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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
MODULE 1
TESTS OF HYPOTHESES FOR A SINGLE SAMPLE
1.0 Hypothesis Testing
H 0 : = 50 cm / s
H 1 : 50 cm / s
H 0 : = 50 cm / s H 0 : = 50 cm / s
H 1 : < 50 cm / s or H 1 : > 50 cm / s
H 0 : = 50 cm / s
H 1 : 50 cm / s
Critical regions
H 0 : = 0 H 0 : = 0
H1 : < 0 or H1 : > 0
EXERCISES:
X 0
Z=
n
H 0 : = 50
H 1 : 50
3. Choose a significance level
As stated, = 0.05 .
X 0
The test statistic is Z =
n
2[1 ( z 0 )] H1 : 0
P = 1 ( z0 ) H1 : > 0
( z 0 ) H1 : < 0
EXERCISES:
X
T=
S n
having n 1 degrees of freedom. The critical region is
dependent on the level of significance, i.e. , and the
alternative hypothesis, i.e. whether it is a one-sided test or a
two-sided test. To summarize:
H 0 : = 0.82
2. H : > 0.82
1
3. = 0.05
X
T=
S n
6. Compute:
0.83725 0.82
t0 = = 2.72
0.02456 15
H 0 : 2 = 02
H 1 : 2 02
=
2 (n 1)S 2
0 2
0
H 1 : 2 02 02 > 2 2, n 1 or 02 < 12 2, n 1
H 1 : 2 > 02 02 > 2 , n 1
H 1 : 2 < 02 02 < 2 , n 1
SOLUTION:
H 0 : 2 = 0.01
2.
H 1 : 2 > 0.01
3. = 0.05
=
2 (n 1)S 2
0
0
2
6. Computation:
19(0.0153)
02 = = 29.07
0.01
H 0 : p = p0
H 1 : p p0
p p 0
Z0 =
p0 (1 p0 )
n
z 0 > z 2 or z 0 < z 2
SOLUTION:
H 0 : p = 0.05
2. H : p < 0.05
1
3. = 0.05
p p 0
Z0 =
p0 (1 p0 )
n
6. Computation:
4
0.05
200
z0 = = 1.95
0.05(0.95)
200
=
2
k
(Oi Ei )2
0
i =1 Ei
Poisson Distribution
(32 0 + 15 1 + 9 2 + 4 3) = 0.75
60
p1 = P( X = 0 ) = = 0.472
0!
e 0.75 (0.75)
1
p2 = P( X = 1) = = 0.354
1!
e 0.75 (0.75)
2
p3 = P( X = 2 ) = = 0.133
2!
3
p 4 = P ( X 3) = 1 pi = 1 (0.472 + 0.354 + 0.133) = 0.041
i =1
The expected frequencies are computed by multiplying the
sample size n = 60 time the respective probabilities pi ,
Ei = npi
3. = 0.05
=
2
k
(Oi Ei )2
0
i =1 Ei
6. Computation:
=
2 (32 28.32) (15 21.24 ) (13 10.44)
2
+
2
+
2
= 2.94
0
28.32 21.24 10.44
EXERCISE:
Values 0 1 2 3 4
Obs. Freq. 24 30 31 11 4
Values 0 1 2 3
Frequency 39 23 12 1
Based on these 75 observations, is a binomial distribution an
appropriate model? Perform a goodness-of-fit test with
= 0.05 .
Columns
1 2 c
1 O11 O12 O1c
2 O21 O22 O2 c
Rows
r Or1 Or 2 Orc
1 c r
Eij = nui v j = Oij Oij
n j =1 i =1
=
2
r c (Oij Eij )
2
0
i =1 j =1 Eij
OBSERVED DATA
Pension Plan
Job Classification 1 2 3 Total
Salaried Workers 160 140 40 340
Hourly Workers 40 60 60 160
Total 200 200 100 500
EXPECTED FREQUENCIES
Pension Plan
Job Classification 1 2 3 Total
Salaried Workers 136 136 68 340
Hourly Workers 64 64 32 160
Total 200 200 100 500
3. = 0.05
02 =
r c (O
ij Eij )
2
i =1 j =1 Eij
6. Computations:
=
2
r c (O
ij Eij )
2
0
i =1 j =1 Eij
=
(160 136) (140 136) (40 68) (40 64)
2
+
2
+
2
+
2
136 136 68 64
+
(60 64) (60 32)
2
+
2
64 32
= 49.63
EXERCISE:
OR Grade
Stat Grade A B C Other
A 25 6 17 13
B 17 16 15 6
C 18 4 18 10
Other 10 8 11 20
Are the grades in statistics and operations research related?
Use = 0.01 in reaching your conclusion.