You are on page 1of 12

21 1 () V ol .21 No .

1
2010 2 Tongji University Journal Social Science Sect ion F e b .2010

Embodiment

( , 100029)

:embodiment , embodied mind embodied cog ni-


tio n embo died realism embodied philosophy ,
,
, , ,
, 12 / ,
/ ,
, ,
/ , embodiment

:embodiment ;/ ; ;
:
H059 :
A :
1009 3060(2010)01 0086 12

embodim ent
embodied mind em bo died cog nitio n embodied realism embodied philo sophy
, ,
, , ,

, embodied
, ,
, :
(1)
() , embodiment , (2)
em bo dyarise f ro m , ,
, , , (3) em bo diment
body , f lesh (4)
em bodiment , ,
; ; ;
, , ;


, em bo diment , (5)
, ? ? ? (6)

:
2009 11 20
:
( : 05JA 740007)
:
(1962 ), , ,
:
, :
, 2001 , 29 201
:
, , 2006 2 , 184 190
1 :
Embo diment 87


, , em bo died phi loso phy ,
embodim ent ,
2007 embodiment and experientialism embodim ent 12

, / em bodiment ,

embodiment

, , / (Mi nd v s .
Body) ,

, , / (/ )
, , ,
, , , ;

, ;
, ; , ;
,
; , ,
, , , ,

, / , ,
, :
, ?

, , ,

/ :
, ! , , ,
, :
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,

, ,
()(

:
, :
, 2007 , 55
T im Ro hrer .Embo dime nt and Ex pe rientialism .O xfo rd :O x ford U nive rsity Press , 2007, p28.
:
,
(
[ ] :
(), , : , 2003 , 84 )
[ ] :
( ), , : , 2003 , 61 6263 64
88 () 21

), ,
, ,
, :

, /
,
,
:
,
, ()
(),
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, /
, , , ,
,
(res ex tensa , physical subst ances)
(res cogitans , thinking substances),
, , ,
:
;

, / /
/ / / , ,
(solid object), ,

, (),
, ,
,

: (1) ;
(2) ;
(3) ;

(4) ,
:
,
, , , `'

, :
, ,
, , , ,

, `' , , ,
: , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
20 (linguist ic turn), (
, ), (F reg ge) (Ber-
t rand Russell) (G .
E .M oo re) (Ludw ig Wit tgenstein) (Rudolph Car-

[ ] :
(), , :
, 2003 , 99 63 65
[ ] :
, , :
, 1998 , 58
[ ] :
, , :
, 1992 , 2729
1 :
Embo diment 89

nap)G J PF CW WVO JR
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
,
, , , /
,
, , :

(Johann Dew ey) , ,
(M aurice Merleau-Po nty)


(flesh) ,
(the f lesh of the w orld), :

(Dasein) -(body -subject)
, (I can), (I t hink that), ,

- , ,
( )em-
bodiment , ,
, em bodied mi nd , (et hereal)
, ,
, ()(sensible), ()(sensi-
ti ve), (
), (), ,
,
, ()

, ,
: ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,

(bo dily experience)
(prim al basis),

Roland Ba rthes.Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes .T rans.:Richa rd How ar d.New Y ork :Hill and W ang ,
1977 , p .
117 .
embodied embodied
, embodied ,
, , ` ' ` ' ,
(Geo rge Lakoff , M a rk Johnso n.Philosophy in the F lesh -T he embodied mind and its chal lenge to
western thought .N ew Yo rk :Ba sic boo ks, 1999 , p . )
97.
[ ] :
, , :
, 2001 , 255 256 256
:
:
, () , 2007 9 , 17 19
G eor ge Lakoff , M ark Jo hnson .Philosophy in the F lesh - The embodied mind and its challenge to w estern
thought .New Yo rk :Basic bo oks , 1999, xi .
90 () 21


(M .H eideg ger)(J .Pi ag et)(L .S .Vyg ot sky)
, , bo dy ,
(flesh) ,
, ()
(shape)
em bodied cog nit ion em bodied mind thesis ,
, embodied imagination , embodied em bedded cog ni tionembod-
ied agent , embodied co gni tive science , em bodied ene rg yem-
bodied w ate r , embodied music co gni tion , , embodi ment
, ()

, ,
em bo diment , , ,
embodied

the cognitive science o f the embodied mind , :
(em bo died view o f mind), :
(senso ry-m ot or)
(charact eri zed)`'
(ment al st ructures)
embodied (connectio n)
,
`' (basic level) , (mot o r schem as)
(g est alt perceptio n)
(image fo rmatio n)
(senso rimo to r areas)(activat ion pat terns)
(co rtical areas) `' (pri mary metapho rs)
, (inferential pat terns),

(prot ot ype):
(ty pical cases) (social
stereot ypes)(salient exem plars)(cog nit ive ref erence point s)(end
points of g raded scales)(night mare cases)

embodied , (f orm s o f inf erence)

(m apped) (abstract modes of infer-

, (imagi native)
ence)

M onica Cow ar t.Embodied Co gnition .T he Inter net Encyclopedia of philo so phy , 2005.http :
// w ww .
iep .
utm .
edu/ embodco g/ .
M ichael L .A nderson .Embo died Co gnition :A field guide .Arti f icial Intelligence .149
(2003), p .
91 130 .
/ / e n.
http: wikipedia .
o rg/ w iki/ Embo diment
G eor ge L akoff , M ark Johnso n.P hi losophy in the Flesh -T he embodied mind and its challenge to w estern
thought .New Yo rk :Basic bo oks , 1999, p.
77 77 78 . ,
,
1 :
Embo diment 91

, ?
:
- ,

`' ,
, (nature)
(f lesh) , , ,

(fo rmal f unctio n)(charact erized),
, , ,
, , disem-
bodied , (li teral), (imaginative copaci ties)

, disembodied

, ? :
, embodied

,

:
(co gni tive unconscio us)embodiment of mind

(m etaphrical t houg ht)
, ,

,
, (si tuated)
, ,
,
, ,
(Hubert Dreyf us) (Churchland)

,
,
, ,
em bodiment
:
, , ,
(specif ic bodily fo rm) (may be realized in)
,
/
0
1
(Gibbs 2007) : disem-
bodied view of mind , embodied (shaped) Embodi-
ment , , ,
1

G eor ge Lakoff , M ar k Johnso n.Phi losophy in the Flesh -T he embodied mind and its
challenge to western thought .N ew Yo rk:Ba sic boo ks, 1999 , p .
75 7676 7881 87 8889 108 .
0 1 Raymo nd W .Jr .Gibbs.Embodiment and Cognitive Science .Cambridge ;New Y or k:Cambridg e U niver sity
1
P ress, 2006 .
92 () 21

, ()
, ,
, ,
, ;
,
, ,

(sensory-mo to r sy st em)
m echanism s of reason),
(shaped)(
, (colo r cones)
(neural ci rcui t ry fo r colo r) , , ,
, 1999 9
3 , (Edge)(Johann Brockm an) :
(Basic-level cat eg ories) ` ' (gest al t perceptio n)
(mental imagery)(m ot or schem as), , (senso r-m ot or sy stem)
`' (image-schemas),
`' (schemat ic mental im ag es), ,
(f it lang uage and reasoning to visio n and mov em ent)
, :
(reaso ning)
(inferential)(neural mo dels)(pref ormed), (in-
fe rence) , , ,

- ,
, :
(We are
neural being s) ,

, embodied by ,
, , , :
,
, (create fo rm)
, ,



, ,
, , ,
, , , :
, ,
`' ,
, , , em bo died (being s)
, ,
(expe rience) `' :

John Brockman. Philo so phy in the Flesh :A talk w ith G eo rge L ako ff .1999 .http:
// ww w .
edg e .
o rg/
3rd culture/ lakoff/ lakoff p1 .
html , p .
4 4 5 5 .
1 :
Embo diment 93

, ,
:
,


, ,
, , : ,
; , em bo died mind
, ,
disembodied di sembodied disembodied
(embodied human being )( , )
, ()

, 20 :
(algo ri thms)(entit y), (prope ri ty)
, , disem bodied mi nd (algo rithmic mi nd)

, :

disembodied (sy mbol)(m anipulatio n) ,
, ,
embodied , :
,
`' (paradigm) () disem-

bodied
, embodiment :


` em bodiment'
, ,
, , ` embodi ment' , ,
:
, (
-) , :
(1)(embodied);
(2)
(unconsci ous);
(3)
:
,
(f ollo w out) (em t ailment),

:
, ,
, ,

Jo hn Brockman.P hilo sophy in the Fle sh :A talk with Geo rge Lakoff .1999.http :
// ww w .
edge .
o rg/ 3rd
culture/ lakoff , lakoff p1 .
html , p .
4 4 .
Geo rg e L ako ff .Women , Fire and Dangerous Things .Chicago :
U niver sity o f Chicago P ress, 1990 ,
p.
340 340350348206 .
Jo hn Brockman.P hilo sophy in the F le sh :A talk with Geo rge Lakoff .1999 .http :
// w ww .
edge .
org/ 3rd cul-
html , p .
ture/ lakoff/ lakoff p1. 5; Geo rg e Lakoff , M ark Johnso n.Philosophy in the Flesh - T he embodied
mind and its challenge to western thought .N ew Yo rk :Basic boo ks, 1999 , p .
3.
94 () 21

embodiment
, , , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , , disembodied
, Aff ect ion is
w arm thH appy is up , ,
:
[ :
] ,
,
, ,
,
, ,

,

, ,
, ,
:

, , , embodiment
,
,
, :

, , (si tuated in) ,


, (T im van Gelder) :
, ,

, ,
,embodi ment , P aul Kay/

Chad M cDaniel Brent Berli n P aul Ekman Eleanor Ro sch ,
,
, , ,
, , emperiential-

ism , em perient iali sm , em bo diment :
Experientialism ,

Jo hn Brockman.P hilo sophy in the F le sh :A talk with Geo rge Lakoff .1999 .http :
// w ww .
edge .
org/ 3rd cul-
ture/ lakoff/ lakoff p1 .
html , p .
5.
Fra nciso .J .V arela , Ev an T .T hompson and Eleano r Rosch .The embodied mind :Cognitive science and human
e xperience .Cambridg e , M A :T he M IT P ress , 1991 , p . 9.
T. v an G elder .What mig ht co gnition be if no t computa tion .J ournal o f Philosophy , 1995, 91 , 345f f .
G eor ge Lakoff .Women , Fi re and Dangerous Things .Chicago :
Unive rsity of Chicago Pre ss , 1990, p.
14 15 .
,ex perientialism empiricism ,
, (), ex pe rientialism
ex perientialism ( embodiment ,
) ex pe rientialism , , , ,
[ ] : , :
2007, p.
xx i.
1 :
Embo diment 95

embodiment , , (pre-concupt ual) ,



,
, , ,
(analy tical phi loso phy),
(Jo hann Dew ey) ,
, ,


, :
,
, , ,
, ,
, ,

embodiment

em bo diment , disembodim ent ,


,
, di sembodied ,
,
, disembodim ent embodi ment , , :

(inf orm ation-processing psy cho logy) ,
,
disem bodiment :
(1)(underst andi ng) ;
(2) ;
(3)(characterize) ,
, ,
,disembodied , , ,
, disem bodiment
, ,
,
, , ,
, , di sembodiment ,
, , , disembodied ,

G eor ge Lakoff .Women , Fi re and Dangerous Things .Chicago :


Unive rsity of Chicago Pre ss , 1990, p.
267.
:
, :
, 2001 , 29
G eor ge L akoff , M ark Jo hnso n.Philosophy in the Flesh -T he embodied mind and its challenge to w estern
thought .New Yo rk :Basic bo oks , 1999, p.
75 75 90.
[ ] : (), , : , 2003 , 63 64 99
96 () 21

embodim ent
: (shape):
, ,
, ,

(shaped) , :
, embodied ,
, em bodiment
, (ex perience) ! ,


embodim ent , , , embodied
, em bodiment ,
,
, , (embodied mi nd)(embodied cog nit ion)(em-
bodied realism)(
em bodied philo sophy)
, , , :
(
disembodied),
, ,
(embodi ment) , ,
(neural bi ndi ng) ,
(disem bodied mind)(t ranscendent f eat ures), ,
(peculiarities)(remarkable details)

(specif ics)(shape)

, ,

[ 1] [ ] .()[ M] . . :
, 2003.
[ 2] [ ] . [ M] . :
, 2007 .
[ 3] , .[ J] . , 2006,(2):
184 190.
[ 4] [ ] .[ M] . . :
, 1992 .
[ 5] [ ] .[ M] . . :
, 1998 .
[ 6] [ ] .[ M] . . :
, 2001.
[ 7] . :
[ J] .(), 2007,(9):
17 19.
[ 8] .[ M] . :
, 2000 .
[ 9] .[ M] . :
, 2007 .
[ 10] . [ M] . :
, 2001.
[ 11] A nder so n, M ichae l L .Embodied Cog nitio n:A field g uide[ J] .
Arti f icial Intelligence , 149(2003):
91 130 .
[ 12] Ba rthes, Roland .Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes [ M ] .T rans.Richard Ho wa rd.New Yo rk :H ill and
Wang , 1977 .
[ 13] Brockman, Jo hn . Philosophy in the Flesh :A talk with Geo rg e Lakoff[ EB/ O L] .(1999 09 03)[ 2008 09

G eor ge L ako ff , M a rk Jo hnson .Philo sophy in the Fle sh -T he embodied mind and it s challe ng e to we ster n
thoug ht.N ew Y or k:Basic boo ks , 1999, p . 12 194.
1 :
Embo diment 97

01] .ht tp :
/ / w ww .
edge .
or g/ 3r d culture/ lakoff/ lakoff p1 .
html.
[ 14] Cow art , M onica .Embo died Co gnition[ EB/ O L] .(2005 07 08)[ 2008 08 20] .ht tp :
//w w w .
iep .
utm .
edu/ em-
bo dcog/ .
[ 15] Gibbs , Ray mond W .Jr .Embodiment and Cognitive S cience[ M] .Cambridg e ;New Y or k:Cambridge U niver sity
P ress, 2006 .
[ 16] L ako ff , G eorg e .Women , Fire and Dangerous Things[ M] .
Chicago :
U nive rsity of Chicago Press , 1990.
[ 17] Lako ff , Geo rge and M ar k Johnso n.Metaphors We Live By [ M] .Chicago & Lo ndon :U niver sity of Chicago P ress ,
1980 .
[ 18] L ako ff , Geo rg e and M a rk Johnso n .Philosophy in the F lesh - T he embod ied mind and its challenge to w estern
thought[ M] .
New Yo rk :Basic bo oks , 1999 .
[ 19] Rohrer , T ., Embodiment and experie ntialism[ G] / / G eeraer ts D , Cuy ckens H , eds .T he Ox f ord H andbook of
Cognitive L ing uistics .O xfo rd :O xfo rd U niver sity P ress , 2007 :
25 47.
[ 20] V an G elder , T .
W hat mig ht co gnition be if no t co mputation[ J] .
J ournal of Phi losophy , 91(1995):
345 381 .
[ 21] V arela , F rancisco .J .
, Evan T .T ho mpso n and Eleano r Ro sch .T he embodied mind :Cognitive science and human
e xperience[ M] .Cambridg e , M A :T he M IT P ress .
1991 .

The Terminology Embodiment of Lakoff


FENG Xiao-hu
(School of Foreign S tudies , Universit y o f Internat ional Business
and Economics , Bei j ing 100029 , Chi na)
Abstract :T he te rm embodi ment i s a fundamental term in cog ni tive linguist ics and o ther terms like
embodied mind , em bo died cog nit ion , embodied reali sm and em bo died philo sophy are de rived f rom i t .
An i naccurate t ranslation of t en leads t o misunderstandings i n the field of the t heo ry of cognitive
lingui st ics .A w ide range of dif ferent t ranslatio ns can be f ound in Chinese scientif ic t ex ts .All of t hem
are a re sult f rom det ailed co nsiderations but a satisfying solutio n t o this problem i s yet to be found .
T he mai n reason fo r t he diff iculties in t ranslating this term stems f rom t he complexit y of t he term
it self .Rohrer count s at least tw elve diff erent definitio ns of em bodiment .T he present paper fo cuses
o n the defini tion by Lakof f/ Johnson and is f urther concerned wi th the di scussion of the mind-bo dy
problem by A rist ot le , Plat o , Descar tes , Niet zsche , Ro land Bar th , M aurice Merleau-Po nt y and
Johann Dew ey .T he co ur se of t he discussion can be summ ari zed as fo llow s :mind wi thout bo dy
mind versus body renaissance of the body integ ration of mind and body .Nex t , the dist inctio n
betw een the first generat ion of cog ni tive lingui st s and the seco nd gene rat ion of co gni tive lingui st s w ill
be illust rated .F inally , a new Chi nese t ranslat ion of the t erm em bo diment w ill be put fo rw ard .
Key words :em bo diment ;L akof f/ Johnso n ;co gni tive linguistic ;t ermino logy

( :
)

You might also like