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    Philippine Ports Authority Engineering Standards For Port and Harbor Structures PDF

    Uploaded by

    Francis Domingo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PINE PORTS AUTHORITY BBONIFACIO DRIVE; SOUTH ORT AREA, MANILA, PHILIPPINES ‘STANDARDS PREFACE L ‘This design manual Is an updated version of the Philppine Ports Authority 1995 Design Manual fr Fort end Harbour Facies. It hes generaly adopted the Provisions of the Technical Standards for Port and Herbour Facies in Jepan (2002) |. ‘with modifications to suit local conditions and practices. Allrelevant codes and standards referenced in tis manual are consdered as partof © the provisions ofthis manual, Where diferencos occur between provisions ef hie) manual and referenced codes and standards, the most stingent provisions shalt _[] poly. —a| onan oo r u J VOLUME II (A) DESIGN STANDARDS FOR PORT AND "HARBOR STRUCTURES MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PART-1 DESIGN CONDITIONS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL, Page CHAPTER 2 VESSELS 2a 22 DIMENSIONS OF VESSELS. ne EXTERNAL FORCES GENERATED BY VESSELS. ve 1B 221 General = vn 18 222 Berthing Force of Vessel sen 16 223 Moored Vessel. : 19 2.24 Tractive Foree Acting on Mooring Post and Bollard 23 CHAPTER 3 WIND AND WIND PRESSURE at 32 33 34 35 GENERAL. STORM SURGE. WIND. ' GRADIENT WINDS. WIND PRESSURE. CHAPTER 4 WAVES 4a 42 43 GENERAL nnn so 30 4.1.1 Procedure for Determining the Waves Used in Design 30 44.2 Design Wave... 31 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS. . 82 42.4. Definitons and Terminology... 32 422. Fundamental Properties of Waves 33 423 Statistical Properties of Waves. 39 424 Wave Spectrum so 42 METHOD OF DETERMINING DESIGN WAVE... 48 4.3.1. Principles for Determining the Design Deepwater Waves. 48 4.3.2 Procedure for Obtaining the Parameters of Design Waves... 50 4.4 WAVE HINDCASTING = 61 44:1 Wve Hindcasting In Generating Area 51 442. Swell Hindcasting 87 45. STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF WAVE OBSERVATION AND HINDGASTED DATA 58 48 TRANSFORMATIONS OF WAVES 84 48:1 Wave Retraction. a 462 Wave Difraction 70 463 Wave Reflection 89 4.84 Wave Shoaling 2 465 Wave Breaking 7 92 4:7 WAVE RUNUP, OVERTOPPING, AND TRANSMISSION, nen 10, ATA Wave Rur-Up. snes 102 47.2. Wave Overtopping. 109 47:3. Wave Transmission... 118 4.8 WAVE SETUP AND SURF BEAT. 124 48.1 Wave Setup, 124 482 SurfBeat... 123 4.9 WAVES INSIDE HARBORS... 123 49.4 Calmness and Disturbances = 123 4.92. Evaluation of Harbor Caimness. ve 124 CHAPTER § WAVE FORCE 5.1 GENERAL o : 126 52 WAVEFORCE ACTING ON UPRIGHT WALL 27 5.21 General Considerations. 27 5.22. Wave Forces of Standing an Breaking Waves. 128 5.23. Wave Force Under Wave Trough... : 430 5.24 Impulsive Pressure Due to Breaking Waves 131 5.2.5 Wave Force on Upright Wall Covered with Wave-Dissipating Concrete Blocks _ 138 526. Effect of Aignment of Breakwater on Wave Force. 140 5.2.7 Effect of Abrupt Change in Water Depth on Wave Force 142 52.8 Wave Force on Upright Wall near Shoreline or on Shor®....-- 142 529 Wave Force on Upright Wave-Absorbing Caisson... 143 5.3 MASS OF ARMOR STONES AND CONCRETE BLOCKS ...scmrorn 144 5.3.1 Armor Units on Slope. sn 53.1.1 Hudson's Formula 145 53:12. Stabity Number and Nominal Diameter... 145 5.1.3 Design Wave Height... — ar 5.3.14 Parameters Affecting the Stability Number... 446 5.3.4°5 Stability number Ns and Ko value. 147 534.8 Vander Meer’ Formulas for Armor Stones. 148 5.3.1.7 Stabilty Number for Armor Concrete Units of Rubble Mound Breakwater 180 5.3.18 -Stablity Number of Conerete Unis ofthe Wave Dissipating Block Mound in Front of Upright Walls (horizontally-composite breakwater). 160 53.1.9 Breakwater Head... 182 8.3.4.40. Submerged Armor Uni... ne 182 5.3.4.11 Effect of Wave Direction nnn: A852 5.8.1.12 Integrity of Concrete BlOGKS 153 6.1.13 Armor Unis in Reef Area 153 53.114. Armor Units of Low Crest Breakwater no 153 5.3.1.15 Effect of Sieep Slope Bed... 183 5.3.1.18 High-density Blocks. 194 5.3.1.17 Effect of Placement. 154 5.3.1.18 Standard Method of Hydraulic Model Experiments 154 5.32 _Anmor Units on Foundation Mound of Composite Breakwater .. 155 5.4 WAVE FORCES ACTING ON CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS AND LARGE ISOLATED STRUCTURES. 7 180 5.4.1 “Wave Force on Cylindrical Members... esr 180 5.42 Wave Force on Large Isolated Structure. 164 5.5 WAVE FORCE ACTING ON STRUCTURE LOCATED NEAR THE STILL WATER LEVEL. 165 55.1. Uplift Acting on Horizontal Plate near the Still Water Level. 165 CHAPTER 6 TIDES AND ABNORMAL WATER LEVEL, 61 GENERAL 169 62 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY... 169 63 ASTRONOMICAL TIDE 170 64 STORM SURGE, 170 65 TSUNAMI 172 68 SEICHE, 17 CHAPTER 7 CURRENTS AND CURRENT FORCE. 7.4 GENERAL... 177 7.2. GURRENT FORCES ACTING ON SUBMERGED MEMBERS AND ‘STRUCTURES, 178 7.3 MASS OF ARMOR STONES AND CONCRETE BLOCKS AGAINST CURRENTS. fe 181 CHAPTER 8 EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON FLOATING BODY AND ITS. at 32 83 84 MOTION GENERAL. o DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY... EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON FLOATING BODY. MOORING FORCE OF FLOATING BODY CHAPTER § ESTUARINE HYDRAULICS 94 GENERAL... CHAPTER 10 LITTORAL DRIFT 40.4 GENERAL. 10.2 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. 103 10.4 105 108 10.2.1 Littoral Dri. 10.22 Beach Profile (Figure 10.2.1) 10.23 Beach Type. 40.24 Characteristics of Seciment. 10.2.5 Form of Littoral Drift Movement... ‘THRESHOLD DEPTH OF SEDIMENT MOVEMENT. LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT. ‘SCOURING AROUND STRUCTURES. 10.5.1 Beach Scouring in Front of Coastal Revetrtient. 10.52 Local Scouring Around Breakwaters. PREDICTION OF BEACH DEFORMATION, 10.8.1 Empirical Prediction Techniques... 1062 Hyrule Model Experiment (artery, Movable Bed Mal Experiments). : 40.63 Prediction based on Numerical Simulatons.. CHAPTER 11 SUB-SOIL 44 12 113 METHOD OF DETERMINING GEOTECHNICAL CONDITION. 11.1.1 Principies. 11.4.2 Selection of Sol Investigation Methods. 14.1.8 Standard Penetration Tests. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS. 11.2.4 Unit Weight of Sol. 11.2.2 Classification of Soils 11.2.3 Coefficient of Permeabilty of So, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS 11.3.1 Elastic Constants. 182 12 184 190 193 202 202 202 202 203, 204 204 207 200 2M 2tt 212 218 218: 218 27 220 220 221 222 223 223 223 228 225 225 co 14.32 Consolidation Properties : 228 11.33 Shesir Propertis 231 14.4 ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION BY N-VALUE 238 411.5 APPLICATION OF SOUNDING OTHER THAN SPT. 238, 41.6 DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOit. 284 11.6.1 Dynamic Modulus of Deformation 244 11.62 Dynamic Strength Properties 248 CHAPTER 12 LIQUEFACTION 12.1 GENERAL... os 245 422 PREDICTION OF LIQUEFACTION. 245 12.3 COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST LIQUEFACTION 1-252 CHAPTER 13. EARTH PRESSURE AND WATER PRESSURE 48.1 EARTH PRESSURE nnn 256 18.2 EARTH PRESSURE UNDER ORDINARY CONDITIONS «essen 254 18.2.1 Earth Pressure of Sandy Soil under Ordinary Condon... 264 18.22 Earth Pressure of Cohesive Soll under Ordinary Conditions. 256 18.3 EARTH PRESSURE DURING EARTHQUAKE, 4193.1 Earth Pressure of Sandy Soll during Earthquake ws... 18.32 Earth Pressure of Cohesive Soll during Earthquake s..ovs0.0- 259 19.3.3 Apparent Seismic Coefficient. 18.4 WATER PRESSURE, 18.4.4 Residual Water Pressure : 18.42 Dynamic Water Pressure during Earthquake CHAPTER 14 EARTHQUAKE LOADS 44.1. GENERAL. 264 CHAPTER 15 LOADS 18.1 GENERAL. —— . 285 16.2 DEADWEIGHT AND SURCHARGE. 265 15.3 STATIC LOAD, : — 268 18.3.1 Static Load under Ordinary Conditions, 268 18.32 Static Load during Earthquake. : 267 15.3.3 Unevenly Distributed LOad non st 287 184 LIVE LOAD. ' 268 18.4.1 Vehicle Load. 268 16.4.2 Cargo Handling Equipment Load 268 1.4.3 Sidewalk Live Load os ne) CHAPTER 16 COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION 16.1 GENERAL... 270 L CHAPTER 17 LOAD COMBINATIONS r l 7A GENERAL. ee) 17.2 LOAD FACTOR DESIGN. 7 se BT 47.3. SERVICE LOAD DESIGN. . 278 PART-II MATERIALS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL. i CHAPTER 2 STEEL / 21 GENERAL . zs : 22. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. 15 i 23. CORROSION CONTROL ne 215 231 oneal me 232. Coresion Rao of Sic toa. ze 288. Consion Gontol Methods an } 284 CathodioPretecion Method Nae | i 2.35 Coating Method.... cesonrnennnes seseenenensvnee BBQ - | CHAPTER 3 CONCRETE i i 34 GENERAL. 204 ie 344 Concrete Deck Framing sevens 284 i S12. Precact Cone Pls : oe i 62. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS oe) it | cuAPTER 4 TIMBER 5 it L 41 GENERAL nD | 22. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Ss } 25. PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT, m8 CHAPTER 5 OTHERWATERIALS 0 51 COMPOSITES... 28 | S41 Coneic and Ste ao) 286 5.1.2 Concrete and Fiberglass. 5.1.3. Plastic and Fiberglass “ee i 5.14 Plastic and Steel, 52 ALUMINUM:. 53. PLASTICS. 54 DESIGN. PART-II PRECAST CONCRETE STUCTURES CHAPTER 1 BOX CAISSONS 4.1 GENERAL, os 1.2. DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS. 1.3 BUOYANT STABILITY. 1.4 DESIGN EXTERNAL FORCES. 1.44 ‘Temporary Loads: 1.42 Extemal Forces During Fabrication... 1.43 Extemal Forces During Launching and Floating 1.44 Extemal Forces During Towing 1.45 External Forces During Installation. 1.48 External Forces After Construction 1.5 DESIGN OF MEMBERS...... 1.5.1 Sidewalle 4.52. Parttion Walls 153 Bottom Slab. 154 Others 1.8 DESIGN OF HOOKS FOR SUSPENSION BY CRANE. CHAPTER 2 L-SHAPED BLOCKS 2.4. GENERAL 22 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS 23. LOADS ACTING ON MEMBERS. 231 General 232 Earth Pressure Acting on Members. 2.3.3 Converted Loads for Design Calculation 24 DESIGN OF MEMBERS... 24.1 FrontWalls.. 242 Footing 243° Bottom Slab. 244 Butiress: — 248 Design of Hooks for Suspension 286 287 287 287 288. 288, 290 291 291 291 291 293 204 295 302 302 303 308 308 304 305 305 305, 307 307 307 309 210 310 CHAPTER 3 CELLULAR BLOCKS 34 GENERAL. o 32 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS 3.21 Shape of Cellular Blacks 3.22 Determination of Dimensions. . 33 LOADS ACTING ON CELLULAR BLOCKS: 33.1 General. 532 Earth Pressure of Filing and Residual Water Pressure 3.33 Converted Loads for Design Calculation 34. DESIGN OF MEMBERS 34.1. Rectangular Cellular Blocks 342 Other Types of Cellular Blocks. 3,8 DESIGN OF HOOKS FOR SUSPENSION BY CRANE PART-IV FOUNDATIONS. CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CHAPTER 2 BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 24 GENERAL 22. BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION ON SANDY GROUND. 23 BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION ON CLAYEY GROUND 2.4 BEARING CAPACITY OF MULTILAYERED GROUND. 2.5 BEARING CAPACITY FOR ECCENTRIC AND INCLINED LOADS. CHAPTER 3 BEARING CAPACITY OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS 3.1 GENERAL 32 VERTICAL BEARING CAPACITY, 3.3. LATERAL BEARING CAPACITY CHAPTER 4 BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE FOUNDATIONS 4.4. ALLOWABLE AXIAL BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES. 444 General 442. Standard Allowable Axial Beering Capacty . 44.3 Utimate Axial Bearing Capacity of Single Piles 4.4.4 Estimation of Utimate Axial Bearing Capacity by Loading Tests. 44.8 Estimation of Uimate Aa Bearing Capacty by Static Bearing Capacty Formulas a BID nn B12 312 att att att att 314 34 314 318 317 318 ate 310 320 322 323 328 329 331 336 336 336 387 397 338 4.4.6 Examination of Compressive Stross of Pile Materials 343 4.47 Decréase of Bearing Capaclly due to Joints 44.8 Deciease of Bearing Capacity due to Slendemess Ratto 4.1.9 Bearing Capacity of Pile Group. 4.1.10 Examination of Negative Skin Friction 4.1.11. Examination of Settiement of Piles, 4.2 ALLOWABLE PULL OUT CAPACITY OF PILES. 42.4 General 422 Standard Alowable Pull Out Capacity. 423 Maximum Pull Out Capacity of Single Pil. 4.2.4 Examination of Tensile Stress of Ple Material, 42.8 Considerations for Obtaining Allowable Pull Out Capacity of Pits. 365 4.3. ALLOWABLE LATERAL BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES. 356 43.1 General 385 4.3.2 Estimation of Allowable Lateral Bearing Capacity of Piles... 357 4.3.3 Estimation of Plle Behavior using Loading Tests....nen a 987 4.3.4 Estimation of Pile Behavior Using Analytical Methods 358 4.3.8 Consideration of Ple Group Action 4.3.6 Lateral Bearing Capacity of Coupled Pies. 44 PILE DESIGN IN GENERAL 44.1 Load Sharing. 442. Load Distibution... 4.43. Distance Between Centers of Pes. 4.44 Allowable Stresses for Pile Materia... 45. DETAILED DESIGN. 7 4.5.1 Examination of Loads During Construction 4.52. Design of Joints Between Piles and Structure. 4.53. Joints of Piles 4.54 Change of Pate Thickness or Materials of Stee! Pipa Pes, 4.55 Points of Caution in Design. CHAPTER § SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATIONS 5.1 STRESS IN SOIL MASS. 381 52 _ IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT. 381 5.3. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT, 381 54 LATERAL DISPLACEMENT... 385 55 DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENTS., CHAPTER 6 STABILITY OF SLOPES 61 GENERAL 62. STABILITY ANALYSIS. 387 62.1 Sfabilty Analysis Using Circular Sip Surface Method... 387 6.2.2 Stablity Analysis Assuming Slip Surfaces Other than Circular Arc Slip Surface : 391 PART-V NAVIGATION CHANNELS AND BASINS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL. 383 CHAPTER 2 NAVIGATION CHANNELS 24° GENERAL 304 2.2 LAYOUT OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL. 304 23. WIDTH OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL. 994 24 DEPTH OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL. : 305 2.5 LENGTH OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL AT HARBOR ENTRANCE... 395 2.6 CALMNESS OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL. : 396 CHAPTER 3 NAVIGATION CHANNELS OUTSIDE BREAKWATER 31 GENERAL 367 32. WIDTH OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL. ses 887 3.3 DEPTH OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL 397 | CHAPTER 4 BASINS 44 GENERAL. — seen so 988 42. LOCATION AND AREA OF BASIN... a vn 388 421 Location. 398 4.22 Area of Basin Used for Anchorage or Mooring vn 398 4.23 Area of Basin Used for Ship Maneuvering 400 43 DEPTHOF BASIN 401 44 CALMNESS OF BASIN. so 402 4.5 TIMBER SORTING POND — 403 CHAPTER 5 SMALL CRAFT BASINS. 404 PART-VI_” PROTECTIVE FACILITIES FOR HARBOR CHAPTER 1 GENERAL. ve vs 405 “GHAPTER 2 BREAKWATERS 24 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. o os 408 l 22. LAYOUT OF BREAKWATERS.. 407 . 23. DETERMINATION OF DESIGN CONDITIONS. ren AOT f 24 SELECTION OF STRUCTURAL TYPE, 407 25 DETERMINATION OF CROSS SECTION... 408, 25.1 Uptight Breakwater cnncronon . 408 u 252 Compost Breakwater — 409 Fi 253. Sloping Breakwater 410 2.54 Caisson Type Breakwater Covered with Wave-Dissipating Concrete Blocks, ee, 2.6 EXTERNAL FORCES FOR STABILITY CALCULATION, 413 ' 28.1 General 413 r 262 Wave For028 non 413 lL 2.63 Hydrostatic Pressure, 413 264 Buoyancy. 413 [ 2.6.5. Deadweight and Weight of Armour Stones and Bock 413 ‘ 2.6.6 Stabiity during Earthquakes. 47 i 27 STABILITY CALCULATION nnn 47 J 2.74 Stabilty Calculation of Upright Section... 417 2.72. Stability Calculation of Sioping Section 418 27.3 Stabilty Calculation of Whole Section 419 2.7.4 Stabilty Calculation for Head and Comer of Breakwater... 419 q 28 DETAILS OF STRUCTURES. 419 J 2.8.1 Upright Breakwater. 419 282 Composite Breakwater... 20 { 283. Soping Breakwater... 422 2.84 Caisson Type Breakwater Covered with Wave-Dissipating fl Conorete Blocks : 423 J 29 DETAILED DESIGN OF UPRIGHT SECTION. 423 2.40 BREAKWATERS FOR TIMBER HANDLING FACILITIES 423 2.40.1 Breakwater for Timber Storage Ponds and Tinber Sorting Ponds 423 2.10.2 Fences for Preventing Timbers from Escape 428 CHAPTER 3 FACILITIES TO PREVENT SHOALING AND SILTATION 425 3.1 GENERAL. 25 32 JETTY, 32.1 Layout of Jety... 425 322 Details of Jety 428 33 GROUP OF GROINS. 429 34 TRAINING JETTIES. : so sean AD \ 3.441 Layoitof Training Jeties. 429 | i 342 Welter Depth a Tip of Training Jetty. 420 ih 34.3. Structure of Training Jetty M380 p 35. FACILITIES TO TRAP LITTORAL TRANSPORT AND SEDIMENT | FLOWING OUT OF RIVERS. At ij 36 COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST WIND-BLOWN SAND, 1 482 i 381 Genera sen ABQ 32 Selecion of Countermeasures vv nvvsvvserevnnnnrnmneeA@f CHAPTER 4 REVETMENTS 441 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN 4 42. DESIGN CONDITIONS. 434 Ni 43. STRUCTURAL STABILITY 434 hy 44 DETERMINATION OF CROSS SECTION ce 85 it 45 DETAILS ssssninsnnnn 450 i Nt |) PaRT—vi_MooRINe Facitimes CHAPTER 1 MOORING FACILTIES { 4 GENERAL. 490 (eee ore li 2.4 LENGTH AND WATER DEPTH OF BERTHS. arf F 2.2 CROWN HEIGHTS OF MOORING FACILITIES. A442 J ; 23. SHIP CLEARANCE FOR MOORING FACILITIES 42 i 24. DESIGN WATER DEPTH. oon a3 25 PROTECTION AGAINST SCOURING asd 28 ANCILLARY FACILITIES : ao | CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURAL TYPES OF MOORING FACILITIES. 3.4 GENERAL. ner) CHAPTER 4 GRAVITY TYPE QUAYWALLS 4.4 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. 48: 4.2. EXTERNAL FORCES AND LOADS ACTING ON WALLS. 448: 4.3. STABILITY CALCULATIONS ee) 43.1 tems to be Considered in Stability Calulations.. sone 450 4a 45 46 432 Check for Stability Against Sliding of the Well a) 433. Chack for Bearing Capacity of Foundation... A541 434 Chat for Stabilty Against Overturing of the Wall 462 43.5. Check for Soft Foundation... : STABILITY CALCULATIONS OF CELLULAR CONCRETE BLOCKS....452 EFFECTS OF BACKFILL. o : A DETAILED DESIGN. : ASF CHAPTER § SHEET PILE QUAYWALLS, 5A 52 83 84 85 56 87 58 59 GENERAL. 458, EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON SHEET PILE WALL. 459 5.21 Extemal Forces to Be Considered 459 DESIGN OF SHEET PILE WALL. ABQ 53.1 Setting Level of Tie Rod. 482 5.32 Embedment Length of Sheet Plies. ABZ 5.33. Bending Moment of Sheet Piles and Reaction at Tie Rod Setting Point. 484 5.34 Gross Seston of Sheet Pies. 485 5.35 Consideration ofthe Effect of Section Rigity of Sheet Pies 465 DESIGN OF TIE RODS. 474 54.1 Tension of Tie Rod on vn TA 542 Cross Section of Tie Rod 478 DESIGN OF WALE: A753 CHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST CIRCULAR SUP. 478 DESIGN OF ANCHORAGE WORK ns 476 5.7.4. Selection of Structural Type of Anchorage Work... 478 5.72 Location of Anchorage Work... : 416 5.7.3 Design of Anchorage Work 478 DETAILED DESIGN. ve BQ 58.1 Coping 482 5.82 Fiting of Tle Rods and Wale to Sheet Piles 482 583 Tie Rod sn 82 5.8.4 Fiting of Tie Rods to Anchorage Work. 453, NOTES FOR DESIGN OF SHEET PILE WALL ON SOFT GROUND....483 CHAPTER 6 SHEET PILE QUAYWALLS WITH RELIEVING PLATFORMS 64 62 63 ‘SCOPE OF APPLICATION... se 485 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN. 488 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF RELIEVING PLATFORM. 488 6.44 EARTH PRESSURE AND RESIDUAL WATER PRESSURE ACTING ON . SHEET PILES sn ABT 6.5 ' DESIGN OF SHEET PILE WALL B88 8.5.1 Embedmont Length of Sheet Piles... 488 852 Cross Section of Shoot Pes 408 8.6 DESIGN OF RELIEVING PLATFORM AND RELIEVING PLATFORM. PILES.. : 40 f 6.6.1 External Forces Acting on Relieving Platfom 40! 6.62. Design of Relieving Platform 490 8.63. Design of Pies 491 67 CHECK FOR STABILITY AS GRAVITY TYPE WALL. AQ 8.8 CHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST CIRCULAR SLIP.. 492 CHAPTER 7 STEEL SHEET PILE CELLULAR-BULKHEAD QUAYWALLS ; 1.4 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. oA 7.2 EXTERNAL, FORCES ACTING ON STEEL SHEET PILE CELLULAR- i BULKHEAD QUAYWALL.. 495 | i 7.8 CHECKING OF WALL WIDTH AGAINST SHEAR DEFORMATION ..498 > i 7.3.1 General . 48 7.32 Equivalent Width of Wall 498 ie 7.33 Calculation of Deformation Moment. 500 \ 7.34 Caloulation of Resisting Moment. 500 74 CHECK FOR STABILITY OF WALL BODY AS AWHOLE vcnnnnr508 5 TAA General : cone | ' 7.42 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction 508 7.43. Calculation of Subgrade Reaction and Wall Dislacement......807 7.5 CHECK FOR BEARING CAPACITY OF THE GROUND ia 7.6 CHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING OF WALL 514 1.7 GHECK FOR DISPLACEMENT OF TOP OF WALL 515 7.8 GHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST CIRCULAR SUP, 516 7.9 LAYOUT OF CELLS AND ARCS.... a7 7.40 CALCULATION OF HOOP TENSION oun 817 741 DETAILED DESIGN . SB Z.44.1 Design of Pie to Support Coping. sia | TALZ Design of COPING cnn 518 CHAPTER 8 STEEL PLATE CELLULAR-BULKHEAD QUAYWALLS 4 8.1 SCOPE OF APPLICATION. 519 8.2. PLACEMENT-TYPE STEEL PLATE GELLULAR-BULKHEAD ‘QUAYWALLS. 518 82.1. Principle of Design 58 82.2 Extemal Forces Acting on Stee! Plate Cellula- Bulkhead .....620 8.2.3 Check for Wall Width against Shear Deformation eat [ 824 Check for Stability of Wall Body as a Whole 522 82.5 Check for Bearing Capacty ofthe Ground... 524 8.2.8 Check or Stabilly Against Circular Sip... 525 [ 82.7 Determination of Thickness of Stel Plate of Coll Shel. 525 82.8. Layoutof Cells and Arcs sn 6B f 82.9. Detaled Design 528 8.3. EMBEDMENT-TYPE STEEL PLATE CELLULAR-BULKHEAD 4 ‘QUAYWALLS 7 : 528 u 83.1. Principle of Design 526 832 External Forces Acting on Embedment-Type Stool Pate Coluiar Bulkhead... . 8.3.3 Check for Wall Width Against Shear Deformation ve 828 7 8.3.4 Check for Stability of Wall Body as a Whole 528 83.5 Check for Bearing Capacity of the Ground. 528 4 83.6 Check for Stabilty Against Siding of Wall 529 8.3.7 Check for Displacement of Top of Wall... 529 . 8.38 Check for Stabilly Against Circular Slip... 529 f 839 Layout of Calls and AES... ses 528 u 8.3.10 Determination of Plato Thickness of Cell Shell and ‘Ate Section. 529 8.3.11 Joints and Stifeners, enn 580 8.3.12 Detalled Design. 530 CHAPTER 9 OPEN-TYPE WHARVES ON VERTICAL PILES 8.1 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN., 531 92° LAYOUT AND DIMENSIONS... 504 9.21 Size of Deck Block and Layout of Piles 594 U 9.2.2 Dimensions of SuperstrUctUR® nun 54 923 Arrangement of Fenders and Bollards... 534 93 EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON OPEN-TYPE WHARF. 535, - 93.4 Design Extemal Forces... 595, r 932 Calculation of Fender Reaction Fores... 837 L 94 ASSUMPTIONS CONCERNING SEA BOTTOM GROUND. 538 94.1. Determination of Slope incination... 538 942 Virtual Ground Surface. 539 9.5 DESIGN OF PILES 540 95.1 General... 540 9.52 Coefficient of Horizontal Subgrade Reaction. on SAT 8.5.3 Virtual Fixed Point, 7 Bat 9.54 Member Forces Acting on Individual Pies 98.5 Cross-Sectional Stresses of Piles if 9.5.6 Check Embedment Length for Bearing Capacity. 9.5.7 Chack Embedment Length for Lateral Resistance. 8.5.8 Checking of Pie Joints 9.5.9 Change of Plate Thickness or Material of Steal Pipe Pie 96 DESIGN OF EARTH-RETAINING SECTION... 9.7 CHECK STABILITY AGAINST CIRCULAR SLIP 9.8 DETAILED DESIGN. 9.8.1 Loed Combinations for Superstructure Design 982 Design of Pile Head. FED CHAPTER 10 OPEN-TYPE WHARVES ON COUPLED BATTER PILES 10.1. PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. 102 LAYOUT AND DIMENSIONS. 102.1 Size of Deck Block and Layout of Piles. 1022 Dimensions of Superstructure. 102.3 Arrangement of Fenders and Bollards... 40.3 EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON OPEN-TYPE WHARF ON COUPLED BATTER PILES... 103.1 Design External Forces. 10.3.2 Calculation of Fender Reaction Force. : t 410.4 ASSUMPTIONS CONCERNING SEA BOTTOM GROUND....nnn853 10.4.1 Determination of Slope Inctination..... 553 | 10.4.2 Virtual Ground Surface... 553 10.5 DETERMINATION OF FORCES ACTING ON PILES AND CROSS r ‘SECTIONS OF PILES. 553 10.5.1 Horizontal Force Tranemitied to Heads of Coupled Batter Piles 553. 40.5.2 Vertical Load Transmitted to Heads of Coupled Batter Pies, 10.5.3 Pushing-in and Puling-Out Forces of Coupled Batter Piles. 10.54 Cross-Sectional Stresses of| 10.6 EXAMINATION OF STRENGTH OF WHARF IN THE DIRECTION OF ITS FACE LINE 858 40.7 EMBEDDED LENGTH OF BATTER PILE. 558 10.8. DESIGN OF EARTH-RETAINING SECTION. 558 10.9 CHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST CIRCULAR SLIP. 558 40.10DETAILED DESIGN... 8 CHAPTER 11 ROLL-ON/ ROLL-OFF (RO-RO) RAMP 41.4. DIMENSIONS OF RO-RO RAMP 559 11.2 CROWN HEIGHT... 559 aoc PO GliaPTER 12 DOLPHINS "12.1. PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN, 122 LAYOUT. 12.3 EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON DOLPHINS 124 PILE TYPE DOLPHINS, os 12.5 STEEL CELLULAR-BULKHEAD TYPE DOLPHINS, 12.6 CAISSON TYPE DOLPHINS. CHAPTER 13 MOORING BUOYS 48.4 GENERAL, CHAPTER 14 ANCILLARY FACILITIES 144 GENERAL 14.2 MOORING EQUIPMENT. 14.3, MOORING POSTS, BOLLARDS AND MOORING RINGS 143.4 General... . 14.3.2 Arrangement of Mooring Posts, Bollards and Mooring Rings, 143.3 Tractive Force of Vessel 144 FENDER SYSTEM. 14.4.4 General 14.422 Arrangement of Fender... 144.3 Effective Berthing Energy of Vessel 14.5 SAFETY FACILITIES ee 14.5.1 Skint Guard 14.52 Fence and Rope. 14.53 Signs or Notices 14.54 Curbing : 14.5.5 Fire Fighting Equipment and Alarm Systems 146 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES os 14.8.1 Telephone System — 14.6.2 Electronics Security System... 14.6.3 Structure Cabling System... 14.6.4 Fire Detection and Alarms System 14.8.5 Public Address System 14.66 CATVMATV System. 14.67 Master Clock System 559 559 561 561 563, 563 565 688 1588 568 569 569 569 570 570 570 S71 srt ert srt srt srt 572 572 572 572 574 576 7B 583 584 147 LIGHTING FACILITIES Ca 47.1 General 58 147.2 Stara rons of anaon : se [ 147.8 Selection of gt Source 8 14.74 Salecton of Licking Equipment. ef 147 Design of iting Sete. 98 148 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS eer 14311 Invodeton sr | 507 507 148.2 Purpose.. 14.8.3 Types of Navigational Aid... CHAPTER 18 APRONS 418.1. PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. 598 182. TYPE OF APRON 598 162.1 Width 508 162.2 Gradient of Apron. 508 15.2.3 Type of pavernent. 599 48.3 LOAD CONDITIONS. 599 18.4. DESIGN OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT... -600 48.4.1 Dasign Conditions enn 600 48.4.2 Pavement Composition 600 184.3 Joints 602 1844 Tie Bar and Slip Bar 605 1845 End Protection. 605 "45.5. DESIGN OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT ... 60s 16.5.1 Design Conditions 605° | 155.2 Pavement Composition sn 1606 185. End Protection un. 609 48.6 DESIGN OF CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENT. eo [) 15.6.1 Design Conditions... eo | 18.6.2 Pavement Composition oo 156.3 Joint eit o2 | 15.7 DESIGN OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENT. 18.7.1 Dimension : er | 187.2 Thickness.. — sooneBt2 | 18.7.3. Chamfer or Radius. 812 18.7.4 Laying Patter. | 187.8 Compressive Strength... 613 CHAPTER 16 FOUNDATION FOR CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT | 16.1. PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN. o eommBt4 16.2. EXTERNAL FORCES ON FOUNDATION. 163 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION PILE 16.3.1 Concrete Beam 16.3.2 Bearing Capacity of Pile 164 DESIGN OF OTHER TYPE FOUNDATION. 164.1 Examination of Effects on Quaywall/ Whar 16.4.2 Concrete Beam 16.4.3 Ballast PART- Vill OTHER PORT FACILITIES CHAPTER 1 FACILITIES FOR PORT TRAFFIC 4.1 ROADS 144 General = 11.2 Roadways and Lanes. 1.1.3 Pavement. 1.1.4 Roadway Ancillary Provisions 1.2 PARKING LOTS veer CHAPTER 2 CARGO SORTING FACILITIES 24 GENERAL.. 22 CARGO SORTING AREAS. 23 QUAY SHEDS. : 24 CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT 28 TIMBER SORTING AREAS 2.6 MARINE PRODUCTS SORTING FAGILITIES..... 2.7 DANGEROUS CARGO SORTING FACILITIES. CHAPTER 3. STORAGE FACILITIES 34° GENERAL 32 WAREHOUSE. 33 OPEN STORAGE YARD. 34 TIMBER POND OR YARD. 3.5 YARDS FOR DANGEROUS CARGOES AND OIL STORAGE FACILITIES. CHAPTER 4 FACILITIES FOR SHIP SERVICES 41° GENERAL... 816 618 816 ats 618 615 616 616 817 817 ei7 619 623 624 628 628. 628 28 628 629 42. WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES 629 CHAPTER § FACILITIES FOR PASSENGERS L 5.1. FACILITIES FOR PASSENGER BOARDING... BAA General nn 5.42 Structural Types 5.4.3. Ancillary Facies. 52 PASSENGER BUILDING. 521 Goneral 5.22 Design of Passenger Buildings. 523. Ancilary Facilites... PARTI DESIGN CONDITIONS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL H CHAPTER 1 GENERAL 1. In dosigning port and harbor facies, the design conditions shall be from the [ items listed below by taking into consideration the environmental servicing ‘and construction condition, characteristics of materials and social requirements forthe facies. (1) Ship dimensions { (2) Extemal forces produced by ships (3) Winds and wind pressure (4) Waves and wave forces. (6) Tidallevels (6) Currents and current forces (7) Estuarine hydraulics and littoral dit (8) Soll conditions (8) Earthquakes and seismic force (10) Earth pressure - (11) Water pressure (12) Dead weight (13) Surcharge r (14) Buoyancy (15) Other required design conditions 5 2. The design conditions should be determined carefuly, since they have great Influence on the safety, functions, and construction cost ofthe facies. They are generally determined according to the results of surveys and tests. Thus, ‘upon full understanding of the methods and results of such investigations and i tests, the design conditions shall be precisely determined. 3. In the design of port and harbor factities, the following matters should be taken into consideration. (@) Functions of the facilities Since faciiies do not always have only one function, care should be exercised so that all functions ofthe facilities will be exploited fully. (©) Importance of the facies ‘The degree of importance of the facilities should be considered in order to design the facities by taking appropriate account of safety and broad ‘economic implications. In determining the degree of importance of the {acilties, the folowing criteria should be taken into consideration, © © Repiaceabilty of the facities Construction cost ofthe facilities © Impact on life and property should the faclities were damaged. © Impact on other faciities should the facilties were damaged. (© Impact on society and its economy i the facilites were damaged, ) Lifetime Lifetime of the facilities should be taken into account in determining the structure and materials ofthe facilities and the necessity and extent of the improvement ofthe existing facies, Lifetime ofthe facilites should be determined by examining the following: © Function ofthe faciities © Economical view point of the facilities @ Physical property ofthe facilities When the lifetime is determined from the first two, the stricture and ‘materials suitable for that period should be chosen, but when the lifetime |s not determined from the first two tems, it will be determined by its physical ifetime, Particular, in design of a structure using steel and timber which tend to decrease the serviceability of the facilites due to corrosion, the lifetime: should be specified to ensure the safety ofthe facilities. (4) Environmental conditions © 0 @ Not only wave, seismic, topographic and soll conditions which have direct lnfluences on design of the quality, bottom material, animal and plant if ‘and atmospherie conditions should be taken Into consideration Load Materials Safety factor ‘The safety factor serves as an index representing the safe design of a structure. Presently, it is a very significant factor to make up for uncertainty in a design. In a stvict sense, the qualitative comparison of safety by the magnitude of the safety factor is meaningful only when the ) 0 o structures 10 be compared are of the same conditions. In the case of structures under different conditions, comparison of the structural safely is diffeult. Such an empirical factor called a “safety facior” Is required since the elements concerned the estimation of the resistance t© a load ‘acting on the structure and the relations between such elements are rot yet fully and quantitatively clare, Other conditions being the same, the greater the variation ofthe value of the respective elements, the less the accuracy of the investigation or test, the less the accuracy of the design formula, the longer the lifetime of the structure, and the greater the value attached to the safety factors should be, ‘Strictly speaking, a safety factor should therefore be chosen according to ‘he conditions. But determining 2 unique safety factor for each case may lead to false judgment on dotermination and itis not efficient. Thus, in ‘his Standard, the values are shown which are considered to ‘be ‘ompircally safe under standard conditions, Under special conditions, such values may be reduced, but in such @ case, the value should be determined through careful examination and based upon reasonable ‘rOunds. The safety factor shall never be reduced carelessly. Construction method |i order to make a reasonable design, the construction methods has to be taken into consideration, Further, the design should be made so that the work can be executed with consideration to the effects on the surrounding environment. Work accuracy ‘Th design should be made so that it complies withthe reasonable work accuracy, ‘Construction period Where the construction period is specified, consideration should be made in the design as well as in method of construction, so that the work ean bbe completed within the specified period, The construction period is generally determined by the availability of the ‘materials, work equipment the degree of diffcuty ofthe work and natural conditions, 0 DIMENSIONS OF VESSELS ‘The principal dimensions of the target vessel shall be set using the following methods: 1. Ifthe target vessel can be identified, the principal dimensions of the vessel | shall be used. . 2. I the target vessel cannot be identied, appropriate principal dimensions otermine by statistical methods shall be used, (1) When the target vessel cannat be indented in advance, the principal

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