ROMANIA

MARKET SIZE
POPULATION
TOTAL POPULATION:
(January 2000)
Spanish Institute of Foreign Trade-Country Cards 2001
POLICY FRAMEWORK
(December 2001)
UKRAINE SLOVAKIA 22,455,500
Population density:
(January 2000)
UT PR
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Cutting semi-presidential parliamentary republic, following
the French model. HEAD OF STATE: President of the Republic, elected every four y
ears and re-elected once. Since December 2000, Ion Iliescu (PSD).
94.2 hab./km2
GROWTH RATE:
(1999)
-0.14%
URBAN POPULATION:
(2000)
HUNGARY 54.8%
ORADEA
SIR ET
IASI
DISTRIBUTION BY GENDER:
(1999)
PEOPLE MAIN CITIES:
MOLDOVA
CLUJ-NAPOCA
MALE: FEMALE: Age distribution:
(2000)
48.9% 51.1%
(Inhabitants, 1.7.1999)
BUCHAREST:
(Capital)
2011305
BACAU
UKRAINE
CONSTANCE:
MUR
IASI: CLUJ-NAPOCA: TIMISOARA: GALATI: Craiova: BRASOV:
0-14: 15-59: 60 +:
18.3% 62.9% 18.8%
347,606 340,497 332,941 328,148 327,928 313,173 312,481
ES
ARAD
OLT
TIMISOARA
BRASOV
GALATI
NU DA
BIO
Bicameral Parliament: Parliament, elected every four years by direct universal s
uffrage, is composed of the Chamber of Deputies, with 345 seats and the Senate w
ith 140 members. The last legislative and presidential elections were held on No
vember 26 and December 10, 2000, first and second rounds, respectively. PRIME MI
NISTER: Since December 2000, Adrian Nastase (PSD). GOVERNING PARTY: The Social D
emocratic Party of Romania (PSD) (155 deputies) who was training the most votes
in the last election, but failed to win an absolute majority. The main oppositio
n party is the Great Romania Party (PRM) (84 deputies).
PITESTI PLOIESTI Braila
DANUBE
TULCEA
(Mouths of the Danube)
DA NU BIO
BUCHAREST
Craiova
CONSTANCE
AL CAN
INCOME
Gross Domestic Product
GDP by expenditure components:
Current prices (billions of lei Romanian, 2000) VALUE%
YUGOSLAVIA
BLACK SEA
RED RIVER RAIL ROAD MAIN BUSINESS AREA 0 50 100 150 km
DANUBE
BULGARIA
Private consumption Public consumption Gross fixed capital formation Changes in
inventories Exports of goods and services Imports of goods and services GDP at m
arket prices
99 635 147 210 588 304 271 290 317 585 796 534 7681
73.9 12.5 18.5 1.0 34.1 -39.9 100.0
SOCIAL INTEREST DATA
Ethnic groups: Ethnic minorities account for about 11% of the total population.
The most important is the Hungarian (7.1% of total), which follow the Gypsy (2.0
%), and then the German original is in decline (0.5%). About eight million Roman
ians living abroad. RELIGIONS: The 86.8% of the population is Orthodox, Catholic
5.0% and 3.5% Protestant. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Romanian, the language of Latin or
igin relatively easily understood. As working languages are also used French, En
glish and German.
GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Romania is located in southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan peninsula. Has an
area of 238 391 km2, of which in 1999 were 62% farmland. Romanian Relief is set
by a 31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, and 33% are plains. The Carpathian
mountain range crosses the country in an arc, reaching an altitude moderate comp
ared with other European systems, its highest peaks, the Moldoveanu (2544 m) and
Negoiu (2535 m), are also the highest altitude the country. The most fertile la
nds are in the plains. The climate is transitional continental with four clearly
differentiated seasons. Minimum temperatures in winter can vary between -5 º C
to -20 º C and maximum in summer between 35 º and 40 º C.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
(Bucharest) January-February: -3 º C JULY-AUGUST: 21 º C
(2000)
(Prev 2001)
REAL GROWTH OF GDP:
1.6%
4.5%
GDP PER CAPITA:
(U.S. dollars, 2000)
1604.7
NATURE OF THE ECONOMY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
EMPLOYED POPULATION BY SECTOR:
(1999)
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
GDP by industry
Current prices (billions of lei, 2000) VALUE%
AGRICULTURE: INDUSTRY: CONSTRUCTION: SERVICES: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE:
(2000)
40.6% 24.4% 4.0% 31.0% 10.5%
Agriculture Industry Construction Services Other GDP at market prices
90,805 219,843 38,234 371,185 76,467 796,534
11.4 27.6 4.8 46.6 9.6 100.0
PRICES:
(Variation 2000 / 1999)
ROADS: The road network consists of 73 435 km, of which 18% are national roads w
hich runs 60% of road traffic. In 1999 road carried 279 million tons of cargo an
d 192 million passengers. There are only 114 km of highways linking the capital
with Pitesti. Currently under construction the highway Bucharest-FestestiCernavo
da.€There is a government plan for the modernization of roads in a manner simil
ar to Spanish REDIA PLAN. International financial institutions-the EU through th
e ISPA program and the World Bank provide much of the funding for the modernizat
ion of the network. It is expected that three European corridors crossing the co
untry. RAIL: The railway infrastructure is oversized. The network has a length o
f 10 981 km, of which 36% is electrified and 27% is double track. With respect t
o the width of the track, 10 924 km wide are European and Russian 60 km in width
(the latter between the city of Galati and the border with Ukraine). In 1999, r
ail transported 63 million tons of cargo and 129 million passengers. There is a
modernization of the Pan-European Corridors IV and IX.
TRANSPORTATION Romanian port infrastructure is installed mainly along the course
of the SEA Danube River where there are six ports and is Y RIVER: united by a c
anal 68 km to the port of Constanza on the Black Sea by passing 60% of foreign t
rade in goods. In 1999 it transported 14 million tons of cargo by water and almo
st 3 million tons by sea. The blockade of the Danube as a measure to punish Yugo
slavia obstructed the transportation through the Danube and seriously affected t
he Romanian economy. With respect to seaports, it should be noted that of Consta
nza's largest Black Sea and the only container terminal with a hydrocarbon. It i
s a free zone. AIRPORTS: Romania has seventeen national airports, of which four
have the status of international airports: Otopeni, Baneasa, Timisoara and Const
anta. Almost all foreign trade is done through the airport of Otopeni (Bucharest
) which is in the process of modernization. They will also be modernized airport
s in Timisoara, Constanta, Arad and Bacau. Air transport is highly capital inten
sive. There are plans to privatize the flag carrier, Tarom, after the first priv
atization attempt in 1999 failed. New private equity firms operate along regiona
l lines.
CONSUMER PRICES: GOVERNMENT DEFICIT:
(2000)
PA LES Ã CHARACTER STICASDELOSPRINCI PRODUCTIVE SECTORS GDP 3.6% 45.7%
In 2000 the Romanian private sector generated 64.5% of GDP and accounted for 94.
6% of agricultural production, 76% of the service sector, 87.3% of the construct
ion, about 65% of foreign trade and 64% of total investment. Contributed only 31
% of industrial production, due to the slow pace of the privatization process is
performing. Romania has 14.8 million ha of farmland. The climate and soil ferti
lity are conducive to making this country an agricultural powerhouse. The main c
rop is cereals. Other important crops are industrial (oil and sugar beets), vine
and fruit and vegetable. Agriculture is characterized by its significant contri
bution to GDP and the high proportion of labor employed and the high level of no
n-market production and the lack of export specialization. The major challenges
are facing the fact that the privatization process has not been finalized, the l
ack of mechanization of the soil, farmers' financial situation that prevents the
m from acquiring machinery and deterioration of the irrigation system. Although
Romania's mineral reserves are limited, has deposits of copper, bauxite, lead, z
inc, iron ore, oil, gas, gold, uranium and salt. This country was a major export
er of oil and natural gas until the early sixties. From 1976-1993 oil production
registered a decline in the case of natural gas continues. At the beginning of
the 90s the situation of the Romanian industry was very serious because of the e
nergy dependence, the outdated production processes used, the gigantic industria
l complexes, the archaic internal management systems and the low level of intern
ational marketing products. These factors were added as a result of the reform p
rocess of stockpiling and heavy debt. The industrial sector rose from 54.0% of G
DP in 1989 to only 27.8% in 2000. From 1997 to 1999 the industrial production in
dex showed continued reductions, although in 2000 grew by 8% and is expected to
do in 2001 to 5.2%. In 2000, growth in all industrial sub-sectors, accounted for
the largest export-oriented activities such as clothing, equipment, machinery,
chemical and synthetic fibers, and metal products.€The energy industry is under
going restructuring. In the services sector which has proved more active private
sector in recent years. In 1999 the 318 736 existing businesses, 83% belonged t
o the branch of service. In 2000 exhibited a dynamic transport and housing subse
ctor. As the privatization process of the 1341 companies that were privatized in
2000, only 24 were large companies, most of which belonged to the tertiary sect
or and construction. Among the highlights privatized manufacturing yards Tulcea
and Braila, Bacau Aerostar aircraft industry, oil refinery Petromidia Navodari a
nd paper producer Lethe Bacau. In 2001, privatization has been initiated SIDEX,
which is the largest steel company in southeast Europe.
BUSINESS AND BANKING SERVICES
MARKETING
The main feature of the distribution chain is that the Romanian retail segment i
s highly fragmented. There are many small shops and very few retailers with nati
onal or regional coverage. Retail trade, often still run distribution costs, go
to stock directly from the factories, the warehouses of the importers and wholes
ale centers. In 1996 he opened the first supermarket in the capital. Its success
has led to the extension of the network that already has seven new stores in ma
jor cities. Are developing the private channels of distribution, specializing in
product ranges. The expansion of the sector is hampered by the restrictions of
the financial system. The Romanian market offers excellent opportunities for the
supply of industrial equipment and technology transfer to large state enterpris
es undergoing restructuring and privatization. Romanian sectors in which Spanish
equipment may have many opportunities are: food machinery, beer, confectionery,
bakery and meat-industrial, textile machinery, packaging machinery, agricultura
l machinery, machine tools, and everything related to construction. Romanian tex
tile industry, in need of upgrades and export-oriented, offers good prospects bo
th in machinery and raw materials. In recent years aumetado foreign investment i
n the textile and footwear favored by the low cost of labor and using formulas i
nward. Traditionally, the main event was the fair grounds Tirgul International B
ucharest (TIB), which specializes in industrial and technical sector, is publish
ed annually and is an excellent opportunity to assess the commercial opportuniti
es of the Romanian market. While TIB is the most important, other fairs are high
lighting consumer goods and food TIBCO, the CONSTRUCT EXPO construction, the tex
tile sector BITM the BIFE-TIMB furniture and food industry INDAGRA.
BANKS
The National Bank of Romania (BNR) is the central bank. In late 2000 there were
41 registered banks, of which 24 had foreign capital participation and 8 were br
anches of foreign banks. There are two banks with state capital, the Romanian Co
mmercial Bank (BCR) and the Romanian Bank Export-Import (Eximbank), the latter p
rovides warranty on the commercial and political risk in foreign trade operation
s. The savings bank (CEC) enjoys a special status. There is no Spanish bank with
branches operating in Romania. As regards the privatization of the financial se
ctor, we must mention the privatization of the Agricultural Bank in 2001 and the
BCR privatization project in 2002. The implementation of European legislation i
n the field of financial services is well advanced in this regard have taken imp
ortant steps in liberalizing the foreign exchange market, which currently have d
irect access to the majority of registered banks. The current account transactio
ns are liberalized.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
(Millions of U.S. dollars, 2000)
Trade balance Exports (FOB) Imports (FOB) services and income Current transfers
Current account Capital account Direct investment Portfolio investment Other inv
estment Financial account Net errors and omissions
1684 535 860 1359 10 366 12 050 36 102 805 1943 286 1036
EXTERNAL DEBT
(Millions of U.S. dollars, 2000)
Total external debt
9863.4
External debt / GDP
26.9%
MARKET OPENNESS AND ACCESSIBILITY
MARKET OPENING DEGREE
(Goods, 2000)
EVOLUTION OF EXCHANGE RATES
(Period average) 1997 1998 1999 2000
FOREIGN TRADE (IMPORT Export.ar +.) / GDP Imports / GDP
63.8% 35.6%
TOTAL IMPORT / EXPORT GLOBAL TOTAL IMPORT / EXPORT WORLD
0.20% 0.16%
ROMANIAN LEI / DOLLAR USA = 7167.9 8875.6 15332.8 21708.7 U.S. dollar / ECU-EURO
*= 1.134 1.121 1.066 0.924
* ECU exchange rates until December 1998 and the euro from 1999.
STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN TRADE
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ROMANIAN FOREIGN TRADE
(Percent structure, 2000)
MARKET ACCESS
TRADE REGIME
Exports and imports of goods in Romania are liberalized. Any legal person can pe
rform foreign trade operations if that activity is registered in the Commercial
Register. Licenses are required for foreign trade operations resulting from clea
ring operations, external debt collection by the State or receiving government c
redit lines. In early 2001, Romania banned the export of logs. For the import of
second hand goods license is required, which is granted automatically. The Roma
nian government can establish quantitative import restrictions if problems of ba
lance of payments or believes that the import of certain goods can be a serious
injury to domestic production. Some products are given a minimum value at the bo
rder (detergents, coffee, biscuits, olives, sunflower oil, flour, etc..), If the
 value of imported goods is lower than the latter, be paid a supplementary fee t
he amount of difference. The institutional framework in which relationships deve
lop between the EU and Romania is the Europe Agreement establishing an Associati
on between the European Communities and their Member States on the one hand and
the Republic of Romania on the other, signed on 1 February 1993 and in force sin
ce 1 February 1995 (Official Journal of the EU, L 357/94). The amount of aid, pr
e-accession Romania is very important, in 2001 stood at around 630 million euros
, is channeled through the Phare, ISPA and SAPARD. Romania has free trade agreem
ents with Moldova, Turkey, Israel, EFTA and the EU.
IMPORTS
ITALY EU 18.7% 56.6% 19.2% OTHER WORLD ITALY 22.4%
EXPORTS
EU 63.8% 15.1% OTHER WORLD MOLDOVA 1.7% EGYPT 1.4% EE. UU. TURKEY 6.1% 3.7% 2.0%
OTHER CEFTA BULGARIA HUNGARY 3.4% 2.8%
KOREA 1.6% TURKEY 2.1% GERMANY 14.7% EE. UU. 3.0%
RUSSIA 8.6%
GERMANY 15.7%
KINGDOM FRANCE SPAIN OTHER COUNTRY AUSTRIA GREECE HUNGARY CEFTA REST CEFTA 8.9%
3.9% 6.1% 2.9% 2.5% KINGDOM NETHERLANDS EU 1.0% 5.0% 4.1% 2.2% 4.4%
AUSTRIA GREECE SPAIN FRANCE OTHER COUNTRIES CEFTA 3.1% 2.4% 1.1% 8.2% EU 7.0% 3.
2% 8.9% LOW
ROMANIAN FOREIGN TRADE BY PRODUCTS
Tariff Sections Romanian (million U.S. dollars, 2000)
VALUE% CHANGE 00/99
HISPANO-ROMANIAN BILATERAL TRADE
Tariff chapters of the EU's Combined Nomenclature (thousands of euros, 2000)
VALUE% CHANGE 00/99
IMPORTS (CIF) XVI. Machinery, electrical equipment XI. Textiles and textile manu
factures V. Mineral products VI. Chemical products XV. Base metals and articles
thereof VII. Plastics and articles thereof, rubber XVII. Transport equipment IV.
Food industry products VIII. Skins, hides, fur XVIII. Optical instruments and a
pparatus, picture Remaining Imports Exports (FOB) XI. Textiles and textile artic
les XV. Base metals and articles thereof XVI. Machinery, electrical equipment V.
Mineral products XII. Footwear, headgear, umbrellas IX. Wood and articles of wo
od XX. Miscellaneous manufactured VI. Chemical products XVII. Transport Equipmen
t VII. Plastics and articles thereof, rubber exports Remaining
13054.0 3215.5 2131.1 1892.9 1077.2 890.9 581.5 551.6 476.2 362.0 349.5 2505.6 1
657.9 1450.9 1525.6 10366.5 821 8 789.4 564.0 532.8 518.4 509.2 229.5 787.0
25.6 32.1 10.0 51.2 10.5 29.7 21.8 12.7 14.3 19.9 37.4 13.2 21.9 14.0 26.5 49.9
63, 7 15.6 13.9 6.1 58.5 9.2 25.8 -10.5
SPANISH EXPORTS (FOB) 84. Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery 69. 87 Ceramic pr
oducts. Motor vehicles, tractors 85. 39 Electrical machinery and apparatus. Plas
tics and articles thereof 32. 16 Tanning or dyeing. Meat, fish 48. Paper and car
dboard 29. 52 Organic chemicals. Cotton exports Remaining SPANISH IMPORTS (CIF)
72. Iron and steel 62. Clothing, not knitted 25. Salt, sulfur, earths and stone
31. Fertilizers 29. 39 Organic chemicals. Plastics and articles thereof 27. Mine
ral fuels and oils 44. Wood 73. Articles of Iron or steel 84.€Nuclear reactors,
 boilers, machinery imports Remaining
118,708 28,744 15,397 11,425 9,068 4,578 4,314 2,891 2,531 2,507 2,175 35,078 17
2,036 30,809 13,683 11,749 10,473 9,775 9,289 9,128 8,971 8,957 6,883 52,319
45.6 135.9 147.9 113.8 161.7 4.9 18.1 -15.9 1.5 31.5 179.2 -7.0 35.9 -9.5 46.7 1
25, 2-89.8 411.5-68.2 6.9 0.9 33.2
TARIFFS
Since 1992 the classification of goods is based on the Harmonized System Nomencl
ature. Under the agreements signed with the EU and EFTA, and agreements reached
within the framework of CEFTA, establishing a progressive elimination of tariff
barriers for industrial goods, not for food and agricultural goods, noting their
complete elimination in 2002 for the EU and the CEFTA and EFTA in 2003. The dut
ies generally range between 0% and 30%, although there are products that fall on
higher tariffs. In addition the Directorate General of Customs charge an additi
onal fee, by way of modernizing the system of 0.5% in import and export operatio
ns, except if performed with the countries of the EU, EFTA, CEFTA and Turkey.
MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC
Central European Free Trade Association (CEFTA) WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) U
NITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD) INTERNATIONAL BANK FO
R RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD) International Monetary Fund (IMF) EUROPE
AN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (EBRD) PROGRAMME PHARE, ISPA and SAPA
RD Romania is a candidate for EU membership.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
FISCAL SYSTEM
There is a single rate of value added tax (VAT) of 19%, except for the export of
specific goods and services to implementing the 0%, allowing recovery by export
ing taxes on the input used. The general rate of corporation tax charge is 25% o
f accounting profits. Benefits from semi-exports of goods and services are taxed
at a reduced rate of 5%. From 1.1.1901 provides for a reduction of 50% of profi
ts invested during the year in activities within the field of business activity.
There are seven zones that have significant tax benefits based on the exemption
from customs duty and VAT to companies who work in them. Moreover, in so-called
disadvantaged areas are granted various tax incentives. Between Spain and Roman
ia there is an agreement to avoid double taxation with respect to taxes on incom
e and wealth, in force since June 28, 1980 (BOE, 09/02/1980).
PRACTICAL INFORMATION
CURRENCY
The currency is the leu (plural lei), issued in denominations of 1,000, 10,000,
50,000, 100,000 and 500,000 lei. Currently, the leu has internal convertibility,
setting free the exchange rate in the interbank foreign exchange market. The be
st place to change money are the houses of change, they obtained a major change
to the reference rate. The maximum amount authorized foreign currency when enter
ing or leaving the country is 10,000 U.S. dollars or its equivalent in any conve
rtible currency.
LINKS FROM SPAIN
AIRWAY:
TAROM (Romanian Airlines) maintains direct flights to Madrid three days a week:
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. You can also fly daily with stops in major Europ
ean cities. All these lines allow limited amounts of cargo.
By Sea:
Maritime Transport links are usually performed with regrouping in Athens cargo a
t a port or Israeli or Turkish. The transport time is about two weeks. Once a mo
nth is chartered general cargo transport between the port of Constanza and Sagun
to (Valencia).
LOCAL TIME
GMT plus two hours in winter and three hours in summer. An hour in Spain.
LAND:
Bucharest is far from Madrid about 3,500 km. A TIR truck employs approximately f
ive days in transit. There are also rail connections from Budapest.
WORK SCHEDULE
BANKS
Monday through Friday, from 09:00 to 16:00.
BILATERAL INVESTMENT
Spain and Romania have signed on January 25, 1995 an Agreement on the Promotion
and Reciprocal Protection of Investments, entered into force on December 7, 1995
.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
MONDAY TO THURSDAY, from 08:00 to 16:00 pm and Friday from 8:00 to 13:00.
USEFUL ADDRESSES IN ROMANIA
EMBASSY OF SPAIN IN BUCHAREST
Chancery and Consular Section Strada Tirana, 1 71 274 Bucharest tel.: 00 (40) 1-
230 17 39 / 02 88 tel. Consular Section: 00 (40) 1-230 17 30 fax: 00 (40) 1-230
76 26
USEFUL ADDRESSES IN SPAIN
EMBASSY OF ROMANIA IN MADRID
Chancery and Consular Section Avenida de Alfonso XIII, 157 28016 Madrid tel.: 91
350 4436 tel. Sec€Consular: 91 359 7895 fax: 91 345 2917
SHOPS
NORMALLY, Monday through Friday from 10:00 to 18:00 / 19:00 hours, some open on
Saturday from 10:00 to 13:00 / 14:00.
STANDARDIZATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS
Imported products that are related to the protection of life, health, environmen
t, job security or metrology are subject to mandatory approval. The Romanian Ins
titute for Standardization (Institutul Roman de Standardizare) is the body recog
nized by the Administration to develop standards and certification activities. Y
ou are trying to adapt rapidly to technical standards of the European Union. The
imported products are required quality certificates or else statements in accor
dance to manufacturer's entry into the country.
VACATIONS AND HOLIDAYS
Yearly holidays:
The annual period of paid leave between 20 and 25 working days, depending on yea
rs worked. Can be enjoyed in all seasons.
ECONOMIC AND TRADE OFFICE OF THE EMBASSY OF SPAIN IN BUCHAREST
Dacia Boulevard, 42 (old 16) 79 403 Bucharest tel.: 00 (40) 1-210 07 40 / 41 Fax
: 00 (40) 1-210 04 97 ce: buzon.oficial @ bucarest.ofcomes. mcx.es
COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT OF THE EMBASSY OF ROMANIA IN MADRID
Avenida de Alfonso XIII, 157 28016 Madrid tel.: 91 359 7623 fax: 91 345 2917
HOLIDAYS:
1 and 2 January (New Year), 1 May (Labour Day), Orthodox Easter Monday (Easter M
onday, variable), 1 December (National Day), 25 and 26 December (Christmas).
ROMANIAN FUND Post-Privatisation
General Brosteanu Strada, 7 Bucharest, Sector 1 tel.: 00 (40) 1-211 61 53, 210 3
7 67 fax: 00 (40) 1-311 35 98
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR TRADE AND TOURISM. MINISTRY OF ECONOMY
Paseo de la Castellana, 162 28046 Madrid tel.: 91 349 3500 fax: 91 349 5242 cc:
@ sectyp.sscc.mcx.es buzon.oficial
PROTECTION OF PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
Romania is part of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Propert
y and the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (
WIPO). In specific subject of patents is a signatory to the Treaty PCT Patent Co
operation. As far as brands are concerned, is part of the Madrid Agreement conce
rning the international registration of marks. The State Office for Inventions a
nd Trademarks (OSIM) is the government agency responsible for the registration a
nd protection of patents, trademarks and models.
HEALTH PRECAUTIONS
It is recommended to take regular medications, do not drink tap water and, in ca
se of serious illness or accident, contact the Embassy of Spain to provide this
local hospital procedures or, where appropriate, of repatriation. The Spanish So
cial Security does not have bilateral agreement with the Romanian, so be sure to
travel with travel insurance.
SPANISH INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE (ICEX)
Paseo de la Castellana, 14-16 28046 Madrid tel.: 91 349 6100 fax: 91 431 6128 ww
w.icex.es
ROAD POWER
Voltage: 220 V, single phase, 380 V, three phase. Frequency: 50 Hz pending negot
iations with the EU, applying a bilateral agreement for the licensing of transpo
rt between the two countries dating back to 1979 (BOE 12.04.1979). Since April 1
994, applies a rate of road use Romanian foreign transport vehicles. The average
rate applied is U.S. $ 0.018 / km / tm. The limit of TIR truck load is 20 tonne
s.
ENTRY FORMALITIES
For EU residents do not need more than the passport. The maximum period allowed
for tourists is three months.
SOURCES: Economic and Commercial Office Embassy of Spain in Bucharest, Databases
, ICEX, Bank of Spain, National Bank of Romania, National Commission of Statisti
cs (Romania), IMF, WTO, WIPO, The Economist Intelligence Unit
DECEMBER, 2001 Legal Deposit: M-NIPO 00000-2001: 381-01-016-6 ISBN: 84-7811-421-
1