IEEE International Magnetics Conference

VANCOUVER
2012. 5. 7. 2012. 5. 11.

Modeling of Magneto-rheological
Elastomers for Harmonic
Shear Deformation

Seunghyun Eem1, Hyung-Jo Jung1 and Jeong-Hoi Koo2

1Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, Korea
2Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Ohio, USA
Contents
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Introduction

Experiment

MREs dynamic model

Conclusions

Further study

2
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Magneto-rheological Elastomer (MRE)

MRE is basically elastomer with micro-sized iron particles embedded

The embedded iron particles align themselves along the direction of the

magnetic field

The MREs elastic modulus of stiffness can be varied depending on the

magnetic field strength

3
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Base Isolation System

One of the most widely implemented and accepted control
strategies
Isolating the structure from ground motion

Base Isolation
4
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Base Isolation System

One of the most widely implemented and accepted control
strategies
Isolating the structure from ground motion

5
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD)

One of the most widely implemented and accepted control
strategies
Absorbing vibration energy by tuned mass damper

M
M

Tuned Mass Damper Pendulum TMD

6
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD)

< n = n > n

7
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

MRE-based base isolation system (Smart Base Isolation)

In the MRE- based base isolation system, the controllable MR

elastomer allows to adapt to various loading conditions, effectively

reducing the excessive structural vibrations.

8
Introduction
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Dynamic model of MRE

A magneto-rheological elastomer component is commonly subjected to

dynamic loading in engineering applications.

Its mechanical properties, including shear modulus and damping ratio,

are greatly dependent on the amplitude and frequency of the dynamic

loading.

9
Experiment
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Characteristic Test of MRE

MRE sample and experimental set-up

- MRE were fabricated using silicon resin with 30% of 10m-sized iron

particles by volume
Aluminum plate
- Sample size : 19.0512.712.7 mm3
MRE Sample
Magnet Magnet

Aluminum plate 10
Experiment
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Characteristic Test of MRE

MRE sample and experimental set-up

- Varying of magnetic field ( 0.05 T~0.5 T )

- Varying of loading amplitude ( 1.0 mm ~ 5.0 mm )

- Varying of loading frequency ( 0.5 Hz ~ 3.0 Hz )

11
Experiment
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Characteristic Test of MRE

Result

- As the magnetic flux increases, the maximum stress increases

10

5
Force (N)

-5 0.05 T
0.20 T
0.50 T
-10
-40 -20 0 20 40
Displacement (mm)
12
Experiment
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Characteristic Test of MRE

Result

- As the loading frequency increases, the stress increases

10

5
Force (N)

-5 0.5 Hz
1.0 Hz
3.0 Hz
-10
-40 -20 0 20 40
Displacement (mm)
13
Experiment
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Characteristic Test of MRE

Result
- As the input amplitude increases, the area of the loop
increases, indicating the energy dissipation increases
15

10
Force (N)

1.0 mm
-5
3.0 mm
5.0 mm
-10
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Displacement (mm) 14
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Dynamic model of MRE

r 1
FR FR FR

x= +
K 0 K 0 Fy

dx 1 dFM FM
= +
dt K m dt Cm

F = FR + FM

K 0 = 4.697 10 5 B + 2.17110 4 N / m
Fy = 2.05 10 3 B 0.524 2.359 10 3 N
r = 1.47
K m = 9341 B 6.481 + 214.3 N / m
Cm = 21.35 B + 15.02 N s 2 / m
15
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Dynamic model of MRE

F = akx + (1 a )kz + k0 x + c0 x
a = 1.12
k = 12
z = x( A ( sign( xz ) + ) z )
n
= 19
A = 60
=0
ko = 21020 + 19970 B + 9697 f 19730 B 2 + 8917 B f 5568 f 2 n=2
+ 38080 B 3 9655 B 2 f 2142 B f 2 + 831.1 f 3 N / m

co = 1487 B 0.2213 f 0.9761 + 310.4 N sec/ m

16
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Behavior of dynamic model of MRE

10 5 15

8 4
10
6 3

4 2
5
Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)
2 1

0 0 0

-2 -1
-5
-4 -2

-6 -3
0.05 T 0.5 Hz -10 1.0 mm
-8 0.20 T -4 1.0 Hz 3.0 mm
0.50 T 3.0 Hz 5.0 mm
-10 -5 -15
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)

Varying of magnetic field Varying of loading frequency Varying of loading amplitude

17
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Comparison between dynamic model of MRE and experimental results

As the loading amplitude changes

5 5 15 15
Measured data Measured data
Dynamic Model Dynamic Model
10 10

5 5
Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)
0 0 0 0

-5 -5

-10 -10

-5 -5 -15 -15
0 5 10 15 20 -10 0 10 0 5 10 15 20 -10 0 10
Time (sec) Displacement (mm) Time (sec) Displacement (mm)

(Harmonic : disp. 1mm, freq. 0.5Hz, B: 0.40T) (Harmonic : disp. 3mm, freq. 0.5Hz, B: 0.50T)

18
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Comparison between dynamic model of MRE and experimental results

As the magnetic field density changes

8 8 10 10
Measured data Measured data
6 Dynamic Model 6 Dynamic Model

4 4 5 5

2 2
Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)
0 0 0 0

-2 -2

-4 -4 -5 -5

-6 -6

-8 -8 -10 -10
0 2 4 6 8 10 -10 0 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 -10 0 10
Time (sec) Displacement (mm) Time (sec) Displacement (mm)

(Harmonic : disp. 3mm, freq. 1.0Hz, B: 0.05T) (Harmonic : disp. 3mm, freq. 1.0Hz, B: 0.50T)

19
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Comparison between dynamic model of MRE and experimental results

As the loading freq. changes

10 10 15 15
Measured data Measured data
Dynamic Model Dynamic Model
10 10
5 5
5 5
Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)

Force (N)
0 0 0 0

-5 -5
-5 -5
-10 -10

-10 -10 -15 -15

0 5 10 15 20 -10 0 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 -10 0 10
Time (sec) Displacement (mm) Time (sec) Displacement (mm)

(Harmonic : disp. 5mm, freq. 0.5Hz, B: 0.10T) (Harmonic : disp. 5mm, freq. 3.0Hz, B: 0.10T)

20
MRE Model
,
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Applied magnetic Disp. Applied magnetic Disp.

1 mm 3 mm 5 mm 1 mm 3 mm 5 mm
flux density (B) freq. flux density (B) freq.
0.05 T 0.5 Hz 93.65 % 92.75 % 88.19 % 0.30 T 0.5 Hz 90.85 % 91.78 % 93.06 %
0.05 T 1.0 Hz 89.51 % 91.45 % 89.29 % 0.30 T 1.0 Hz 91.18 % 90.36 % 91.82 %
0.05 T 2.0 Hz 87.59 % 89.97 % 90.21 % 0.30 T 2.0 Hz 90.84 % 91.34 % 92.21 %
0.05 T 3.0 Hz 84.62 % 90.70 % 91.35 % 0.30 T 3.0 Hz 90.27 % 91.91 % 91.58 %
0.10 T 0.5 Hz 91.40 % 91.23 % 94.75 % 0.35 T 0.5 Hz 90.90 % 91.15 % 93.17 %
0.10 T 1.0 Hz 91.83 % 90.77 % 93.27 % 0.35 T 1.0 Hz 91.06 % 89.79 % 91.41 %
0.10 T 2.0 Hz 91.16 % 92.29 % 94.26 % 0.35 T 2.0 Hz 92.08 % 91.19 % 92.47 %
0.10 T 3.0 Hz 92.11 % 92.45 % 93.00 % 0.35 T 3.0 Hz 90.14 % 90.80 % 92.28 %
0.15 T 0.5 Hz 88.80 % 93.51 % 91.58 % 0.40 T 0.5 Hz 92.04 % 92.84 % 92.97 %
0.15 T 1.0 Hz 91.53 % 92.53 % 90.77 % 0.40 T 1.0 Hz 90.76 % 91.15 % 91.66 %
0.15 T 2.0 Hz 90.88 % 93.44 % 91.78 % 0.40 T 2.0 Hz 90.36 % 91.99 % 92.57 %
0.15 T 3.0 Hz 92.03 % 93.55 % 91.56 % 0.40 T 3.0 Hz 91.82 % 91.55 % 92.63 %
0.20 T 0.5 Hz 89.92 % 91.56 % 92.82 % 0.45 T 0.5 Hz 92.49 % 93.71 % 93.64 %
0.20 T 1.0 Hz 89.48 % 91.21 % 91.44 % 0.45 T 1.0 Hz 91.10 % 92.23 % 91.96 %
0.20 T 2.0 Hz 89.20 % 92.11 % 91.52 % 0.45 T 2.0 Hz 92.37 % 93.01 % 93.38 %
0.20 T 3.0 Hz 90.26 % 91.14 % 91.76 % 0.45 T 3.0 Hz 91.46 % 92.84 % 93.22 %
0.25 T 0.5 Hz 91.47 % 92.53 % 92.90 % 0.50 T 0.5 Hz 93.55 % 94.55 % 92.10 %
0.25 T 1.0 Hz 89.18 % 91.22 % 91.45 % 0.50 T 1.0 Hz 91.56 % 92.96 % 91.53 %
0.25 T 2.0 Hz 91.80 % 92.69 % 92.16 % 0.50 T 2.0 Hz 90.07 % 93.11 % 92.01 %
0.25 T 3.0 Hz 90.15 % 91.28 % 94.16 % 0.50 T 3.0 Hz 89.59 % 92.02 % 92.63 %

norm( Fp Fm )
fitness (%) = 1 100
norm( Fm mean( Fm ))
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Conclusions
,

introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

An experimental test has been carried out to identify a dynamic

characteristic of MRE

The dynamic model of MRE is established for shear deformation.

An experiment test and results of dynamic model of MRE are compared

These results demonstrate that the dynamic model of MRE can be

effectively used for evaluation of MRE based system

22
Further Study
,

introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Random load

Experiment test control smart base isoaltion

23
MRE Model Validation
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Validation of MREs model

Experiment Numerical simulation
MRE Model Validation
introduction :: MRE base isolation :: MRE model :: MRE model validation :: numerical simulation :: conclusions

Validation of MREs model

Experimental set-up

6.780 Kg

40.18 KN/m
7.757 Kg
Thank you for your attention!

26