DNA REPLICATION

Animation gone Crazy

DNA Replicates and Replicates
DNA REPLICATION
Semi-conservative =
one of the parent
DNA strands is
passed to the
daugher DNA + one
new strand

SNEAK PREVIEW:

DNA REPLICATION PL
AYERS
(enzyme review)
Fill out DNA Replication
Enzymes CHART
Lots of enzymes are needed
to start each step
 Topoisomerase
Topoisomerase Youtube I and II (1:45)
Topoisomerase Animation (2:16)
Enzyme Helicase:
separates (breaking H-bonds)
double helix at the replication
fork
DNA-RNA-Protein (see ani)
YOU TUBE DNA replication (1:05)
DNA Helicase
The enzyme is unwinding the chain and
breaking the H-bonds between the
complementary base pairs (A-T, G-C).
RNA Primer
Nucleotides for the starting point
for DNA replication
Short strands of RNA
DNA replication is initiated at many
points in eukaryotic chromosomes.
Called Replication Bubbles
They will eventually all meet to form whole
replicated strand
DNA Replication Bubble: DNA
duplicates in both directions
 SSBs
single strand binding proteins
Stabilize the DNA strands as they
are being replicated
Prevents rejoining of DNA strands
DNA Polymerases
DNA Polymerase I
Cuts off RNA primers and fills in with
DNA (between Okazaki fragments)
lagging strand
Can proofread
DNA Polymerase III
Elongates the strand by adding DNA
nucleotides on leading strand
Also proofreads and corrects the
DNA strand
Anti-parallel strand builds in
the opposite direction (but
always in 5 to 3 direction)
Leading Strand Lagging Strand
Template strand of
DNA
Continuous addition
of nitrogenous bases
in 5 to 3 direction
McGraw-Hill Replication Fork
Other DNA strand
Forms short strands
of Okazaki fragments
(that will be joined
later)
in the 5 to 3 direction
DNA Replication You Tube (1:35)
 OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS
The short strands of newly made DNA
fragments on the lagging strand are called
Okazaki fragments after the Japanese
Biochemist Reiji Okazaki.

DNA LIGASE
is the enzyme that
joins the Okazaki
fragments (sugar
-phosphate backbone)
with covalent bonds

DNA REPLICATION (look

for ligase)
2:00
 SUMMARY
Summary Youtube of DNA replication
(4:11)
Good explanation of the 5 to 3 strands
and leading and lagging strands
How Fast?

Prokaryotic DNA polymerase can work

at about 1000 bases per second.

Eukaryotic DNA polymerase can work at

about 50 bases per second.
Animation: DNA Replication
DNA makes DNA
*DNA with enzymes cartoons
 McGraw Hill Replication Fork animation
What if there is a mistake?
 DNA Replication Activity
Work in Lab Groups
Card stock papers
are original DNA
strands
Colored paper are
new DNA strands
MAKE OWN
ENZYMES-
construction paper
 Telomeres
At the ends of each
chromosome is a
protective cap
called a telomere.
Each time a cell
divides, the
telomeres are
snipped shorter,
 Telomerase
enzyme which adds DNA
sequence repeats
("TTAGGG" in all
vertebrates) to the 3' end of
DNA strands (an overhang)

McGraw Hill Telomeres Anim

ation
Telomeres Added to ends of
chromosomes
Rutgers Telomere Animation
QUIZ
Activity (choose your enzymes and
proteins)
MOVIE
Media Showcase (cool animation)

Replication Overview Movie

QUESTION
In this diagram of the process of DNA
replication at a replication fork, the strand
labeled B is the:
A template strand
B lagging strand
C leading strand
D Okazaki fragment
E RNA primer
QUESTION
In this diagram of the process of DNA
replication at a replication fork, the newly
synthesized DNA strand labeled C is the:
A coding strand
B parental DNA
C leading strand
D lagging strand
ANSWER
C lagging strand

The lagging strand is the newly

synthesized DNA where addition of
nucleotides is on the end opposite or
away from the replication fork.
QUESTION
In this diagram of the process of DNA
replication at a replication fork, the black
boxes labeled D and E are:
A RNA primers
B DNA template strands
C Okazaki fragments
D DNA polymerase
E Newly synthesized DNA strand
ANSWER
A. RNA primers
The initiation of replication always
starts with a short RNA piece. The
DNA replicating enzymes will only
add nucleotides to the 3' end of
DNA.
QUESTION
For the DNA strand 5'-TACGATCATAT-3'
the correct complementary DNA strand is:
A 3'-TACGATCATAT-5
'B 3'-ATGCTAGTATA-5
C 3'-AUGCUAGUAUA-5
D 3'-GCATATACGCG-5
E 3'-TATACTAGCAT-5'
ANSWER

B 3'-ATGCTAGTATA-5'