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Nursing care to patients with heart failure: Signs and symptoms: • Peripheral ed

ema and slope • • distended neck veins and liver congestion visceral • Anorexia
• Nausea • Abdominal distension •
Maintain adequate cardiac output Rest physically and emotionally to reduce cardi
ac work and the needs of the O2 Position in semi-Fowler or Fowler-high to facili
tate venous return to prevent the Valsalva maneuver regularly assess the vital s
igns, hemodynamic parameters, state consciousness, cardiac sounds ... the monito
r to screen for arrhythmias observe the signs and symptoms of decreased peripher
al tissue perfusion: cold skin, facial pallor, delayed capillary refill administ
er the prescribed therapy and to investigate the response to the relief of sympt
oms
• • • • • •
Dyspnoea nicturia severe cough productive or foamy Dyspnoea paroxysmal nocturnal
Anxiety intense agitation
• • • • • •
Confusion Fatigue Asthenia serious intense Oliguria Tachycardia Angor transition
al

Improve oxygenation Administer O2 to reduce breathlessness and fatigue in the po
sitioning or semi-Fowler Fowler-high to ease breathing and relieve lung congesti
on monitoring the respiratory rate, respiratory depth and facilities to promote
change in position to stimulate the exercises frequently deep breathing and spli
t the meals provide too little

Restore the water balance Administer diuretics to evaluate the daily weight Eval
uating signs of hypocalcemia: asthenia, malaise, cramps and administer the potas
sium Be aware of the potential problems of diuretics Baffle the signs of bladder
distension in the elderly with prostatic hyperplasia o Provide a hypocaloric di
et and salt restriction and restrict the fractional net

Improve tolerance to the activity Gradually increase activity to assist the pati
ent in ADL Baffle the possible pre-cordial pain during and after activities
Assess the vital signs, symptoms and behavioral response in carrying out activit
ies that require more strength the Plan rest periods and balances them with the
activity to decrease the needs of the myocardium to encourage self-care when tol
erated Provide a quiet environment for sleep and the rest administer sedatives t
o relieve insomnia and agitation to supervise the bowel movements to see if ther
e is constipation and manage softeners if necessary

Controlling the anxiety Allow the patient to externalize their feelings and enco
urage the identification of the strength of motivation and willingness to admini
ster ansiolitic

Maintenance of skin integrity Keep the legs slightly elevated positioning the pa
tient often, minimize pressure points and tension to evaluate the existence of z
ones of pressure and massage to activate the circulation daily to evaluate integ
rity of the Wash skin gently and apply lotion moisturizer to reduce continuity s
olutions

Teaching the patient the Demystifying the concept of insufficient Explaining the
symptoms of relapse Weight gain peripheral edema Persistent cough T
iredness Loss of appetite Nocturia
Take the prescribed therapy and consider its side effects Weigh the daily plan t
he resumption of activities Increase walking and other activities grad
ually switching the exercise with the rest Avoid exceeding the tolerance level A
void excess food Avoid extreme temperatures and beverages

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