Ana Mara Albornoz R.

Ejercicios resueltos

1. Calcular los siguientes lmites algebraicos

x2 + 1 22 + 1 5
1) lm 2
= 2
=
x2 x 1 2 1 3

x2 2x + 1 12 21 + 1 0 x2 2x + 1 (x 1)2
2) lm = = pero l
m = l
m =
x1 x3 x 13 1 0 x1 x3 x x1 x(x2 1)

(x 1)2 (x 1) 11 0
lm = lm = = =0
x1 x(x 1)(x + 1) x1 x(x + 1) 1(2) 2

(x 1) 2 x 0 (x 1) 2 x (x 1) 2 x
3) lm = , pero lm = lm =
x1 1 x2 0 x1 1 x2 x1 (1 x)(1 + x)

(1 x) 2 x 1 2 x 1
lm = lm =
x1 (1 x)(1 + x) x1 1+x 2

1 3 1 3
4) lm lm = que es una forma indetermi-
x1 1 x 1 x x1 1 x 1 x3
3
nada.
1 3 1 3
Pero lm 3
= lm =
x1 1 x 1x x1 1 x (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )
(1 + x + x2 ) 3) (1 + x + x2 3)
lm = l
m =
x1 1x (1 x)(1 + x + x2 ) x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )
(x2 + x 2) (x 1)(x + 2)
lm = l
m =
x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 ) x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )

(1 x)(x + 2) (x + 2) 3
lm 2
= lm 2
= = 1
x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x ) x1 (1 + x + x ) 3

x+2 x4 x+2 x4
5) lm + = l
m + =
x1 x2 5x + 4 3(x2 3x + 2) x1 (x 4)(x 1) 3(x 2)(x 1)
3(x + 2)(x 2) + (x 4)(x 4) 3(x2 4) + (x 4)2 )
lm = lm =
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1) x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)

3x2 12 + x2 8x + 16 4x2 8x + 4
lm = lm =
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1) x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)

4(x2 2x + 1) 4(x2 2x + 1)
lm = lm =
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1) x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)

4(x 1)2 4(x 1) 0

lm = lm = =0
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1) x1 3(x 4)(x 2) 24
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 2

2+x3x3 2 x 3x3
2 + x 3x3 x3 3 + x3
x3 0+03
6) lm = lm 5x2 +3x3
= lm x5 x2 3x3
= = 1
x 5 x2 + 3x3 x x + 00+3
x3 x3 x3 x3

x3 x3 x(x2 + 1) x3 x3 x x
7) lm 2
x = l
m 2
= l
m 2
= lm 2 =
x x + 1 x x +1 x x +1 x x + 1

x2 0
lm x2 x 1 = =0
x
x 2 + x 2
1 + 0

x2 +13 x

2
x +13 x x
x2 +1
x
3 xx
8) lm = lm 4 3 = lm 4 3
x 4 x3 + 5x x x x +5xx x x +5x
xx
x x
q q
x2 +1 3
1 + x12 3x
x2
x1/2 1+00
= lm q = lm q = = 1
x 4 x3 +5x
1
x 4 1
+ 5
1
4
0+01
x4 x x3

1 + x2 1
9) lm Racionalizando obtenemos
x0 x

1 + x2 1 1 + x2 + 1 1 + x2 1
lm = lm =
x0 x 1 + x2 + 1 x0 x( 1 + x2 + 1)
x2 x 0
lm = lm = =0
2
x0 x( 1 + x + 1) x0 2
1 + x + 1) 2

x12
10) lm Racionalizando obtenemos
x5 x5

x12 x1+2 x14 x5
lm = lm = lm =
x5 x5 x1+2 x5 (x 5)( x 1 + 2) x5 (x 5)( x 1 + 2)
1 1
lm =
x5 x1+2 4

3

3

7 + x3 3 + x2 7 + x3 3 + x2 + 2 2
11) lm = lm =
x1 x1 x1 x1

3

7 + x3 2 3 + x2 2
lm Racionalizando cada fraccion obtenemos:
x1 x1 x1
p
3
7 + x3 2 3 (7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4 3 + x2 2 3 + x2 + 2
lm p =
x1 x1 3
(7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4 x1 3 + x2 + 2
(7 + x3 ) 8 3 + x2 4
lm p =
x1 (x 1) 3
(7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4) (x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)
x3 1 x2 1
lm p
3
=
x1 (x 1) 3
(7 + x3 )2 + 2 7 + x3 + 4) (x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 3

(x 1)(x2 + x + 1) (x 1)(x + 1)
lm p
3
=
x1 (x 1) 3 (7 + x3 )2 + 2 7 + x3 + 4) (x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)
((x2 + x + 1) (x + 1)
lm p
3
=
x1 3
(7 + x ) + 2 7 + x + 4) ( 3 + x2 + 2)
3 2 3

1+1+1 2 3 2 1 2 1
= = =
4+4+4 2+2 12 4 4 4 4
p
12) lm (x + m)(x + n) x Racionalizando queda:
x
p
p (x + m)(x + n) + x (x + m)(x + n) x2
lm (x + m)(x + n)x p = lm p =
x (x + m)(x + n) + x x (x + m)(x + n) + x
x2 + (m + n)x + mn x2 (m + n)x + mn
lm p = lm p Dividiendo
x (x + m)(x + n) + x x 2
x + (m + n)x + mn + x
por la
potencia mas grande de x, que es x2 queda:
mn
(m + n) + x (m + n) + 0 m+n
lm q = =
x (m+n) mn 1+0+0+1 2
1+ x
+ x2
+1

1 3 1 3 4 + 2x + x2 3
13) lm = lm = lm =
x2 2 x 8 x3 x2 2 x (2 x)(4 + 2x + x2 ) x2 (2 x)(4 + 2x + x2 )

x2 + 2x + 1 4+4+1
lm 2
= =
x2 (2 x)(4 + 2x + x ) 0

8x2 1 1
14) lm1 2 = =
x 2 6x 5x + 1 0
8x2 2x 1 (2x 1)(4x + 1) 4x + 1 2+1 3
lm1 2
= lm1 = lm1 = 3 = 1 =6
x 2 6x 5x + 1 x 2 (3x 1)(2x 1) x 2 3x 1 2
1 2

3x4 2x + 1
15) lm Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x4 queda:
x 3x2 + 6x 2

3 x23 + x14 3
lm 3 6 2 = =
x
x2
+ x3 x4 0

x2 + 4 2 x2 + 4 2 x2 + 4 + 2 x2 + 9 + 3
16) lm = lm =
x0 x2 + 9 3 x0 x2 + 9 3 x2 + 4 + 2 x2 + 9 + 3

(x2 + 4 4)( x2 + 9 + 3) (x2 )( x2 + 9 + 3)
lm = lm =
x0 (x2 + 9 9)( x2 + 4 + 2) x0 (x2 )( x2 + 4 + 2)
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 4

x2 + 9 + 3 0+9+3 3+3 6 3
lm = = = =
x0 2
x +4+2 0+4+2 2+2 4 2

1 + 2x 3 1 + 2x 3 1 + 2x + 3 1 + 2x 9
17) lm = lm = lm =
x4 x4 x4 x4 1 + 2x + 3 x4 (x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3)

2x 8 2(x 4) 2
lm = lm = lm =
x4 (x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3) x4 (x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3) x4 1 + 2x + 3
2 1
=
6 3

3x + x x
18) lm x
Primero calcularemos lm x usando el teorema del Sandwich.
x 3 2x x 3
x x x 1
Sabemos que 3x x3 Para x > 3 Por lo tanto x 3 ademas x x por
3 x 3 3
lo que
1 x x 1 x 1
podemos afirmar que: x x 3 x x 2 Aplicando lmite
3 3 x 3 3 x
1 x 1 x x
lm x lm x lm 2 0 lm x 0 Por lo que lm x = 0
x 3 x 3 x x x 3 x 3

Dividiendo el limite que queremos calcular por 3x queda:

3x + x 1 + 3xx 1 + 3xx 1+0
lm x = lm 2x = l
m x = lm =1
x 3 2x x 1 x x 1 2 x x 1 2(0)
3 3

3
x2 + 1
19) lm Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x queda:
x x 2
q q
3 x2 3 1
x3
1
+ x3 x
+ x13 0
lm x 2 = lm 2 = =0
x
x
x x 1
x
1

2x2 + 1

20) lm 3 Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x7/3 queda:
x 7
x + 2x
2x2 1 2 1
x7/3
+ x7/3 1/3 + x7/3 0
lm q = lm xq = =0
x 3 x7
+ 2x x 3
1+ 2 1
x7 x7 x6

x2 + a2 a x2 + a2 a x2 + a2 + a x2 + b2 + b
21) lm = lm =
x0 x2 + b2 b x0 x2 + b2 b x2 + a2 + a x2 + b2 + b

(x2 + a2 a2 )( x2 + b2 + b) x2 ( x2 + b2 + b)
lm = lm =
x0 (x2 + b2 b2 )( x2 + a2 + a) x0 x2 ( x2 + a2 + a)

x2 + b2 + b b2 + b 2b b
lm = = =
x0 x2 + a2 + a a2 + a 2a a
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 5

1 3x
22) lm Sea u6 = x Si x 1 entonces u6 = 1 u 1
x1 1 x

3
1 3x 1 u6 1 u2 (1 u)(1 + u)
lm = lm = lm 3
= lm =
x1 1 x u1 1 u 6 u1 1 u u1 (1 u)(1 + u + u2 )

1+u 2
lm 2
=
u1 1 + u + u 3
2. Calcular los siguientes lmites trigonometricos
sen 8x sen 8x 8 sen 8x
1) lm = lm = lm 8 = (8)(1) = 8
x0 x x0 x 8 x0 8x

2sen (3x) 2sen (3x) 3 sen (3x) 6 6 6
2) lm = lm = lm = (1) =
x0 5x x0 5x 3 x0 3x 5 5 5

sen (3x) sen (3x) 2x 3 sen (3x) 2x 3 3
3) lm = lm = lm = (1)(1) =
x0 sen (2x) x0 sen (2x) 3x 2 x0 3x sen (2x) 2 2
3
2

tg (2x) tg (2x) 5x 2 tg (2x) 5x 2 2 2
4) lm = lm = lm = (1)(1) =
x0 sen (5x) x0 sen (5x) 2x 5 x0 2x sen (5x) 5 5 5

2x 2x 7 9x 2 2 2
5) lm = lm = lm = (1) =
x0 sen (9x) x0 sen (9x) 7 x0 sen (9x) 9 9 9

sen (3x) 1 sen (3x) 3 1 sen (3x) 3 1 3 1
6) lm + = lm + = lm + = (1) + =
x0 2x 2 x0 2x 3 2 x0 3x 2 2 2 2
4
=2
2
2x5x
cos (2x) cos (5x) 2sen 2x+5x 2
sen 2
7) lm = lm =
x0 x2 x0 x2

2sen 7x 2
sen 3x2
sen 7x 2
sen 3x 2
lm = lm x2
=
x0 x2 x0
2
7x 3x 7x
sen 2 sen 2 7 sen 2 3 sen 3x 2 7 21
lm x = lm 7x 3x = (1) (3)(1) =
x0 x 2
x0 2
2 2
2 2

1 + sen x 1 tg x 1 + sen x 1 tg x 1 + sen x + 1 tg x
8) lm = lm =
x0 sen (2x) x0 sen (2x) 1 + sen x + 1 tg x

1 + sen x (1 tg x) sen x + tg x
lm p = lm p =
x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x) x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 6

sen x + sex x
cos x
sen x cos x+sex x
lm p = lm cos x p =
x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x) x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
sen x (cos x+1)
cos x
lm p =
x0 (2sen x cos x)( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
sen x (cos x + 1) cos x + 1
lm p = lm p =
x0 (2sen x cos2 x)( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x) x0 (2 cos2 x)( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
cos 0 + 1 1+1 2 1
p = = =
(2 cos2 0)( 1 + sen 0 + 1 tg 0) 2(1)( 1 + 0 + 1 0) 4 2

1 1 1 1 1 cos x 1 cos x
9) lm = lm sen x = lm = lm =
x0 sen x tg x x0 sen x x0 sen x sen x x0 sen x
cos x

1 cos x 1 + cos x 1 cos2 x sen2 x

lm = lm = lm =
x0 sen x 1 + cos x x0 sen x(1 + cos x) x0 sen x(1 + cos x)
sen x 0
lm = =0
x0 1 + cos x 2

10) lm x tg x
x 2 2
Sea u = 2 x x = 2 u. Si x 2 entonces u 0
sen ( 2 u)
lm x tg x = lm u tg u = lm u =
x 2 2 u0 2 u0 cos ( u)
2
sen 2 cos u sen u cos 2 cos u u
lm u = lm u = lm cos u = (1)(1) = 1
u0 cos 2 cos u + sen 2 sen u u0 sen u u0 sen u

3x arcsen x
11) lm Por infinitesimales sabemos que arcsen x x y arctg x x
x0 3x + arctg x
por lo que:
3x arcsen x 3x x 2x 2 1
lm = lm = lm = =
x0 3x + arctg x x0 3x + x x0 4x 4 2

2 1 + cos x 2 1 + cos x 2 + 1 + cos x
12) lm = lm =
x0 sen2 x x0 sen2 x 2 + 1 + cos x
2 (1 + cos x) 1 cos x
lm = lm =
x0 (sen2 2
x)( 2 + 1 + cos x) x0 (sen x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)
1 cos x 1 + cos x 1 cos2 x
lm = lm =
x0 (sen2 x)( 2 + 1 + cos x) 1 + cos x x0 (1 + cos x)(sen2 x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 7

sen2 x 1
lm = lm =
x0 (1 + cos x)(sen2 x)( 2 + 1 + cos x) x0 (1 + cos x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)

1 1 2
= =
(2)( 2 + 2) 4 2 8

(a+x)+(ax) (a+x)(ax)
cos (a + x) cos (a x) 2sen 2
sen 2
13) lm = lm =
x0 x x0 x
2x
2sen 2a 2
sen 2 2sen (a) sen (x) sen (x)
lm = lm = lm 2sen (a) =
x0 x x0 x x0 x
2sen (a)

1 1
14) lm cosec x cotg x = lm = 0 Resuelto con anterioridad.
x0 x0 sen x tg x

cos x 2 2
cotg x tg x sen x cos xsen x
15) lm = lm sen x cos x = lm sen x cos x
=
x 4 sen x cos x x 4 sen x cos x x 4 sen x cos x

cos2 x sen2 x (cos x sen x)(cos x sen x)

lm = lm =
x 4 (sen x cos x)(sen x cos x) x 4 (sen x cos x)(sen x cos x)

2
(cos x sen x) ( 2
22 )
lm = =0
x 4 sen x cos x 2 2
2 2

cos (2x) + cotg x + sen x

16) lm Indeterminado. Mal copiado?
x0 cos x

cos (2x) sen ( 2 x) cos (2x) cos x cos2 x sen2 x cos x

17) lm = lm = lm =
x0 x x0 x x0 x

cos x(cos x 1) sen2 x cos x(cos x 1) sen2 x cos x + 1

lm = lm =
x0 x x0 x cos x + 1
cos x(cos2 x 1) (cos x + 1)sen2 x cos x(sen2 x) (cos x + 1)sen2 x
lm = lm =
x0 x(cos x + 1) x0 x(cos x + 1)
(sen2 x)(cos x (cos x + 1) (sen2 x) sen x sen x
lm = lm = lm =
x0 x(cos x + 1) x0 x(cos x + 1) x0 x cos x + 1

0
(1) =0
2
cos x cos x
cos x cotg x cos x sen x
cos x sen x
18) lm = lm = lm =
x 2 sen (2x) x 2 sen (2x) x 2 2 sen x cos x
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 8

sen x cos xcos x
sen x sen x cos x cos x sen x cos x cos x
lm = lm 2
= lm =
x 2 2 sen x cos x x 2 2 sen x cos x x 2 2 sen x cos x 2 sen2 x cos x
2

1 1 1 1
lm 2
= =
x 2 2 sen x cos x 2 sen x 0 2

1 + tg x 1 tg x 1 + tg x 1 tg x 1 + tg x + 1 tg x
19) lm = lm =
x0 tg (2x) x0 tg (2x) 1 + tg x + 1 tg x

1 + tg x (1 tg x) 2tg x
lm = lm =
x0 ( 1 + tg x + 1 tg x)tg (2x) x0 ( 1 + tg x + 1 tg x)tg (2x)
2 tg x x
lm =
x0 1 + tg x + 1 tg x tg (2x) x
1 tg x 2x 1 1
lm = (1)(1) =
x0 1 + tg x + 1 tg x x tg (2x) 1+0+ 10 2

sen2 x 3tg 4 x (sen2 x)(1 3(tg 2 x sec2 x))

20) lm = l
m =
x0 sen3 x sen2 x x0 sen2 x(sen x 1)
1 3(tg 2 x sec2 x) 1 3(0 1)
lm = = 1
x0 sen x 1 01
3. Calcular los siguientes lmites exponenciales y logartmicos
1 1
1) lm (1 + 2x) x = lm [(1 + 2x) 2x ]2 = e2
x0 x0

e3x 1 e3x 1
2) lm =3 = 3(1) = 3
x0 x 3x
1 1 1
3) lm (1 2x) x = lm (1 + (2x)) x = lm [(1 + (2x)) 2x ]2 = e2
x0 x0 x0

2 1 1
4) lm (1 + 3x) x = lm [(1 + 3x) x ]2 = lm [(1 + 3x) 3x ]6 = e6
x0 x0 x0

4x x 4
1 1
5) lm 1+ = lm 1+ = e4
x x x x

" 5x + 3
5x+3 2x #
1 1 2x
6) lm 1+ = lm 1+ =
x 2x x 2x

" 5x + 3
2x # lm
1 x 2x 5
lm 1+ = e2
x 2x
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 9

etg x 1 etg x 1
7) lm Sea u = tg x si x 0 entonces u 0 y lm =
x0 tg x x0 tg x
eu 1
lm =1
u0 u

e2x 1 e2x 1 3x 2 e2x 1 3x 2 2
8) lm = lm = lm = (1)(1) =
x0 sen (3x) x0 sen (3x) 2x 3 x0 2x sen (3x) 3 3
2
3

e3x ex
9) lm Por infinitesimales sabemos que arctg x x entonces
x0 arctg x

e3x ex e3x ex e3x 1 (ex 1)

lm = lm = lm =
x0 arctg x x0 x x0 x
e3x 1 ex 1 e3x 1 ex 1
lm =3 = 3(1) 1 = 2
x0 x x 3x x

e5x e2x
10) lm Por infinitesimales arctg (3x) 3x y arctg (2x)
x0 arctg (3x) arctg (2x)
2x
e5x e2x e5x 1 (e2x + 1) e5x 1 e2x 1
lm = lm = lm =
x0 3x 2x x0 x x0 x x
e5x 1 e2x 1
lm 5 2 = 5(1) 2(1) = 3
x0 5x 2x

arcsen x arctg x
11) lm
x0 x3
Sea = arcsen x , = arctg x y t = arcsen x arctg x t =
sen t = sen ( ) = sen cos cos sen

Como = arcsen x sen = x, cos = 1 x2 y
= arctg x tg = x sen = xx2 +1 cos = x12 +1

sen t = x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 t = arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1
Reemplazando:

1 2 x
arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1 x 12 1 x2 x2

x +1 x +1
lm 3
=
x0 x x x2 +1 1 x xx2 +1
1 2

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x 12 1 x2 x2
x +1 x +1
lm =
x0 x 12 1 x2 x2 x3
x +1 x +1
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 10

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x (1 1 x2 )
x2 +1
lm =
x0 x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x3

1 2
arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1 x
x


x2 +1
(1 1 x2 ) 1 + 1 x2
lm =
x0 x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x3 1 + 1 x2

1 2 x
arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1
x (x2 )
x2 +1
lm =
x0 x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x3 (1 + 1 x2 )

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 1
2 1 1
lm 1
x
x +1 = (1) =
x0 x x2 +1 1 x2 x2 +1 (1 + 1 x2 ) 2 2

1 22x 1
2x 2x 2x 2x x 22x 1
12) lm x = l
m 1 = lm 2x2 = lm =1
x+ 2 + 2x x+ 2x + x+ 2 +1 x+ 22x + 1
2x 2x

2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
13) lm x = l
m = l
m = 1 Resuelto con ante-
x 2 + 2x x+ 2x + 2x x+ 2x + 2x
rioridad.

1 1
14) lm (cos x + sen x) x = lm (1 1 + cos x + sen x) x =
x0 x0

h i cos x+sen cos x 1 + sen x

1 x
x1
lm
lm (1 + cos x + sen x 1) cos x+sen x1 = ex0 x =
x0

cos x 1 sen x cos x 1 cos x + 1 sen x cos2 x 1 sen x

lm + l
m + l
m +
ex0 x x = ex0 x cos x + 1 x = ex0 x(cos x + 1) x =

sen2 x sen x sen x sen x sen x

lm + lm +
x0 x(cos x + 1) x = ex0 x cos x + 1 x = e(1)(0)+1 = e
e
2 +x1 2 +x+1 2 2 +1
e2x ex ex (e2x 1 ex )
15) lm
= lm
Sea u = x2 2 x2 = u+2
x 2 x2 2 x 2 x2 2

Si x 2 u 0 Reemplazando queda:

u+2
e (e2u+3 eu+3 ) e u+2 e3 (e2u eu ) e u+2 e3 (e2u 1 (eu 1))
lm = lm = lm =
u0 u u0 u u0 u
2u 2u

u+2 3 e 1 eu 1
u+2+3 e 1 eu 1
lm e e = lm e 2 =
u0 u u u0 2u u

2+3 2+3
e (2(1) (1)) = e
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 11

ln (1 x) + sen (3x) ln (1 x) sen (3x) ln (1 x) sen (3x)

16) lm = lm + = lm +lm 3 =
x0 x x0 x x x0 x x0 3x

ln (1 x)
3 + lm Sea u = ln (1 x) eu = 1 x x = 1 eu
x0 x
u 1
ln (1 x) u u e 1
lm = lm = lm u = lm = 1
x0 x u0 1 eu u0 e 1 u0 u
ln (1 x) + sen (3x)
lm = 3 + (1) = 2
x0 x

bx ax bx 1 (ax 1) bx 1 ax 1
17) lm = lm = lm = ln b ln a =
x0 x x0 x x0 x x
b
ln
a

8x ex 8x ex
18) lm Usando el ejercicio anterior lm = ln 8 ln e = ln 8 1
x0 x x0 x
f (x + h) f (x)
4. Dada la funcion f (x) calcular f (x + h) y calcular el lmite lm
h0 h

f (x + h) f (x) x+h x
1) f (x) = x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h

x+h x x+h+ x x+hx h
lm = lm = lm =
h0 h x + h + x h0 h( x + h + x) h0 h( x + h + x)

1 1 1
lm = =
h0 x+h+ x x+0+ x 2 x

f (x + h) f (x) 3
x+h 3x
2) f (x) = x lm
3
= lm
h0 h h0 h

3
p p
3
x+h x3 3
(x + h)2 + x(x + h) + x2
3

lm p p =
h0 h 3 3
(x + h)2 + 3 x(x + h) + x2
x+hx h
lm p p
3
= lm p p
3
=
h0 h( 3
(x + h) + x(x + h) + x ) h0 h( (x + h) + x(x + h) + x2 )
2 3 2 3 2 3

1 1
lm p p
3
= p p
3
=
h0 ( 3 (x + h)2 + 3 x(x + h) + x2 ) ( 3 (x + 0)2 + 3 x(x + 0) + x2 )
1
3
x2
1 1
1 f (x + h) f (x) x+h
x
3) f (x) = lm = lm
x h0 h h0 h
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 12

x(x+h) h
x(x+h) x(x+h) 1 1 1
lm = lm = lm = = 2
h0 h h0 h h0 x(x + h) x(x + 0) x

f (x + h) f (x) (x + h)2 + 2(x + h) + 6 (x2 + 2x + 6)

4) f (x) = x2 +2x+6 lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
2 2 2 2
x + 2xh + h + 2x + 2h + 6 x 2x 6 h + 2xh + 2h
lm = lm =
h0 h h0 h
h(h + 2x + 2)
lm = lm h + 2x + 2 = 2x + 2
h0 h h0

a(x+h)b axb
ax b f (x + h) f (x) b(x+h)a
bxa
5) f (x) = lm = lm
bx a h0 h h0 h
(bxa)(a(x+h)b)(b(x+h)a)(axb)
(b(x+h)a)(bxa) (bx a)(ax + ah b) (bx + bh a)(ax b)
lm = lm =
h0 h h0 h(bx + bh a)(bx a)

(abx2 + abhx b2 x a2 x a2 h + ab) (abx2 + abhx ax b2 x b2 h + ab)

lm =
h0 h(bx + bh a)(bx a)

(a2 h) (b2 h) a2 (b2 ) a2 + b2

lm = lm = =
h0 h(bx + bh a)(bx a) h0 (bx + bh a)(bx a) (bx a)(bx a)
a2 b2

(bx a)2

1 1
1 f (x + h) f (x) x+h x
6) f (x) = lm = lm
x h0 h h0 h

x x+h
x(x+h) x x+h x+ x+h x (x + h)
= lm = lm p = lm p =
h0 h h0 h x(x + h) x + x + h h0 h x(x + h)( x + x + h)

h 1
lm p = lm p =
h0 h x(x + h)( x + x + h) h0 x(x + h)( x + x + h)
1 1) 1
p = =
x(x + 0)( x + x + 0) x2 ( x + x) 2x x

f (x + h) f (x) x+h+3 x+3
7) f (x) = x + 3 lm = lm
h0 h h0 h

x+h+3 x+3 x+h+3+ x+3 x + h + 3 (x + 3)
lm = lm =
h0 h x + h + 3 + x + 3 h0 h( x + h + 3 + x + 3)

h 1 1
lm = lm =
h0 h( x + h + 3 + x + 3) h0 x + h + 3 + x + 3 2 x+3
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 13
p
f (x + h) f (x) 2(x + h) 2 (x + h) 2x2 x
8) f (x) = 2x2 x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
p p
2(x + h)2 (x + h) 2x2 x 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x
lm p =
h0 h 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x
2(x + h)2 (x + h) (2x2 x) 2(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) x h 2x2 + x
lm p = lm p =
h0 h( 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x) h0 h( 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x)
4xh + 2h2 h h(4x + 2h 1)
lm p = lm p =
h0 h( 2 2
2(x + h) (x + h) + 2x x) h0 h( 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x)
4x + 2h 1 4x + 2(0) 1
lm p =p =
h0 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x 2(x + (0))2 (x + (0)) + 2x2 x
4x 1 4x 1
=
2x2 x + 2x2 x 2 2x2 x

1 1
2x1
1 f (x + h) f (x) 2(x+h)1
9) f (x) = lm = lm
2x 1 h0 h h0 h

2x1 2(x+h)1
p p
2(x+h)1 2x1 2x 1 2(x + h) 1 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1
lm = lm p p =
h0 h h0 h 2(x + h) 1 2x 1 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1
2x 1 (2(x + h) 1)
lm p p =
h0 h 2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1)
2x 1 2x 2h + 1
lm p p =
h0 h 2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1
2h
lm p p =
h0 h 2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1
2
lm p p =
h0 2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1)
2
p p =
2(x + 0) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + 0) 1)
2 2 1
= =
2x 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2x 1) (2x 1)2 2x 1 (2x 1) 2x 1

f (x + h) f (x) sen (x + h) sen x

10) f (x) = sen x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
sen x cos h + sen h cos x sen x sen x( cos h 1) + sen h cos x
lm = lm =
h0 h h0 h
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 14

sen x( cos h 1) sen h cos x sen x( cos h 1) sen h cos x

lm + = lm + lm =
h0 h h h0 h h0 h
cos h 1 sen h
sen x lm + cos x lm = sen x(0) + cos x(1) = cos x
h0 h h0 h

f (x + h) f (x) log (x + h) log x

11) f (x) = log x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
1 1

log ( x+h ) 1 x+h h h 1 h
lm x
= lm log = lm log 1 + = lm log 1 + x =
h0 h h0 h x h0 x h0
h

1 x x 1 x 1
x x
1 h x 1 h 1 h

lm log 1 + x = lm log 1 + x = log lm 1 + x =
h0 h0 h0
h h h
1 1
log e x = log e
x

f (x + h) f (x) ax+h ax
12) f (x) = ax lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
x h x x h h
a a a a (a 1) a 1
lm = lm = ax lm = ax ln a
h0 h h0 h h0 h

f (x + h) f (x) tg (x + h) tg x
13) f (x) = tg x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
tg tg
Como tg( ) = tg tg = (1 + tg tg)(tg( ))
1 + tg tg
tg (x + h) tg x (1 + tg(x + h) tg x)tg(x + h x)
lm = lm =
h0 h h0 h
(1 + tg(x + h) tg x) tg h tg h
lm = lm (1 + tg (x + h)tg x) = (1 + tg 2 x)(1) =
h0 h h0 h
sec2 x

f (x + h) f (x) ln (x + h) ln x
14) f (x) = ln x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
ln (x + h) ln x 1 1
Por ejercicio resuelto con anterioridad lm = ln e = (1) =
h0 h x x
1
x

f (x + h) f (x) ln (2(x + h) 1) ln (2x 1)

15) f (x) = ln (2x1) lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 15
2x+2h1
ln 2x1 1 2x 1 + 2h 1 2h
lm = lm ln = lm ln 1 + =
h0 h h0 h 2x 1 h0 h 2x 1
1 2x 1 2 2
2h h 1 2h 2x 1 lm
lm ln 1 + = lm ln 1 + 2x1 = ln e h0 2x 1 =
h0 2x 1 h0
2h

2 2 2
ln e 2x1 = ln e =
2x 1 2x 1

f (x + h) f (x) sen (3(x + h) + c) sen (3x + c)

16) f (x) = sen (3x+c) lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
sen (3(x + h) + c) sen (3x + c)
lm =
h0 h

2 sen 3(x+h)+c(3x+c)
2
cos 3(x+h)+c+(3x+c)
2
lm =
h0 h

2 sen 3x+3h+c3xc)
2
cos 3x+3h+c+3x+c
2
lm =
h0 h

2 sen 3h 2
cos 6x+3h+2c2
sen 3h 2
cos 6x+3h+2c
2
lm = lm h
=
h0 h h0
2
6x+3h+2c 3h
3sen 3h 2
cos 2
sen 2 6x + 3h + 2c
lm 3h
= lm 3 3h
cos =
h0
2
h0
2
2

6x + 3(0) + 2c 6x + 2c
(3) (1) cos = (3) cos = 3 cos (3x + c)
2 2

f (x + h) f (x) arctg (x + h) arctg x

17) f (x) = arctg x lm = lm
h0 h h0 h
Sea = arctg (x + h) y = arctg x tg = x + h y tg = x
tg tg x+hx
Sea = t tg t = tg ( ) = = =
1 + tg tg 1 + (x + h)x
h

1 + x2 + hx

h h
tg t = t = arctg
1 + x2 + hx 1 + x2 + hx

arctg (x + h) arctg x arctg 1+xh2 +hx
lm = lm =
h0 h h0 h

arctg 1+xh2 +hx 1 1 1
lm h 2
= (1) lm 2
= =
h0
1+x2 +hx
1 + x + hx h0 1 + x + hx 1 + x2 + 0x
1
1 + x2
Ana Mara Albornoz R. 16

1 1
1 f (x + h) f (x)
3
x+h

3x
18) f (x) = lm = lm
3
x h0 h h0 h

3
x 3x+h 3
x 3x+h
lm = l
m =
h0 h 3 x + h 3 x h0 h 3 x2 + hx
3
p p
3
x 3x+h x2 + 3 x(x + h) + 3 (x + h)2
lm 3
p p =
h0 h 3 x2 + hx x2 + 3 x(x + h) + 3 (x + h)2
xxh
lm
3

p
3
p =
h0 (h x2 + hx)( x2 + 3 x(x + h)) + 3 (x + h)2
h
lm
3

3
p p =
h0 (h x2 + hx)( x2 + 3 x(x + h)) + 3 (x + h)2
1 1 1
lm
3

3
p p =
3

3
=
3
2 2
h0 ( x + hx)( x + 3
x(x + h)) + (x + h)
3 2 2 2
( x )(3 x ) 3 x4