223

DESIGN OF BEAM

Roof Beam - 2 Member # 14 (Frame D)

Design Criteria:

fc= 21 MPa = 0.85

fy = 275 MPa = 0.90

L = 8.0 m Concrete covering = 40 mm

Solution:

0.85 f c ' 600 0.85 ( 21 ) ( 0.85 ) (600)

b= = =0.0378
f y (600+ f y ) 275(600+275)

max =0.75 b=0.75(0.0378)=0.0284

max 0.0284
= = =0.0142
2 2

f y 0.01(275)
= = =0.186
f c' 21

At left support (from STAAD Analysis):

Mu = 4.004 kN-m

Try 200 mm x 300 mm

Effective depth

[ 1
2

d=h C c + diameter of steel +diameter of stirrups ]
d=300[ 40+12.5+10 ]

d = 237.5 mm

M c = f c ' b d 2 (10.59 )
 0.90 ( 21 )( 200 ) ( 3002 ) ( 0.1858 ) ( 10.59 x 0.1858 )

35.31 kNm

Mc < Mu

35.31 kN-m > 4.004 kN-m (Single Reinforcement)

Compute for steel area required

As=bd=0.0142 ( 200 ) ( 300 )

2
674.500 mm

Determine number of steel bars

Use 25 mm

674.500= ( 252 ) n
4 ; n=1.37 say 2 bars

Use 225 mm for anchorage

Development Length

0.02 Ab f y
Ld =
f c'

2 2
A b = ( 25 )=490.880mm
4
 0.02 ( 490.880 )( 275)
Ld = =589.153 mm say 580 mm
21

Ld min=0.06 d b f y =0.06 (25 )( 275 )=412.5 mm

Use 2-25 mm bar on top

2-25 mm bar on bottom for anchorage

At midspan (from STAAD Analysis):

Mu = 8.853 kN-m
Try 200 mm x 300 mm

Effective depth

1
2[
d=h C c + diameter of steel +diameter of stirrups ]
d=300[ 40+12.5+10 ]

d = 237.5 mm
2
M c = f c ' b d (10.59 )

0.90 ( 21 )( 200 ) ( 3002 ) ( 0.1858 ) ( 10.59 x 0.1858 )

35.31 kNm

Mc < Mu

35.31 kN-m > 8.853 kN-m (Single Reinforcement)

Compute for steel area required

As=bd=0.0142 ( 200 ) ( 300 )

674.500 mm2

Determine number of steel bars

Use 25 mm

674.500= ( 252 ) n
4 ; n=1.37 say 2 bars
 Use 225 mm for anchorage

Development Length

0.02 Ab f y
Ld =
f c'

A b = ( 25 2 )=490.880mm 2
4

0.02 ( 490.880 )( 275)

Ld = =589.153 mm say 580 mm
21

Ld min=0.06 d b f y =0.06 (25 )( 275 )=412.5 mm

Use 2-25 mm bar on top for

anchorage

2-25 mm bar on bottom

At right support (from STAAD Analysis):

Mu = 39.361 kN-m

Try 200 mm x 300 mm

Effective depth

[
1
2

d=h C c + diameter of steel +diameter of stirrups
]
d=450 [ 40+16+10 ]

d = 237.5 mm

M c = f c ' b d 2 (10.59 )

0.90 ( 21 )( 200 ) ( 3002 ) ( 0.1858 ) ( 10.59 x 0.1858 )

32.31 kNm

Mc < Mu

35.31 kN-m < 39.361 kN-m (Double Reinforcement)

M 2=M uM c

39.36135.31

4.051 kN m

Compute for steel area required

As 1=bd=0.0142 ( 200 ) (300 )

2
674.500 mm

M2
As '=
f y ( dd ' )
 6
4.051 10

0.85 275 ) ( 237.562.50 )
(

97.687 mm2

As= As1 + As

674.500+97.687

772.187 mm2

Determine number of bars

Use 25 mm

772.187= ( 25 2) n
4 ; n=1.57 say 2 bars on top

97.687= ( 252 ) n; n=0.1990 bars say 2 bars
4 on bottom

Development Length

0.02 Ab f y
Ld =
f c'

A b = ( 25 2 )=490.880mm 2
4

0.02 ( 490.880 )( 275)

Ld = =589.153 mm say 580 mm
21

Ld min=0.06 d b f y =0.06 (25 )( 275 )=412.50 mm

Check first whether tension and compression steel yields

Assume fs = fy = fs

T=C

As 1 f y =0.85 f c ' ab

674.500 ( 275 )=0.85 ( 21 ) a(200)

a= 51.96 mm

a=c ; 51.96=0.85 c

c = 61.13 mm

s
= c
dc c

s 0.003
=
237.561.13 61.13

s=8.66 103

s'
= c
cd ' c

s ' 0.003
=
61.1362.50 66

s '=0.07 103
 fy 275
y= = =1.375 103
E s 200000

3 3
s> y ; 8.66 10 >1.375 10 ((

)
3 3

s '> y ; 0.07 10 >1.375 10 ( compression does not yield

Therefore our assumption that fs=fy is correct .

Check whether compression yields using ACI specifications

' 0.85 f c ' d ' 600

>
f y d ( 600f y )

As ' 97.687
' = = =2.06 103
bd 200(300)

A s 772.187
= = =0.01626
bd 200(300)

'
=0.0142

0.85 f c ' d ' 600 0.85 0.85 21 66 600

= =0.0268
f y d ( 600f y ) 275 384 ( 600275 )

0.0142<0.0268

max >

'
max =0.75 b +
 3
max =0.0284+ 2.06 10

max =0.03043

0.03043>0.0261( o . k .)

Use 2-25 mm bar on top

2-25 mm bar on bottom

Shear Reinforcement

Design Criteria:

F y(stirrups)=275 MPa

f c=21 MPa

d stirrups =10 mm

From STAAD Analysis:

d=237.5 mm

V u at support =19.688 kN
 V u at support V u at distance d
=
L Ld

19.688 V u at distance d
=
4 40.2375

V c = ( 200 )( 237.5 )
V u at distance d=18.519 kN 21 V c =36.279 kN
6

V u=(V c +V s)

=0.75 ( As per NSCP 2010)

18.51 9=0.75 ( 36.279 ) +0.75 V s V s=11.587 kN

V c =0.75 ( 36.279 ) V c =27.209 kN

Vc
=13.605 kN
2

V u <V c Stirrups are not required

Check if beam size is adequate:

2
V s< 21 ( 200 )( 237.5 )
3

11.587 kN <145.115 kN The section is adequate carry the shear

Maximum Spacing provided by the Code:

d 237.5
S max = = =118.75 mm say 110 mm
2 2
 S max =600 mm S=110 mm

Calculate the distance where there are no stirrups.

V c
2 V at support
= u
L L
x
2 2

13.605 19.688
=
8 4 x=1.236 m
x
2

Use spacing of stirrups: 110 mm CL