1.

Discuss the eight principles of the ISO 9000 standard

Customer focus means to understand the customers needs meet the

customers requirements and strive to exceed the customers
expectations. Leadership involves establishing unity of purpose and
organizational direction and providing an environment that will
promote employee involvement and achievement of objectives.
Involvement of people means taking advantage of fully involved
employees using all of their abilities for the benefit of the
organization. Process approach means recognizing the things
accomplished are the results of processes and that processes along
with related activities and resources must be managed. System
approach to management is the multiple interrelated processes that
contribute to the organizations effectiveness should be managed as
a system. Continual improvement should be a permanent objective
applied to the organization and to its people processes systems and
products. Factual approach to decision making must be based on the
analysis of accurate relevant and reliable data. Mutual beneficial
supplier relationships meaning that both the organization and the
supplier are benefiting from one another's resources and knowledge
results in value for all.

2. Discuss Pareto Charts

Pareto charts are useful when separating the important from not
useful information. It is named after Italian economist and
sociologist the Alfredo Pareto, who developed the theory that a
majority of problems are caused by a minority of causes. Pareto
charts are important because they can help an organization decide
where to focus limited resources. On a Pareto chart, data are raid
along and X axes and a Y axes.

3. Discuss fishbone diagrams

Fishbone diagrams are commonly used as cause and effect

diagrams. They resemble the shape of a fishbone. The effect is the
problem we are interested in. Each of the ribs represent because
leading to the effect. The ribs are normally assigned to the causes
considered to be major factors. The lower level factors affecting the
major factors branch off the ribs. This is useful in identifying the
major causes pictorially.

4. Discuss histograms

Histograms have to do with variability and there are two kinds of

data are commonly associated with processes: attributes data and
variable data. An attribute is something that the output product of
the process either has or does not have. This descries variable data
or data that results when something is measured. A histogram is a
measurement scale across one axis and a frequency of like
 measurements on the other.

5. Discuss control charts for variables

It can be difficult to understand if the variation is the result of

special causes. At times it could be because of common causes that
are purely random that is when control charts become very useful to
separate the special causes from the common causes. Control charts
are the appropriate tool to monitor processes. The properly used
control chart will immediately alert the operator to any change in
the process.

6. Discuss flowcharts and give a simple example

A flowchart is a graphic representation of a process. A necessary

step in improving a process it's a flowchart it. In this way, all parties
involved can begin with the same understanding of the process. It
may be revealing to start the flowcharting process but asking
several different team members who know the process to flowchart
it independently if their charts are not the same, one significant
problem is revealed at the outset. There is not a common
understanding of the way the process works. An example of a
flowchart would be as follows (industrial engineering example):

7. Explain what is an FMEA

FMEA means failure mode and effects analysis. This try to identify all
possible potential failures of a product or process, prioritize them
according to their task, and set in motion action to lemonade or
 reduce the probability of their occurrence. It simply tries to identify
all the possible modes of failure that could happen to a product or
process before they happen. Once the possible failure modes have
been identified the effects analysis kicks in and studies the potential
consequences of those failures. Next the consequence of each
potential failure is ranked.

8. Provide an overview of the Toyota practical problem solving

process

The Toyota problem solving process is a series for problem solving

with multiple steps. Step one would be to perceive the initial
problem, clarify the problem, observed with an open mind, compare
the situation to the standard, and then determine if a variance
exists. If variance exists you perceive to the next steps and question
whether there is more than one variance and then you must
prioritize. It's no you set an improvement objective, determined the
POC, determine the root cause, develop and implement a
countermeasure, and then determine if the countermeasure is
effective. If it is not efffective then you change the standard.

9. Explain a total quality decision making process

Decision making is the process of selecting one course of action

from among two or more alternatives. Decisions should be evaluated
not just by results but also by the process used to make them. This
is the method that total quality management should use.

10. Explain why quality tools are important

We can take a broad view and include several tools because they are
important in the role of total quality tools. First, they help identify
special causes from the process so that the process can be brought
under control. Only then can the control charts be developed for the
process and the process is monitored by the control charts.