestsomers nennstbtaana te Mineyeew thu Seed PPTieden seth 0 inte nbn Pony srgewemet rh oc ghastcgeemst ni thse Sincere oxgmess a eve. Cr fl Waa eal ss wa oso aa vas on eas a aan ee 22 Wain Paar vance on 2a ay ee a es anh ye al noe aS Thedesen ste ne 0° nl ey yh er wes ct WS FR wa te ea tae My a wc “nape a set pene De np aes mse vedban Tn rng Pe OF steno WHE DONDE 3 MIA ‘aan cepts he en me i pat CPL een pees atin a 5 OP ea se cee ces aaa va ore nny sss ad De eg wilds a Os ary CoLa OSL ‘ern noma vty sna Pe oss Bete iy en ene nemesis Unter siete th Peer sa oe! eyo Oe ‘hectic Cc et, Wenn wl nthe hs tape and tay ih xs comma highland ‘stand ie ext chon aprons el cormuny gov ah hese eft ene eon rt ai ‘oy ori ou aa tgs wh ua at Seve a of ns ore sea wel iy RON pan ‘necormunt pasirgmoenent nes ergo, ‘aden hss ne Cas 2 Gea Rswncfewdien aed a aao ef 920 cnr aca Ung 8 rar SE Suen bue Go Ke Vow ‘a amaretesoe nom mor vara ner a ‘Meennaing ied anh hegre ancy anowemet, rsh len ete tnt recommen oo, ‘ftom Okage ert bone phe cart OBCn re hr dad oo cana dea tbe ‘he teser ut e OFC te eee er ec eine Cy ena es on Sy an ree eee Woon cmt 65 FH Desan Na ‘eteti lenin eye bd tytn ete tin roy tenet eta ght “ads awn )ck nt cease aera st HOF ga Y Uae a os ss as WS ws eens nmin engoremer. en teat se aN Tenge army es WHEE es SOW WE Pa AEM HON ‘Shane camelFgh Sean tng gn ety ar sont ne samen sen ems ht oe: tn Fn ‘acsearle OC onthe awy Pasa oe he daca sat Phas 2 Sue aoe he aus betes nd om nh ee [ohadet te tude of Pew es te Misioy by ce oben) oss Uae a er akon Or oT Ws wea ey es HO ‘pecs ne antes newt Wt ry eT Craw oa BUA Beg 9 MDE ‘cue ape hie mgt ah toca ory thes esi wncace nee we ie ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 93.94 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Obama Presidential Center, Chicago City Wide Initiatives “The Obama Presidential Center an the South Sie of Chicago willbe the fst truly urban Presidental Library, very afferent ‘rom its predecessorsin its outreach activities both global and local Ata global scale, the OPC wil be part ofthe Global Cty ppawer of Chicago. At local scale, the OPC has the potential to trve significant change athe socio-economic profile and bult form ofthe South Sice ‘The MUDD21 Studio found, however, thatthe offical sites selected by the Obama Foundation inthe Olmsted parks are ‘tno isolated to craw economic activity into much needed areas cof Washington Park and Woodlawn, In our view, the OPC will only become a catalyst for change in these neighborhoods though creative and committed Transit Oriented Development. The sx alternative locations forthe OPC proposed in this stuck, shown as 400m revs TOD zones in Washington Park and Weodawn “The six alternative sites proposed in this study shaw the potential of such a TOD suategy centred on trl stations in ‘Washington Park and Woodlawn with the Obama Presidential, Center as anchor and attractor in each instance, As stated in ‘ur evaluation table (previous page}, choosing among the six Civen the current level of esinvestment and dysfunction inthe neighborhoods despite support from powerful entities such as the Macarthur Foundation, the New Communities Program, the Preservation of Afordatle Housing and the Housing Assistance Program; community activist graups such as Te ‘Wootlavn Organization; and incentive mechenisms suchas Taxlnerement Financing and Low Income Housing Tax Cres, the base conitlons are basic indeed. n response, the TOD strategy hast be simple and direct. This means the Obama Presidential Center has tobe located within a five minute walk from a trast station. Only with intense pedestrian actity ‘within that 400m zone will socio-economic uplift be initiated and sustained in any meaningful way sites s a question of values. At the same time, iis lea fm ‘te aerial photo above that selection of one site out ofthe ‘ix wil leave vast tracts of the South Side tert of economic stimulus and hope. To effect substantive change in ths part of Chicago, the OPC must be part ofa bigger planCty Wide Initiatives: AAbig plan for the South Side of Chicago is necessary to achieve effective transformation af is social and economic conditions. Here the Obama Presidential Center has the potential ta be ‘one af many initiatives. Duet is global profile, the OPC could be the most important ofthese and hence a catalyst at a structural evel to bring together existing and proposed projects Ina 2ist century CITY VISION, ‘The MUDD21 Stucio has Wdentiied ten projects, which together could transform the South Side: () OHare-Micvay-Sauth Sie CTA Belt Line -a transit connection along existing ral corto that would link the South Sie with O Have Aiport and its burgeoning employment opportunities. (2)Metr South Shore Line CTA Conversion ~ an upgrade of esting ail services operating asa regional commuter service to rapid transit mode with quck inks to and fram The Loop. (@) Michael Reese Hospital Redevelopment - much-needed ‘e-lnvestment in tis site onthe edge of Chicago’ oldest Ariean American community in Browzevile (4) Black Metropolis National Hertage Area ~ curently under review for dedication by the US. Congressas.an essential affrmation of Black Cuiture in American tte. (6) Obama Presidential Center - the centropiace ofthe inate, a gamechanger for Chicago andthe South Side. (6) MiwayEnglewood- Washington Park-Hyde Park Light Rail an east-west connector extending from Englewood tothe sucessful S3at Street Revitalization Area in Hyde Park through Washington Park pat the Du Sable Museum af African American History to the University of Cicaga ‘Medical Center and te University of Chicago Campus. (@) Chicago Lakeside Development - spectacuiar redevelopment ofthe former US, Stel South Wars steel mil onthe shore af Lake Michigan propased asa best practice demonstration of sustainable development by SOMin 2014 (@)CTA Red Line Extension ~ proposed by the CTA in 2044 to exten the Re Line from 95th Street to 130th Street, increasing acessblity forthe far South Side community (0) Calumet Water Enterprise Tade Zone - proposed by ‘Martin Felsen from If to realize industal ands near the llinois/ndiana state tine using recycled water from the Calumet Water Reclamation Plant {00} Puliman National Monument ~ the model industrial town designed by Solon S, Beman inthe 1880s, procaimed a US. National Monument by President Obama in 2015. The combination of new emplayment opportunities, new levels of aublicranst acessiilty across the metro region, ‘new development projects and new institutions of plobat significance could transform Chicago, the segregated city, nto an inspirational city ofthe 2ist century, “Make no little plans” - Daniel H. Burnham, 1907 ‘Ten Movs for 2st Conny Chicago ] (90 tay Susie baa Bett Line = (2 Mea Sout Str ne CTA Conversion eG Mita ease Hest - Redrspert vil (ack Meta Natoat » Hertape rea 25 (5) Ohama Presidential Center (6) Midway-Englewooe- ‘Washington Park Hye Park gh ait (Chicago Lakes Devtopment (©) CTARed Line Exxension (©) Calumet Water Enterprise Trade Zone (00) Putinan National Monument =, Sassi ae aa a Satara avoatze as tana Senaesgvomsicorsorn ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 95,96 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I New Neighbourhoods for Prenzlauer Berg International Studio, 2015-2016 Convenor: Dr Scott Hawken, with Professor Karl Fischer Beatin is ln the midst of rapid population goth ~ caused Partly by attraction tothe ifestule and creativity promised ‘by te city and partly by the immigration ix of the ‘refugee crisis n Europe This ppulalion growth s combining vith investment pater to cause a housing shortage inthe ‘tu Centre nore to maintain ts entity as an afordable ‘cate cy, Belin is working towards policy Soutins ano {ooking for complimentary urban design solutions. ‘Bin has experienced large fluctuations in population many) times theoughoutits history, Inthe mid-nineteenth century, Berlin's population exploded asthe city became an industrial ‘power New laws and anew clty plans were developed to ‘pe with this expansion ~ ane such implementation was James Hobretht’ 1862 cly expansion plan. The focus ofthe {international stutio was to evaluate the 1862 expansion flan, identify ts applicability to Berlin's need for increased ‘density taday and designa solution for mass affordable housing ona ste in northeast Bertin, Prieto travalng to Bertin, two teams x Sydney inthe Semester 2 Stilo | cass convened by Prafessor james \Weisc, analysed the development potential with the Hobreent Plan ring structure: One team responded ta the cys’Green Moab intlativeand investigated the transitional relghtourhood in Moabit West around the famous AEG Turbine Hall designed by Peter Behrens in 1009 and silin ts original use as part of the Siemens Gas Turbine Plant Heavy industry, howeves i ieving this pat of Bertin, ‘eating spaces for startups and creative industries, tgetier with new resifertial developments. The ear proposed to build a Hobrect square, planned in 1862 but never realised, asthe cenkre af 3 realised mixed use neighboutieod. The second team found that the neighbournood of Wersing In Basin Mie, although identified asa Fansformtion Area for 2030" by the Senate Department for Urban Development rte Environment was already home toa targe migrant population and tacked the auuity to provide more housing Without dling the cultural richness of this urban quarter. Instead a site beyond Hobrechts outermost ring road was selected for an extension of Hobrocits urban forms across 2 formless tact of motarways and big box etal centres under the fight path of Tegel Airport at Kur-Schumacher~ Platz This arealls schedule for redevelopment when Tegel ‘Airpartis closed oa completion ofthe long-delayed Brerin Brandenberg Alport ‘The Studio | teaats werejoinad by thelr senior dassmates tn the ground in Bertin, and roject teams were assembled! Unconjunction with students from our hast unverslty. the ‘Technische Universit (TU) Berlin. On an assigned site UnPrenalaver Berg centied on the tate modernist Ernst ‘Thalmann Estate built by the former German Democratic Republic inthe early 980s students evaluated the histoile ‘and current context and proposed a culturally anpronriate housing solution ta stimulate significant growth on the site ‘and in the surrounding neighbourhoods. The urban design frameworks created in Belin were critically reflected upon, ‘and revised once back in Syciey. “The stud continued engagement with the CITY VISIONS thematic windows, explariag these grand narratives in relation to one hundred years of development in and ‘around the Ernst Thalmann Estate, This eclectic site within Hobrechts 19th century grid encouraged engagement with "The Big Plan" and the “Strategic Plan’, together with “New ‘Models for Dense Urtan Living” and "Renewal of Working Class Neighbaurhoads”98 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I “Der Kiez” and the Urban Masterplan Felix Bentlin and Scott Hawken Fel Bentlin Dr Scott Hawken Global ties suchas San Francisco, Sydney, New York and London ae fining themseves inthe grip of housing cisesas their very success drives up real-estate prices and affordable housing evaporates. uae trails Hong Kong in number ‘one spot a the mast unaffordable city in the word for both ‘renting and buying a house. This isnot simply a factor of global markets but a combination of regressive polices that favour the constuction ofthe wrong type of housing and the ‘wrong housing markets, The rest isan exclusive ctyscape ‘where aforiable housing [s pushed t the periphery of Sydney large urhan foctprint In contrast Bertin sa model city for deating with such housing problems even though thas not yet resolved ts curren formiiafle housing shortage. Once an outlier an the periphery of global networks, Bertin now finds self a2 desirable global cation fr investment. It's an island ‘of opportunity in Europe’ desperate economic landscape and beckons asa liveable and welcoming place for both ‘young creatives vulnerable migrants and waves of refugees. ‘What ts lear to outsiders is that Berlin incisive historical consciousness and history of resilence offer clear-eyed and fair strategies on how to deal wit such pressures. Bertin is therefore the perfec laboratory for studying the technical design challenges of builing mass housing, the social challenge of creating neighbourhoods, the nancial challenge ‘of making them affordable, ond the political challenge of facitaing both diversity and cohesiveness. In November 2015 mass housing, housing affordability and ‘neighbourhood design were topics fora shared exercise betiveen students from the MUDD program at UNSW and students ofthe TU Berlin Usban Design Stk. Titled “Housing forthe Masses Old Ideas, New Forms of Housing” thejoint studio focused onthe development apportunitios latent within the desirable nineteenth century ing of ddevelonment around the historical centr, known asthe "The ‘Wilhelmine Ring” This belt of development, characterised ty racial streets and ring mad, irregular gris and squares together with Berlin frst madern system of wate supply, sewage and drainage, was planned by City Engineer and Buloing Director ames Hobrecht (1825-1902) as one of the notable 19th century expansion plans from the same era asthe Vienna Ringstrasse and Idefons Cerda Barcelona Evxample ‘When the plan was approved in 1862 a somewhat ‘unintended consequence was that significant areas were filled out with dense tenements in an explosion of greed ‘and speculation. Large parts ofthe ring became a landscape ‘of exploitation, overcrowding and squalor that marred the ‘egutatlon of ts planner, Hobrecht. Today, however, with lower occupancy rates, the belt s amongst the most desirableutan areas of contemporary Berlin, made up of rapidly gentiyjngestriets such 2s Krev2herg, Neukdln, Wedding, Gesundrunnen, Pendlaver Berg, Fierichshain, Schineberg ‘and Moabit and more bouredis suburbs such as, Terarten,, and Charlttenurg, This rig is one ofthe most ceatve parts of Bertin and also among the best serviced making it the ideal ocation far newcomers of al types. The Hobrecht expansion plan for Bertin stimulated city growth ina capitalist sense but also created distinctive urban patterns, forms and spaces, Fourteen section plans camposed by Hobrecnt introduced different typologies to the public ‘ealme indluding boulevards, promenades, neighbourhood ‘squares, among othertypes. They are structural elements of the expansion framework and formed the dominant image of Berlin as a modem city on par with London and Pars ~ two cies that inspired Hobrecnt. nthe Hobrecht Plan the Combination of Parisian style radtal and ring streets, and an even distribution of squares, folowing the pattem of Landon, make up the spatial frame. A detaled examination of such structures provides desta the growth and evolution of 19th century Bern. The historical dimensions ofthe expansion. plan as well sits transformations overtime are the focus of a ‘ecenty launched research project by TU Bertin. ‘Analyses show Hobrechts Squares follow oflerent spatial patterns determined by socal and topographic features. In ‘the narthem and eastern reaches ofthe Hobrecht plan, they tend to bein the mile af large workers districts, untouched by blg radal avenues and peripheral roads. n the south- west by contrast, several are tiated on the big choussées associated withthe palaces in Chartotenburg and Potsdam, whilst others are located on tangential raads and more ‘typical boulevards ‘The public squares also define the dimenslans of neighbourhoods. Through ther repetition, they calibrate ‘the scale ofthe masterplan and have evolved as adaptable elements ofa growing city, These squares ar“plitza" tend taactas nucle of what we might calla neighbourhood, ‘and wat the Berliners calla "kez" While the term Kiez has strong Berlin social and cultural connotations, a kiez is canceptuelly clase to the squares ofthe Landon estates = designed essentially as a device for increasing property values in theirimmediate environment. As such they differ from the 1929 neighbourhood concept as formalized and tistiled into a set af spatial and socal principles by Clarence Perry, Regardless of these goiical and economic origins, todal these spaces are considered to be fundamental in proviging integrated neighbourhood services, sustainable {rovrth strategies vistinct identity and resilience to ‘demographic and social changes. ‘The tension between the clos, neighbourly qualty of the cvxstng kez, andthe dstocation and spatial trauma provokes inthe past by World War I destruction, Cold War isolation and vision, mid-20th century matory construction and ‘modernisthousing states, and in recent yeas by forces Of global migration and real-estate investment, equles today designers to e-apprase the masterplan asa tool forproviding mass housing Whats the urban designers twolkt in facing these crllenges? Working withthe spatat paradigms ofthe Sth and 20th century the urnan designer ‘must design the process of engagement with uch historical {upes and devise ways forthe potical economy to generate greater density affordability Lveabilty and indusie urban ‘expertences within existing urtan patterns. ‘Dr Scott Hawken convened the UNSW MUDD2! Berlin ‘Stu, Felix Bentin co-tutored in the joint UNSW-TU Berlin studio, he isa Research Assistant in the Fachyebiet ‘Stidtebau und Sledlungswvesen, Institut fr Stadt- und Regionalplanung 'SR), TU Bertin, ™,..the ring became a landscape of exploitation, overcrowding and squalor that marred the reputation of its planner, Hobrecht. Today, however, with lower occupancy rates, the belt is amongst the most desirable urban areas of contemporary Berlin...” ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 99.100 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Berlin since the Fall of the Wall Karl Fischer Professor Karl Fischer keno other capital cy in Western Europe, Bern has been exposed to ups andl dawns in growth expectations leading to radical tums in strategic decisions of urban planning and turban design since 1989 in paral wit persisting cutural controversies. To understan the current scene of urtanism in Berlin as a basis fr meaning interventions we have to see what hs been happening In these felis since the 1980s. Following te fall ofthe wal in 1989, Bern quickiy became an exceptionally vibrant cultural metropolis in Europe. On the one hand, te reunifed cy was discovered asa Sleeping Beauty and as an object far investment by glatal nancial interests. n fact, this happened tice — firs inthe ofce sector in Berlin centre and then, after the Global Financlal isis inthe housing sect Intaly, these Investment activities were facused onthe redevelapment of Patsdamer Platz andthe area around the famous boulevard “Unter den Linden and alg Frecrichstrase in former soclalist East Bertin, Tisarea quickly became an arena for real estate speculation diven by globalized capital in search for \ovestment options that seemed tobe missing elsewhere. The area hd been ane ofthe mast important commercial cere (of Bertin before Wort War land seemed to te an atactve point of entry for developers naw that his pata the city Was accessible for them. But oerell the prices for land and property as well s rents, remained surpisingly lo for another decade, and so di the ost oflving.This was a basis fora custering of aistcally creative workers, foc the growth ofan alterative cultural scene, and for what we might cla classic bohemian and ats citure, measurable aso inthe burgeoning of urban cultura tourism and related service industies. In adton, the absence of fees at univestes just asin most other places in Germany helped foster a lvely student scene Until today, the city thrives onthe urbaisatin economies fats novation, but Berlin economy ssl eatvely weak The growth af jabs a a eve as might have been expected bi chard Farida arguments in Cites and the Creative Class (2004) has not happened, Thisis highlighted by the description chosen by Bertin mayor in 2004 as *poorbut sexy’ Berlin was called a “renters city” (Metestad), because ithad a higher percentage of rented housing then any other German city and German cite have a higher aropotion af ‘ented housing than mst cls in Europe anywau, While this is stil the ase trang eurent towards privatisation of housing began in 1989. This development lad the foundation for todays huge housing shortage that had found lite recognition at the ofl poltical evel unt the aca af the wave of refugee fram the Midle East and Africa in 2015, Today, this is certainly Berlin’ greatest challenge. But there range of other challenges that have been presentsince e-unification. Among these isthe reduction in planning and administrative staff which has cartributed toa numberof ‘major “planning disasters” inclucing the flue of completing the new airport in Brandenburg ~ a cause of tremendous embarrassment, Inthe 1980s the most significant cultural controversy tad found its culmination in Bern’ Intemational Building Exhibition (BA) of 1987 and its underlying major concepts of “Careful Urban Renewal” dvected at the sensitive repair and regeneration of neighbourhoods and "tical Reconstruction” ‘anpied where the destruction had tft no buildings that cous be repaired. There, new construction fllowed the structural principles of what had been in plate before. These concepts ‘were comerstones in the transformation ofthe city of post ‘wat modernism, transcending features Such as functional segregation, tower and slab developments as well as top- dwn and automobile-centred planning. The new principles found wise reception in the international uran design scene “These principles cartinuedta be apple after the fal ofthe wall when one of the most urgent tasks consisted in restoring the run-down East Bertin tenement using ists. The debate on ow the two pants ofthe cy should be developed and joined together was shaped by an associated cultural controversy centred on the alternatives of “the European City" versus the nation ofthe "US-American City” cearactersed by high-ise developments. This eventvally culminated in the urban design concept ofthe *Planwerk Innenstadt Brin” (1996). This was a framework forthe Lrhan design af the inner ety, which essetilly aimed for the crtical constriction ofthe urban layout ast had been porta World War with perimeter block buildings of up ta 22 mcomice height and a reduction ofthe space devoted to automobile taf The years up ta the mid-!990s were characterized by a climate of euphoria, Re-establshed as the captal of Germany inthis stratenic location between the old East and West blocs, Belin was expected to e-gain ts pre-war significance. Optimistic projections assumed big corporations ‘would relocate thelr heavquarters from Frankfurt, Hamburg, ‘Munich 2nd Dissevor, so would the mecka industry as well ‘asa majorly af new, innovative and economically productive industries. Tere were voices warning that this was wishful thinking, considering the de- centralised locational pattern of corporations inthe Federal Republic. But the planners were adamant predicting a population increase from 3.4 Million ta 1989 to 5 Million by 2010. So construction went ahead on several big urban project, akin to New Towns, that were built on the periphery ofthe City in contrast ta the suburban and high-fise estates of the post-war decades, the “Water Chas” of Rummelsburg and Spandau, as well as Karow andthe new urbanist exemplar of Kirchstelgfeld near Potsdam were mibed-use, compact urban ‘develonments representative ofthe nev typotony of "New Urvan Quarters" ("Neve Stachquartere”). Berti’ population ‘growth, however, dd not matenase as preted, and so the bul resus ofthe master-planned projets dd not ive up to expectations. By 2015, the population of Bertin had only Increased to 35 millon. The decades afterthe fll of the wall were thusinfluenced ‘ya series of high expectations followed by dsilusionment and stagnation. nal, rents were only iowty sing, but ‘gentrifcation was accelerating after the milennium and sky-tocketedin the aftermath of the global nancial crisis, ‘which e-dvected the attention of global canta to Berlin's ‘ea estate market, this time inthe housing sector. Thus, a ‘majority of recent housing projects have been geared towares, the interests of plobal investors focused on up-market segments, as exempltied by the Europa City project curently ‘Under constuction jost north of Berlin new Central Station. ‘while bute with an eye towards sustanabilty in physical design, only 43 of ts 2,850 apartments are inthe affordable category, Social housing had vstually been discontinued in the 1990s, ‘and the contractual obligations to keep rents loin certain sectors of the social housing market were about 1 un out completely, These factors contribute ta rising pressure. Housing shortages and socal potatsation were thus alreavy ‘becoming dramatic, when a completely new situation ‘emerged in 2015 withthe arrival ofa big wave of 80,000 ‘refugees from Syria and other countries. Suddenly population ‘projections had tobe dramatically up-staled: the dramatic ‘ature of the housing crisis could no longer be overlooked ‘The urgency of raving housing forthe refugees means thatthe processes of planning and implementation have tobe pected up ina way as never befare. This poses, significant practical problems and the of ik politcal conflict. Where and haw to strike the balance between fast ‘racking with recuced contro, thereby jeopardising sociak ‘and ecological principles, and speeding up the bureaucratic frocesses ina responsible way s currently a ‘contentious matter. “This isthe situation which the joint studio undertaken by the MUDD studio and TU Beri Institut Stadtetau und Regionalplanung took asa starting point, aiming to develop strategies and forms for an inclusive city wth a focus on affordable housing fora broad spectrum ofthe population, ‘Master of Urtan Development Design 2015-2016 101‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Kreuzberg and the International Building Exhibition 1987 Jim Hudson (So oF Jim Hudson 102 ‘West Bertin 1979: for almost wa decades stranded in East Germany as an “slano’ ofthe West, wit ttle he it seemed ‘ofthe city or the nation, ever being reunited. As part of the capital ofthe Cold War. both divided halves ofthe city hhad already seen exemplar Urtan renewal projects ~ the Hansaviertel inthe West, and Stalinallee (now Kert-NMarx- Allee) in the East. ‘Buti parts of West Bertin had played host to some ofthe ‘most utopian design ofthe time elsewhere — the south- eastern district of Kreuzberg ~ wasa living example af some ‘ofthe worst and mast cynical urban development. The ‘area had long been in decline, wth its argely 19th century housing blocks falling apart, and a large and poor immigrant ‘population. Atthe same time, however, cheap ents and ‘other factors (such as residents of West Bertin being able to avoid the miltary draft) fuelled Kreuzberg as. centre of political and social counter-culture, an area for artists, ‘musicians and radical thinking, that importantly also induded ‘experimentation with squats and new ways of communal ving ‘The 1970s had seen redevelopment the centre of the district withthe Neves Kreuzberger Zentrum a series of arge- scale matlerist housing blacks designed in anticipation of ‘a major freeway which would have destroyed great swathes ofthe Ith cenlury city gin, a destructive urban renewal scheme typical of western cies atthe time, Butin the end the freeway never happened, and Kreuzberg was lft with the vast development that nad no integration wth the urban ‘gain around i and became a Snk estate forthe areas Poorer immigrant (pecominantiy Tarkst) popuiaton. Jn the 1980s, however, Kreuzberg became a major stene ‘of Bertin remarkable post-modern international Building Exhibition known as the IBA, the 1987 Internationale ‘BauAustellung'(see synopsis of IBA, p. 103), ‘Athuge number of varied projects were carried out as part ‘ofthe IBA program, some of which added new structures, and some of which simply improved what was already there, ‘out often withthe ivolvement ofthe existing residents. Projects studied on the MUDD walking tour through this part of Berlin included a re-adoption ofthe old Berin system ‘flocks around courtyards, such asthe work by Hinrich ‘and Inken Baller on Fraenkelufer. This brought innovative ‘apartment design and landscaping inta the care ofthe black, ‘which in the past had been engulfed by small-scale factorles ‘and industrial sheds. "Next door, a renovation scheme saw the refurbishment of a nineteenth century housing block that had been partly ‘demolished. Saved through direct action, the remnant fabricvias stabilised and transformed with an intricate series of 1987 Bertin International Building Exhibition (BA) connected community roof spaces and glaze facades Today, several apartments are pat ofthe student housing scheme of The 1987 Berlin IBA pursued two strategies directed by two Bertin Technicat University, ‘organisational branches. n the mixed-use neighbourhoods ofthe eastern part of Kreuzberg, one branch introduced (Other schemes included new schools (inflling the courtyards the principles of arefut urban renewal, for which ts head, of housing blocks in new weys), new parks landscaping and Hardt-Walther Himer (1922-2012), had aleady laid the community arjects. Some ofthese, which cant be seen foundations in the 1970s. Careful urban renewal meant from the street as pieces of architecture’ were important ‘enavation instead of demolition it strove to avoid the ‘nonetheless and sometimes marked a radical shit in ‘displacement of residents and to retain the traditanal fine thinking by allowing residents graups to rebuild theirown gran functional mx of housing and workshops inthe area, budings to ft wth their own, often communitarian needs. __the so-called "Kreuzberg Mix: This strategy concemed with the regeneration of the old historic building stock was called ‘The IBA program has anironic legacy the Bertin Wall fell IBA Altvau t could not work, however, nthe western gart before many ofthe projects were completed, and Kreuzberg of Kreurberg, which had been much more severely damaged sucideny found itself reconnected and atthe centre ofthe inthe war Allthat was lft there was the grid ofthe baroque. city, In trying to save a district ofthe city that wasseen asa city extension, within which modernist agolomerations fallue, the IBA program in effect od much to reve an area _oflarge-scale housing projects had been but. This area that is increasingly the most sought-after pace tale in ‘proved a particular challenge. Here, the 1BA Neubau’ Berin leaving toa new influx of much weathiermigrants branch concentrated on experimenting with new forms of ‘anda fap proces of gentrification, architeture and urban design without lasing the connection withthe past. Its director, the architect josef-PaulKlelhues The postive logacies ofthe 1987 IBA for todays Bein (0933-2004) had immersed himself in research on Bers Include the etum of perimeter blockhousing after the mid- urban history fora number of years in preparation for this Oth century experiment vith modernist towers andslabs, new tase He invented the method of ctcal reconstruction, and retical means of building rocurementtrough dvect This concept meant that, while employing new architecture, action, now coded in the smal but significant urban design wasto follow the structural principles of what cohousing movement. had ben in place before wartime destruction. Inthe absence ‘of pre-war buildings, the strategy therefore aimed for an Cohousing in Bertin embraces a range of alternative housing orientation towards the historic pattern of streets and public models and approaches. Teseinclude rational and new spaces, parcels, building ines and heights, urban deny, stule cooperatives, community-criven housing former squats social micas well asa mix of actors and architect. The with acquired legal ight stf-build multi-housing and term citical’ meant keeping acca distance to simply architected creative alternatives. Many ofthese models _relcating the destroyed buildings. After the fl ofthe wal, cuerlap and arestila riche phenomencn but are usually __this approach formed thebasis ofthe 1996 'Planuesk Beli *selF-organsed building groups” or"Baugrupper These _ strategy introduced and implemented by Berl bulding groups organise nance acquit sites and become developers director ofthe post Wall ea, Hans Simmann tutte fundamental impulse tends to be strong community Professor Karl Fischer ideals and the making af hames imbued with use-value, nc Investment properties positioned in the market for exchange- valve. The persistence of radical alternatives to untrammelied market forces remains one of the most powerful curents of Beri urban culture “The persistence of radical {in Hudson (sa London uased writer on architecture and ia eeeete reeten x et eeret ae (heed alternatives to untrammelled inBerint market forces remains one of the most powerful currents of Berlin's urban culture” ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 103104 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin Urban Renewal in Moabit-West Xu Jingwen + Zhang Suxin + Zhang Yichao project site was selected in the neighbourhood of Moabit. Founded in 1818 and located on the outer ring of the 1B62 Hobrecht Plan, Moab experiences poor ving conditions caused by industial palstion, tow education fevels and abandoned buildings. Historically it was an Industral suburb, which creates a need forredevelopment, as Berlin economy has shifted toa creative and corporate cuture. The ste also contained fragmented green spaces that have potential for integration and the proposed urban design framenork rebuilds a city squarein the area originally outlined inthe Hobrecht Plan, This, 1 combination with the new waterfront park, forms anew corridor and central hut for movement throughout the neighbourhood. The waterfront park also creates waterfront pedestrian walkwaus,revitaising the area and providing an area of resptzin the midst of fast-paced city life. ‘The ses located between two rll stations onthe S-Bahn, a heavily trafficked train csling Beatin. Therefore, tis ‘provides an opportunity fr implementation ofa new S-Bahn station to provide resents with better acces to jabs and exiucation,Industtalbulldngs ae adaptively reused to create better job opportunites for the area and allotment gardens ‘ate provided to create a sense of community and produce {ocally-qrawn food for resents. A bicycle bridge further helos to easily connect a low-income aopvlation to amenities ‘and opportunities in central Bertin. connects the north and south banks of the River Spree, which runs through Bertin ‘enkre and forms the spine of much of Bern's commercial ‘development,Propose buiding ste Placementof vrioustend uses Location ofproposedstation _Pedestianlinks ta mejor fetes ‘eral perspectvalocking nortwest ‘Arial perspecteooking southeast ‘Master of Urhan Development & Design 2015-2016 105106 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin Hobrecht Plan Extension, Wedding | TXL Kuang Wenjie + Miao Nijin + Ren Zihan + Sie Thung Lau A project ste was selected in the neighbourhood of Wedding. ‘Weafing is 3 mutietnic neighbourhood experiencing alenges in maintaining affordable using and spaces for creative industries ina gentifyng mate. Currentiy, 30% of the population s Turkish, and cultural awareness and identity are important te area. ts easy accessibility to the aly centre and adjacency tothe Tegel apart ste makes ita highly desirable neighbourhood. The lrpor wl be cased in ive years and redeveloped into a mixed-use community inclusing residences a science research park, and industrial! commerclal area. ts projected residential popuiation s 5,500 and employ ment wil be 15,000, The redevelopmentimpacts wil aut further pressure an Weeding to abort an Increased population. ‘Urtan design framework ‘Wediing is expected to face high afc volumes inthe future both vehicular and pedestrian. As solution the urban ‘design framework creates perimeter buildings to create an active street wal, while ravers onthe edges lio light to pass ‘through, Walkable pathways provide easy access to intetor «courtyards and exterir public green spaces, The hicks will be subelvided in order to atract a mix of private and public and ‘vanes, thus creating building variety and socal versity in the neighbourhoad The project wil provide 1000 apartments in ation to increased ob opportunities for residents. 7 preserve Berl identity asa low-se city with ample open Space the project creates green bets and parks between buisings anda central intersectians. The urban design framework wil alow Weiing ta create affordable housing anda mixed community before the a¢potredevelonment ‘geiriies the area. Therefore sa forward-thinking solution that proses the cizens of Bertin above the protabiity ‘of development.GK sting st overlaye on Haber Plan balding Wicks oad and ral network a Tees a master of Urtian Development & Design 2015-2016 107108 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin Mass Housing, Affordability, Hi Bertin population has experienced frequent rses and falls ‘over time. The 1862 Hobrecht Plan was produced during 2 period of industrialisation and fast urbanisation; atthe star. ff the 19th century, Belin had a population af 170,000 and 18 milion at the end ofthe century, One of the main goals of the plan was to regulate city expansion, Although It ad mixed results, its legacy is enormous, and there is alot to be learnt from the pracesses of its design, implementation ‘and transformation. In.2006, Bertin was named a ‘Cty of Design’ by UNESCO far its lourshing creative culture ~ and the cty seeks to maintain tis Berlin's development is embedded in a range of participatory processes, and in order to stem te tide of galloping gentication tere sa song fowus on social mix, jobrecht socal cohesion, and affordable housing in neighbourhoods. The cys polices further advocate for these goals. Bertin targets 25-33% affordable novsing in all new projets (tke DDaldrup 2015), has noa-prot land ownershia models (for instance, “Baugruppen” involve groups of ctizens buying plots of land as wel as building together to keep costs down, and form strong communities), caps ent increases aver a three-yeor period, and requires citizens to seck approval fr holiday homes or home conversions, The subsicised housing stock ad been in decline until recent, and Bertin has plans In place to double it by 2025, Berin’s detailed and thoughtful planning process was set upto create well-designed socially ‘mixed solutions to housing needs; however, this also means itstruggles to keop up with the construction speed to meet housing demand foeit yseiaino 184 Sota ak Ga nin Canny Lo i I lot 1 tecee ts | Cental of cemanémae Ext Benin capac pin esr pie ‘German Engice ‘Vicon Repulc Notion Federal Republi and German Demecratic Republic Federal Reputic Socialist (ald War Petiod Period (Current Population Forecast 2015 ‘in celation ta popuaton przction 201-2030 soo 2,700 3s0 3,600 3,500 3as0 3400 300 Sire tia rencontre a Gentiteation has been expanding and \62 focato consider in our projet ste inPrenalauer Berg Beitins highly anticipatory urban planing culture and ring eats have led to much community acts anc uae Te _proteststokeop rents arable |n.2015, population grt had exceeded the highest forecast. Nis expected t increase by 400,000 ince 201), ntincuding retugees ard 600.000 inloting refugeesSocial Housing ae Nad Neamt Fock ‘Social housing praduction has been in deci sinc and privatisation and the trends expecta to continue Policies protsing affordability Social cabesion ‘ensure housing efordablity, Ben has several polis on afordablay including: Rent nex System which regulates rental prices + Rent contr: 19244 euros per year (for 2016 & 2017) wl be contnbuted (Lite Daterup 2015) + Rentincreases are limited 15% in three years + Minimum 25% soci housing Istequied +2012 creation ate Alance for Soiak Fevsing Policy and Affordable Rent NamkgUikiciclgetoneren + Ben plans to crease soca housing see egtatan Magenta The Rent nex Systm which highlights Stock throug 2025, “Tocombat social sayregtion, the city of high met, and Low market rental areas erin hasintitives/progrms that sok to throughout Bern tis used ta set last lnwotve eizens inthe improvement oftheir ensure rental pices donot exceed ‘neighbournond, empower them to omparabie rics by mote than 10% partpatein development and create small improvement projects. The Hobrecit Plan was produced during 2 pariod of industiatstion and fast urbanisation. At the start of the 19th century. rin hac 2 popuiation of 170,000 ania te ond had 8 milion Key tsk was regulate cy expansion and was mosiyimplementes by private stakeholders (Only detailed the stee area and boundary lines for housing constuction; suited inthe iseof vate speculation and thus highly dense blacks. Ruatons were focused on fe access tothe bling wich determined dimensions of the courtyards. ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 109110 MUDD 21 - City Visions I Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin Initial 11 Design Schemes Prenziaver Berg is a suburt located tothe northeast of Bein city centre in the district of Pankow Projet teams were assigned a site with an amazingly comalex set of ‘variables to consider when redeveloping. At the physical level, these variables include ample open spaces, quickly changing topography, segmentation by ral tracks, Deutsche ‘Demokratische Republik (ODR/GOR) era residential tower bcs, strict government offices, a pubic school, a swimming pool a large industrial centre, abandoned rail tracks and heritage protected buildings, One ofthe most notable features on sites an immense statue of Ernst Thalmann, a Communist Party leader-turned-marty. Surounding the sit, there isa mix a Hobrecht era courtyard buildings and early 20th century typololes. As rental prices have been sloly increasing in Prenziauer Berg, the projec sit provides 2 unique opportunity for affordable housing The ste is well cannected to public transpot as itis within walking estance of S-Bahn stations (Grefswalder & Prenzlauer Allee, ight ral and bus stops Urban Nucleus This scheme aims to revitalise the exstig Prenzlauer Berg neighbourhood through a self-contained community, a sel sustaining ecology and a setf-sufcient economy that will, benefit potential inhabitants. There isan emphasis upon the connectivity of green spaces asa catalyst for socal interaction, Living in Green Oasis “The scheme intended ta integrate green technology into the building systems and park connections. It encourages solar panel use amongst the new development and integrated water sustainable urban designs promoted in oder to create anew urban habitat Boardway ‘This scheme focused on connecting the ua block 19 the husting main steets while retaining the existing site characteristics. Adtionaly, introducing new programs, such as an aftstc centre, will create community resources that appeal toa variety of prospective inhabitants. Health Kiez The scheme intended to create a healthy neighbourhood ‘through the provision of public health infrastructure and green connectivity The heritage buildings are to be adaptively reused ‘or health and medical uses, Given the complexities on site and Berns need fr mass affordable housing students were tasked to create design proposal or the ste that considered the 1862 Hobrecht Plan for Berin’ expansion but also created a new vsion forits development. Students spent iong hours designing in TU-Berin’ studio space to create eleven schemes for redevelopment, cach with a diferent perspective an housing typologies, neighbourhond identity, and walkable routes. Berlin concept of a "kez a small neighbourhood with a close-knit set-realsed identity, featured stonglyin student sesign strategies. Once tack in Sygney, students refined the schemes further int sb designs. eshte cur tod ne Ee A-Data, acs ci oe Ee es Fn Fo kta Me eto Lvs as Manus Sach a Lada ec MO Feira ie acre ase vne es HanaGreen Density ‘The scheme aims to use elements ofthe Hobrecht Block, DDR Era residential towers and surounding early 20th Century ‘modernist blocks to create newer building typoiony. The scheme wil focus on creating uses around the open spaces to promate ‘lextbie and diverse uses, Affordable housing wll be achieved through vertical mixing in selected buildings throughout the site Thalmann Kiez ‘The scheme provides perimeter biock bulding typologies that are characterised by a 40% provision af affordable housing and {60% detication of space for soca infrastructure. Mast biocks ‘will be two to tree storays, with 2 raf level that is a shared space for building occupants. Liveable Axes The scheme emphasises the relationship between diferent types of infrastructure, encouraging mixed-uses by mixing building functions horizontally and vertically. The scheme also proposes a number of zones that cater for a mix of public and residential functions. Neighbourhood Connect “The scheme intends to increase connectivity between seighbouriod blocks through the relationshia between semi-private space (courtyar) to public spaces. This is done in ‘order to helps increase the types of social interactions that can ‘occuras well as create a stronger sense of neighbourhood, Newcomers This scheme focuses onthe spatial elements of community, neighbourhood and city space. An important strategy i to promote diferent communities to share and interact through the neightaurhood squares. These squares are provided in central Locations in order to full utilse the mala thoroughfares of pedestrian movement. Share it “The scheme references Habrecht’s orginal intention af the provision of a mixed housing typology, accessible faclities and apen space by eventing new development models. The ‘development models are characterized by madern typologies and the provision of special community shared spaces. Anton Saetkow Kiez This scheme intends to pravide large amounts af public space with a wide range of meeting points and functions. will. be pravided through a wide pedestrian promenade that is connected to parks inorder to bring a dynamic flow of energy through the site as well as sense of community and creativity ‘Master of Urban Development & Design 2015-2016 11]12 ‘MUDD 21 - City Visions I Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin Critical Evaluation of 11 Schemes ‘The process of refining the M schemes involved cal reection on what makes 2 good urban design framework, and how to clique and tern from each athers wark The cass drew on exper feedback from two sets of Jury panels, one from a Beatin panel focusing on the ital I designs and the other froma Sydney pane focusing onthe overal experience and education ofthe class from te international stuio Based on the feedback, the class discussed common themes that needed improvement and develoned a set of criteria that reflected wtat the class learned and valued as urban designers. “The resuiting criteria consisted of te following: affordably, liveablity, sustainability, vibrant apen space, neighbourhood ‘qualities, and implementation strategu. Using these criteria, Four Koy Temes Space between te buds and RT Ry erste pangs me cess BEB BER Micrtetnbccocr vate onte BEET BEET ceensrece promoting satis tht activated them, Details onthe typelagy of buildings and the relationship to resulting typolngy ofthe open spaces need ta be thoughtfully considered, ‘The brief, the client, financing and Understanding our thoughts on ‘the brlef - It helps to determine the context in which the designs operate and understand our own resgonses tothe tle. can help determine the quality f desig response Additionally nancial analyses are important especially when onsidering the implementation and ‘easiilty of affordable housing schemes. cach of the T designs was evaluated by the dass to decide ‘which 6 schemes had the most potential fr further concept evelopment. Projects were assessed an evaluation sheets, and six schemes were chosen which performed best against the class devised ctteta ‘Before futher work was dang, tre las had to retect on why these schemes scored better than the others and looked for pattems in the evaluation scores. Discussions resuted in a ‘deeper understanding ofthe strengths and weaknesses of each ‘design This helped the class in clearly dentiying the direction to evolve the schemes forthe next iteration The class was then ivided into graups to wark an the six schemes, Relating policy to the design - This helps to ground the design into reality, Policies pertaining to hertage fas the sites a heritage spectal character area) and provisions of open space, affowable housing and building controls. are important considerations. Applicable affordable housing ‘and social housing strategies - Consideration of diferent cultures was highlighted and how this would impact resident ifestyles. The project needs innovative management practices for social and affordable housing that are Unique to Beri to help maintain 2 social ixEvaluation Criteria Components of Criteria soit a ae Riererasaninsesi exible to meet needs of ferent fy" nate res cig lg: ier nt ae Ehyestonss: Ene

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