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    Concrete Structure Design Code GB50010 2002 PDF

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    Sugi Zhuang

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    NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PEARAMAD RRA Code for Design of Concrete Structures ike ie E25 PII ASE GB 50010— 2002 CAR) BELJING 2002 NOTICE ‘The code is written in Chinese and English. The Chinese text shall be taken as the ruling one in the event of any inconsistency between the Chinese text and the English text. Notice of Promulgation for the National Standard“Code for Design of Concrete Structures” Document JB [2002] No.47 According to the requirements of, “Notice of Printing and Distributing for the 1997 Preparation and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards, Document JB [1997] NO. 108-the Ministry ‘of Construction”, the'*Code for Design of Concrete Structures” has been revised by the Ministry of Con- struction together with the relevant departments, after extensive consultation by relevant departments, hence the new code has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of GB 50010— 2002, which shall come into force upon April 1, 2002. Herein, clauses 3.1.8, 3.2.1, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 6.1.1, 9.2.1, 9.5.1, 10.9.3, 10.9.8, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.3.1, 11.3.6, 11.4.12 and 11,7. 11 are mandatory clauses, which must be enforced strictly, The former “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” , GBJ 10—89 is superseded by the new code at December 31, 2002. ‘The Ministry of Construction is in charge of management and explanation of the mandatory clauses in the code, the China Academy of Building Research is responsible for the explanation of specific technical items and the Research Institute of Standards and Norms, the Ministry of Construction has en- trusted the China Architectural & Building Press to take on publishing and distributing works of this code. Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China February 20, 2002 Preface ‘According to the requirements of Document JB[1997] No. 108-the Ministry of Construction, the former code was revised by the China Academy of Building Research together with the relevant institu- tuons of higher leaming and scientific research, design, enterprises etc. Jn the period of revision, the code revision group launched various studies on specific topics, car- ried out wide-ranging investigative analyses, summarized practical domestic experiences for design of concrete structures, coordinating with relevant standards and made necessary companson with advanced international standards for reference. On the basis of above metioned measures, various ways were used by the code revision group to solicit comments from the organizations concemed in the country, in addi- tion, some trial designs were carried on by the revision group, in the meantime, the major issues in the code were elaborated and amended revised repeatedly, and finally, the new version of code was decid- ced after examnation. ‘The contents for main stipulations of the present code consist of: Basic design stipulations of con- crete structures, Materials, Structural analyses, Calculations of ultimate limit states and checking cal- culations, Detailing requirements of serviceability limit states, Earthquake-resistant design of structural members end Relevant appendixes. ‘The main stipulation of the present code may be, if needed, revised in the future, the concemed information and contents of local revised clauses will be published on the Magazine of Engineering Construction Standardization . Clauses marked with boldface type in,the code are mandatory ones and mast be enforced strictly. In onder to enhance the quality of the code, all relevant units are kindly requested to sum up and accumulate their experiences from actual practices during the process of implementing the code, and the relevant opinions and suggestions should be sent to the Managing Group of Code for Design of Con- crete Structures, China Academy of Building Research, No. 30, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, China( Postcode: 100013 ; E-mail;code_ ibs _ cabr@263. net.cn). Chief Editorial Unit: the China Academy of Building Research Participating Units: Tsinghua University, Tianjin University. Chongqing Construction Engineering College, Hunan University, Dongnan University, Hehai University, Dalian University of Science and Technology, Hathin University of Architecture, Xi" an University of Architectural Technology, Building Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction, Beijing Municipal Building Design Institute, Beijing Capital Engineering Co., Lid, China National Contracting & Engineering Institate for Light In- dustry, Professional Design Institute of the Railway Ministry, Planning and Design Institute of Water Transport, Ministry of Communication, Northwest China Hydroelectric Design and Survey Institute, and Prostressing Committee of the Metallurgical Material Industry Association Chief Drafting Stafis: Li Mingshun Xu Youlin Bai Shengxiang Bai Shaoliang Sun Huizhong Sha Zhiguo Wu Xuemin Chen Jian Hu Dexin Cheng Maokun Wang Zhendong Wang Zhenhua Guo Zhenhai Zhuang Yaping Zhu Long Zou Yinsheng Song Yupu Shen Jumin] Di Xiaotan Wu Peigang Zhou Di Jiang Weishan Tao Xuekang Kang Guyi Lan Zongjian Gan Cheng Xia Qil Reviser( English edition of code) : Chen Dingwai, Professor, China Academy of Building Research May ,2004, Beijing, China Contents 1 General Principles 2 Terms, Symbols - 2.1 Terms - 2.2 Symbols - 3. Fundamental Design Stipulations 3.1 General Stipulations 3.2 Stipulations for Calculation of Ultimate Limit States: 3.3. Stipulations for Checking Calculation of Serviceability Limit States 3.4 Stipulations for Durability « 4) Materials - 4.1 Concrete 4.2. Stoel Reinforcements - 5 Structural Analysis - 5.1 Fundamental Principles - 5.2 Linear Elastic Analysis Method « 5.3. Other Methods for Analysis - 6 Requirements for Calculation of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members - 6.1 Genera Stipulations - 6.2. Calculation of Values for Loss of Prestress 7 Calculation of Ultimate Limit States - 7.1 General Stipulations for Calculation of Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity - 7.2. Caleulation of Normal Section Flexural Load-bearing Capacity - 7.3. Calculation of Normal Section Compressive Load-bearing Capacity 7.4 Calculation of Normal Section Tensile Load-bearing Capacity 7.5. Calculation of Inclined Section Load-bearing Capacity + 7.6 Calculation of Torsional Section Load-bearing Capacity + 7.7 Caloulation of Punching Shear Load-bearing Capacity + 7.8 Calculation of Local Compression Load-bearing Capacity - 7.9 Checking Calcuilation of Fatigue 8 Checking Calculation of Serviceability Limit States - 8.1 Checking Calculation of Crack Control + 8.2. Checking Calculation for Deflection of Flexural Member 9 Stipulations for Detailing Requirements - 9.1 Expansion Joint 9.2 Concrete Cover * 9.3. Anchorage of Stoel Reinforoement ~ BRBR ReESYYNS BSSSSRRBRIAY 9.4 Connection of Steel Reinforcements - 9.5 Minimum Ratio of Reinforcement for Longitudinal Stressed Steel Reinforcements + 9.6 Stipulations for Detailing Requirements of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members 10 Fundamental Stipulations for Structural Members - 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 Slab - Beam Column + Nodal Point of Ginder and Column Well - ‘Superposed Flexural Member * Deep Flexural Member - Corbel + Embedded Parts and Hanging Ring 10.10 Connection of Precast Suuctural Members 11 Earthquake-resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members - 1.1 11.2 M3 4 1S 11.6 17 18 General Stipulations Materials > Frame Ginler Column of Frame and Column of Braced Frame Column of Hinged Bent - Nodal Point and Embedded Parts for Girder and Column of Frame ‘Structural (Shear) Wall Prestressed Concrete Structural Members + Appendix A Calculation of Plain Concrete Structural Member - Appendix B- Nominal Sectional Area, Calculated Sectional Arca and Thoocetical Weight ‘of Steel Reinforcements « Appendix C Multi-axial Strength and Constitutive Relation of Concrete - Appendix D Loss of Prestress for Common Tendon Shapes of Post-tensioned Prestressed Steel Reinforcements Appendix E Time-dependent Loss of Prestress * Appendix F Calculation for Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity of Random Section Members + Appendix G Design Value of Equivalent Concentrated Reaction Used for Calculation of Nodal Point of Slab and Column - Explanation of Wording in This Code - 1 General Principles 1.0.1 The code was published in order to enforce national technical and cconomic policies for the design of concrete structures, and to ensure structures to be economical, reasonable, rele, applica- le, with bigh quality and using advanced technology. 1.0.2 The code is spplicable to the design of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and plain concrete load-bearing structures used in industrial and civil buildings, 9s well as nomnally constructed structures, but it is not applicable to the design of lightweight aggregate concrete structures, or struc tures using special concrete. 1.0.3 In design of concrete structures, besides complying with the stipulations in the eode, the de- sagners shall also conform to the stipulations in relevant current mandatory national standids. 2 Terms, Symbols 2.1 Terms 2.1.1 Concrete structures-The structures are mainly made by concrete, including plain concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure, and prestressed concrete structure ete. 2.1.2 Plain conerete structuro-The structure is made of the conerete without the steel reinforcements ‘or not providing with the stressed steel reinforcements, 2.1.3 Reinforced concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete and providing with the stressed ordinary steel reinforcements, steel reinforcement meshs or steel reinforcement skeletons. 2.1.4 Prestressed concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete and providing with the stressed prestressing reinforcements, which will be Uuough stretching or by other methods to establish prestress. 2.1.5 Pre-tensioned prestressed concrete structure-The conerele structure of which the concrete will be casted, after the stressed prestressing reinforcements have been stretched on stretching bed, then through the transmission of bond force between tendons and concrete to establish prestress. 2.1.6 Post-tensioned prestressed concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the strength of ‘concrete should be first reached the required stipulated requirements, then stretching the stressed pre~ stressing reinforcements and anchoring on the structure to establish prestress. 2.1.7 Cast-in-situ concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the formwork of conerete is in- stalled in-situ and cast-in-situ the concrete integrally. 2.1.8 Prefabricated concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the structure is assembled by pPrecasted concrete components or parts through the method of welding or bolting connection ete. 2.1.9 Assembled monolithic concrete structure-The monolithic conerete structure is assembled by precasted concrete components or parts, through the connections of steel reinforcements, connecting parts or applied prestressing force, and finally cast-in-situ the concrete. 2.4.10 Frame structure-The load-bearing system structure is composed by girders and columns con- necting them with rigid joint or hinged jount . 2.1.11 Structural (shear) wall structure-The structure is composed by structural wall (shear wall) to sustain the vertical and horizontal actions. 2.1.12 Frame-structural (shear) wall structure-The structure of which the vertical and horizontal ac tions are jointly sustained by frame and structural wall (shear wall) 2.1.13 Deep flexural member-It denotes the flexural member with span-depth ratio less than 5. 2.1.14 Deep beam -It denotes the single-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2 and the rmulti-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2.5. 2.1.15 Ordinary steel bar -A general call for various non-prestressed steel reinforcements which are ‘used in concrete structural members . 2 2.1.16 Prestressing steel reinforcements-A general call for steel bars, steel wires, and strands which sre used in the prestressed concrete structural members. 2.1.17 Degree of reliability-It refers to the measurement for the probability of which the ability of a structure fulfils the expected functions within stipulated time-limit and stipulated conditions. 2.1.18 Safety class-The classes of structures and structural members which are classified according to the degree of severity for the destructive consequences. 2.1.19 Design working life “The design stipulation for the time-limit of working period of structures cor structural members, which can serve for the expected purposes, have no need of heavy repairs. 2.1.20 Load-effect-The reactivity of the structures and structural members are induced by loads, such as internal forces, deformations and cracks ete. 2.1.21 Combination of load-effects-In the limit states design, it is the stipulated combination for de- sign values of various load effects occurred simultaneously, to ensure the reliability of the structures. 2.1.22 Fundamental combination-It refers to the combination of permanent leads and variable loads in the calculation of ultimate limit states. 2.1.23 Characteristic combination In the checking calculation of serviceability limit states, that the characteristic values and combination values of variable loads are used as the representative values of variable loads in combination. 2.1.24 Quasi-permanent combination-In the checking calculation of serviceability Limit states, that the quasi-permanent values of variable loads are used as the representative values of the variable loads in combination, 2.2 Symbols 2.2.1 Matetial properties E,—nmodulus of elasticity of concrete; E‘—modulus of fatigue deformation of concrete; E,—rmodulns of elasticity of steel reinforcements; C20—strength grade of concrete with characteristic value of cube strength is 20N/snen?; Sar~—oompressive strength of 150mm side length concrete cube during period of construc tion; Seat ——characteristic value of compressive strength of 150mm side length concrete cubes fasfe——characteristic value, design value of axial compressive strength of concrete respoc- tively; Surfi—characteristic value, design value of axial tensile strength of concrete respectively Sa Se — characteristic values of axial compressive strength, axial tensile strength of concrete during period of construction respectively; Syrfox—characteristic values of strength of ordinary steel reinforcements, prestressed stect reinforeements respectively; SySo— design values of tensile strength, compressive strength of ordinary stee) reinforce 3. ments respectively ; Sy-Foy——design values of tensile strength, compressive strength of prestressed steel reinforce ments respectively 2.2.2 Actions, action-effects and load-bearing capacity N—design value of axial forces N,.Ng-——values of axial forces calculated in accordance with the characteristic combination, quasi-pemmanent combination of load-elfects respectively; N,——resultant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and nonprestressed reinforcements in post-tensioned members No—resultant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and non-prestressed reinforcements, ‘when normal prestress in concrete is equal to zero; Ng—design value of sectional axial compressive or axial tensile load-bearing capacity of members Nea Nuy——design values of eccentric compressive or eccentric tensile load-bearing capacity due to axial forces acting on the X-axis, Y-axis respectively; M——design value of bending moment; My. Mg——bending moment values esloulated in accordance with the characteristic oombina- tion, the qusst-permanent combination of load- effects respectively M,—design value of normal section flexural load-bearing capacity of members M,-—cracking bending moment value for normal section of flexural member; T——design value of torsional moments V—design value of shearing forces Veo——design value of shearing load-bearing capacity of concrete and stimup in inclined section of members Fy—design value of local load oF concentrated reaction; 7a.Foj7—nonmal stress of concrete at the extreme fiber of section for crack-resistance checking calculation, under the characteristic combination, the quasi-permanent combination of load- effects respectively 04¢——-normal stress in concrete due to prestressing force; 1y»0cj7—PFincipal tensile stress, principal compressive stress in concrete respectively; maximum stress, minimum stress of concrete on extreme fiber of section in tension Of en zone or compression zone of concrete used for fatigue checking calculation respec= tivelys ,,6,—stress in longitudinal ordinary steel reinforcements, stress in prestressed steel rein- forcements in calculating load-bearing capacity of normal section respectivelys 0,———stress or equivalent stress in longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement calculated in ac- cordance with the characteristic combination of load-effects; Com —stretching controlled stress for presstressed stee! reinforcements 6 —stress in prestressed steel reinforcement, at the resultant of forces point of prestressed stee! reinforcements where normal stress in concrete equals to zero; -—effective prestress of prestressed steel reinforcement; 01.0-—values for loss of prestress in prestressed steel reinforcements on tension zone, com- pression zone at corresponding stages respectively; r-—shearing stress of concrete; Wqn;-——maximum crack width calculated in accordance with the chavacteristic combination of Joad-effects and in consideration of the influences for effects of long-term actions; 2.2.3 Geometric parameters a, a'—distance from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal tensile stee! reinforcements, point for resultant of forces of longitudinal compressive steel reinforcements respec tively to near extrem fiber of section; ,.a——distance from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal nonprestressed tensile steel reinforcements, point for resultant of forces of longitudinal nonprestressed compres- sive steel reinforcements respectively to near extrem fiber of section; 4,,4,—distances from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforce ments in tension zone, point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements in compression zone respectively to near extreme fiber of section. b——widih of rectangular section, web width of T-shaped, F-shaped section; b,.6/—flange widths in tension zone, in compression zone respectively of T-shaped or I- shaped sections d—diameter of circular section or diameter of stee} reinforcements; e——thickness of conrete covers €ye'——distances fron acting point of axial force to point for resultant of forces of longitudi- nal tensile steel reinforcements, of longitudinal compressive steel reinforcements re- spectivelys ¢g—eecentricity of axial force with respect to centroid of section; additional eccentricity e cocentricity; h——depth of section; ho—effective depth of section; high{-—lange depth in tension zone, flange depth in compression zone of T-shaped or I- shaped sections respectively i-—radius of gyration of section; r-——radius of curvatures 1, ——anchorage length of longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement Ig——calculated span of beam, slab or calculated length of column; s—spocing of transverse slee! reinforcements, spacing of spiral steel reinforcements or spacing of stirrups in direction along exis of member; x——depth of concrete compression zone; distances from centroid of transformed section, centroid of net section to calculated extreme fiber respectively 2z-——distance between point for resultant of forces for longitudinal tensile reinforcements and point for resultant of forces for concrete compression zone A-—sectional area of member; ‘Ag—transformed sectional area of members A,-—not sectional area of members A,.A'-—sectional area of longitudinal nonprestressed stee! reinforcement in tension zone, 1n compression zone respectively; A,.A'-—sectional area of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements in tension zone, in compression zone respectively; Apt sAui—sectional area of single limb stirrup in the shearing calculation, in the torsional eal- culation respectively; Aqi—~seetional area of total torsional longitudinal nonprestressed steel reinforcements usod for the torsional calculations AyyAq—olal sectional area for limbs of vertical and horizontal stimups or for distributing steel reinforcements in a same cross section of member respectively; AgsAy—sectional area of nonprestressed bent-up steel reinforcements, prestressed bent-up steel reinforcements in a same bent-up plane respestivelys ‘Ay—local compression area of concrete: A,gr~—oore area of concrete within the range of inner surface of fabric reinforcement, spiral steel or stimups B——section rigidity of flexural members; W—elastic section modulus of extreme tension fiber of sections Wo—elastic section modulus of extreme tension fiber of transformed section; W,—elastic section modulus of extreme tension fiber of net section; 1¥,—>plastic section modulus of torsional seetion; 1——rmoment of inertia of section; Jo~——moment of inertia of transformed section; Yona 1,——moment of inertia of net section; 2.2.4 Calculation coefficients and miscellaneous @y—ratio of the stress value in the rectangular stress diagram for compression zone of concrete to the design value for axial compressive strength of concrete: ax—alio of the elastic modulus of steel reinforcements to the elastic modulus of con- crete; B.— influence coefficient of concrete strength Br—ratio of depth of compression zone to depth of neutral axis (distance from neutral axis to the extreme fiber of compression zone) in rectangular stress diagram: Pr—raising coefficient of concrete strength for local compression: Y—plastic influence coefficient of section modulus for section of concrete members; 7—enhancement coefficient for eccentricity of axial foree considering the influence of second-order bending moment for eccentric compression members A——atio of shear span to depth for calculated sections e—frietion factors p—ratio of reinforcement for longitudinal tensile stecl reinforcement; Px.Pa—tatios of reinforcement for the vertical stirrup, horizontal stirrup or the vertical dis- tributing steel reinforcement, horizontal distributing steel reinforcement respectively (Px —ratio of volumetric reinforcement for indirect steel reinforeement or stirrups —stability coefficient for axial compression members 6— influence coefficient for the effects of long-term actions on enlarging, of deflection; ¢—non-uniformity coefficient for the strain of longitudinal tensile steel reinforcements between eracks. 3 Fundamental Design Stipulations 3.1 General Stipulations 3.1.1 The code adopts the probability-based limit states design method, the dogroe of reliability of structural members is measured by the reliability index, and the design is carried out by adopting the design expressions of partial safety factors. 3.1.2. When a structure or part of a structure exceeding a particular state, that a certain functional requirement in design stipulations will be dissatisfied, hence this particular state is called the limit states of above mentioned function. ‘The limit states are classified as two estegories as follows: 1 Ulimate limit states: A structure or a structural member reaches the maximum load-bearing capacity, and appears the fatigue failure or undue deformation unsuitable for loading continuously; 2. Serviceability limit states:A structure o a structural member reaches a certain stipulated limit value of serviceability or dumbility. 3.1.3. In accordance with requirements of ultimate and serviceability limit states, the structural members shall be calculated and checking calculated on the hasis of the following stipulations: 1 Load-bearing capacity and stability: All structural members shall be ealculated in accordance with load-bearing capacity (including instability) ; in certain cases, structural overtuming, floating and sliding shall also be checking calculated; In addition, the earthquake-resistant capacity of structural members shall still be checking ealcu- lated for structures in areas subject to seismic activity: 2 Fatigue: The fotigue strength of structural members, which directly support heavy-duty cranes, shall be checking calculated; depending on actual application and design experiences, the members, which directly support cranes used for installation or maintenance, may be exempted from checking calculation on the fatigue strength of members 3 Deformation: Deformation checking calculation shall be carried on structural members, where the deformation values need be controlled during service; 4 Crnck-resistance and crack width: The checking calculation for tensile stress of concrete shall be carried on the stuatural members, where crack is not allowed during service; in cases where crack is permitted during service, the crack widih of members shall be checking calculated; in addition, the checking calculation for tensile stress of longitudinal steel reinforcement in the superposed flexural ‘members shall also be carried out. 3.1.4 The design values of loads shall be used when calculating the load-bearing capacity‘ including instability) , and in checking calculation of structural overturning, floating and slidings the correspond- ing representative values of loads shall be used for all checking calculations such as fatigue, deforma- tion, crack-resistance and crack widths when calculating the load-bearing capacity, and checking cal- 8 culation of fatigue, crack-resistance, the dynamic load factor of crane load shall be considered for structural members that directly support cranes. In addition, the procest members choll be checking coloulated in all construction stages in accor- dance with specified load values during fabrication, transportation and erection. When checking calcu- ation for the hoist and assembly capacity of the member itself, it is necessary to multiply the total weight of the member by a dynamic factor 1.5, which may be increased or decreased according, to the Joad-support condition of the member during the process of hoisting. Checking calculation of construction stages for cast in-situ structures shall be carried out when necessary. In terms of earthquake-resistant designs of structural members, the design load value and the seis- ic action shall be adopted in accordance with the stipulations of current national standards “Code for seismic designs of buildings” GB 50011. 3.1.5 The ratio of reinforcement for stressed steel reinforcements in the members of reinforced con- cere structure and prestressed concrete structure, shall conform to the stipulations eonceming the mini- mum ratio of reinforcement in Chapters 9 and 10 of the code. Plain concrete structural members shall be calculated in accordance with the stipulations in Ap- pendix A of the code, 3.1.6 The structures shall have the integral stability, the local damage of structures shall not lead to collapse of wide scope. 3.1.7 Within design working life, the structures and structural members shall maintain their func tions of service under normal maintenance conditions, and have no need for repair of wide scope to re- inforce. The design working life shall be determined according to current national standard “Unified standard for reliability design of building structures” GB 50068. Also can be determined by the re- quirements of construction units, if they put forward other higher requirements. 3.1.8 The use and application circumstances of structures shall not be modified without tech- nical verification or approval of the designing unit. 3.2 Stipulations for Calculation of Ultimate Limit States 3.2.1 Based on the degree of serious consequences for failure of the building structures, which shall be classified into three safety classes. In terms of design, the proper safety class shall be selected according to stipulations ini Table 3.2.1. Table 3.2.1 Safety Classes of Building Structures [ Safety dasses ‘Consequences of damnge ‘Type of buildings Gas I ‘Very serious Important bulking Gass Serious General bulking Note: The safety class for buildings with special requirements shall be determined separately in accordance 3.2.2 Safety classes of all building structural members are required to be the same as safety classes for the integral structure. While safety classes for some structural members can he readjusted appropn- ately in acoordance with their degree of significance, but it cannot be readjusted to less than class I. 3.2.3. For ultimate limit states, the structural members of building structures shall accord with the fundamental combination or accidental combination of load-elfecs to adopt the following design expres- sons of limit states: %S = R (3.2.3-1) R= Rferfr ae) (3.2.3-2) Where ¥o—factor of importance : for structural members of safety class I or the design service year ia 100 years or above shall not be less than 1.13 for stmctural members of safety class Il or the design service year is 50 years, shall not be less than! .0 for structural members of safety class IIl or the design service year is less than 5 years, shall not be less than 0.9; in earthquake-resistant design, the factor of importance for structural members may not be considered. S—Design values for combination of load-effocts for ultimate limit states, which are cal- culated in accordance with the current National Standards “Load code for design of building structures” GB 50009, and “Code for seismic design of buildings” GB 50011; R—Design values of loading-bearing capacity of structural members; in the earthquake-re- sistant design, the value of R shall be divided hy the earthquake-resistant adjusted coefficient pe of load bearing capacity; R(-)—funetion of load-bearing capacity of structural member; Sesfi—design value of strength of concrete and strength of steel reinforcement respectivelys a; —characteristic value of geometric parameter. When the variation of the geometric pa- rameter significantly influences structural behavior, a, may be increased or decreased by an additional value. oS in equation (3.2.3-1) is expressed by design values of intemal forces (NM, VT etc.) in the code; Prestress-effects shall be considered for prestressed concrete structures in accordance with the stipulations for Clause 6.1.1 of the code. 3.3 Stipulations for Checking Calculation of Serviceability Limit States 3.3.1 For serviceability limit states, the structural members of building structures shall accord with the characteristic combination, quasi-permanet combination or characteristic combination and consider ing influence of long-term actions of load-effects, to adopt the following design expressions of limit states: Sal (3.3.1) where S——denotes the combination values of load-ellects of serviceability limit states 10 C—enotes the limiting values of deformation, width of cracks and stress etc, when the structural members of building structores meet the stipulated requirements for service- ability. ‘The characteristic combination and qussi-permanent combination of load-effects shall be calculat- ed in accordance with current national stindards “Load code for design of building structures” GB 50009. 3.3.2 Maximum deflection of flexural membes shall be calculated in accordance with the characteris- tic combination and considering influence of long-term actions of laad-effects, its calculated value shall not exceed the allowable limiting values of deflection stipulated in the Table 3.3.2. ‘Table 3.3.2 Allowable Deflection Values for Flexural Members: ‘Type of wenbers Crane girder; Manusl-operated crane Electric-operated crane Roof, floors and stair members: When p< 7m 6/200 lp/250) When Im< lox 9m 14/250 1/300) When ig 9m 1,/300( 19/400) Note:1 dpi the Table is the caleulated span of members; 2 Values in parentheses are appropiate for members on which the deflections are strictly required in applica- tion; 3. Wmenber is cambered before its fabrication, and when itis allowed during its service suge, this canber value stall be deductod from the calculated deflection value duting checking calculation withthe allowable value. As for prestressed concrete members, the camber caused by prestressing may also be deducted; 4 When calculating the limiting value for deflection of cantilever member, its calculating length Ip is twice actual fength of cantilever. 3.3.3 Crack control level for normal section of structural members shall be divided into three levels in accordance with the following, stipulations: Level members, on which cracks are strictly prohibited, when the calculation is in accor- dance with characteristic combination of load-effects, that the tensile stress shall not be ovcurred st ex- treme tensile fiber of conerete structural members; Level 2——members on which cracks are generally prohibited, when the calculation is in accor- dance with characteristic combination of load-effects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of conerete structural members shall not be greater than the characteristic value of axial tensile strength in concrete; when the calculation is in accordance with quasi-permanent combination of load-effects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of concrete structural members may not be occurred, but it can be loosened, when the reliable experiences are available. Level 3——members, on which cracks are allowed, when the calculation is in accordance with il characteristic combination and considering influence of long-term actions of load-eflects, that the maxi- mum crack width of structural members shall not exceed the stipulated limit values of maximum crack width given in the Table 3.3.4. 3.3.4 The different crack control levels and the limit values of maximum crack width 1g of struc- tural members shall be adopted from the Table 3.3.4 "according to the types of structures and the envi- ronmental categones specified in the Table 3.4. ‘Table 3.3.4 Crack Controt Levels and Limit Values of Maxiamam Crack Width Reinforced conerete structures Prestresed concrete structures cateeoicn | crack conta levels | tian) | Crack conta levels iq) I 0.3(0.4) 0.2 0 0.2 U - W a 0.2 I - NNote:1 The stipulations in the Table are applicable to reinforced concrete members using hot rlled ste bess, and 10 prestressed concrete members using prestressed sie wires, strand, heat treated stoe) bars; when other types of stee! wires or reinforcements are selected the requirements of crack control may be determined by specific standards; For a flonurel momber situatod in an area with evel I environment, where mean annual relative humidity is leas than 60% , the value in parerahesis may be used as its limit value of maximum erack widths Under level 1 environment, the limit value ‘O.2enm’ of maximum crack width shall be adopted for rein- foreod concrete roofing iss, bracket, and erane ginder which requires checking calculation of fatigue, ‘and ‘0.3mm’ shall be adopted for reinforced concrete roofing beam and bracket beam; ‘Under level I environment, the prostressed concrete roofing beam, bracket beam, roofing truss, bracket, roof board, and floor slab, shall be checking calculated according to crack control level IT ; under level and II environments, the fatigue of prestressed concrete erane girder shall be checking calculated ac- cording to ernck control level I 5 ‘The crack control levels and the limit value of maximum crack width, tabulated for prestressed concrete structural member, are merely applicable to checking calculation of normal section. The checking caleula- tion for crack control of inclined section shall conform to the stipulations in the Chapter 8 of the code: For chimney, tube-shaped warehouse, and structural member under liquid pressure, the crack contra re- quirements shall conform to relevant promsions of current special code ‘The crack control requirements of etructural members situnted in level IVandV environments, shall con- form to relevant promsons of curent epecial code. ‘The limit values of maximum crack width in the Teble are used for the checking calculation of maximum crack width resulting from the lond-effects. 3.4 Stipulations for Durability 3.4.1 ‘The dumbility of concrete structures shall be designed in accordance with the environmental ceategonies and design working life specified in the Table 3.4.1. 12 ‘Tabie 3.4.2 Enviroumental categories for concrete structures (ae , Coa | I Indoor noemal environmett | Indoor humid environment; opet-airenvirerment of now severe cold or non-cold set, environment of direcly contacted wih non-erosive water or sil I b Opeares environment of severe cold or cold area, environment of dreetly con- L. laced with oon-erotive vate or il. Envisoament of applied cryoeel remover; environment of severe cold or cold area m ‘wih water level fluctuated in winter season; coastal outdoor environment N ‘Sea water environment v Environment of affected by atificial or natural erosive materials. [Note:The classification of severe cold and cold areas shall conform to the stipulations of national current standard “Thermal design specification for civil building” JG} 24. 3.4.2 In environmental categories 1, Hand IIL, structural concrete with design working life as 50 years shall conform to stipulations in Table 3.4.2. ‘Tablc3.4.2 fundamental requirements for durabliity of structural concrete Min. coment Lowest . chlorion | Max. alli cviroamental | Mex. water-cement| 1” S=™ ete | Mes vee nae consumption for strength content ‘content * amout (kg/n®) | of eonorete (%) (p/n?) I 0.68 2s 0 1.0 Valimited 1 a 0.60 250 as 0.3 3.0 b 0.35 25 0 0.2 3.0 0 0.50 300 co on 3.0 Note: 1 Chlorine ion content refer to the percentage of chlorineion in cement consumption amount: 2 Max. chlorion content and tin. cement consumption amount in prestressed concrete structural member are 0.05% and 300kg/m? respectively; the lowest grade for strength of concrete shall be increased by two sgyades according to stipulations in the Table; 3° Min. cement carsumption amount in plain concrete member shall not be less than the values in the Table minus 25 ke/n?s 4 When activatded odmixture or other additives, which can prolong durability, is added to concrete that the Min. cement consumption amount could be redhiced appropriately; 3 When reliable enginecting experience is available, the lowest grade for strength of concrete in environ- mocntal categories I and [] could be reduced by one grades 6 When non-alkali activated aggregate is applied, there is no limitation forthe alkali content in concrete. 3.4.3. In environmental categories I , structural concrete with design working life up to 100 years shall conform to following stipulations: 13 1 The lowest grade for strength of concrete in reinforced concrete structures and in prestressed ‘concrete structurs are C30 and C40 respectively; 2 Maxicmum chlorion- content in concrete is 0.06% ; 3 Iis better to use non-alkali activated aggregate; when alkali activated aggregate is applied, max. alkali content in concrete is 3.Okg/m’. 4 The thickness of concrete cover shall be increased by 40% according to the stipulation of the Table 9.2.1 of the code; when effective protective measures are taken for concrete surface, the thick- ness of concrete cover could be reduced appropriately . 5 Regular maintenance shall be performed during the course of epplication. 3.4.4 In environmental categories I] and [l[ , the special effective measures shall be taken for con- crete structures with design working life up to 100 years: 3.4.5 In humid environment of severe cold and cold rea, structural concrete shall meet relevant re- quirements for freezing-resistant, and the freezing-resistant grade of concrete shall conform to the re~ quirements of relevant standards. 3.4.6 For concrete structures requinng penetration-resistant, the penetration-resistant grade of conerete shall conform to the requirements of relevant standards. 3.4.7 For steuctural members in environmental categories [[] , 11 is better to use ribbed steel bars coated with epoxide-resin for stressed reinforcement; and the special protective measures shall be taken for prestressed steel reinforcements, anchorage devices and connectors. 3.4.8 The durability reguirements of concrete structures in environmental categories IV and V , shall conform to the stipulations of relevant standards. The durability requirements of concrete may not be considered for the temporary concrete struc- tures. 4 Materials 4.1 Concrete 4.1.1 Concrete Strength grade shall be determined in accordance with the characteristic value of cube compressive strength oblained from standard tests on 150 mm side long cube specimen, which was fab- ricated and cured for a period of 28 days under standard conditions, and has the compressive strength with 295% guarantee rate. 4.1.2 Concrete strength grade of reinforced concrete structures shall not be less than C15; when the steel bar of Grade HRB335 is used, concrete strength grade may not be Jess than C20; it shall not be Jess than C20 for members sustained the repetitive loads and in oases using the steel bars of Grade HIRBA00 and Grade RRB400. Concrete strength grade for prestressed concrete structures shall not be less than C30; concrete strength grade may not be less than C40 when strand, steel wires and heal-treated stee! reinforcements are used as prestressed steel reinforcement, Note:In the use of mountain sand conerete or slag concrete shall still be in compliance with stipu- lations of related special codes. 4.1.3. Characteristic values of concrete axial compression strength fa, axial tension strength ‘fu: shall be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.3 respectively Table 4.1.3 Characteristic Values of Concrete Strength (N/mm? } ‘Type of Concrete strength grade strength | cis | C20 | cas | cro | cas | cw | cas | cso | css | oxo | cos | cro | Crs | coo fa__| 10.0] 13.4 | 16.7| 20.1 | 23.4 | 26.8 | 29.6 | 32.4[ 35.5 | 38.5 | 41.5| 44.5] 47.4] 50.2 Ja__| 1.27] 1.54] 1.78 | 2.01 | 2.20 | 2.39 | 2.51 | 2.68] 2.74] 2.85 | 2.93] 2.99] 3.05] 3.11 4.1.4 Design values of concrete axial compression strength f,, axial (ensile strength f; shall be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.4 respectively . ‘Table 4.1.4 Design Values of Concrete Strength( N/mm?) “Type of Concrete strength grade strength [CIS] Go| Gs Go] as] cw] cs | coo] css | Ow | Gs] Go| Cs cao Se_[ 1.2 | 9.6 | 11.9] 14.3} 16.7] 19.1] 28.1 | 23.1[ 25.3 | 27.5 | 29.7] 31-8 [33.8] 35.9 S__ [0.91] 4.40} 1.27 | 1.43] 1.57] 1.71] 1.80 | 1.89] 1.96] 2.04] 2.09 | 2.14] 2.18] 2.22 Note: When calculating axial compression and eccentric compresion members of cast-insita reinforced concrete, the design values of concrete strength in this Table shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.8, if the long side or the diameter of the section is less than 300mm; this restriction may be dis- regarded when the qealty of the member (incluting the molding of concrete, dimensions of the section and eats, ete.) can be guaranteed. 2. Design values of centrifugal fabricated concrete strength shall be taken in accordance with related special standards, 15 4.1.5 The modulus of elasticity of concrete E., in compression or in tension shall be adopted in ac- condance with the Table 4. ‘Table 4.1.5 Modulus of elasticity of concrete ( x 10'N/raii") Concrete strength grade E 4.1.6 The design values of concrete axial compression fatigue strength {, axial tension fatigue strength /{ shall be determined by multiplying the design vatue of concrete strength tabulated in Table 4.1.4 with a comesponding modified factor of fatigue strength 7, respectively. Depending on various ratios of fatigue stress pf, that the modified factor 7, shall be adopted from the Table 4.1.6. The ratios for fatigue stress of concrete p shall be calculated according to the following equation: ‘ ph = Seni (4.1.6) eum Where, o{,nin+95,mx——minimum stress and maximum stress of concrete at the same fiber of section during checking calculation on fatigue of members respectively. ‘Table 4.1.6 Modified factor of Concrete Fatigue Strength oe pic 0.2 O.2

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