PPT-04.RF Planning and Drive Test

Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.
org )
E1-
E1-E2 CM
RF Planning and Drive Test
for BSNL internal circulation only

Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )
A cell can be defined

as the area covered
by one sector
Main Elements of Radio

Network
Mobile station
Base Transceiver Station

RF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The RF design inputs can be divided into

Capacity requirements
Erlang per subscriber during the busy hour
Quality of service for the air interface, in terms GoS
Coverage requirements
Target coverage areas.
Coverage area probability
Penetration Loss of buildings and in-cars

CAPACITY AND COVERAGE
Determine number of cells required for capacity

by using Erlang formula.
Determine number of cells required for coverage
by using propagation model.

ERLANG
One erlang ( Erl) is defined as the amount of

traffic generated by the user when he or she
uses one traffic channel for one hour.

ERLANG TABLES
Commonly used Erlang tables are

Erlang B
Erlang C
Erlang B assumes that if calls cannot go through
then they get dropped (i.e. no queuing possible).
Erlang C considers that if a call does not get
through then it will wait in a queue.

ERLANG TABLES
These tables give information about the traffic

generated by X No. of TRXs for different Grades
of Service.


POSSIBLE CHANNEL COMBINATIONS

Timeslots
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
RT 0 BCCH SDCCH CCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
RT 1 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
RT 2 SDCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
CC TCH
RT 3
SMS SS
TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
CM

FREQUENCY RE-USE
Frequency re-use factor depends on

the average number of the transceivers
the total number of frequencies.

FREQUENCY RE-USE FACTOR
If there are 3 TRX that are used per base station

and the total number of frequencies available is
27.The total number of frequencies available for
re-use is 27/3 = 9

PROPOGATION MODELS
There are few theoretical models and many

empirical models to predict the propagation path
loss.
Propagation models should be applied with
caution .
Network planning tools will combine these
models with terrain data.

PROPOGATION MODELS
For Macro Cell

Okumura-Hata model
For Micro Cell

Walfisch-ikegami model

PROCESS OF RADIO NETWORK

PLANNING
Collection of the input parameters
Pre planning
Site survey
Frequency allocation
Parameter planning
The final radio network plan involves rest of the
parameters like power budget calculations and
considering path loss calculations.

OPTIMISATION
Optimization involves monitoring, verifying and

improving the performance of the radio network.

WHAT IS OPTIMIZATION

OPTIMISATION
Power amplifiers are located near the

transmission antennas.
The boosters are located near the base station.

DIVERSITY
Diversity is the most common way to improve

the reception power of the receiving antenna.
Major diversity techniques are
space diversity
frequency diversity
polarization diversity
(In our field polarisation diversity is being used)

RADIO NETWORK PLANNING

AND OPTIMIZATION
o Study of methods required for optimization:

o Traffic estimation in terms of erlangs
o Configuration of Time slots of TRX
o Calculation of frequency re use factor
o Application of suitable propagation model
o Methods to improve signal received by MS
o Study of RRM ( Radio resource management)
o Study of KPIs( Key performance parameters)

MS BTS BSC MSC

DTAP
RIL3 - CM CM
DTAP M
RIL3 - MM MM
A I
P
S
RIL 3-
RIL3 - RR RR BSSMAP BSSMAP TCAP U
RR BTSM BTSM SCCP SCCP P
SCCP
LAPD m LAPD m LAPD LAPD MTP MTP
Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1
Um A bis A link BCDEFG

GSM Signaling Protocols Overview
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The radio resource management (RRM) is the

functions related to
mobile location updation
communication management issues such as
handover and roaming procedure handling

LINK PROTOCOLS
To execute these management functions,

information flow (traffic and signalling) takes
place via three protocols, known as link
protocols .

LINK PROTOCOLS
LAPDm is present over the MS-BTS connection

LAPD over the BTS-BSC connection.
MTP is used for signalling transport over the
SS7 network.

STUDY OF KPIs
Once a radio network is designed and

operational, its performance is monitored.
The performance is compared against chosen
key performance indicators (KPIs).
After fine-tuning, the results are then applied to
the network to get the desired performance.

STUDY OF KPIs
KPls can be subdivided according to the areas
of functioning, such as
area level
cell level
TRX level.
Area-level KPls can include
SDCCH requests
dropped SDCCH total
dropped SDCCH Abis failures
outgoing MSC control handover (HO) attempts
outgoing BSC control HO attempts
intra-cell HO attempts, etc.

DRIVE TEST PROCESS
Selection of the 'live' region of the network

Selection of the drive testing path.
To have the appropriate kits including
Mobile equipment (usually three mobiles)
Drive testing software (on a laptop)
A GPS (global positioning system) unit.

DRIVE TEST TOOL PHYSICAL SET UP

Tools
Drive Test Equipments for Voice & PS call 1. Scanner
2. Drive Test
Software
Short call Long Call 3.UE
4.PC
5.GPS
USB2 Idle
USB1
USB3
GPS
PS
Com 1
Data Card
scanner

DRIVE TEST PROCESS
Two mobiles are used to generate calls with a

gap of few seconds (usually 15-20 s).
The third mobile is usually used for testing the
coverage.
It makes one continuous call, and if this call
drops it will attempt another call.

DRIVE TEST PROCESS
To collect enough samples at a reasonable

speed and in a reasonable time.
If there are lots of dropped calls, the problem is
analysed to find a solution for it and to propose
changes.

OPTIMISATION SOLUTION
Moving antenna locations

Altering antenna heights
Changing ARFCNs
Antenna orientation adjustment
Rectifying the faults in the steps followed before
finalisation of Radio network planning.

DRIVE TEST TOOL
TEMS offers solutions for

Planning
Development
Optimizing
Troubleshooting
Expanding mobile networks
Optimized networks mean lower operational

costs.
DRIVE TEST TOOL
TEMS products allow efficient monitoring,

diagnosing and benchmarking in order to make
best use of available resources.
They also enable engineers to troubleshoot
problems quickly.

TEMS CELLPLANNER UNIVERSAL

TEMS Cell Planner Universal is Ericssons tool
for mobile radio network planning.
It is a
highly graphical
easy-to-use
PC-based tool for design
Realization
Optimization of mobile radio networks.
It assists the user in a number of complex tasks,

including
network dimensioning
traffic planning
site configuration
frequency planning.

It supports for
WCDMA
GSM 850,GSM 900,GSM 1800,GSM 1900
iDEN
CDMA,CDMA2000 1xRTT
TDMA/AMPS
NMT 450, NMT 900
TACS, and E-TACS.
GPRS and EGPRS (EDGE) in GSM system.


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Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.

for BSNL internal circulation only

A cell can be defined

Main Elements of Radio

for BSNL internal circulation only

The RF design inputs can be divided into

for BSNL internal circulation only

CAPACITY AND COVERAGE

Determine number of cells required for capacity

for BSNL internal circulation only

One erlang ( Erl) is defined as the amount of

for BSNL internal circulation only

Commonly used Erlang tables are

for BSNL internal circulation only

These tables give information about the traffic

for BSNL internal circulation only

for BSNL internal circulation only

POSSIBLE CHANNEL COMBINATIONS

RT 0 BCCH SDCCH CCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

RT 1 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

RT 2 SDCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

for BSNL internal circulation only

Frequency re-use factor depends on

for BSNL internal circulation only

FREQUENCY RE-USE FACTOR

If there are 3 TRX that are used per base station

for BSNL internal circulation only

There are few theoretical models and many

for BSNL internal circulation only

For Macro Cell

For Micro Cell

for BSNL internal circulation only

PROCESS OF RADIO NETWORK

considering path loss calculations.

for BSNL internal circulation only

Optimization involves monitoring, verifying and

for BSNL internal circulation only

for BSNL internal circulation only

Power amplifiers are located near the

for BSNL internal circulation only

Diversity is the most common way to improve

for BSNL internal circulation only

RADIO NETWORK PLANNING

o Study of methods required for optimization:

for BSNL internal circulation only

MS BTS BSC MSC

LAPD m LAPD m LAPD LAPD MTP MTP

Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1

Um A bis A link BCDEFG

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The radio resource management (RRM) is the

for BSNL internal circulation only

To execute these management functions,

for BSNL internal circulation only

LAPDm is present over the MS-BTS connection

for BSNL internal circulation only

Once a radio network is designed and

for BSNL internal circulation only

for BSNL internal circulation only

DRIVE TEST PROCESS

Selection of the 'live' region of the network

for BSNL internal circulation only

DRIVE TEST TOOL PHYSICAL SET UP

for BSNL internal circulation only