Senior 2 Science ( ) Name: _________________( ) Date: __________ Group No:

_______
Experiment 1 : Heat of neutralization (PEKA)
Objective: To determine the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and
(i) hydrochloric acid; (ii) ethanoic acid. C1PI1(i)
Hypothesis :
(i.) The enthalpy of neutralization can be determined from the change of
temperature.
(ii.) The heat of neutralization of strong alkali with strong acid is higher
than that of strong alkali with weak acid.

Variable/s that is/are:

(a) manipulated: types of acid ( strong acid, weak acid)
(b) responding : change of temperature
(c) kept constant: volume and concentration of solution . C1PI1(ii)
Apparatus: measuring cylinder 50 cm3, thermometer, polystyrene cup.

Chemicals: sodium hydroxide solution 1.0mol/ dm3 ,hydrochloric acid 1.0mol/dm3 and
ethanoic acid 1.0mol/ dm3 C1PI1(iii)
Diagram:

C1PI1(iv)

Procedure:
1. 50cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution was poured into the polystyrene cup by using a
measuring cylinder and its initial temperature was measured.
2. 50cm3 of hydrochloric acid was measured by using the second measuring cylinder and its
initial temperature was measured.
3. The acid was poured into the polystyrene cup containing sodium hydroxide quickly and
carefully.
4. The mixture was stirred carefully with the thermometer and the highest temperature
reached was recorded.
5. Temperature readings were recorded in Table 1.
6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated for ethanoic acid.
C1PI1(v)
Results:
Acids
hydrochloric acid ethanoic acid
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution / 0C
Initial temperature of acid / 0C
Average initial temperature of both solution / 0C
Maximum temperature of mixture solution / 0C
Temperature increase,T / 0C
C3PI1
C3PI2
C3PI3
S2 Peka/Expt 1-2017 1/3
Calculations:
[solution density= 1gcm-3, specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2Jg-1 0C -1]
1. Neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
(a) Calculate the heat released in this experiment.
heat released = mcT
= 100 x 4.2 x ______
= _________ J = __H1__kJ

Ans: The heat released is _____________ kJ

(b) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide which is used in this experiment.
number of moles of NaOH = C(NaOH) x volume of NaOH
= 1.0 x 50/1000
= 5 x 10-2 mol

Ans: The number of moles of sodium hydroxide is 5 x 10-2 mol.

(c) Calculate the number of mole of hydrochloric acid which is used in this experiment.
number of moles of HCl = C(HCl) x volume of HCl
= 1.0 x 50/1000
= 5 x 10-2 mol

Ans: The number of moles of hydrochloric acid is 5 x 10-2 mol.

(d) Write the chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid .
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) C4PI1
(e) Calculate the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric
acid.
Heat released when 5 x 10-2 mol of H2O are formed = H1kJ
Heat released when 1 mol of H2O is formed

Ans: The heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is
_____ kJ/mol

2. Neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid.

(a) Calculate the heat released in this experiment.
heat produced = mcT
= 100 x 4.2 x ______
= _________ J = __H2__kJ

Ans: The heat released is _____ H2_____ kJ

(b) Calculate the number of mole of ethanoic acid which is used in this experiment.
number of moles of ethanoic acid = C(CH3COOH) x volume of CH3COOH
= 1.0 x 50/1000
= 5 x 10-2 mol

Ans: The number of moles of ethanoic acid is 5 x 10-2 mol.

S2 Peka/Expt 1-2017 2/3

 (c) Write the chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and
ethanoic acid .
NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l) C4PI1
(d) Calculate the heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide solution with ethanoic acid.
Heat released when 5 x 10-2 mol of H2O are formed = H2 kJ
Heat released when 1 mol of H2O is formed

Ans: The heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid is ____
kJ/mol

Discussion:
1. Which is strong acid and which is weak acid in this experiment?
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid whereas ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

2. Compare and contrast the heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
to ethanoic acid.
Both neutralisations release heat. However, the heat released from neutralization of
NaOH with HCl is higher than that with CH3COOH.
C4PI2

Conclusion:
(a) The heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is _____
kJ/mol, whereas the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic
acid is _______ kJ/mol.
(b) The heat of neutralization between strong acid and strong alkali is higher than the
heat of neutralization between weak acid and strong alkali. Hypothesis is accepted.
C4PI3

OR

(a) The heat of neutralization can be determined by change of

temperature.
(b) The heat of neutralization of strong alkali with strong acid is higher
than heat of neutralization of strong alkali with weak acid.
Hypothesis is accepted.
C4PI3

S2 Peka/Expt 1-2017 3/3