Assignment No.

04
Group No. 01
M. Hassam Aziz Reg # 171685
Ahmed Hassan Raza Reg # 14612
Electrical Energy Engineering.

1. Run the base network data with the generator data (not min losses) and note the
results.

Case ID: 6Buscase_networkdata.xlsx

Case ID: 6Buscase_gendata.xlsx

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.325895 6 0.574412 4

2 0.074780 2 0.145203 5

3 0.001395 2 0.002418 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 482.095 Total Qgen = 113.603

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 32.095

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 332.095 -3.980 0.000 0.000

2 99.617 -29.835

4 127.817 15.099

5 104.661 10.756

2 1.050 -11.65 75.000 71.582 0.000 0.000

 1 -90.286 44.001

3 23.043 -7.271

4 43.308 25.304

5 33.087 7.957

6 65.849 1.592

3 1.050 -14.74 75.000 46.000 0.000 0.000

2 -22.795 1.896

5 19.226 11.553

6 78.569 32.551

4 1.005 -0.23 150.000 22.500

1 -120.550 9.660

2 -42.141 -25.083

5 12.692 -7.077

5 0.993 -0.29 150.000 22.500

1 -96.866 12.081

2 -32.000 -8.874

3 -18.601 -15.420

4 -12.354 -0.230

6 9.822 -10.057

6 1.005 -0.33 150.000 22.500

2 -63.084 1.026

3 -77.244 -28.038

5 -9.673 4.513

beta =

1.0000 1.1569 1.1970 1.1818 1.2300 1.2463

dPlossdP =

0 -0.1569 -0.1970 -0.1818 -0.2300 -0.2463

Penfac =

1.0000 0.8644 0.8354 0.8462 0.8130 0.8023

basePgen =

3.3210 0.7500 0.7500

Ptarget =

482.0953

Lambda = 11.6546 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 380.00

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 12.7278 P1 P2 P3 = 99.33 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 429.33

Lambda = 13.2644 P1 P2 P3 = 149.66 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 479.66

Lambda = 13.5327 P1 P2 P3 = 174.83 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 504.83

Lambda = 13.3986 P1 P2 P3 = 162.25 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 492.25

Lambda = 13.3315 P1 P2 P3 = 155.95 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 485.95

Lambda = 13.2979 P1 P2 P3 = 152.81 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.81

Lambda = 13.2812 P1 P2 P3 = 151.24 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 481.24

Lambda = 13.2896 P1 P2 P3 = 152.02 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.02

Lambda = 13.2937 P1 P2 P3 = 152.42 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.42

Lambda = 13.2917 P1 P2 P3 = 152.22 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.22

Lambda = 13.2906 P1 P2 P3 = 152.12 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.12

Lambda = 13.2901 P1 P2 P3 = 152.07 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.07

Lambda = 13.2903 P1 P2 P3 = 152.10 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.10

Lambda = 13.2902 P1 P2 P3 = 152.10 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.10

Total_gen_cost =

6.4912e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796
 2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076

4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278

5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296

5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563

4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630

5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9317 0.9212 0.8841 0.8638 0.8762

basePgen =

1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =

467.1497

Lambda = 12.0249 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 144.71 149.87 Total Gen = 344.58

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 12.9130 P1 P2 P3 = 116.70 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 446.70

Lambda = 13.3570 P1 P2 P3 = 158.35 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 488.35

Lambda = 13.1350 P1 P2 P3 = 137.52 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.52

Lambda = 13.0240 P1 P2 P3 = 127.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 457.11

Lambda = 13.0795 P1 P2 P3 = 132.32 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 462.32

Lambda = 13.1072 P1 P2 P3 = 134.92 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 464.92

Lambda = 13.1211 P1 P2 P3 = 136.22 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 466.22

Lambda = 13.1280 P1 P2 P3 = 136.87 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 466.87

Lambda = 13.1315 P1 P2 P3 = 137.20 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.1298 P1 P2 P3 = 137.03 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.03

Lambda = 13.1306 P1 P2 P3 = 137.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.1311 P1 P2 P3 = 137.16 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.16

Lambda = 13.1309 P1 P2 P3 = 137.16 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.16

Total_gen_cost =

6.2938e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796

2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076

4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278

5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296

5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563

4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630
 5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9654 0.9640 0.9030 0.8891 0.9131

basePgen =

1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =
 467.1497

Lambda = 12.2101 P1 P2 P3 = 50.76 130.18 123.67 Total Gen = 304.61

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0056 P1 P2 P3 = 125.38 150.00 179.35 Total Gen = 454.73

Lambda = 13.4033 P1 P2 P3 = 162.69 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 492.69

Lambda = 13.2044 P1 P2 P3 = 144.04 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 474.04

Lambda = 13.1050 P1 P2 P3 = 134.71 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 464.71

Lambda = 13.1547 P1 P2 P3 = 139.37 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 469.37

Lambda = 13.1298 P1 P2 P3 = 137.04 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.04

Lambda = 13.1423 P1 P2 P3 = 138.21 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 468.21

Lambda = 13.1361 P1 P2 P3 = 137.62 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.62

Lambda = 13.1330 P1 P2 P3 = 137.33 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.33

Lambda = 13.1314 P1 P2 P3 = 137.19 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.19

Lambda = 13.1306 P1 P2 P3 = 137.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.1310 P1 P2 P3 = 137.15 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.15

Lambda = 13.1312 P1 P2 P3 = 137.15 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.15

Total_gen_cost =

6.2937e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5
Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796

2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076

4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278

5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296

5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563
 4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630

5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9822 0.9855 0.9125 0.9018 0.9316

basePgen =
 1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =

467.1497

Lambda = 12.3027 P1 P2 P3 = 59.45 123.29 111.42 Total Gen = 294.16

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0518 P1 P2 P3 = 129.72 150.00 162.72 Total Gen = 442.44

Lambda = 13.4264 P1 P2 P3 = 164.86 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 494.86

Lambda = 13.2391 P1 P2 P3 = 147.29 150.00 175.54 Total Gen = 472.84

Lambda = 13.1455 P1 P2 P3 = 138.51 150.00 169.13 Total Gen = 457.64

Lambda = 13.1923 P1 P2 P3 = 142.90 150.00 172.34 Total Gen = 465.24

Lambda = 13.2157 P1 P2 P3 = 145.10 150.00 173.94 Total Gen = 469.04

Lambda = 13.2040 P1 P2 P3 = 144.00 150.00 173.14 Total Gen = 467.14

Lambda = 13.2099 P1 P2 P3 = 144.55 150.00 173.54 Total Gen = 468.09

Lambda = 13.2069 P1 P2 P3 = 144.27 150.00 173.34 Total Gen = 467.61

Lambda = 13.2055 P1 P2 P3 = 144.14 150.00 173.24 Total Gen = 467.37

Lambda = 13.2048 P1 P2 P3 = 144.07 150.00 173.19 Total Gen = 467.26

Lambda = 13.2044 P1 P2 P3 = 144.03 150.00 173.16 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.2042 P1 P2 P3 = 144.02 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.17

Lambda = 13.2041 P1 P2 P3 = 144.01 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.15

Lambda = 13.2041 P1 P2 P3 = 144.01 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.15

Total_gen_cost =
6.2918e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.553660 3 0.574412 4

2 0.037703 2 0.081065 6

3 0.000345 2 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.130 Total Qgen = 66.424

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.130

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 143.985 31.789 0.000 0.000

2 20.505 -1.482

4 69.420 20.797

5 54.060 12.475

2 1.050 -2.05 150.000 14.356 0.000 0.000

1 -20.137 -2.277

3 -8.041 -1.620

4 91.808 7.564

5 39.237 5.946

6 47.133 4.742

3 1.050 -0.96 173.145 20.279 0.000 0.000

2 8.071 -4.842

5 50.642 -0.761

6 114.432 25.882

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

 1 -67.083 -15.743

2 -87.952 -1.956

5 5.034 -4.800

5 0.995 -0.14 150.000 22.500

1 -51.841 -10.557

2 -37.780 -5.761

3 -47.846 1.588

4 -4.983 -3.067

6 -7.550 -4.703

6 1.008 -0.12 150.000 22.500

2 -45.686 -5.906

3 -111.924 -15.463

5 7.611 -1.131

beta =

1.0000 1.0057 1.0011 1.0876 1.0981 1.0598

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0057 -0.0011 -0.0876 -0.0981 -0.0598

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9943 0.9989 0.9195 0.9106 0.9436

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9883 0.9922 0.9160 0.9062 0.9376

basePgen =

1.4398 1.5000 1.7315

Ptarget =

467.1299

Lambda = 12.3359 P1 P2 P3 = 62.56 120.88 107.97 Total Gen = 291.41

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0685 P1 P2 P3 = 131.28 150.00 157.79 Total Gen = 439.07

Lambda = 13.4347 P1 P2 P3 = 165.64 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 495.64

Lambda = 13.2516 P1 P2 P3 = 148.46 150.00 170.24 Total Gen = 468.70

Lambda = 13.1600 P1 P2 P3 = 139.87 150.00 164.02 Total Gen = 453.89

Lambda = 13.2058 P1 P2 P3 = 144.17 150.00 167.13 Total Gen = 461.30

Lambda = 13.2287 P1 P2 P3 = 146.31 150.00 168.69 Total Gen = 465.00

Lambda = 13.2401 P1 P2 P3 = 147.39 150.00 169.47 Total Gen = 466.85

Lambda = 13.2459 P1 P2 P3 = 147.92 150.00 169.85 Total Gen = 467.78

Lambda = 13.2430 P1 P2 P3 = 147.66 150.00 169.66 Total Gen = 467.32

Lambda = 13.2416 P1 P2 P3 = 147.52 150.00 169.56 Total Gen = 467.08

Lambda = 13.2423 P1 P2 P3 = 147.59 150.00 169.61 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.2419 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.59 Total Gen = 467.14

Lambda = 13.2418 P1 P2 P3 = 147.54 150.00 169.57 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.2418 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.58 Total Gen = 467.13

Lambda = 13.2419 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.58 Total Gen = 467.13

Total_gen_cost =

6.2910e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.518017 3 0.574412 4

2 0.037973 2 0.080214 6

3 0.000349 2 0.000768 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.141 Total Qgen = 66.547

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.141

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 147.560 30.798 0.000 0.000

2 21.891 -2.112

4 70.500 20.595

5 55.169 12.315

2 1.050 -2.22 150.000 14.784 0.000 0.000

1 -21.473 -1.545

3 -6.770 -1.897

4 90.960 7.774
 5 39.307 5.903

6 47.976 4.549

3 1.050 -1.31 169.581 20.965 0.000 0.000

2 6.792 -4.610

5 49.670 -0.481

6 113.119 26.056

4 1.002 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -68.101 -15.294

2 -87.172 -2.304

5 5.273 -4.902

5 0.995 -0.14 150.000 22.500

1 -52.869 -10.094

2 -37.846 -5.705

3 -46.979 1.080

4 -5.216 -2.956

6 -7.090 -4.825

6 1.008 -0.12 150.000 22.500

2 -46.481 -5.572

3 -110.664 -15.899

5 7.145 -1.029

beta =

1.0000 1.0082 1.0053 1.0892 1.1006 1.0635

dPlossdP =
 0 -0.0082 -0.0053 -0.0892 -0.1006 -0.0635

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9918 0.9948 0.9181 0.9086 0.9403

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9901 0.9935 0.9171 0.9074 0.9389

Graph

Generator Incremental (Marginal) Cost Functions

25

20

15
Lambda ($/MWh)

10

Gen 1 solid line (blue), Fuel cost =1

Gen 2 dashed line (red), Fuel cost =1
Gen 3 dotted line (black),Fuel cost =1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
MW Generator Output
a) Change the fuel cost for generator 3 to 1.2 and compare the results for the economic
dispatch and for the power flow (for example, what happened to losses with a fuel cost
change, explain).

Case ID: 6Buscase_networkdata.xlsx

Case ID: 6Buscase_gendata.xlsx

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 0.825895 6 0.649412 4

2 0.049751 2 0.080792 5

3 0.000373 2 0.000575 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 312.956 Total Qgen = 30.014

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

Total MW Losses = 12.956

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 212.956 -10.759 0.000 0.000

2 62.181 -18.280

4 82.797 5.868

5 67.978 1.652

2 1.050 -7.18 50.000 21.757 0.000 0.000

1 -58.580 20.986

3 14.764 -5.995

4 28.859 8.661

5 21.944 0.849

6 43.013 -2.744

3 1.050 -9.16 50.000 19.016 0.000 0.000

2 -14.662 -0.110
 5 12.434 2.879

6 52.228 16.246

4 1.027 -0.15 100.000 15.000

1 -79.774 1.823

2 -28.438 -9.977

5 8.212 -6.847

5 1.022 -0.18 100.000 15.000

1 -64.731 3.955

2 -21.499 -3.808

3 -12.231 -7.808

4 -8.071 -1.271

6 6.532 -6.068

6 1.025 -0.21 100.000 15.000

2 -41.839 0.720

3 -51.679 -15.651

5 -6.483 -0.068

beta =

1.0000 1.0903 1.1137 1.1056 1.1322 1.1426

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0903 -0.1137 -0.1056 -0.1322 -0.1426

Penfac =
 1.0000 0.9172 0.8979 0.9045 0.8833 0.8752

basePgen =

2.1296 0.5000 0.5000

Ptarget =

312.9556

Lambda = 12.3177 P1 P2 P3 = 60.86 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 255.86

Lambda = 14.5463 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.4320 P1 P2 P3 = 165.39 150.00 110.22 Total Gen = 425.60

Lambda = 12.8749 P1 P2 P3 = 113.12 150.00 75.32 Total Gen = 338.44

Lambda = 12.5963 P1 P2 P3 = 86.99 150.00 57.88 Total Gen = 294.87

Lambda = 12.7356 P1 P2 P3 = 100.05 150.00 66.60 Total Gen = 316.66

Lambda = 12.6659 P1 P2 P3 = 93.52 150.00 62.24 Total Gen = 305.76

Lambda = 12.7008 P1 P2 P3 = 96.79 150.00 64.42 Total Gen = 311.21

Lambda = 12.7182 P1 P2 P3 = 98.42 150.00 65.51 Total Gen = 313.93

Lambda = 12.7095 P1 P2 P3 = 97.60 150.00 64.96 Total Gen = 312.57

Lambda = 12.7138 P1 P2 P3 = 98.01 150.00 65.24 Total Gen = 313.25

Lambda = 12.7116 P1 P2 P3 = 97.81 150.00 65.10 Total Gen = 312.91

Lambda = 12.7127 P1 P2 P3 = 97.91 150.00 65.17 Total Gen = 313.08

Lambda = 12.7122 P1 P2 P3 = 97.86 150.00 65.14 Total Gen = 313.00

Lambda = 12.7119 P1 P2 P3 = 97.83 150.00 65.12 Total Gen = 312.95

Lambda = 12.7121 P1 P2 P3 = 97.83 150.00 65.12 Total Gen = 312.95

Total_gen_cost =

4.5279e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.197651 2 0.649412 4

2 0.053167 2 0.052304 5

3 0.000216 2 0.000270 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 307.864 Total Qgen = 13.056

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

Total MW Losses = 7.864

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 92.745 22.021 0.000 0.000

2 9.412 3.740

4 43.940 13.102

5 39.394 5.178

2 1.050 -0.65 150.000 -23.110 0.000 0.000

1 -9.303 -8.017

3 15.424 -6.103

4 65.156 -3.740

5 32.526 -1.678

6 46.198 -3.573

3 1.050 -2.73 65.118 14.146 0.000 0.000

 2 -15.312 0.045

5 23.054 -1.361

6 57.377 15.462

4 1.023 -0.07 100.000 15.000

1 -42.993 -13.700

2 -63.227 5.447

5 6.220 -6.747

5 1.022 -0.10 100.000 15.000

1 -38.257 -7.484

2 -31.566 0.264

3 -22.473 -2.747

4 -6.134 -1.445

6 -1.570 -3.588

6 1.025 -0.10 100.000 15.000

2 -44.843 2.065

3 -56.730 -14.380

5 1.573 -2.686

beta =

1.0000 0.9945 1.0196 1.0504 1.0638 1.0493

dPlossdP =

0 0.0055 -0.0196 -0.0504 -0.0638 -0.0493

Penfac =

1.0000 1.0055 0.9808 0.9520 0.9400 0.9530

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9614 0.9393 0.9283 0.9116 0.9141

basePgen =

0.9275 1.5000 0.6512

Ptarget =

307.8637

Lambda = 12.8963 P1 P2 P3 = 115.13 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 310.13

Lambda = 10.5747 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 37.50 45.00 Total Gen = 132.50

Lambda = 11.7355 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 105.41 45.00 Total Gen = 200.41

Lambda = 12.3159 P1 P2 P3 = 60.68 139.37 45.00 Total Gen = 245.05

Lambda = 12.6061 P1 P2 P3 = 87.90 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 282.90

Lambda = 12.7512 P1 P2 P3 = 101.52 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 296.52

Lambda = 12.8237 P1 P2 P3 = 108.32 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 303.32

Lambda = 12.8600 P1 P2 P3 = 111.72 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 306.72

Lambda = 12.8781 P1 P2 P3 = 113.43 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.43

Lambda = 12.8691 P1 P2 P3 = 112.58 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.58

Lambda = 12.8736 P1 P2 P3 = 113.00 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.00

Lambda = 12.8713 P1 P2 P3 = 112.79 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.79

Lambda = 12.8725 P1 P2 P3 = 112.89 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.89

Lambda = 12.8719 P1 P2 P3 = 112.84 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.84

Lambda = 12.8722 P1 P2 P3 = 112.87 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.87

Lambda = 12.8720 P1 P2 P3 = 112.87 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.87

Total_gen_cost =

4.4390e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.197651 2 0.649412 4

2 0.055263 2 0.057720 5

3 0.000241 2 0.000316 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 308.498 Total Qgen = 15.696

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

Total MW Losses = 8.498

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 113.498 15.770 0.000 0.000

2 17.314 -0.014

4 50.263 11.646

5 45.922 4.138

2 1.050 -1.65 150.000 -19.919 0.000 0.000

 1 -17.048 -3.948

3 22.721 -7.225

4 60.258 -2.418

5 32.962 -1.838

6 51.106 -4.490

3 1.050 -4.71 45.000 19.845 0.000 0.000

2 -22.480 1.815

5 17.576 0.798

6 49.905 17.232

4 1.024 -0.09 100.000 15.000

1 -49.075 -11.282

2 -58.611 3.562

5 7.686 -7.280

5 1.022 -0.12 100.000 15.000

1 -44.408 -5.029

2 -31.976 0.501

3 -17.226 -5.406

4 -7.555 -0.831

6 1.165 -4.235

6 1.024 -0.13 100.000 15.000

2 -49.446 3.856

3 -49.392 -16.819

5 -1.163 -2.036

beta =

1.0000 1.0086 1.0437 1.0589 1.0774 1.0706

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0086 -0.0437 -0.0589 -0.0774 -0.0706

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9914 0.9582 0.9444 0.9281 0.9340

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9764 0.9487 0.9363 0.9199 0.9240

basePgen =

1.1350 1.5000 0.4500

Ptarget =

308.4985

Lambda = 13.0552 P1 P2 P3 = 130.04 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 325.04

Lambda = 10.7401 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 37.50 45.00 Total Gen = 132.50

Lambda = 11.8977 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 104.18 45.00 Total Gen = 199.18

Lambda = 12.4765 P1 P2 P3 = 75.75 137.52 45.00 Total Gen = 258.26

Lambda = 12.7658 P1 P2 P3 = 102.89 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 297.89

Lambda = 12.9105 P1 P2 P3 = 116.47 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 311.47

Lambda = 12.8382 P1 P2 P3 = 109.68 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 304.68

Lambda = 12.8744 P1 P2 P3 = 113.07 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.07

Lambda = 12.8925 P1 P2 P3 = 114.77 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 309.77

Lambda = 12.8834 P1 P2 P3 = 113.92 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.92

Lambda = 12.8789 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Lambda = 12.8811 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Total_gen_cost =

4.4471e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.197651 2 0.649412 4

2 0.055263 2 0.057720 5

3 0.000241 2 0.000316 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 308.498 Total Qgen = 15.696

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

Total MW Losses = 8.498

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 113.498 15.770 0.000 0.000

2 17.314 -0.014

4 50.263 11.646
 5 45.922 4.138

2 1.050 -1.65 150.000 -19.919 0.000 0.000

1 -17.048 -3.948

3 22.721 -7.225

4 60.258 -2.418

5 32.962 -1.838

6 51.106 -4.490

3 1.050 -4.71 45.000 19.845 0.000 0.000

2 -22.480 1.815

5 17.576 0.798

6 49.905 17.232

4 1.024 -0.09 100.000 15.000

1 -49.075 -11.282

2 -58.611 3.562

5 7.686 -7.280

5 1.022 -0.12 100.000 15.000

1 -44.408 -5.029

2 -31.976 0.501

3 -17.226 -5.406

4 -7.555 -0.831

6 1.165 -4.235

6 1.024 -0.13 100.000 15.000

2 -49.446 3.856

3 -49.392 -16.819

5 -1.163 -2.036

beta =
 1.0000 1.0086 1.0437 1.0589 1.0774 1.0706

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0086 -0.0437 -0.0589 -0.0774 -0.0706

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9914 0.9582 0.9444 0.9281 0.9340

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9839 0.9535 0.9404 0.9240 0.9290

basePgen =

1.1350 1.5000 0.4500

Ptarget =

308.4985

Lambda = 13.1347 P1 P2 P3 = 137.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 332.50

Lambda = 10.8228 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 37.50 45.00 Total Gen = 132.50

Lambda = 11.9788 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 103.58 45.00 Total Gen = 198.58

Lambda = 12.5567 P1 P2 P3 = 83.28 136.62 45.00 Total Gen = 264.89

Lambda = 12.8457 P1 P2 P3 = 110.39 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 305.39

Lambda = 12.9902 P1 P2 P3 = 123.94 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 318.94

Lambda = 12.9180 P1 P2 P3 = 117.17 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 312.17

Lambda = 12.8819 P1 P2 P3 = 113.78 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.78

Lambda = 12.8638 P1 P2 P3 = 112.08 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.08

Lambda = 12.8728 P1 P2 P3 = 112.93 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.93

Lambda = 12.8773 P1 P2 P3 = 113.35 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.35

Lambda = 12.8796 P1 P2 P3 = 113.56 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.56

Lambda = 12.8785 P1 P2 P3 = 113.46 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.46

Lambda = 12.8790 P1 P2 P3 = 113.51 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.51

Lambda = 12.8788 P1 P2 P3 = 113.49 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.49

Lambda = 12.8789 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Lambda = 12.8788 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Total_gen_cost =

4.4471e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.197651 2 0.649412 4

2 0.055263 2 0.057720 5

3 0.000241 2 0.000316 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 308.498 Total Qgen = 15.696

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

 Total MW Losses = 8.498

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 113.498 15.770 0.000 0.000

2 17.314 -0.014

4 50.263 11.646

5 45.922 4.138

2 1.050 -1.65 150.000 -19.919 0.000 0.000

1 -17.048 -3.948

3 22.721 -7.225

4 60.258 -2.418

5 32.962 -1.838

6 51.106 -4.490

3 1.050 -4.71 45.000 19.845 0.000 0.000

2 -22.480 1.815

5 17.576 0.798

6 49.905 17.232

4 1.024 -0.09 100.000 15.000

1 -49.075 -11.282

2 -58.611 3.562

5 7.686 -7.280

5 1.022 -0.12 100.000 15.000

1 -44.408 -5.029

2 -31.976 0.501

3 -17.226 -5.406

4 -7.555 -0.831

6 1.165 -4.235
 6 1.024 -0.13 100.000 15.000

2 -49.446 3.856

3 -49.392 -16.819

5 -1.163 -2.036

beta =

1.0000 1.0086 1.0437 1.0589 1.0774 1.0706

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0086 -0.0437 -0.0589 -0.0774 -0.0706

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9914 0.9582 0.9444 0.9281 0.9340

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9877 0.9558 0.9424 0.9261 0.9315

basePgen =

1.1350 1.5000 0.4500

Ptarget =

308.4985

Lambda = 13.1745 P1 P2 P3 = 141.23 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 336.23

Lambda = 10.8642 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 37.50 45.00 Total Gen = 132.50

Lambda = 12.0193 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 103.28 45.00 Total Gen = 198.28

Lambda = 12.5969 P1 P2 P3 = 87.04 136.17 45.00 Total Gen = 268.21

Lambda = 12.8857 P1 P2 P3 = 114.14 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 309.14

Lambda = 12.7413 P1 P2 P3 = 100.59 144.39 45.00 Total Gen = 289.98

Lambda = 12.8135 P1 P2 P3 = 107.36 148.50 45.00 Total Gen = 300.87

Lambda = 12.8496 P1 P2 P3 = 110.75 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 305.75

Lambda = 12.8676 P1 P2 P3 = 112.44 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 307.44

Lambda = 12.8767 P1 P2 P3 = 113.29 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.29

Lambda = 12.8812 P1 P2 P3 = 113.71 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.71

Lambda = 12.8789 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Lambda = 12.8778 P1 P2 P3 = 113.50 150.00 45.00 Total Gen = 308.50

Total_gen_cost =

4.4472e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.197651 2 0.649412 4

2 0.055263 2 0.057720 5

3 0.000241 2 0.000316 5
Power Flow with Total Pgen = 308.498 Total Qgen = 15.696

Total PLoad= 300.000 Total Qload= 45.000

Total MW Losses = 8.498

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 113.498 15.770 0.000 0.000

2 17.314 -0.014

4 50.263 11.646

5 45.922 4.138

2 1.050 -1.65 150.000 -19.919 0.000 0.000

1 -17.048 -3.948

3 22.721 -7.225

4 60.258 -2.418

5 32.962 -1.838

6 51.106 -4.490

3 1.050 -4.71 45.000 19.845 0.000 0.000

2 -22.480 1.815

5 17.576 0.798

6 49.905 17.232

4 1.024 -0.09 100.000 15.000

1 -49.075 -11.282

2 -58.611 3.562

5 7.686 -7.280

5 1.022 -0.12 100.000 15.000

1 -44.408 -5.029

2 -31.976 0.501
 3 -17.226 -5.406

4 -7.555 -0.831

6 1.165 -4.235

6 1.024 -0.13 100.000 15.000

2 -49.446 3.856

3 -49.392 -16.819

5 -1.163 -2.036

beta =

1.0000 1.0086 1.0437 1.0589 1.0774 1.0706

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0086 -0.0437 -0.0589 -0.0774 -0.0706

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9914 0.9582 0.9444 0.9281 0.9340

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9896 0.9570 0.9434 0.9271 0.9328

Graph
Generator Incremental (Marginal) Cost Functions
25

20

15
Lambda ($/MWh)

10

Gen 1 solid line (blue), Fuel cost =1

Gen 2 dashed line (red), Fuel cost =1
Gen 3 dotted line (black),Fuel cost =1.2
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
MW Generator Output

Remarks
As we can see that in this case we have increased the fuel cost of generator 3 from 1 to 1.2.
Thats why we need to operate the Gen. 3 at its minimum because of high fuel cost. This can also
be seen from above graph that Gen. 3 is running at minimum as compare to previous case.

b) Reset the fuel costs to all be 1.0. Now go to the network data and set go to the
Parameters page and set the parameter casemult to 1.5 and save the spreadsheet. The
casemult parameter is multiplied times all load and generation values, so setting it to
1.5 raises the load and generation by a factor of 1.5 everywhere in the powerflow. Now
rerun the program. Note the increase in load, are the generation units still the same
dispatch? Are any generators at their limit?

Case ID: 6Buscase_networkdata.xlsx

Case ID: 6Buscase_gendata.xlsx

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.325895 6 0.574412 4

2 0.074780 2 0.145203 5

3 0.001395 2 0.002418 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 482.095 Total Qgen = 113.603

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 32.095

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 332.095 -3.980 0.000 0.000

2 99.617 -29.835

4 127.817 15.099

5 104.661 10.756

2 1.050 -11.65 75.000 71.582 0.000 0.000

1 -90.286 44.001

3 23.043 -7.271

4 43.308 25.304

5 33.087 7.957

6 65.849 1.592

3 1.050 -14.74 75.000 46.000 0.000 0.000

2 -22.795 1.896

5 19.226 11.553

6 78.569 32.551

4 1.005 -0.23 150.000 22.500

1 -120.550 9.660

2 -42.141 -25.083

5 12.692 -7.077
 5 0.993 -0.29 150.000 22.500

1 -96.866 12.081

2 -32.000 -8.874

3 -18.601 -15.420

4 -12.354 -0.230

6 9.822 -10.057

6 1.005 -0.33 150.000 22.500

2 -63.084 1.026

3 -77.244 -28.038

5 -9.673 4.513

beta =

1.0000 1.1569 1.1970 1.1818 1.2300 1.2463

dPlossdP =

0 -0.1569 -0.1970 -0.1818 -0.2300 -0.2463

Penfac =

1.0000 0.8644 0.8354 0.8462 0.8130 0.8023

basePgen =
 3.3210 0.7500 0.7500

Ptarget =

482.0953

Lambda = 11.6546 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 380.00

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 12.7278 P1 P2 P3 = 99.33 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 429.33

Lambda = 13.2644 P1 P2 P3 = 149.66 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 479.66

Lambda = 13.5327 P1 P2 P3 = 174.83 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 504.83

Lambda = 13.3986 P1 P2 P3 = 162.25 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 492.25

Lambda = 13.3315 P1 P2 P3 = 155.95 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 485.95

Lambda = 13.2979 P1 P2 P3 = 152.81 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.81

Lambda = 13.2812 P1 P2 P3 = 151.24 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 481.24

Lambda = 13.2896 P1 P2 P3 = 152.02 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.02

Lambda = 13.2937 P1 P2 P3 = 152.42 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.42

Lambda = 13.2917 P1 P2 P3 = 152.22 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.22

Lambda = 13.2906 P1 P2 P3 = 152.12 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.12

Lambda = 13.2901 P1 P2 P3 = 152.07 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.07

Lambda = 13.2903 P1 P2 P3 = 152.10 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.10

Lambda = 13.2902 P1 P2 P3 = 152.10 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 482.10

Total_gen_cost =

6.4912e+003
Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796

2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076

4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278

5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296
 5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563

4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630

5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =
 1.0000 0.9317 0.9212 0.8841 0.8638 0.8762

basePgen =

1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =

467.1497

Lambda = 12.0249 P1 P2 P3 = 50.00 144.71 149.87 Total Gen = 344.58

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 12.9130 P1 P2 P3 = 116.70 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 446.70

Lambda = 13.3570 P1 P2 P3 = 158.35 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 488.35

Lambda = 13.1350 P1 P2 P3 = 137.52 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.52

Lambda = 13.0240 P1 P2 P3 = 127.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 457.11

Lambda = 13.0795 P1 P2 P3 = 132.32 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 462.32

Lambda = 13.1072 P1 P2 P3 = 134.92 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 464.92

Lambda = 13.1211 P1 P2 P3 = 136.22 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 466.22

Lambda = 13.1280 P1 P2 P3 = 136.87 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 466.87

Lambda = 13.1315 P1 P2 P3 = 137.20 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.1298 P1 P2 P3 = 137.03 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.03

Lambda = 13.1306 P1 P2 P3 = 137.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.1311 P1 P2 P3 = 137.16 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.16

Lambda = 13.1309 P1 P2 P3 = 137.16 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.16

Total_gen_cost =

6.2938e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796

2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076

4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278
 5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296

5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563

4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630

5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =
 1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9654 0.9640 0.9030 0.8891 0.9131

basePgen =

1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =

467.1497

Lambda = 12.2101 P1 P2 P3 = 50.76 130.18 123.67 Total Gen = 304.61

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0056 P1 P2 P3 = 125.38 150.00 179.35 Total Gen = 454.73

Lambda = 13.4033 P1 P2 P3 = 162.69 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 492.69

Lambda = 13.2044 P1 P2 P3 = 144.04 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 474.04

Lambda = 13.1050 P1 P2 P3 = 134.71 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 464.71

Lambda = 13.1547 P1 P2 P3 = 139.37 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 469.37

Lambda = 13.1298 P1 P2 P3 = 137.04 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.04

Lambda = 13.1423 P1 P2 P3 = 138.21 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 468.21

Lambda = 13.1361 P1 P2 P3 = 137.62 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.62

Lambda = 13.1330 P1 P2 P3 = 137.33 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.33

Lambda = 13.1314 P1 P2 P3 = 137.19 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.19

Lambda = 13.1306 P1 P2 P3 = 137.11 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.1310 P1 P2 P3 = 137.15 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.15

Lambda = 13.1312 P1 P2 P3 = 137.15 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 467.15

Total_gen_cost =

6.2937e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.622209 3 0.574412 4

2 0.038792 3 0.082812 6

3 0.000341 5 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.150 Total Qgen = 66.313

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.150

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 137.150 33.727 0.000 0.000

2 17.856 -0.265

4 67.355 21.196

5 51.939 12.796

2 1.050 -1.72 150.000 13.585 0.000 0.000

1 -17.574 -3.665

3 -10.479 -1.076
 4 93.436 7.172

5 39.102 6.034

6 45.515 5.121

3 1.050 -0.30 180.000 19.001 0.000 0.000

2 10.531 -5.278

5 52.513 -1.285

6 116.956 25.563

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -65.132 -16.602

2 -89.446 -1.296

5 4.578 -4.602

5 0.995 -0.13 150.000 22.500

1 -49.870 -11.440

2 -37.654 -5.873

3 -49.509 2.563

4 -4.536 -3.280

6 -8.431 -4.470

6 1.008 -0.11 150.000 22.500

2 -44.160 -6.547

3 -114.346 -14.630

5 8.506 -1.323

beta =

1.0000 1.0009 0.9932 1.0846 1.0935 1.0526

dPlossdP =
 0 -0.0009 0.0068 -0.0846 -0.0935 -0.0526

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9991 1.0069 0.9220 0.9145 0.9500

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9822 0.9855 0.9125 0.9018 0.9316

basePgen =

1.3715 1.5000 1.8000

Ptarget =

467.1497

Lambda = 12.3027 P1 P2 P3 = 59.45 123.29 111.42 Total Gen = 294.16

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0518 P1 P2 P3 = 129.72 150.00 162.72 Total Gen = 442.44

Lambda = 13.4264 P1 P2 P3 = 164.86 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 494.86

Lambda = 13.2391 P1 P2 P3 = 147.29 150.00 175.54 Total Gen = 472.84

Lambda = 13.1455 P1 P2 P3 = 138.51 150.00 169.13 Total Gen = 457.64

Lambda = 13.1923 P1 P2 P3 = 142.90 150.00 172.34 Total Gen = 465.24

Lambda = 13.2157 P1 P2 P3 = 145.10 150.00 173.94 Total Gen = 469.04

Lambda = 13.2040 P1 P2 P3 = 144.00 150.00 173.14 Total Gen = 467.14

Lambda = 13.2099 P1 P2 P3 = 144.55 150.00 173.54 Total Gen = 468.09

Lambda = 13.2069 P1 P2 P3 = 144.27 150.00 173.34 Total Gen = 467.61

Lambda = 13.2055 P1 P2 P3 = 144.14 150.00 173.24 Total Gen = 467.37

Lambda = 13.2048 P1 P2 P3 = 144.07 150.00 173.19 Total Gen = 467.26

Lambda = 13.2044 P1 P2 P3 = 144.03 150.00 173.16 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.2042 P1 P2 P3 = 144.02 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.17

Lambda = 13.2041 P1 P2 P3 = 144.01 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.15

Lambda = 13.2041 P1 P2 P3 = 144.01 150.00 173.15 Total Gen = 467.15

Total_gen_cost =

6.2918e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.553660 3 0.574412 4

2 0.037703 2 0.081065 6

3 0.000345 2 0.000766 5

Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.130 Total Qgen = 66.424

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.130

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline
1 1.070 0.00 143.985 31.789 0.000 0.000

2 20.505 -1.482

4 69.420 20.797

5 54.060 12.475

2 1.050 -2.05 150.000 14.356 0.000 0.000

1 -20.137 -2.277

3 -8.041 -1.620

4 91.808 7.564

5 39.237 5.946

6 47.133 4.742

3 1.050 -0.96 173.145 20.279 0.000 0.000

2 8.071 -4.842

5 50.642 -0.761

6 114.432 25.882

4 1.001 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -67.083 -15.743

2 -87.952 -1.956

5 5.034 -4.800

5 0.995 -0.14 150.000 22.500

1 -51.841 -10.557

2 -37.780 -5.761

3 -47.846 1.588

4 -4.983 -3.067

6 -7.550 -4.703

6 1.008 -0.12 150.000 22.500

2 -45.686 -5.906

3 -111.924 -15.463

5 7.611 -1.131
beta =

1.0000 1.0057 1.0011 1.0876 1.0981 1.0598

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0057 -0.0011 -0.0876 -0.0981 -0.0598

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9943 0.9989 0.9195 0.9106 0.9436

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9883 0.9922 0.9160 0.9062 0.9376

basePgen =

1.4398 1.5000 1.7315

Ptarget =
 467.1299

Lambda = 12.3359 P1 P2 P3 = 62.56 120.88 107.97 Total Gen = 291.41

Lambda = 13.8010 P1 P2 P3 = 200.00 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 530.00

Lambda = 13.0685 P1 P2 P3 = 131.28 150.00 157.79 Total Gen = 439.07

Lambda = 13.4347 P1 P2 P3 = 165.64 150.00 180.00 Total Gen = 495.64

Lambda = 13.2516 P1 P2 P3 = 148.46 150.00 170.24 Total Gen = 468.70

Lambda = 13.1600 P1 P2 P3 = 139.87 150.00 164.02 Total Gen = 453.89

Lambda = 13.2058 P1 P2 P3 = 144.17 150.00 167.13 Total Gen = 461.30

Lambda = 13.2287 P1 P2 P3 = 146.31 150.00 168.69 Total Gen = 465.00

Lambda = 13.2401 P1 P2 P3 = 147.39 150.00 169.47 Total Gen = 466.85

Lambda = 13.2459 P1 P2 P3 = 147.92 150.00 169.85 Total Gen = 467.78

Lambda = 13.2430 P1 P2 P3 = 147.66 150.00 169.66 Total Gen = 467.32

Lambda = 13.2416 P1 P2 P3 = 147.52 150.00 169.56 Total Gen = 467.08

Lambda = 13.2423 P1 P2 P3 = 147.59 150.00 169.61 Total Gen = 467.20

Lambda = 13.2419 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.59 Total Gen = 467.14

Lambda = 13.2418 P1 P2 P3 = 147.54 150.00 169.57 Total Gen = 467.11

Lambda = 13.2418 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.58 Total Gen = 467.13

Lambda = 13.2419 P1 P2 P3 = 147.55 150.00 169.58 Total Gen = 467.13

Total_gen_cost =

6.2910e+003

Iter MAXDP MAXDPbus MAXDQ MAXDQbus

1 1.518017 3 0.574412 4

2 0.037973 2 0.080214 6

3 0.000349 2 0.000768 5
Power Flow with Total Pgen = 467.141 Total Qgen = 66.547

Total PLoad= 450.000 Total Qload= 67.500

Total MW Losses = 17.141

Bus Vmag angle Pgen Qgen Pload Qload To Bus Pline Qline

1 1.070 0.00 147.560 30.798 0.000 0.000

2 21.891 -2.112

4 70.500 20.595

5 55.169 12.315

2 1.050 -2.22 150.000 14.784 0.000 0.000

1 -21.473 -1.545

3 -6.770 -1.897

4 90.960 7.774

5 39.307 5.903

6 47.976 4.549

3 1.050 -1.31 169.581 20.965 0.000 0.000

2 6.792 -4.610

5 49.670 -0.481

6 113.119 26.056

4 1.002 -0.12 150.000 22.500

1 -68.101 -15.294

2 -87.172 -2.304

5 5.273 -4.902

5 0.995 -0.14 150.000 22.500

1 -52.869 -10.094

2 -37.846 -5.705
 3 -46.979 1.080

4 -5.216 -2.956

6 -7.090 -4.825

6 1.008 -0.12 150.000 22.500

2 -46.481 -5.572

3 -110.664 -15.899

5 7.145 -1.029

beta =

1.0000 1.0082 1.0053 1.0892 1.1006 1.0635

dPlossdP =

0 -0.0082 -0.0053 -0.0892 -0.1006 -0.0635

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9918 0.9948 0.9181 0.9086 0.9403

Penfac =

1.0000 0.9901 0.9935 0.9171 0.9074 0.9389

Graph

Generator Incremental (Marginal) Cost Functions

25

20

15
Lambda ($/MWh)

10

Gen 1 solid line (blue), Fuel cost =1

Gen 2 dashed line (red), Fuel cost =1
Gen 3 dotted line (black),Fuel cost =1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
MW Generator Output

Remarks
In this case we set the parameter casemult to 1.5 and save the
spreadsheet. The casemult parameter is multiplied times all load and
generation values, so setting it to 1.5 raises the load and generation by a
factor of 1.5 everywhere in the power flow.

By comparing the graph we can note that the increase in load, and the
generation units still we have the same dispatch. This is because of the
reason that the generation and load are increased by same factor.