Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Name: Jasmine Baskin

Genetics and DNA Class/Period: 4

Date: February 10, 2017
Essential Question: How did Mandel help us to study genetics through hybrid crosses?

Questions: Notes:
Mandel and the Gene:
L2- How would a
Mandel- the father of genetics, worked with pea plants, and saw
heterozygous
patters.
mother be
Phenotype- what you physically see. An example would be the
represented on her
purple or white colored pea plant.
hair color?
Genotype- the genetics of the purple or white colored pea plant.
L3- Why would
Homozygous dominate (TT) would be two capital letters
after so many
(capital represents dominate).
breeds of
heterozygous and Homozygous recessive (tt) would be two lowercase letters
heterozygous a (lower case represents recessive).
homozygous Heterozygous (Tt) means that the dominate and recessive
recessive be born? have been breed (the dominate trait wins)
` The phenotypes and genotypes of pea plants breed
Phenotype Genotype
Purple PP (homozygous dominate)
Purple Pp (heterozygous)
Purple Pp (heterozygous)
White Pp (homozygous recessive)

True Breeding- breeding that must be 100% dominate or

recessive (TT or tt)
Mandels Law of Segregation- the two alleles of each gene pair
separate into different gametes (eggs or sperm) as these are
formed to prior reproduction.
Law of Dominance- if two alleles at locus differ, than the
L1- What is the tool dominate allele determines the appearance while the recessive has
used to cross two no noticeable effect on the appearance.
parents?
Monohybrids Crosses:
1. There are only six possibilities for parent genotypes
combinations.
Homozygous Recessive x Homozygous Recessive
L2- What is the
difference between
phenotypes and
genotypes when
analyzing the
punnet square?

Phenotypes: 1:0 (100% recessive).

Genotypes: 1:0 (100% dd).
Homozygous Dominate x Homozygous Dominate

Homozygous Dominate x Heterozygous

Phenotype: 1:1, 100% dominate

Genotype: 1:1, 50% DD 50% Dd
Heterozygous x Heterozygous

Homozygous Recessive x Heterozygous

L3- Why would

there be so many
different colors of
flowers?

Homozygous Recessive x Homozygous Dominate

Phenotype: 1:0 100% dominate

Genotype: 100% Dd
Incomplete and Co-Dominance:
Incomplete Dominance- neither allele is more dominate than
the other.
o A pink flower from a red and white parent
Co-Dominance- both alleles contribute equally to the
phenotypes.
o A stripped flower with a red and white flower

Independent Assortment:
Monohybrid Cross- when only ONW trait is looked at (height OR
color)
Dihybrid Cross- when TWO traits are looked at (height AND eye
color)
Law of Independent Assortment- allele pairs are separate
independently. Traits are transmitted to offspring independently.
1. Determine the genotype of parents
2. Foil to find alleles
3. Complete a 4 x 4 punnet square
4. Identify the different outcomes with the genotypes and
phenotypes.
Summary: Mandel, the father of genetics, has helped people study genetics through hybrid crosses. Mandel
studied how to get the different colors or pea plants through pure breeding. He crossed a white pea plant (pp) and
a purple pea plant (PP). He observed that the dominate allele, or the capital letter, always wins over the recessive,
or the lower case latter, creating the Law of Dominance. There are only six different possibilities when crossing a
homozygous recessive, dominate, or heterozygous allele. There is also incomplete dominance where there is no
phenotype more dominate than the other, where they combine. There is also a possibility of creating a co
dominance outcome where the offspring may have stripes or dots because no one allele is more dominate. When
Dihybrid crosses happen, is when two traits are being crosses. An example is when you are crossing to find the
eye color AND eye shape of an offspring.