Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Polyurethane
Elastomers (TPU)
Elastollan
Processing
Recommendations
Technical Information
Contents
General Storage 4
Recommendations Drying 5
Colouring 6
Additives 6
Use of Regrind 6
Post-treatment 7
Disposal 8
Mould Design 12
Shrinkage 14
Inserts 14
Die Design 18
Extrusion Techniques 20
Bonding 23
Surface Finishing 23
2
Contents
Drilling 24
Turning 25
Milling 25
Cutting 25
Grinding 25
Punching 25
Quality 26
Management
3
General Recommendations
Storage
Humidity [%]
0,60
The following recommendations
should be observed in the process- 0,50
4
General Recommendations
Drying
Drying recommendations
Elastollan hardness Drying time Drying temperature
Circulating air Dehumidified air
Shore A 78 to 90 2 to 3 hours 100 to 110C 80 to 90C
0,35
Residual moisture [%]
0,30
Dehumidified air
0,25 dryer 110 C
Circulating-air
0,20 oven 110 C
0,15 Circulating-air
oven, 90 C
0,10
0,05
0,00
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
5
General Recommendations
Colouring
All grades in our Elastollan range can There is a risk that non-Elastollan-
be coloured. Masterbatches based based colour masterbatches will
on TPU are most suitable for this prove incompatible with Elastollan
purpose. The normal level of addition grades. Poor pigment dispersion and
of colour masterbatch is 2%, how- a lack of colouring strength, as well
ever, Elastollan grades containing as poor surface finish and possible
pre-included additives, e.g. flame loss of quality may result.
retardant types, may require a high
loading to achieve the full depth of
colour.
Additives
Use of Regrind
6
General Recommendations
Post-treatment
7
General Recommendations
Disposal
8
Processing
Injection Moulding
Machine Design
L = 1822 D
Fig. 4
14
Flight depth (feeding zone) [mm]
12
10
4
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
9
Processing
Injection Moulding
Processing Parameters
60 A 80 A 170210 200210
85 A 95 A 190220 210225
98 A 74 D 210230 220240
Table 3
100
Screw speed [rpm]
80
40
20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
10
Processing
Injection Moulding
Processing Parameters
pst
Time t
Fig. 7
180
160 60 Shore A
140
120
Time [s]
85 Shore A
100
64 Shore D
80
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
11
Processing
Injection Moulding
Mould Design
Sprues
The maximum sprue diameter should
Fig. 9
not exceed the maximum wall thick-
ness of the moulding. The diameter
of the sprue cone should be adjusted
to the nozzle and exceed the nozzle
diameter by 0.5 mm. The gate should
be located in the area of maximum
wall thickness.
Runners
The melt properties of Elastollan Fig. 10
require large diameter runners to
avoid localized shearing and to
Gating
enable the maximum pressure
Gates for the processing of
transfer to ensure mould filling.
Elastollan should be large, to ensure
adequate holding pressure and to
For Elastollan, the best flow charac-
avoid sink marks. Critical shear rate
teristics are achieved by using a
is 25 000 s-1.
circular runner cross section.
Fig. 11
12
Processing
Injection Moulding
Mould Design
Venting Fig. 12
Air must be able to escape easily
from the mould cavities during injec-
tion of the melt, to prevent com-
pressed air causing burn marks. Vent
channels of 0.02 to 0.05 mm in depth
are best located at the parting line,
at inserts and at pins.
Mould Surface
To facilitate demoulding, particularly
when processing the softer Film gate
Elastollan grades, mould surfaces
Fig. 13
with a roughness height of approx.
25 to 35 m are recommended.
Demoulding
Sprue gate
The flexibility of Elastollan in the
lower Shore hardness range allows Fig. 14
quite large undercuts. Experience
shows that short-term overstretch-
ing of less than 5% will not lead to Mould temperatures may vary from
permanent deformation. 15 to 70C, depending on the
Elastollan grade and type of
For trouble-free demoulding, ejec- moulding.
tors should be two to three times
larger than for harder thermo- Possible distortion of the moulded
plastics. They should be provided parts can be avoided by varying the
with venting channels, to prevent temperature in each half of the
vacuum during demoulding. mould.
13
Processing
Injection Moulding
Shrinkage
Hardness 95 Shore A
2,0
Hardness 74 Shore D
1,5
Shrinkage [%]
1,0
0,5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Inserts
14
Processing
Injection Moulding
Table 5
15
Processing
Extrusion
Machine Design
Fig. 16
14
Flight depth (feeding zone) [mm]
12
10
4
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
16
Processing
Extrusion
Machine Design
Processing Parameters
100
Screw speed [rpm]
80
40
20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
17
Processing
Extrusion
Processing Parameters
Die Design
Fig. 19
18
Processing
Extrusion
Die Design
Calibration die
Fig. 21
19
Processing
Extrusion
Fig. 22
Extrusion techniques
Wire guide
Breaker plate
Entry bush Die support Pin
Fig. 23
20
Processing
Extrusion
Extrusion Techniques
Diagrammatic view
of a torpedo head
Spiral
mandrel
Drive
Barrel Extruder
Torpedo
Barrel
Mandrel
Deflector piece Die
Fig. 24 Parison
Diagrammatic view
of a sheet die
Fig. 25
21
Processing
Extrusion
Pulsation
Rough surface
Surface streaks
Bubbles/Blisters
Flow lines/
Spider lines
Excssive blocking
Unmelted particles
Dimensional variations
Unsufficient dimensional
stability
Melt fracture
Material degradation
Increase to solve problem
Reduce to solve problem
Increase or reduce to solve problems
Table 7
22
Machining
Welding
The following welding techniques Decisive for the weld strength are:
have proved successful for the the temperature which enables
bonding of finished and semi-finished below decomposition temperature a
Elastollan parts: sufficient flow of Elastollan, and the
pressure which generates the melt
Injection moulded parts are mainly flow and sealing of the two layers.
bonded by hot plate, ultrasonic The pressure also provides stabilisa-
(harder types), high frequency- or tion of the welding joint during setting
friction welding. time.
Bonding
Surface Finishing
23
Machining
Machining Parameters
Clearance angle
Rake angle
Setting angle x
Point angle
. . . . of
Drilling
24
Machining
Turning
Milling
Cutting
Grinding
Punching
Results of stamping
Soft Hard
Fig. 27
25
Quality Management
Lagerung
26
A G R
B S
H
C
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D
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P U
F
W
Q
27
BASF Polyurethanes GmbH
Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Elastomers: Elastollan
BASF Polyurethanes GmbH The data contained in this publication are based on our
current knowledge and experience. In view of the many
European Business Management factors that may affect processing and application of
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes our product, these data do not relieve processors from
carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither
Elastogranstrae 60 do these data imply any guarantee of certain properties,
KU/WM, MP 208-10/10 GB
49448 Lemfrde nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose.
Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data,
Germany proportions, weights etc. given herein may change with-
Telephone ++49 (54 43) 12-25 00 out prior information and do not constitute the agreed
Telefax ++49 (54 43) 12-25 55 contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility
of the recipient of our products to ensure that any
E-Mail elastomere@basf.com proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are
www.pu.basf.eu observed. (01/17)