School Specialty Publishing-Just The Facts World Atlas (2006)

JUST THE FACTS
WORLD ATLAS
A fact-by-fact look at our world, from a physical, geological,
astronomical, and political perspective.
Factfiles on every country in the world.

Political and physical maps.
Full-color photographs and illustrations.
The most up-to-date information available, presented in

a unique easy-reference system of lists, fact boxes,
tables, and charts.
Find the fact you need in seconds with

JUST THE FACTS!
School Specialty Publishing
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INFORMATION AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
WORLD
ATLAS
CONTENTS
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK ....................................................................................4 Land use Climate: South America
Physical MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA ...................................................26
PLANET EARTH ..................................................................................................................6
South America FACTFILES
Planet Earth FACTFILE Moon FACTFILE Planet Earth from space
--
Inside planet Earth Earth time Hot and cold planet
Summer and winter The solar system Time zones AFRICA ....................................................................................................................................28
People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE
EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES .............................................................8
Highest mountains Longest rivers Largest islands Fast facts
Earthquake FACTFILE The cracked planet
Oil consumption Political MAP OF AFRICA Mount Kilimanjaro
Ever-changing planet Story of an earthquake
Frequency of earthquakes worldwide Inside a volcano
Physical MAP OF AFRICA .................................................................30
Earthquake and volcano disasters Volcano FACTFILE
Worlds largest volcano Habitats and protecting Africas wildlife Climate: Africa .................32
MOUNTAINS, LAKES, RIVERS, AND OCEANS .....................10 Land use The African baobab tree Africa FACTFILES
Making a mountain Worlds 10 highest mountain peaks --
The Andes Worlds 10 longest rivers The worlds oceans EUROPE ..................................................................................................................................36
Ocean depths and coastlines Ocean currents People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE
What is a lake? Worlds 10 largest lakes Highest mountains (by country) Longest rivers Largest islands
PHYSICAL WORLD ....................................................................................................12 Fast facts Oil consumption Political MAP OF EUROPE
Physical world FACTFILE Physical MAP OF THE WORLD
Making maps The continents Worlds largest countries Physical MAP OF EUROPE ................................................................38
--
Habitats Climate: Europe The European Union ...........................40
POLITICAL WORLD ...................................................................................................14
European Union members EU flag and the Euro
World population Highest population by country Land use Europe FACTFILES
Age structure of world population Worlds largest cities by population --
Transport facts Life expectancy Wealth by continent
Political MAP OF THE WORLD Independent states and dependencies ASIA............................................................................................................................................44
-- People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE
Highest mountains (by country) Largest lakes Largest islands
NORTH AMERICA AND CENTRAL AMERICA ..............................16
Siberia Oil consumption Political MAP OF ASIA
This edition published in the United States in 2006 by School Specialty Publishing, a member of the School Specialty Family. People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE Highest mountains
Longest rivers Largest islands Oil consumption Fast facts Physical MAP OF ASIA .....................................................................46
Copyright ticktock Entertainment Ltd 2005 First published in Great Britain in 2005 by ticktock Media Ltd. Printed in China.
Political MAP OF NORTH AMERICA
Political MAP OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Habitats The Asian rainforest Climate: Asia ................................48
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a central retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by Land use Fast facts Asia FACTFILES
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, withouth the prior written permission of the publisher. Physical MAP OF NORTH AMERICA ...................................................18 --
Written by Dee Phillips. Special thanks to: Alan Grimwade, Cosmographics, Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd, and Elizabeth Wiggans. OCEANIA ...............................................................................................................................52
Physical MAP OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN................20
Climate: North and Central America People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE
Library of Congress-in-Publication Data is on file with the publisher. Habitats: North and Central America Highest mountains (by country) Largest islands Habitats
Land use: North and Central America San Andreas fault Fast facts Political MAP OF OCEANIA Uluru
North America FACTFILES Land use Climate: Oceania
Send all inquiries to:
School Specialty Publishing Central America FACTFILES ...........................................................................................22 Physical MAP OF OCEANIA...............................................................54
8720 Orion Place -- Oceania FACTFILES
--
Columbus, OH 43240-2111 SOUTH AMERICA ........................................................................................................24
THE ARCTIC/ANTARCTICA ..............................................................................56
People FACTFILE Geography FACTFILE
ISBN 0-7696-4260-8 Highest mountains (by country) Longest rivers Largest lakes
Habitats Amazon Rainforest facts Fast facts GLOSSARY ..........................................................................................................................58
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TTM 11 10 09 08 07 06
Political MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA INDEX .......................................................................................................................................60
2 3
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
NORTH AMERICA AND CENTRAL AMERICA
CENTRAL AMERICA
GUADELOUPE MEXICO ST. LUCIA
EARTHQUAKE
FACTFILE EARTHQUAKES STORY OF AN
EARTHQUAKE
FREQUENCY OF EARTHQUAKES WORLDWIDE
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measurement of the earthquakes
V O L C A N O
FACTFILE
Total area (sq. miles): 687
Total population: 448,713
Capital city: Basse-Terre
Total area (sq. miles): 761,606
Total population: 106,202,903
Capital city: Mexico (Distrito Federal)
Capital city: Castries
FACTFILES
strength and size. The measuring system used here is the Richter Scale.
AND VOLCANOES
PLATE MOVEMENTS Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Mexican peso (MXN) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Seismologists: Two tectonic plates slowly move, ACTIVE OR EXTINCT? Languages: French Languages: Spanish, Mayan, Nahuatl Languages: English, French patois
The intensity of an earthquake is a measurement of the shaking caused Farming (top 5 products): Corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coconuts, vegetables,
Scientists who study and measure squeezing and stretching the rocks Active volcanoes are those that Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, sugar cane, fruit, vegetables,
earthquakes are called underground. Enormous pressure by the earthquake. livestock Natural resources (top 5): Oil, silver, copper, gold, lead citrus fruits, root vegetables
erupt regularly or have the capacity
Natural resources (top 5): Forests, beaches (for tourism), pumice,
builds up. Each country-by-country factfile contains: total area of the country in square miles; total population; name
R
seismologists. esearchers believe that the Earths crust is cracked into huge pieces Natural resources: Limited, but beaches and climate good for tourism
Magnitude Description Intensity Average number to erupt. They are sometimes called mineral springs, potential for geothermal power
of the capital city; the main currency used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of Status: French overseas territory
Measuring earthquakes: that fit together like a giant puzzle. The cracked sections, called FOCUS OF THE EARTHQUAKE each year dormant if they have not erupted for MONTSERRAT
Seismologists use measuring Miles underground, rocks break and 2 to 2.9 Very minor Recorded by seismographs, 1,300,000 a very long period. Extinct number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of importance to the countrys Total area (sq. miles): 39 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
instruments called seismographs to tectonic plates, are supported by the oozing, soft rocks of the mantle give way, releasing the pressure. volcanoes are dead volcanoes. economy); natural resources (of commercial importance; some countries do not have natural resources, such GUATEMALA Total population: 9,341 Total area (sq. miles): 150
but not felt by people Capital city: Temporary government buildings Total population: 117,534
record the pattern of an The point where this happens is as oil or minerals, but their coastline and climate attract tourists which are vital to the countrys economy); and An inviting Virgin Islands beach. Total area (sq. miles): 42,043
beneath the Earths crust. The unstable borders between the plates are known 3 to 3.9 Minor Felt by some people 130,000 They will not erupt again. at Brades Estate, Carrs Bay and Little Bay due to 1997 volcano Capital city: Kingstown
earthquakes seismic waves and to called the focus or hypocenter. Total population: 14,655,189
a countrys status if it is not independent. For many countries, the beauty Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
determine out the strength and as rings of fire. These areas are danger zones for both volcanoes and 4 to 4.9 Light Felt by many people 13,000 MAGMA/LAVA Capital city: Guatemala
Epicenter of the environment is their most Languages: English Languages: English; French patois
duration of the earthquake.
earthquakes. A volcano is an opening in the Earths crust which allows red- 5 to 5.9 Moderate Slight damage 1,319 Magma is the red-hot, melted rock Currency: Quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD)
See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES. important natural resource. Languages: Spanish; Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam Farming (top 5 products): Cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes,
The Richter scale:
6 to 6.9 Strong Damaging 134 inside a volcano. As soon as tomatoes, onions spices, livestock
hot magma (molten rock) from the mantle to escape onto the surface of the Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans
The best known method of 7 to 7.9 Major Destructive 17 magma leaves a volcano and Natural resources (top 5): Oil, nickel, timber, fish, chicle Natural resources: Very limited Natural resources: Hydroelectric power
recording the magnitude of Earth. An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by movements of 8 and higher Great Devastating 1 bursts out into the air or sea, it is Status: United Kingdom overseas territory
ANGUILLA BELIZE CUBA
J
earthquakes is the Richter Scale. known as lava. Lava can erupt at Total area (sq. miles): 39 Total area (sq. miles): 8,867 Total area (sq. miles): 42,803
rocks beneath the Earths surface. HAITI TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
UST THE FACTS, WORLD ATLAS combines detailed world maps with a quick and easy-to-use
American seismologist, Charles F. Seismic waves temperatures of up to 2192F. Total population: 13,254 Total population: 279,457 Total population: 11,346,670
Total area (sq. miles): 10,714 NICARAGUA Total area (sq. miles): 1,980
Richter, developed this numbering
See page 6 INSIDE PLANET EARTH for information on the Earths crust and mantle. INSIDE A VOLCANO Capital city: The Valley Capital city: Belmopan Capital city: Havana
Total population: 8,121,622 Total area (sq. miles): 49,998 Total population: 1,088,644
system in 1935. PLINIAN ERUPTIONS Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: Belizean dollar (BZD) Currency: Cuban peso (CUP)
Capital city: Port-au-Prince Total population: 5,465,100 Capital city: Port-of-Spain
Languages: English Languages: English, Spanish, Mayan Languages: Spanish
A volcano is a self-made mountain. Its hollow centre provides a pathway During a plinian eruption, gas-rich Capital city: Managua Currency: Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
See page 9 THE CRACKED PLANET Focus between the Earths upper mantle and the surface. magma explodes inside a volcano.
Farming: Tobacco, vegetables, cattle Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coca, citrus fruits, sugar cane, fish Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, tobacco, citrus fruits, coffee, rice Currency: Gourde (HTG)
Currency: Gold cordoba (NIO) Languages: English, Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Natural resources: Salt, fish, lobsters Natural resources: Timber, fish, hydroelectric power Natural resources (top 5): Cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper Languages: French; Creole
FREQUENCY OF EARTHQUAKES This map shows the edges of the tectonic plates that make up the Earths surface. The plates are constantly SEISMIC WAVES Languages: Spanish Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, sugar cane, rice, citrus fruits, coffee
This causes cinder, ash, and gases Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, mangos, sugar cane, rice, corn
WORLDWIDE to see how earthquake Ash cloud Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, bananas, sugar cane, cotton, rice Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, asphalt
magnitudes are measured using the
moving by just a few inches each year. Vibrations, or seismic waves, are Crater to be fired up into the air BERMUDA DOMINICA Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate,
sent out from the focus causing the Total area (sq. miles): 20.5 Total area (sq. miles): 291 gold, marble Natural resources (top 5): Gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead
Richter scale. Lava flow sometimes as high as 19 miles! ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
ground at the surface to shake. The Total population: 63,365 Total population: 69,029
way to research geography facts and find information on the worlds people, cities, countries,
point on the surface directly above
Main vent Total population: 68,722 Capital city: Hamilton Capital city: Roseau Total area (sq. miles): 166
Earthquake depths: EURASIAN
the focus is called the epicenter. Side vent Capital city: Saint Johns (on Antigua) Currency: Bermudian dollar (BCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) HONDURAS PANAMA Total population: 20,556
PLATE Languages: English, Portuguese Languages: English, French patois Total area (sq. miles): 30,193 Capital city: Grand Turk
The focus, the starting point, of most NORTH AMERICAN Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Total area (sq. miles): 43,278
earthquakes is less than 50 miles JUAN DE FUCA
PLATE ANATOLIAN FAULTS Steep
WORLDS LARGEST Languages: English, local dialects Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, vegetables, citrus fruits, Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, citrus fruits, mangos, Total population: 6,975,204 Total population: 3,039,150 Currency: US dollar (USD)
below the Earths surface. PLATE PLATE
Sometimes, the Earths crust is put
Magma VOLCANO Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cut flowers, dairy products root vegetables, coconuts Capital city: Tegucigalpa Capital city: Panama Languages: English
mountain sides Natural resources: Limestone, climate good for tourism Natural resources: Timber, hydroelectric power Currency: Balboa (PAB), US dollar (USD) Farming: Corn, beans, cassava, citrus fruits
ARABIAN PHILIPPINE
under such pressure that it cracks. chamber cucumbers Currency: Lempira (HNL)
Largest recorded earthquake: CARIBBEAN PLATE INDIA PLATE created from Natural resources: Limited, but climate good for tourism Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Languages: Spanish, English Natural resources: Fish, spiny lobsters, conch (tropical marine mollusks)
COCOS AFRICAN PLATE The places where the surface cracks Mauna Loa, Hawaii, is the Languages: Spanish, Amerindian dialects
On May 22, 1960, an earthquake PLATE
PLATE PLATE PACIFIC a build-up of DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, cattle, timber Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugar cane Status: United Kingdom overseas territory
PLATE open are called faults. The lines the largest volcano on Earth. BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS Total area (sq. miles): 18,815
of 9.5 magnitude on the Richter PACIFIC PLATE lava from Earths crust ARUBA Natural resources (top 5): Timber, gold, silver, copper, lead Natural resources: Copper, mahogany forests, shrimps, hydroelectric
rivers, lakes, and mountains. Each of the worlds continents has its own section. In addition, there
cracks create are called fault lines. Total area (sq. miles): 59 Total population: 8,950,034
Scale struck the coast of Chile, earlier Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984. Total area (sq. miles): 74.5
Total population: 22,643 Capital city: Santo Domingo
power
South America. Seismographs Total population: 71,566 VIRGIN ISLANDS
NAZCA PLATE eruptions. Mauna Loas summit is 29,527 Capital city: Road Town Currency: Dominican peso (DOP)
recorded seismic waves traveling SOUTH Capital city: Oranjestad
JAMAICA PUERTO RICO Total area (sq. miles): 136
AMERICAN AUSTRALIAN Currency: Aruban guilder/florin (AWG) Currency: US dollar (USD) Languages: Spanish Total area (sq. miles): 3,515 Total population: 108,708
around the whole world for many PLATE feet from the ocean floor. Languages: English Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco Total area (sq. miles): 4,244
PLATE Languages: Dutch, Papiamento, English Total population: 3,916,632 Capital city: Charlotte Amalie
days afterward. ANTARCTIC Magma rises from the mantle into Crust However, scientists estimate that Farming: Fruit, vegetables, livestock, poultry Natural resources: Nickel, bauxite, gold, silver Total population: 2,731,832
Farming: Aloe plants, livestock Capital city: San Juan Currency: US dollar (USD)
PLATE Natural resources: Fish, islands good for tourism Capital city: Kingston
chambers inside the Earths crust its great mass is actually squashing Natural resources: Fish, white sandy beaches that are good Currency: US dollar (USD) Languages: English, Spanish or Spanish Creole, French or French Creole
Normal for tourism Status: United Kingdom overseas territory EL SALVADOR Currency: Jamaican dollar (JMD)
the ocean floor down by another Total area (sq. miles): 8,124 Languages: English, English patois Languages: Spanish, English Farming: Fruit, vegetables, sorghum, cattle
fault Status: Self-governing Netherlands territory Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coffee, pineapples, Natural resources: Limited, but climate and beaches good for tourism
EVER-CHANGING PLANET 26,246 feet, giving the volcano a CAYMAN ISLANDS Total population: 6,704,932 Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, bananas, coffee,
are pages containing facts about the solar system, time zones, landforms, earthquakes, volcanoes, and EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANO DISASTERS Total area (sq. miles): 101 Capital city: San Salvador citrus fruits, yams plantains, bananas Status: United States unincorporated territory
total height of just under 56,000 BAHAMAS (THE) Natural resources: Copper and nickel (limited amounts), potential
CONTINENTAL RIFT The Earths tectonic plate movements set off earthquakes and volcanoes, VOLCANOES
feet from seafloor base to summit. Total area (sq. miles): 5382
Total population: 44,270 Currency: US dollar (USD) Natural resources: Bauxite, gypsum, limestone
MOST DEADLY EARTHQUAKE a giant tsunami caused by the Capital city: George Town Languages: Spanish, Nahua for onshore and offshore oil
The point where two continental plates as well as create mountain ranges and deep-sea trenches. Where the plates collide, magma can escape to Total population: 301,790 Status: United States of America Commonwealth
are moving apart. the surface, creating a range of volcanic mountains. The worlds most deadly, recorded eruption. Over 36,000 people Capital city: Nassau
Currency: Caymanian dollar (KYD) Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, sugar cane, corn, rice, oilseed
Languages: English Natural resources: Hydroelectric power, geothermal power, oil MARTINIQUE
earthquake happened in 1556. The were killed. Currency: Bahamian dollar (BSD) Farming: Vegetables, fruit, livestock, turtle farming Total area (sq. miles): 425
earthquake struck in central China. Languages: English, Creole Natural resources: Fish, climate and beaches good for tourism GRENADA Total population: 432,900 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
MID-OCEAN RIDGE Farming: Citrus fruits, vegetables, poultry
NEW VOLCANIC Around 830,000 people were killed EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN Natural resources: Salt, aragonite, timber
Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Total area (sq. miles): 133 Capital city: Fort-de-France Total area (sq. miles): 101
ISLAND Reverse Total population: 89,502 Total population: 38,958
when their homes, which were Japan is situated where four of Currency: Euro (EUR)
the oceans. For fast access to just the facts, follow the tips on these pages. fault COSTA RICA Capital city: Saint Georges Languages: French, Creole patois Capital city: Basseterre
OCEAN TRENCH carved in soft rock, collapsed. the Earths plates meet. In 1923, Total area (sq. miles): 19,730 Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
BARBADOS Total population: 4,016,173
Farming (top 5 products): Pineapples, avocados, bananas,
Languages: English, French patois Languages: English
KRAKATOA
143,000 people were killed in the Total area (sq. miles): 166
Capital city: San Jose cut flowers, vegetables
OCEAN PLATE OCEAN PLATE Total population: 279,254 Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, Natural resources: Limited, but coastline and beaches Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, rice, yams, vegetables,
CONTINENTAL PLATE
On August 27, 1883, the volcanic area around Tokyo, Japans capital, Capital city: Bridgetown
Currency: Costa Rican colon (CRC) mace, citrus fruits bananas
Languages: Spanish, English good for tourism
when a magnitude-8.3 earthquake Currency: Barbadian dollar (BCD) Natural resources: Timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors good for Natural resources: Arable land Opened in 1914, the 50-mile-long, man-made
SPREADING RIDGE HOT SPOT VOLCANO island of Krakatoa, in Indonesia, Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, pineapples, bananas, shipping
Status: French overseas territory
Languages: English Panama Canal allows ships to sail from the
Lava flows out through a rift Hot spots are areas of great erupted in a massive explosion struck. On January 17, 1995, a A satellite image of Mauna Farming: Sugar cane, vegetables, cotton
sugar cane, corn
SUBDUCTION ZONE in the ocean floor creating activity in the mantle where Natural resources: Hydroelectric power Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Before the
new crust and a range of magma forces its way through which could be heard across 8% of magnitude-7.2 earthquake killed Loa. The volcanos base Natural resources: Oil, fish, natural gas
Where plates collide, the edge of one is often pushed underneath the other. canal was built, ships had to sail all the way
This is called subduction. It may take place between continental plates,
undersea mountains. a tectonic plate. the Earths surface. Thousands of 5,500 people and destroyed spreads over 50% of the
ocean plates or one of each (as shown above). Horizontal fault people were swept out to sea by 100,000 homes in Kobe, Japan. island of Hawaii. around South America by Cape Horn.
8 9 22 23
Pages packed with supplementary facts FACTFILES The section for each continent includes a file of
BOX HEADINGS CONTINENT-BY-CONTINENT FACTS and geography information. information on every country.
Look for heading words linked Each continents section opens with two pages
POLITICAL MAPS
to your research to guide you that show key facts and statistics about the
Each continent has a map that shows the
to the right fact box. people and geography of that continent.
54
M
O
G
H
K
A
B
P
C
F
E
L
I
TWO QUICK WAYS territories of all the countries.
1
N
2
W E
TO FIND A FACT:
3
S
AFRICA
4
P E O P L E
AFRICA POLITICAL MAP OF AFRICA
PHYSICAL MAP OF OCEANIA

5
5
FACTFILE
1 Use the detailed CONTENTS list on page 3
6
0 500 1000 1500 kilometers
A
frica is the second largest continent in
to find your topic of Madeira
7
Total population: 0 500 1000 miles
887,000,000 the world. The worlds biggest desert, MEDITERRANEANE SE
A
8
MOROCCO
8
TUNISIA
interest. Highest population: the Sahara, dominates the landscape of
Canary Is.
9
Nigeria 128,771,988
the north, while in the south forests and vast A L G E R I A
Lowest population: L I B Y A
10
10
Djibouti 476,703 grasslands are home to wild animals, such as
WESTERN
SAHARA EGYPT
RED
11
11
Most populous city: leopards, lions, and elephants. The Great Rift
Cape
Cairo, Egypt
12
SEA
Valley, one of the Earths major geological MAURITANIA
12
Verde Is.
MALI
M
O
A
11,146,000 residents
H
P
B
C
L
E
I
Life expectancy:
features, runs from the Red Sea down to NIGER
Male: 51 years Mozambique. This huge crack in the Earths SENEGAL
CHAD ERITREA
Female: 53 years surface, caused by a series of faults, is made up of
GAMBIA
S U D A N
GUINEA BURKINO FASO
Highest infant mortality rate:
Angola: 191 deaths per 1,000
mountains, volcanoes, deep valleys, and lakes.
An African leopard in the
Samburu Game Reserve, Kenya.
BISSAU
SIERRA
GUINEA
COTE
GHANA
BENIN
NIGERIA
DJIBOUTI
PHYSICAL MAPS
CENTRAL
births the highest in the world LEONE DIVOIRE
AFRICAN E T H I O P I A SOMALIA Each continent has a detailed physical
LIBERIA CAMEROON REPUBLIC
See the GLOSSARY
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS FAST FACTS
TOGO
map that shows:
for definitions of LIFE NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) ATLANTIC
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC
UGANDA K E N Y A INDIAN
EXPECTANCY and INFANT
Almost 90% of the rainforest in SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
GABON OF OCEAN Borders
Mt. Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,341 West Africa has been destroyed. REPUBLIC
Turn to the relevant MORTALITY RATE. OCEAN CONGO RWANDA
Capital cities
Mt. Kirinyaga (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,060 OF CONGO BURUNDI SEYCHELLES
90% of the rainforest on the
page and use the BOX HEADINGS to find the Average annual income
per person (in USD):
Mount Stanley (Margherita Peak) Dem. Rep. Congo/Uganda 16,765 African island of Madagascar EUROPE TANZANIA Major cities
Ras Dashen Ethiopia 15,157 has been destroyed. Around
information box you need. Highest:
Lowest:
Mauritius $12,800
Sierra Leone $600
80% of the animal species Tropic of Cancer
COMOROS
Highest mountains
found on Madagascar live only ANGOLA MALAWI
LONGEST RIVERS AFRICA ZAMBIA
Mayotte
Rivers and lakes
on this island and nowhere else
2 Turn to the INDEX that starts on page

60 and search for key words relating to
G E O G R A P H Y
FACTFILE
NAME
Nile
Congo
RIVER MOUTH
Mediterranean
Atlantic Ocean
LENGTH (miles)
4,144
2,900
on Earth (other than zoo
populations).
The Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE Mauritius
MADAGASCAR Runion
Land heights above and below sea level
Oceans, seas, and major bodies of water
See page 24 BOTSWANA
Niger Atlantic Ocean 2,597
your research. Total land area: Zambezi Indian Ocean 2,200
AMAZON RAINFOREST FACTS
SWAZILAND
The index will direct you to the correct page 11,697,000 square miles
LARGEST ISLANDS Namibia was the first country in SOUTH LESOTHO
and where on the page to find the fact

Largest country:
Sudan: 967,499 square miles the world to include protecting MOUNT KILIMANJARO AFRICA HOW TO FIND A PLACE USING
NAME AREA (sq miles) the environment in its
you need.
Smallest country:
Mayotte: 144 square miles Madagascar Indian Ocean 226,657 constitution. Around 14% of THE PHYSICAL MAPS
Runion Indian Ocean 972 Namibia is now protected
Largest lake:
Lake Victoria, East Africa
including the entire Namib Look up the place you want to find in the MAP INDEX
Desert coast.
26,641 square miles
See page 11 WORLDS 10 LARGEST LAKES
on page 6064. There you will see a page number
Largest desert: Ancient rock paintings show
Sahara Desert, North Africa
that 8,000 years ago the and a letter/number code. Look for the letter and
3.5 million square miles OIL CONSUMPTION
Largest desert in the world
Sahara Desert was a lush, green number on the grid at the edge of the relevant page.
The amount of oil produced, TOP 5 CONSUMERS OF OIL place that was home to many
Highest waterfall:
Tugela Falls, South Africa bought and sold, and used in the (USAGE PER DAY) wild animals. Draw a line with your fingers from those two points.
Total drop: 3,110 feet world is measured in barrels.
A barrel is equivalent to Egypt 562,000 barrels
It is believed that the first place
Africas Mount Kilimanjaro is an extinct volcano. It is the highest Due to rainforest
You will find the place you are looking for where the
in the world to cultivate coffee
See page 33
42 gallons. South Africa 460,000 barrels
was Ethiopia. It was grown in
mountain in the world that it is possible to scale without special destruction, many two tracks meet.
Nigeria 275,000 barrels climbing skills or equipment. Around 22,000 people climb Kilimanjaro Madagascan animals,
AFRICA FACTFILES the Kefa region of Ethiopia such as this ring-tailed
Nigeria is Africas largest producer of Libya 216,000 barrels every year, making it the worlds most climbed mountain.
around 1000 years ago. lemur, are endangered.
oil2,356,000 barrels per day Algeria 209,000 barrels
GLOSSARY
28 29 A GLOSSARY of words and terms used in this book
begins on page 58.
The glossary provides additional information
LINKS JUST THE FACTS to supplement the facts on the main pages.
See page 33 Each topic box presents the facts you need
Look for the purple links throughout the book. Each link gives
AFRICA FACTFILES in lists; short, quick-to-read bullet points;
other pages where related or additional facts can be found. charts, and tables
4 5
PLANET EARTH
FACTFILE PLANET EARTH As Earth spins, it also tilts,
so its position in relation to
SUMMER AND WINTER
Day for the half of the
Earth facing the Sun.
Earths orbit 365 days (a
pprox)
Winter
O
Age of the Earth: ur planet, called Earth, is a ball of rock
the Sun gradually changes
4.5 billion years old traveling about 67,000 miles an hour through Summer
throughout the year.
Diameter at the Equator: space. Earth is moving around a star, called the
7,926 miles across
Sun. The pulling power, or gravity, of the Sun keeps the When the northern hemisphere Summer
Diameter at the Poles: is tilted toward the Sun, countries
Earth on an elliptical (oval-shaped) course. The time it
7,900 miles across
takes the Earth to make one complete orbit of the Sun is The Earth is one of nine in the north have summer.
Winter
Circumference at the Equator: planets that make up the Countries in the southern
23,627 miles around called a year. Solar System. hemisphere have winter.
Weight (mass) of the Earth: The Earth travels 585,000,000 miles
6.6 sextillion tons PLANET EARTH FROM SPACE EARTH TIME in a year to complete one orbit. Night for the half of the Earth
facing away from the Sun.
Average surface temperature: When viewed from space the The brown areas are landmasses. A year
59F Earth looks blue, brown 29.3% of the Earths The exact time it takes for the
and white. surface is dry land: an
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Rotational speed at Earth to make one complete orbit
the Equator: area of 57,688,000 of the Sun is 365 days, 6 hours, Sun
995 mph The vast areas of square miles.
9 minutes and 10 seconds.
The Earth is a ball spinning on an blue are oceans. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
axis, so places at the Equator spin 70.7% of the The white areas A leap year
much faster than at the North and Earths surface is are clouds hanging
Because it is more convenient Planet Average distance from Sun Time taken to orbit the Sun Period of rotation Diameter at Planets
South Poles.
covered in water: an in the atmosphere (in millions of miles) (in Earth days) (in Earth days) Equator
(the layer of gases to use a calendar of 365 whole Mercury 36 88 58.63 3033 miles
area of 138,984,000
square miles. surrounding the Earth). days, every four years we have Venus 67 224.7 243 7521 miles
M O O N to add up the extra 6 hours, 9 Earth 93 365.2 1 7926 miles
minutes and 10 seconds to make Mars 142 687 1.02 4222 miles
FACTFILE INSIDE PLANET EARTH Jupiter 484 4331 0.41 88,846 miles
an extra day. These 366-day years
A moon is a ball of rock that The crust Outer core are called leap years. Saturn 891 10,747 0.44 74,897 miles
orbits a planet. Moons are Thickness varies from 3 miles Made of molten iron, Uranus 1785 30,589 0.72 31,763 miles
sometimes called satellites. (beneath the oceans) to 1243 cobalt, and nickel A day Neptune 2793 59,800 0.67 30,775 miles
The Earth has one moon. miles (where there are and around 1,400 Pluto 3647 90,588 6.39 1485 miles
As the Earth orbits the Sun it also
landmasses and mountains). miles thick.
rotates, or spins around. One
The mantle Inner core
Made of magnesium and Made of solid
complete rotation takes 23 hours, TIME ZONES
silicon and around 1,800 iron and around 56 minutes and 4 seconds.
miles thick. About 62 miles 800 miles thick. We round this period up to 24 As the Earth spins, some parts
down, the mantle becomes The temperature at
hours and call it a day. of the world are in sunlight while
molten (melted). the core is 10,800F.
others are in darkness. That is why
it is a different time in various
Length of Moons orbit: 12:00 pm
places in the world.
The Moon orbits the Earth once HOT AND COLD PLANET 04:00 am 07:00 am
Greenwich,
3:00 pm 9:00 pm
every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 Seattle, USA New York, USA Moscow, Russia Tokyo, Japan
London, UK
minutes. It takes the same length of Because the Earth is curved like a Arctic Circle Therefore, the world has been +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
time to rotate once on its own axis. ball, the Suns rays are weaker Suns rays weake divided up into 24 time zones.
st
Orbiting speed: and more spread out at the Arctic Because the Earth rotates through NORTH MOSCOW
2300 mph and Antarctic, making these Tropic of Cancer 360 degrees every 24 hours, each AMERICA
GREENWICH
EUROPE ASIA
Distance from the Earth: regions cold. time zone covers 15 degrees of SEATTLE
NEW YORK
The distance varies from The Equator Suns rays strongest
longitude on a map of the world.
At the Equator, the Suns rays TOKYO
221,456238,857 miles. AFRICA
are the most concentrated, so
Circumference of the Moon:
The zero point of longitude is at
this region is very hot. Tropic of Capricorn
6,790 miles around the middle Greenwich in London. It is known SOUTH
AMERICA
Earth is dividied into different
as the Greenwich meridian. As you OCEANIA
st
sections by human beings sothat it Suns rays weake move east or west from Greenwich
is easier to study. through each new time zone, you
Antarctic Circle
add or subtract an hour of time.
6 7
EARTHQUAKE
FACTFILE EARTHQUAKES STORY OF AN
EARTHQUAKE
FREQUENCY OF EARTHQUAKES WORLDWIDE
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measurement of the earthquakes
strength and size. The measuring system used here is the Richter Scale.
V O L C A N O
FACTFILE
AND VOLCANOES
PLATE MOVEMENTS
Seismologists: Two tectonic plates slowly move, ACTIVE OR EXTINCT?
The intensity of an earthquake is a measurement of the shaking caused
Scientists who study and measure squeezing and stretching the rocks Active volcanoes are those that
earthquakes are called underground. Enormous pressure by the earthquake.
erupt regularly or have the capacity
R
seismologists. esearchers believe that the Earths crust is cracked into huge builds up.
Magnitude Description Intensity Average number to erupt. They are sometimes called
Measuring earthquakes: pieces that fit together like a giant puzzle. The cracked sections, FOCUS OF THE EARTHQUAKE each year dormant if they have not erupted for
Seismologists use measuring
called tectonic plates, are supported by the oozing, soft rocks of the
Miles underground, rocks break and 2 to 2.9 Very minor Recorded by seismographs, 1,300,000 a very long period. Extinct
instruments called seismographs to give way, releasing the pressure. but not felt by people volcanoes are dead volcanoes.
record the pattern of an mantle beneath the Earths crust. The unstable borders between the plates are The point where this happens is They will not erupt again.
earthquakes seismic waves and to
3 to 3.9 Minor Felt by some people 130,000
called the focus or hypocenter.
determine out the strength and known as rings of fire. These areas are danger zones for both volcanoes and 4 to 4.9 Light Felt by many people 13,000 MAGMA/LAVA
duration of the earthquake. Epicenter 5 to 5.9 Moderate Slight damage 1,319 Magma is the red-hot, melted rock
earthquakes. A volcano is an opening in the Earths crust which allows red-
The Richter scale:
6 to 6.9 Strong Damaging 134 inside a volcano. As soon as
hot magma (molten rock) from the mantle to escape onto the surface of the 7 to 7.9 Major Destructive 17 magma leaves a volcano and
The best known method of
recording the magnitude of Earth. An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by movements of 8 and higher Great Devastating 1 bursts out into the air or sea, it is
earthquakes is the Richter Scale. known as lava. Lava can erupt at
rocks beneath the Earths surface.
American seismologist, Charles F. Seismic waves temperatures of up to 2192F.
Richter, developed this numbering
See page 6 INSIDE PLANET EARTH for information on the Earths crust and mantle. INSIDE A VOLCANO
system in 1935. PLINIAN ERUPTIONS
A volcano is a self-made mountain. Its hollow centre provides a pathway During a plinian eruption, gas-rich
See page 9 THE CRACKED PLANET Focus between the Earths upper mantle and the surface. magma explodes inside a volcano.
FREQUENCY OF EARTHQUAKES This map shows the edges of the tectonic plates that make up the Earths surface. The plates are constantly SEISMIC WAVES This causes cinder, ash, and gases
WORLDWIDE to see how earthquake Ash cloud
magnitudes are measured using the
moving by just a few inches each year. Vibrations, or seismic waves, are Crater to be fired up into the air
sent out from the focus causing the
Richter scale. Lava flow sometimes as high as 19 miles!
ground at the surface to shake. The
point on the surface directly above
Main vent
Earthquake depths: EURASIAN
PLATE the focus is called the epicenter. Side vent
The focus, the starting point, of most NORTH AMERICAN
earthquakes is less than 50 miles JUAN DE FUCA
PLATE ANATOLIAN FAULTS Steep
WORLDS LARGEST
below the Earths surface. PLATE PLATE
Sometimes, the Earths crust is put
Magma VOLCANO
mountain sides
ARABIAN PHILIPPINE
under such pressure that it cracks. chamber
Largest recorded earthquake: CARIBBEAN PLATE INDIA PLATE created from
On May 22, 1960, an earthquake
COCOS PLATE AFRICAN PLATE
PLATE PACIFIC The places where the surface cracks a build-up of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, is the
PLATE
of 9.5 magnitude on the Richter PLATE open are called faults. The lines the
lava from rths cru
st largest volcano on Earth.
PACIFIC PLATE
cracks create are called fault lines. Ea
Scale struck the coast of Chile, earlier Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984.
South America. Seismographs NAZCA PLATE eruptions.
recorded seismic waves traveling SOUTH Mauna Loas summit is 29,527
AMERICAN AUSTRALIAN
around the whole world for many
PLATE PLATE feet from the ocean floor.
days afterward. ANTARCTIC Magma rises from the mantle into Crust However, scientists estimate that
PLATE
chambers inside the Earths crust its great mass is actually squashing
Normal the ocean floor down by another
fault 26,246 feet, giving the volcano a
EVER-CHANGING PLANET EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANO DISASTERS total height of just under 56,000
CONTINENTAL RIFT The Earths tectonic plate movements set off earthquakes and volcanoes, VOLCANOES
feet from seafloor base to summit.
MOST DEADLY EARTHQUAKE a giant tsunami caused by the
The point where two continental plates as well as create mountain ranges and deep-sea trenches. Where the plates collide, magma can escape to
are moving apart. the surface, creating a range of volcanic mountains. The worlds most deadly, recorded eruption. Over 36,000 people
earthquake happened in 1556. The were killed.
earthquake struck in central China.
MID-OCEAN RIDGE
NEW VOLCANIC Around 830,000 people were killed EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN
ISLAND Reverse when their homes, which were Japan is situated where four of
OCEAN TRENCH fault carved in soft rock, collapsed. the Earths plates meet. In 1923,
KRAKATOA
143,000 people were killed in the
OCEAN PLATE OCEAN PLATE
CONTINENTAL PLATE
On August 27, 1883, the volcanic area around Tokyo, Japans capital,
SPREADING RIDGE HOT SPOT VOLCANO island of Krakatoa, in Indonesia, when a magnitude-8.3 earthquake
Lava flows out through a rift Hot spots are areas of great erupted in a massive explosion struck. On January 17, 1995, a A satellite image of Mauna
SUBDUCTION ZONE in the ocean floor creating activity in the mantle where
new crust and a range of magma forces its way through which could be heard across 8% of magnitude-7.2 earthquake killed Loa. The volcanos base
Where plates collide, the edge of one is often pushed underneath the other.
This is called subduction. It may take place between continental plates,
undersea mountains. a tectonic plate. the Earths surface. Thousands of 5,500 people and destroyed spreads over 50% of the
ocean plates or one of each (as shown above). Horizontal fault people were swept out to sea by 100,000 homes in Kobe, Japan. island of Hawaii.
8 9
MAKING A
MOUNTAIN MOUNTAINS, LAKES, There are five oceans in the world
and many smaller seas within
THE WORLDS OCEANS
Arctic Ocean:
5,400,000 sq. miles
RIVERS, AND OCEANS

Mountains are formed when the
Earths tectonic plates move. the oceans.
As layers of rocks push against The Pacific ocean is the worlds

Atlantic Ocean:
F
each other, they buckle and rom the Himalayas, the worlds tallest mountains, to the deepest largest ocean its total area is 29,600,000
fold at the edges. Mountains ocean trench six and half miles below the surface of the Pacific greater than the amount of dry Pacific Ocean: sq. miles Pacific Ocean
are pushed up at upfolds, and land on Earth. 60,000,000 Indian Ocean:
ocean, the Earths surface is slowly changing. Mountains grow inch- sq. miles 26,400,000
valleys are formed in downfolds. The Southern Ocean
by-inch and year-by-year, rivers carve new channels as they rush to the sea, sq. miles
circumnavigates the continent of
and oceans push and pull at the edges of the land. Antarctica. It officially became an Southern Ocean:
ocean in 2000, and was formed 7,800,000
from the southern sections of the sq. miles
WORLDS 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAKS
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. ((numbers are rounded as appropriate.)
Fold mountain Some mountain peaks stand alone high above the surrounding landscape, but most mountains are joined
together to form a range. When several ranges of mountains are grouped together, they are called a chain.
When the Earths crust cracks
on a fault, layers of rock on one
OCEAN DEPTHS AND COASTLINES WHAT IS A LAKE?
The worlds ten highest mountain peaks are all in the same range of mountains in Asiathe Himalayas.
side of the crack can be pushed The deepest points in each of the worlds oceans are listed below. A lake is a large body of water surrounded by land. Most lakes are full
up to form a mountain. Mountain name Country Height (feet) They are measured from sea level (the surface of the ocean). of fresh water. Lakes form in basins in the Earths surface. Rainwater or
1. Everest China/Nepal 29,035 melted snow and ice collect in the basin. Water also feeds in from rivers
Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench Pacific Ocean -35,840 feet and streams.
2. K2 China/Pakistan 28,251
Milwaukee Deep, Puerto Rico Trench Atlantic Ocean -28,232 feet
3. Kanchenjunga India/Nepal 28,169 Lakes without a river flowing outward lose water through evaporation. The
Java Trench Indian Ocean -23,812 feet water becomes salty as minerals in the lake become more concentrated.
4. Lhotse China/Nepal 27,939
5. Makalu China/Nepal 27,824 Southern end of South Sandwich Trench Southern Ocean -23,737 feet The worlds largest lake, the Caspian Sea, is a salt water lake.
6. Cho Oyu China/Nepal 26,906 Fram Basin Arctic Ocean -15,305 feet Lake Baykal in Russia is the worlds deepest lake. Its deepest point is
Fault mountain
7. Dhaulagiri Nepal 26,811 See page 8 5,315 feet deep.
When molten magma bursts EVER-CHANGING PLANET
8. Manaslu Nepal 26,758
through the Earths crust, it for information on how ocean
hardens and cools, sometimes 9. Nanga Parbat Pakistan 26,660 trenches are formed. WORLDS 10 LARGEST LAKES
Mount Everestthe highest mountain
forming a mountain. 10. Annapurna Nepal 26,502 in the world.
Total length of coastline on Lake name Area (sq. miles)
each ocean:
THE ANDES WORLDS 10 LONGEST RIVERS 1. Caspian Sea Asia 143,244
Pacific Ocean 84,297 miles
2. Lake Superior Canada/USA 31,660
The Andes are the worlds Rivers begin their lives as small streams high up on mountains or hills. Atlantic Ocean 69,510 miles Coasts can be icy, rocky, or
Indian Ocean 41,337 miles 3. Lake Victoria East Africa 26,641
longest chain of mountains. They grow and grow, joining with other small rivers, until they form one sandy, like these beaches at Rio
They stretch down the west big river which reaches the sea or lake. River water comes from rainfall, Arctic Ocean 28,203 miles de Janeiro, Brazil, on South 4. Lake Huron Canada/USA 23,011
Volcanic mountain coast of South America for melted ice or snow, and groundwater from inside the Earths crust. Southern Ocean 11,165 miles Americas east coast. 5. Lake Michigan USA 22,316
around 5,500 miles. 6. Lake Tanganyika Central Africa 12,741
Heat from molten rock in the River Length (miles)
mantle pushes layers of solid OCEAN CURRENTS 7. Great Bear Lake Canada 12,084
The Andes include the highest 1. Nile Africa 4,144
rock in the Earths crust upward 8. Lake Baykal Russia 11,969
mountain in South America, 2. Amazon South America 4,007 The oceans are never still.
Warm water currents
creating a bulge on the Earths Tides rise and fall, and ocean 9. Lake Malawi/Nyasa East Africa 11,428
surface. Aconcagua in Argentina, which is 3. Yangtze Asia 3,964 Cold water currents
currents, which are like rivers 10. Aral Sea Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan 11,076
22,834 feet high. Many of the 4. Mississippi-Missouri N. America 3,740 in oceans, move the water
mountains in the Andes are around. (Numbers are rounded as appropriate.)
5. Yenisey-Angara Asia 3,448
volcanic. 6. Huang He (Yellow) Asia 3,395 Surface currents
are created by Lake Victoria,
The Andes were formed around 7. Ob-Irtysh Asia 3,361 the wind. Currents the largest
Dome mountain 8. Congo Africa 2,900 The Nile River snakes deep underwater
lake in Africa.
70 million years ago by the are created by
collision of the Nazca Oceanic 9. Parana South America 2,796 through Egypts capital Over 200
temperature
See page 8 city, Cairo. The Nile flows species of
THE CRACKED PLANET and Plate with the South American 10. Mekong Asia 2,702 differences and the
through northeast Africa out amount of salt in the water. fish live in
EVER-CHANGING PLANET Continental Plate. (Numbers are rounded as appropriate.) into the Mediterranean Sea. its waters.
10 11
PHYSICAL WORLD
FACTFILE PHYSICAL WORLD MAKING MAPS
The projection on these pages was
created by a process thats a bit
The flat, peeled version of the
Earth was then stretched and
CONTINENT
THE CONTINENTS
Area (square miles) Percentage of total land
P
lanet Earth is three dimensional: it has length, width, and height. Asia 17,177,000 29.8%
Total surface area of Earth: like peeling an orange, then manipulated by computer to
196,672,000 square miles In order to create two dimensional maps for an atlas, map makers, smoothing the skin out. create the map we see below. Africa 11,697,000 20.3%
Total length of coastline called cartographers, have devised ways to convert the Earths curved North and Central America 9,357,000 16.2%
on Earth: South America 6,868,000 11.9%
234,512 miles surface into flat images, called projections. The projection below is a
Antarctica 5,443,000 9.4%
Largest ocean: physical map of the whole world. It shows physical features such as
Europe 3,843,000 6.7%
Pacific Ocean mountains, and has a key that shows how the maps colors denote different
Total area: 60 million square miles Oceania 3,303,000 5.7%
environments, such as tundra and desert.
Largest oceanic island:
Greenland, North America ARCTIC OCEAN
Total area: 836,330 square miles
PHYSICAL MAP OF THE WORLD PHYSICAL MAP OF THE WORLD
N
Largest lake:
Caspian Sea, Asia is a ARCTIC OCEAN E
land-locked salt water lake. W
GREENL LAND
Total area: 143,244 square miles ARCTIC OCEAN
Largest freshwater lake:
S
Lake Superior in Canada/USA
NS
TAI
Total area: 31,660 square miles S I B E R I A
OUN
AR
RO
URAL M
Largest freshwater island: Parts of the Sahara GULF
Ilha de Maraj, Brazil, South Desert in Africa can
CK
OF
America, an island at the mouth of
NORTH
Y
go for several ALASKA EUROPE
MO
the Amazon River.
Total area: 15,500 square miles
years without
AMERICA PS
ASIA
having any rain. UNT L CASPIAN
A
BLACK SEA SEA
Longest river:
AIN
MEDITE
Nile, Africa
NORTH RR
AN
PLATEAU PACIFIC
S
EAN SEA IM
Total length: 4,144 miles
H
OF TIBET TROPIC
A L
Tallest mountain: GULF OF ATLANTIC A Y
A S
OCEAN
R E
Mount Everest, Himalayas range, MEXICO
S A H A R A ARABIAN
OCEAN
D
PENINSULA
border of China and Nepal, Asia
S E
BAY
OF
A
Height: 29,035 feet CARIBBEAN
SEA
ARABIAN BENGAL
Longest cave system: SEA

Mammoth Caves, USA AFRICA
360 miles of caves have been
explored and mapped. A M A Z O N
B A S I N
A
Largest gorge: INDIAN

SOUTH
Grand Canyon, USA
PACIFIC
N
The Grand Canyon in Arizona was carved from the

Total length: 277 miles
surrounding rock by the flow of the Colorado River. AMERICA KALAHARI
OCEAN
Widest point: 15 miles
Its average depth is 4,000 feet. OCEAN DESERT
D
Largest desert: In the deepest places, the gorge is 6,000 feet deep.
OCEANIA
Sahara desert, North Africa MAP KEY TROPIC OF
E
Total area: 3.5 million square miles
The Angels Falls in

Mountains WORLDS LARGEST
Highest waterfall:
COUNTRIES
S
Angel Falls, Venezuela, South Venezuela, South Ice SOUTHERN

America has an uninterrupted fall America, were named
Area (square miles) OCEAN
of 3,212 feet of water. for an American Forest
Hottest recorded temperature: adventurer James 1. Russia 6,592,772
Al Aziziyah, Libya Angel who crash- Grassland 2. Canada 3,855,103 A N TAR
136F landed his plane near
the top of the falls in Desert 3. USA 3,718,711
Lowest recorded temperature: 1937. 4. China 3,705,407
Vostok Base, Antarctica Tundra
5. Brazil 3,286,488
ANTARCTICA
-128F
12 13
WORLD POPULATION
Total world population in
2005:
POLITICAL WORLD LIFE EXPECTANCY
Life expectancy at birth
total population:
Key
Europe
Oceania
World population by continent
7.1%
WEALTH BY CONTINENT
Share of worlds
wealth by continent
T
6,446,131,400 his map is a political map of the world. The colors on the map Male: 63 years Asia 6.7% 15.5%
Africa
show how people divide up the world into territories, or individual Female: 66 years South America
0.4% 32.7%
World population growth North America
per year: countries. The number of countries in the world changes often. Highest life expectancy:
12% 35.3%
1.14% Sometimes, large countries divide up into smaller countries. Other times, a Andorra, Europe 83.5 years
group of small countries will join together to become one large country.If Lowest life expectancy:
you were to look at a political map of the world 50 years from now, it might Botswana, Africa 34 years
HIGHEST POPULATION 3.7% 1.4%
BY COUNTRY look quite different to how the political world looks today. See the GLOSSARY for
LIFE EXPECTANCY 2.2%
58.3% 24.7%
1. China 1,306,313,812
2. India 1,080,264,388
POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD
3. USA 295,734,134
4. Indonesia 241,973,879 GREENLAND
(KALAALLIT NUNAAT)
5. Brazil 186,112,794
6. Pakistan 162,419,946
7. Bangladesh 144,319,628 Y
A
EN
R U S S I A N
W
8. Russia 143,420,309 ICELAND
ED
R
F E D E R A T I O N
O
FINLAND
SW
9. Nigeria 128,771,988
N
ESTONIA
10. Japan 127,417,244 DENMARK

LATVIA
C A N A D A UNITED
KINGDOM
RUSSIA
LITHUANIA
BELARUS
IRELAND
NETHERLANDS POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY CZECH SLOVAK UKRAINE
AGE STRUCTURE OF WORLD POPULATION LUXEMBOURG REP.
AUSTRIA
REP.
SWITZERLAND SLOVENIA HUNGARY
MOLDOVA K AZAK H S T AN
FRANCE
CROATIA ROMANIA MONGOLIA
BOSNIA- SERBIA-
Median age is the age that divides This chart shows the worlds UNITED S TATES ANDORRA
HERZEGOVINAMONTENEGRO
BULGARIA BLACK SEA GEORGIA
UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN
ITALY MACEDONIA
ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN NORTH
SPAIN ALBANIA
a population in two half the population by age group.
PORTUGAL
OF AMERICA NORTH MEDITER
RA GREECE
TUR K EY TURKMENISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
KOREA
SOUTH
people are younger than this age, TUNISIA
NE
AN SE
A
CYPRUS SYRIA
AFGHANISTAN
C H I N A
KOREA
65+ years LEBANON
and half are older. 0 14 years ATLANTIC MOROCCO ISRAEL

JORDAN
IRAQ IRAN
KUWAIT
JAPAN
PAKISTAN
7.3%
GULF OF ALGERIA
LIBYA
NEPAL BHUTAN
OCEAN
QATAR
WESTERN SAUDI
Total world population MEXICO SAHARA
EGYPT UNITED
MEXICO ARABIA ARAB BANGLADESH
27.8% CUBA
DOMINICAN
EMIRATES
INDIA BURMA
TAIWAN
PACIFIC
median age: 27.6 years HAWAII
JAMAICA
REPUBLIC
MAURITANIA
MALI NIGER
OMAN
LAOS
BELIZE HAITI PUERTO CHAD BAY

Male: 27 years 64.9%
GUATEMALA HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
CARIBBEAN
SEA
RICO SENEGAL
GAMBIA BURKINA
SUDAN
ERITREA YEMEN
ARABIAN OF
THAILAND VIETNAM
OCEAN
EL SALVADOR FASO
DJBOUTI BENGAL CAMBODIA
SEA
TRINIDAD & GUINEA- GUINEA
BENIN
NIGERIA PHILIPPINES
Female: 28.2 years COSTA RICA TOBAGO BISSAU SOMALIA
GHANA
T OGO
SIERRA LEONE IVORY
PANAMA VENEZUELA CENTRAL AFRICAN
ETHIOPIA
1564 years GUYANA FRENCH
LIBERIA
COAST
REPUBLIC SRI
LANKA BRUNEI
GUIANA CAMEROON
SURINAME
EQUATORIAL MALAYSIA
COLOMBIA GUINEA REPUBLIC OF
UGANDA
KENYA SINGAPORE
GABON CONGO DEMOCRATIC
GALAPAGOS IS ECUADOR
WORLDS LARGEST CITIES BY POPULATION
RWANDA
INDIAN
REPUBLIC
OF CONGO BURUNDI
I N D O N E S I A PAPUA
SOUTH TANZANIA NEW
1. Tokyo Japan 35,327,000 B R A Z I L GUINEA
PERU OCEAN SOLOMON
TRANSPORT FACTS ATLANTIC ANGOLA

ZAMBIA
MALAWI
ISLANDS
2. Mexico City Mexico 19,013,000 MOZAMBIQUE
3. New York USA 18,498,000 Total length of roads OCEAN NAMIBIA

BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
MADAGASCAR
MAURITIUS VANUATU
E
PARAGUAY RUNION
4. Mumbai (Bombay) India 18,336,000 in the world: SWAZILAND

NEW CALEDONIA
AUSTRALIA
L
LESOTHO
5. S~ao Paulo Brazil 18,333,000 20,098,354 miles SOUTH

AFRICA
URUGUAY
I
6. Delhi India 15,334,000 Total length of railway ARGENTINA NEW

in the world: INDEPENDENT STATES AND DEPENDENCIES ZEALAND
H
7. Kolkata (Calcutta) India 14,299,000

8. Buenos Aires Argentina 13,349,000 692,956 miles
In the world today, there are 192 countries, territories or dependencies of one of
C
Territories and
9. Jakarta Indonesia 13,194,000 Number of airports FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS or states, which have their own government the independent states. Territories and dependencies are noted in
in the world: and are completely independent. dependencies are governed and protected the country-by-country SOUTHERN OCEAN
10. Shanghai China 12,665,000 FACTFILES.
49,973 There are also many countries that are by the independent country
(Numbers include the city and surrounding urban areas.)
14 15
P E O P L E
FACTFILE NORTH AMERICA AND RUSSIAN
POLITICAL MAP OF NORTH AMERICA
A R C T I C
QU E E N Ellesmere
ASIA
O C E A N
CENTRAL AMERICA
FEDERATION ELIZABETH
Island Arctic Circle
Total population: CHUKCHI SEA
ISLANDS
G REENLA ND
North America: 328,600,000 ( K A L A A L L IT N U N A AT )
Central America: 185,800,000 St. Lawrence Island BEAUFORT North Baffin NORTH
SEA Tropic of
T
Highest population:
he North American continent lies between BERING Victoria
Magnetic Bay Cancer
AMERICA
Baffin
USA 295,734,134 the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This SEA Alaska Island
Pole
Island
Lowest population:
(USA) SOUTH
varied region stretches from the icy plains ALE
UTIA AMERICA
St. Pierre and Miquelon 7,012 N ISLAN
DS Kodiak
of arctic North America to the hot deserts and lush LABRADOR
Island
Most populous city: SEA
tropical forests of Central America and the GULF OF
Mexico City, Mexico ALASKA
Hudson
19,013,000 residents Bay Newfoundland
Caribbean islands. Dominating western North QUEEN CHARLOTTE
ISLANDS Belcher Is.
Life expectancy: America are the Rocky Mountains, which stretch Rising majestically from the
North America: 77 years
C A N A D A
VANCOUVER ISLAND
Central America: 73 years for 3000 miles from Canada to New Mexico, desert floor, 1000-feet high
sandstone rock forms in St.-Pierre &
Highest infant mortality rate: through the United States of America. Monument Valley, Utah.
Miquelon
Haiti: 73 deaths per 1,000 births
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS FAST FACTS U NI T ED

See the GLOSSARY for
NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) The center of Greenland has
definitions of LIFE EXPECTANCY
and INFANT MORTALITY RATE. sunk to 1,000 feet below sea KAUAI S T A T ES O F BERMUDA
Mt. McKinley USA (Alaska) 20,322 OAHU
Average annual income Mt. Logan Canada 19,849

level due to the weight of the MAUI A M ER I C A A T L A N T I C
huge ice sheet that covers most
per person (in USD): Pico de Orizaba Mexico 18,406 of the island. HAWAII O C E A N
Highest: USA $40,100
Lowest: Haiti $1,500
Mt. St Elias USA/Canada 18,008
At 282 feet below sea level,
LONGEST RIVERS Death Valley in California is the
GULF OF DOMINICAN
MEXICO REPUBLIC
lowest place in the western CUBA
NAME RIVER MOUTH LENGTH (miles) P A C I F I C MEXICO HAITI PUERTO
G E O G R A P H Y hemisphere. Summer RICO
Mississippi-Missouri Gulf of Mexico 3,740 temperatures often exceed O C E A N JAMAICA
FACTFILE Mackenzie Arctic Ocean 2,635 120F.
Yukon Pacific Ocean 1,979
Total land area: The USA is the worlds third POLITICAL MAP OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
9,357,000 square miles Rio Grande Gulf of Mexico 1,889 largest producer of oil
Largest country: LARGEST ISLANDS 7,800,000 barrels each day. For Bermuda, see map above.
G u
Canada: 3,855,103 square miles
lf
THE
Second largest country in the world NAME LOCATION AREA (sq miles) BAHAMAS
of
Smallest country: Greenland Atlantic Ocean 836,330
G U L F O F
Ca
TURKS & British
Bermuda: 20.5 square miles Baffin Island Canada 196,100 CAICOS Virgin
li
Anguilla
M E X I C O Andros I.
ISLANDS Islands
fo
Virgin Is
Largest lake: Victoria Island Canada 81,900 MEX IC O Barbuda
rn
CUBA DOMINICAN Antigua
Lake Superior, Canada/USA REPUBLIC
St. Kitts
ia
Yucat & Nevis Guadeloupe
Total area: 31,660 square miles n C G R HAITI PUERTO Domnica
h an Montserrat
E A RICO Martinique
L E S
See page 11 WORLDS 10 LARGEST LAKES T E S
Largest desert: Bay of R L E
ne
A L Barbados
CAYMAN N T I St. Lucia
l
Campeche St. Vincent
Great Basin Desert, USA JAMAICA
I L
ISLANDS & The Grenadines
Total area: 190,000 square miles OIL CONSUMPTION BELIZE A N
T Grenada
The saguaro cactus only grows Gulf of CARIBBEAN
L E S S E R Tobago
Highest waterfall: Oil is a fossil fuel (a natural TRINIDAD
TOP 5 CONSUMERS OF OIL in the Sonoran desert in the Honduras Aruba Netherlands
Ribbon Fall, Yosemite National Antilles
resource) that we burn to produce (USAGE PER DAY) USA and Mexico. Saguaros can GUATEMALA
Gulf of
HONDURAS SEA
Park, USA
Total drop: 1,612 feet power for heating and lighting. It grow to 50 feet tall and live for Tehuantepec NICARAGUA
EL SALVADOR
is also used as fuel for cars, USA 19,650,000 barrels 175 years. CENTRAL AMERICA Mosquito
Lake Nicaragua Gulf
trucks, and planes. Canada 2,200,000 barrels The Equator SOUTH
See page 21 Cuba is the fifth largest island in COSTA PA N A M A
NORTH AMERICA FACTFILES Oil production and consumption is Puerto Rico 190,000 barrels AMERICA
0 500 1000 1500 kilometers
the region at 42,803 square RICA
and page 22 measured in barrels. A barrel is Cuba 163,000 barrels miles.
CENTRAL AMERICA FACTFILES
equivalent to 42 gallons. Jamaica 66,000 barrels 0 500 1000 miles
16 17
PHYSICAL MAP OF NORTH AMERICA PHYSICAL MAP OF NORTH AMERICA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
W E
N
S N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
18 19
PHYSICAL MAP OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CLIMATE: NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA HABITATS: NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY TEMPERATURES IN JULY This map shows the different

A A habitats across the continent.
E
N
S
B B
W
The Rocky
C C
Mountains are
made up of 100
TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER separate mountain
ranges.
D D
Canada is the
country with the
HABITATS KEY worlds longest
CLIMATES KEY
Ice and snow coastline
E E Tundra 125,567 miles.
over 90 F 45 to 60 F 0 to 15 F
Mountains/barren land
75 to 90 F 30 to 45 F -10 to 0 F Forest
Grassland
F F 60 to 75 F 15 to 30 F below -10 F Semidesert
Desert
G G LAND USE: NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA SAN ANDREAS FAULT

Forest, including trees
grown for timber
The San Andreas fault on the
Pacific coast of California, is
Permanent pasture
H H
746 miles long.
Permanent crops, 25.7% The fault is part of the boundary
such as fruit trees or between the Pacific and North
44.6%
grapevines
I I American tectonic plates, and is
Arable crops, such as 17.2% one of the worlds major
wheat and rice, that are
earthquake zones.
replanted each year 12.1% The plates at the San Andreas
J J
Other roads, towns, 0.4% See page 8 THE fault slide past each other at
and barren land CRACKED PLANET about two inches each year.
K K
L L
NORTH AMERICA FACTFILES
Each country-by-country factfile contains: total area of the country in square miles; total population; name of the capital city; the main currency
used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of
importance to the countrys economy); natural resources (of commercial importance); and a countrys status if it is not independent.
M M
CANADA GREENLAND SAINT PIERRE UNITED STATES

Total area (sq. miles): Total area (sq. miles): AND MIQUELON OF AMERICA
3,855,103 836,330 Total area (sq. miles): 93 Total area (sq. miles):
N N Total population: Total population: 56,375 Total population: 7,012 3,718,711
32,805,041 Capital city: Nuuk Capital city: Saint-Pierre Total population: 295,734,134
Capital city: Ottawa Currency: Danish krone (DKK) Currency: Euro (EUR) Capital city: Washington DC
Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD) Languages: Greenlandic (Inuit mixed with Danish); Languages: Creole Currency: US dollar (USD)
Pacific Ocean
Languages: English, French Danish, English Farming: Vegetables, poultry, livestock Languages: English, Spanish
O
O Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, oilseed, Farming: Forage crops (for animals), vegetables, Natural resources: Fish Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn and other
tobacco, fruit sheep, reindeer Status: French overseas territory cereal crops, fruit, vegetables, cotton
Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, nickel, zinc, Natural resources (top 5): Coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, Natural resources (top 5): Coal, copper, lead,
copper, gold molybdenum molybdenum, phosphates
Status: Self-governing Danish territory
P P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 See THE GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES. See page 22 CENTRAL AMERICA FACTFILES
20 21
CENTRAL AMERICA
GUADELOUPE MEXICO ST. LUCIA
Total area (sq. miles): 687 Total area (sq. miles): 761,606 Total area (sq. miles): 238
Total population: 448,713 Total population: 106,202,903 Total population: 166,312
Capital city: Basse-Terre Capital city: Mexico (Distrito Federal) Capital city: Castries
FACTFILES Currency: Euro (EUR)

Languages: French
Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, sugar cane, fruit, vegetables,
livestock
Currency: Mexican peso (MXN)
Languages: Spanish, Mayan, Nahuatl
Farming (top 5 products): Corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, silver, copper, gold, lead
Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Languages: English, French patois
Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coconuts, vegetables,
citrus fruits, root vegetables
Natural resources (top 5): Forests, beaches (for tourism), pumice,
Each country-by-country factfile contains: total area of the country in square miles; total population; name Natural resources: Limited, but beaches and climate good for tourism
Status: French overseas territory mineral springs, potential for geothermal power
of the capital city; the main currency used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of MONTSERRAT
number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of importance to the countrys Total area (sq. miles): 39 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
economy); natural resources (of commercial importance; some countries do not have natural resources, such Total population: 9,341 Total area (sq. miles): 150
GUATEMALA
Total area (sq. miles): 42,043 Capital city: Temporary government buildings Total population: 117,534
as oil or minerals, but their coastline and climate attract tourists which are vital to the countrys economy); and An inviting Virgin Islands beach. at Brades Estate, Carrs Bay and Little Bay due to 1997 volcano Capital city: Kingstown
a countrys status if it is not independent. For many countries, the beauty Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Capital city: Guatemala
of the environment is their most Currency: Quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD) Languages: English Languages: English; French patois
See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES. important natural resource. Languages: Spanish; Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam Farming (top 5 products): Cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes,
Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans tomatoes, onions spices, livestock
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, nickel, timber, fish, chicle Natural resources: Very limited Natural resources: Hydroelectric power
Status: United Kingdom overseas territory
ANGUILLA BELIZE CUBA
Total area (sq. miles): 39 Total area (sq. miles): 8,867 Total area (sq. miles): 42,803
HAITI TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Total population: 13,254 Total population: 279,457 Total population: 11,346,670
Capital city: The Valley Capital city: Belmopan Capital city: Havana Total area (sq. miles): 10,714 NICARAGUA Total area (sq. miles): 1,980
Total population: 8,121,622 Total area (sq. miles): 49,998 Total population: 1,088,644
Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: Belizean dollar (BZD) Currency: Cuban peso (CUP)
Capital city: Port-au-Prince Total population: 5,465,100 Capital city: Port-of-Spain
Languages: English Languages: English, Spanish, Mayan Languages: Spanish
Currency: Gourde (HTG) Capital city: Managua Currency: Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Farming: Tobacco, vegetables, cattle Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coca, citrus fruits, sugar cane, fish Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, tobacco, citrus fruits, coffee, rice
Natural resources: Salt, fish, lobsters Natural resources: Timber, fish, hydroelectric power Natural resources (top 5): Cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper Languages: French; Creole Currency: Gold cordoba (NIO) Languages: English, Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, mangos, sugar cane, rice, corn Languages: Spanish Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, sugar cane, rice, citrus fruits, coffee
BERMUDA DOMINICA Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, bananas, sugar cane, cotton, rice Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, asphalt
Total area (sq. miles): 20.5 Total area (sq. miles): 291 gold, marble Natural resources (top 5): Gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
Total area (sq. miles): 170 Total population: 63,365 Total population: 69,029
Capital city: Hamilton Capital city: Roseau Total area (sq. miles): 166
Capital city: Saint Johns (on Antigua) Currency: Bermudian dollar (BCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) HONDURAS PANAMA Total population: 20,556
Languages: English, Portuguese Languages: English, French patois Total area (sq. miles): 43,278 Total area (sq. miles): 30,193 Capital city: Grand Turk
Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Languages: English, local dialects Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, vegetables, citrus fruits, Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, citrus fruits, mangos, Total population: 6,975,204 Total population: 3,039,150 Currency: US dollar (USD)
Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cut flowers, dairy products root vegetables, coconuts Capital city: Tegucigalpa Capital city: Panama Languages: English
cucumbers Natural resources: Limestone, climate good for tourism Natural resources: Timber, hydroelectric power Currency: Balboa (PAB), US dollar (USD) Farming: Corn, beans, cassava, citrus fruits
Currency: Lempira (HNL)
Natural resources: Limited, but climate good for tourism Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Languages: Spanish, English Natural resources: Fish, spiny lobsters, conch (tropical marine mollusks)
Languages: Spanish, Amerindian dialects
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coffee, citrus fruits, cattle, timber Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugar cane Status: United Kingdom overseas territory
ARUBA BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS Total area (sq. miles): 18,815 Natural resources: Copper, mahogany forests, shrimps, hydroelectric
Total area (sq. miles): 59 Total population: 8,950,034 Natural resources (top 5): Timber, gold, silver, copper, lead
Total area (sq. miles): 74.5 power
Total population: 71,566 Total population: 22,643 Capital city: Santo Domingo VIRGIN ISLANDS
Capital city: Road Town Currency: Dominican peso (DOP)
Capital city: Oranjestad
JAMAICA PUERTO RICO Total area (sq. miles): 136
Currency: Aruban guilder/florin (AWG) Currency: US dollar (USD) Languages: Spanish Total area (sq. miles): 3,515 Total population: 108,708
Languages: English Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco Total area (sq. miles): 4,244
Languages: Dutch, Papiamento, English Total population: 3,916,632 Capital city: Charlotte Amalie
Farming: Fruit, vegetables, livestock, poultry Natural resources: Nickel, bauxite, gold, silver Total population: 2,731,832
Farming: Aloe plants, livestock Capital city: San Juan Currency: US dollar (USD)
Natural resources: Fish, islands good for tourism Capital city: Kingston
Natural resources: Fish, white sandy beaches that are good Currency: US dollar (USD) Languages: English, Spanish or Spanish Creole, French or French Creole
for tourism Status: United Kingdom overseas territory EL SALVADOR Currency: Jamaican dollar (JMD)
Total area (sq. miles): 8,124 Languages: English, English patois Languages: Spanish, English Farming: Fruit, vegetables, sorghum, cattle
Status: Self-governing Netherlands territory Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coffee, pineapples, Natural resources: Limited, but climate and beaches good for tourism
CAYMAN ISLANDS Total population: 6,704,932 Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, bananas, coffee,
Total area (sq. miles): 101 Capital city: San Salvador citrus fruits, yams plantains, bananas Status: United States unincorporated territory
BAHAMAS (THE) Total population: 44,270 Currency: US dollar (USD) Natural resources: Bauxite, gypsum, limestone Natural resources: Copper and nickel (limited amounts), potential
Total area (sq. miles): 5382 Capital city: George Town Languages: Spanish, Nahua for onshore and offshore oil
Total population: 301,790 Currency: Caymanian dollar (KYD) Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, sugar cane, corn, rice, oilseed Status: United States of America Commonwealth
Capital city: Nassau Languages: English Natural resources: Hydroelectric power, geothermal power, oil
Currency: Bahamian dollar (BSD) MARTINIQUE
Farming: Vegetables, fruit, livestock, turtle farming Total area (sq. miles): 425
Languages: English, Creole Natural resources: Fish, climate and beaches good for tourism ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
Farming: Citrus fruits, vegetables, poultry GRENADA Total population: 432,900
Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Total area (sq. miles): 133 Capital city: Fort-de-France Total area (sq. miles): 101
Natural resources: Salt, aragonite, timber Total population: 38,958
Total population: 89,502 Currency: Euro (EUR)
COSTA RICA Capital city: Saint Georges Languages: French, Creole patois Capital city: Basseterre
Total area (sq. miles): 19,730 Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Currency: East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
BARBADOS Total population: 4,016,173
Farming (top 5 products): Pineapples, avocados, bananas,
Total area (sq. miles): 166 Languages: English, French patois cut flowers, vegetables Languages: English
Capital city: San Jose Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, rice, yams, vegetables,
Total population: 279,254 Natural resources: Limited, but coastline and beaches
Currency: Costa Rican colon (CRC) mace, citrus fruits bananas
Capital city: Bridgetown good for tourism
Languages: Spanish, English Natural resources: Timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors good for Opened in 1914, the 50-mile-long, man-made
Currency: Barbadian dollar (BCD) Status: French overseas territory Natural resources: Arable land
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, pineapples, bananas, shipping
Languages: English Panama Canal allows ships to sail from the
sugar cane, corn
Farming: Sugar cane, vegetables, cotton
Natural resources: Hydroelectric power Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Before the
Natural resources: Oil, fish, natural gas
canal was built, ships had to sail all the way
around South America by Cape Horn.
22 23
SOUTH AMERICA
P E O P L E
FACTFILE SOUTH AMERICA POLITICAL MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA
C A R I B B EA N SEA
ES
T
he continent of South America Gulf of LESSER ANTILL
Venezuela
Total population: Netherlands
Antilles TRINIDAD
371,400,000 stretches from the warm waters of the & TOBAGO
Highest population: Caribbean Sea in the north to the
PA N A M A
V ENEZU ELA AT L A N T I C O C E A N
Gulf of SURINAME
Brazil 186,112,794 Panama GUYANA FRENCH
stormy, cold waters of Cape Horn in the
GUIANA
Lowest population: C OLOM BIA
Paraguay 6,347,884
south. The worlds longest mountain chain,
Maraj Bay
Most populous city:
the Andes, runs down the western coast, while Ilha
ECUADOR So Marcos
~ Paulo, Brazil de Bay
Sao the dense, dark Amazon forest, the worlds Maraj Fernando de
Noronha Island
18,333,000 residents The Amazon River accounts for
largest rainforest, spreads across the north of PA C I F I C
Life expectancy: twenty percent of all freshwater
Male: 70 years the continent. that drains into the worlds OCEAN B R A Z I L
Female: 76 years oceans each year.
P E R U
Bolivia: 53 deaths per 1,000 births
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS (BY COUNTRY) AMAZON RAINFOREST NORTH AMERICA
NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) FACTS BOLIVIA

definitions of LIFE EXPECTANCY Aconcagua Argentina 22,834* Rainforests around the world are or
Equat PA
and INFANT MORTALITY RATE. shrinking. They are cut down by The
Ojos del Salado Argentina/Chile 22,664 SOUTH AMERICA R AG
Huascaran Peru 22,205 the timber industry or cleared UA
Y
AT L A N T I C
E
Average annual income Sajama Bolivia 21,463 for mineral mining and farming.
per person (in USD): Chimborazo Ecuador 20,702
Highest: Uruguay $14,500 Just 2.5 acres of Amazon
ARGENTINA OCEAN
L
Lowest: Bolivia $2,600
* Aconcagua is the highest mountain in South America. rainforest can contain up to
URUGUAY
1500 different plant species.
See page 10 THE ANDES
I
ANTARCTICA
Each species of tree may
LONGEST RIVERS support more than 400 different Blanca
G E O G R A P H Y
H
Bay
insect species.
NAME RIVER MOUTH LENGTH (miles) LAND USE
FACTFILE Valds Peninsula
FAST FACT
Amazon Atlantic Ocean 4,007 20% of the worlds birds live in Gulf of
C
Forest, including trees San Jorge
the Amazon rainforest. The worlds southernmost town
Total land area: Parana Atlantic Ocean 2,796 grown for timber
6,868,000 square miles West FALKLAND/MALVINAS is Ushuaia, a fishing port and
Purus Amazon 2,082 500 years ago, 6 million native Permanent pasture Falkland ISLANDS
naval base, on the island of
Grande East
Largest country: Madeira Amazon 1,988 Bay
people lived in the Amazon Permanent crops, Falkland
South Tierra del Feugo, Argentina.
Brazil: 3,286,488 square miles Strait of Magellan
such as fruit trees or Georgia
Fifth largest country in the world LARGEST LAKES rainforest. In 2000, the number S C O T I A
grapevines
Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
Smallest country: was less than 250,000. S E A
NAME LOCATION AREA (sq miles) Arable crops, such as
Netherlands Antilles: wheat and rice, that are
371 square miles Lake Titicaca Bolivia/Peru 3,205 CLIMATE: SOUTH AMERICA
replanted each year
Largest island: Lake Poopo Bolivia 1,081 FAST FACTS
Other roads, towns, KEY
Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego Venezuela is South Americas and barren land THE EQUATOR THE EQUATOR
18,147 square miles over 90 F
HABITATS main producer of oil. Brazil uses
1.1%
Largest desert: the most oil in South America, 5.5% 75 to 90 F
Atacama Desert, Chile This map shows the different types
2,199,000 barrels each day. 60 to 75 F
31,000 square miles of habitats across the continent.
There has never been any rainfall
KEY The Amazons source is a 45 to 60 F
28.7%
recorded in parts of this desert. 14.2%
Ice and snow
remote slope of the Nevado 30 to 45 F
Highest waterfall: Tundra Mismi peak (17,440 feet 15 to 30 F
Angel Falls, Venezuela high), in Peru.
Mountains/barren land 0 to 15 F
Total drop: 3,212 feet 50.5% TEMPERATURES
Forest TEMPERATURES
Grassland La Paz in Bolivia is the worlds -10 to 0 F IN JANUARY IN JULY
Semidesert highest capital city, about below -10 F
See page 27 Desert
SOUTH AMERICA FACTFILES
12,000 feet above sea level.
24 25
SOUTH AMERICA
A
1 2 3 4
PHYSICAL MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
SOUTH AMERICA FACTFILES
N used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of
B B
W E
C C
ARGENTINA FRENCH GUIANA SURINAME
Total area (sq. miles): 1,068,302 Total area (sq. miles): 35,135 Total area (sq. miles): 63,039
Total population: 39,537,943 Total population: 195,506 Total population: 438,144
Capital city: Buenos Aires
S Currency: Argentine peso (ARS)
Capital city: Cayenne Capital city: Paramaribo
Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Suriname guilder (SRG)
D D
Languages: Spanish, English, Italian,
German, French Languages: French Languages: Dutch, English, Sranang Tongo (Creole language sometimes
Farming (top 5 products): Sunflower seeds, lemons, Farming (top 5 products): Corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), called Taki-Taki)
soybeans; grapes, corn sugar cane, cocoa Farming (top 5 products): Rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts,
Natural resources (top 5): Fertile pampas plains, lead, zinc, tin, copper Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, timber, gold, oil,kaolin plantains
E E Status: French overseas territory Natural resources (top 5): Timber, hydroelectric power, fish, kaolin,
shrimp
BOLIVIA
Total population: 8,857,870 GUYANA
F F Capital city: La Paz/Sucre Total area (sq. miles): 83,000 URUGUAY
Currency: Boliviano (BOB) Total population: 765,283 Total area (sq. miles): 68,038
Languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Capital city: Georgetown Total population: 3,415,920
Farming (top 5 products): Soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn Currency: Guyanese dollar (GYD) Capital city: Montevideo
Natural resources (top 5): Tin, natural gas, oil, zinc, tungsten Languages: English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi Currency: Uruguayan peso (UYU)
G G
Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, rice, wheat, Languages: Spanish
vegetable oils, livestock Farming (top 5 products): Rice, wheat, corn, barley, livestock
BRAZIL Natural resources: Hydroelectric power, minerals, fish
Total area (sq. miles): 3,286,488 Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, gold, diamonds,
H
Total population: 186,112,794 timber, shrimp
H
Capital city: Brasilia
Currency: Real (BRL) VENEZUELA
Languages: Portuguese, Spanish, English, French Total area (sq. miles): 352,144
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn Total population: 25,375,281
I I Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel Capital city: Caracas
Currency: Bolivar (VEB)
Capital city: Willestad
Languages: Spanish, numerous indigenous dialects
CHILE Currency: Netherlands Antillean
Farming (top 5 products): Corn, sorghum, sugar cane, rice, bananas
Total area (sq. miles): 292,260 guilder (ANG)
J J Total population: 15,980,912 Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite
Languages: Papiamento, English, Dutch
Capital city: Santiago Farming (top 5 products): Aloe plants, sorghum, peanuts,
Currency: Chilean peso (CLP)
vegetables, tropical fruit See the GLOSSARY
Languages: Spanish
Farming (top 5 products): Fruit, onions, wheat, corn, oats Natural resources: Phosphates (on Curacao island), for words and terms used in these FACTFILES.
K K salt (on Bonaire island)
Natural resources (top 5): Copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates,
precious metals Status: Self-governing Netherlands territory
L L COLOMBIA PARAGUAY
Capital city: Bogota Total population: 6,347,884
Currency: Colombian peso (COP) Capital city: Asuncion
M M Languages: Spanish Currency: Guarani (PYG)
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco Languages: Spanish, Guarani
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, sugar cane, soybeans, corn, wheat
Natural resources (top 5): Hydroelectric power, timber, iron ore,
manganese, limestone
N N ECUADOR
Capital city: Quito PERU
Currency: US dollar (USD) Total area (sq. miles): 496,226
O O
Languages: Spanish, Quechua
Llamas are members of the camel family and
Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes are native to South America. They have lived
Capital city: Lima
Natural resources: Oil, fish, timber, hydroelectric power
Currency: Nuevo sol (PEN)
in the Andes for centuries, both as wild
Languages: Spanish; Quechua; Aymara animals and in domesticated herds. Today,
P P
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, potatoes they still work as pack animals carrying
Natural resources (top 5): Copper, silver, gold, oil, timber goods through inaccessible mountain passes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
26 27
AFRICA
P E O P L E
FACTFILE AFRICA POLITICAL MAP OF AFRICA
0 500 1000 1500 kilometers
A
Total population:
frica is the second largest continent in Madeira 0 500 1000 miles
887,000,000 the world. The worlds biggest desert, MEDITERRANEANE SE
Canary Is. MOROCCO TUNISIA A
Highest population: the Sahara, dominates the landscape of
Nigeria 128,771,988
the north, while in the south forests and vast A L G E R I A
Lowest population: L I B Y A
Djibouti 476,703
grasslands are home to wild animals, such as WESTERN
SAHARA EGYPT
RED
Most populous city:
leopards, lions, and elephants. The Great Rift
Cape
Cairo, Egypt Valley, one of the Earths major geological
SEA
Verde Is. MAURITANIA
11,146,000 residents
features, runs from the Red Sea down to MALI NIGER
Life expectancy:
Male: 51 years Mozambique. This huge crack in the Earths SENEGAL
CHAD ERITREA
Female: 53 years surface, caused by a series of faults, is made up of
GAMBIA
S U D A N
GUINEA BURKINO FASO
An African leopard in the BISSAU GUINEA DJIBOUTI
Highest infant mortality rate: mountains, volcanoes, deep valleys, and lakes. BENIN
Samburu Game Reserve, Kenya. GHANA NIGERIA
Angola: 191 deaths per 1,000 SIERRA COTE CENTRAL
births the highest in the world LEONE DIVOIRE
AFRICAN E T H I O P I A SOMALIA
LIBERIA
TOGO CAMEROON REPUBLIC
See the GLOSSARY
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS FAST FACTS
for definitions of LIFE NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) Almost 90% of the rainforest in ATLANTIC
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC
UGANDA K E N Y A INDIAN
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
EXPECTANCY and INFANT
Mt. Kilimanjaro Tanzania 19,341 West Africa has been destroyed.
GABON OF
REPUBLIC OCEAN
MORTALITY RATE. OCEAN CONGO RWANDA
Mt. Kirinyaga (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,060 OF CONGO BURUNDI SEYCHELLES
90% of the rainforest on the
Average annual income Mount Stanley (Margherita Peak) Dem. Rep. Congo/Uganda 16,765 African island of Madagascar EUROPE TANZANIA
per person (in USD): has been destroyed. Around
Highest: Mauritius $12,800
Ras Dashen Ethiopia 15,157
Lowest: Sierra Leone $600
80% of the animal species Tropic of Cancer
COMOROS
found on Madagascar live only ANGOLA MALAWI
LONGEST RIVERS AFRICA ZAMBIA
Mayotte
on this island and nowhere else
NAME RIVER MOUTH LENGTH (miles) on Earth (other than zoo The Equator
G E O G R A P H Y Nile Mediterranean 4,144 populations). NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE Mauritius
MADAGASCAR Runion
FACTFILE Congo Atlantic Ocean 2,900
See page 24
Tropic of Capricorn
BOTSWANA
Niger Atlantic Ocean 2,597 AMAZON RAINFOREST FACTS
Total land area: Zambezi Indian Ocean 2,200 SWAZILAND
11,697,000 square miles
SOUTH
Largest country: LARGEST ISLANDS Namibia was the first country in
AFRICA
LESOTHO
Sudan: 967,499 square miles the world to include protecting MOUNT KILIMANJARO
NAME AREA (sq miles) the environment in its
Smallest country:
Mayotte: 144 square miles Madagascar Indian Ocean 226,657 constitution. Around 14% of
Runion Indian Ocean 972 Namibia is now protected
Largest lake:
Lake Victoria, East Africa
including the entire Namib
26,641 square miles Desert coast.
See page 11 WORLDS 10 LARGEST LAKES
Largest desert: Ancient rock paintings show
Sahara Desert, North Africa
that 8,000 years ago the
3.5 million square miles OIL CONSUMPTION Sahara Desert was a lush, green
Largest desert in the world
The amount of oil produced, TOP 5 CONSUMERS OF OIL place that was home to many
Highest waterfall:
bought and sold, and used in the (USAGE PER DAY) wild animals.
Tugela Falls, South Africa
Total drop: 3,110 feet world is measured in barrels.
It is believed that the first place
A barrel is equivalent to Egypt 562,000 barrels Africas Mount Kilimanjaro is an extinct volcano. It is the highest Due to rainforest
in the world to cultivate coffee
42 gallons. South Africa 460,000 barrels mountain in the world that it is possible to scale without special destruction, many
See page 33 was Ethiopia. It was grown in
Nigeria 275,000 barrels climbing skills or equipment. Around 22,000 people climb Kilimanjaro Madagascan animals,
AFRICA FACTFILES the Kefa region of Ethiopia such as this ring-tailed
Nigeria is Africas largest producer of Libya 216,000 barrels every year, making it the worlds most climbed mountain.
around 1000 years ago. lemur, are endangered.
oil2,356,000 barrels per day Algeria 209,000 barrels
28 29
AFRICA
PHYSICAL MAP OF AFRICA PHYSICALMAP
PHYSICAL MAPOFOFAFRICA
EUROPE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A A
B B
C C
E
N
S
D D
W
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
9,436
N N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
30 31
AFRICA
HABITATS AND PROTECTING AFRICAS WILDLIFE
This map shows the different
types of habitats across
There are fewer than 700
mountain gorillas left in the
AFRICA FACTFILES
the continent. world. Each country-by-country factfile contains: total area of the country in square miles; total population; name of the capital city; the main currency
The biggest threat the mountain importance to the countrys economy); natural resources (of commercial importance); and a countrys status if it is not independent.
gorillas face is the loss of their
habitat as the human population
in the region expands. People
need to cut down the forest to ALGERIA CAMEROON Languages: French, Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
Total area (sq. miles): 919,595 Total area (sq. miles): 183,568 Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, sugar cane, palm oil, rubber, tea
grow crops. Total population: 32,531,853 Total population: 16,380,005 Natural resources (top 5): Cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, oil
Capital city: Algiers Capital city: Yaounde
KEY
One way to save the gorillas Currency: Algerian dinar (DZD) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF) CONGO (REPUBLIC OF)
Ice and snow and their rainforest habitat is to Languages: Arabic, French, Berber dialects Languages: English, French, 24 African languages Total area (sq. miles): 132,047
Tundra Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas Total population: 3,039,126
encourage gorilla tourists, Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, Natural resources (top 5): Oil, bauxite, iron ore, timber,
Mountains/barren land Capital city: Brazzaville
Forest
people who visit Africa and pay to uranium hydroelectric power Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF)
Grassland watch gorilla families in the wild. Languages: French, Lingala, Monokutuba
Semidesert
ANGOLA CAPE VERDE Farming (top 5 products): Cassava, sugar cane, rice, corn, peanuts
Total area (sq. miles): 481,354 Total area (sq. miles): 1,557 Natural resources (top 5): Oil, timber, potash, lead, zinc
Desert
Uganda
Today, many African animals live in Total population: 11,190,786 Total population: 418,224
protected parks. The parks create Capital city: Luanda Capital city: Praia
COTE DIVOIRE
income for poor local communities, Currency: Kwanza (AOA) Currency: Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Languages: Portuguese, Bantu Languages: Portuguese; Crioulo (IVORY COAST)
Mountain gorillas live in just Dem Rep and encourage governments to
Congo Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, sugar cane, coffee, sisal, corn Farming (top 5 products): Bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, Total area (sq. miles): 124,503
two small areas of protected Rwanda protect rare animals. Total population: 17,298,040
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper sugar cane
rainforest in Africa. Natural resources (top 5): Salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish Capital city: Yamoussoukro/Abidjan
BENIN Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF)
Total area (sq. miles): 43,483 CENTRAL AFRICAN Languages: French, Dioula, and 60 indigenous dialects
CLIMATE: AFRICA LAND USE Total population: 7,460,025 REPUBLIC Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cocoa, bananas,
Capital city: Porto-Novo/Cotonou palm kernels, corn
TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY Total area (sq. miles): 240,535
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, diamonds, manganese,
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Total population: 3,799,897
Forest, including trees iron ore
Languages: French; Fon, Yoruba Capital city: Bangui
grown for timber Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, corn, cassava, yams, beans Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF)
Natural resources: Oil, limestone, marble, timber
DJIBOUTI
Languages: French; Sangho
Permanent pasture 21.8% Total area (sq. miles): 8880
Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc, yams
BOTSWANA Natural resources (top 5): Diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil
Permanent crops, 41% Capital city: Djibouti
such as fruit trees or Currency: Bolivar (VEB)
Total population: 1,640,115 CHAD Languages: French; Arabic, Somali, Afar
THE EQUATOR grapevines
30.2% Capital city: Gaborone Total area (sq. miles): 495,755 Farming: Fruits, vegetables, livestock (including camels)
Arable crops, such as Currency: Pula (BWP) Total population: 9,826,419
KEY Natural resources (top 5): Geothermal energy, gold; clay, granite,
wheat and rice, that are Languages: Setswana, Kalanga Capital city: NDjamena limestone
over 90 F replanted each year Farming (top 5 products): Livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF)
6.1%
Natural resources (top 5): Diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, coal Languages: French; Arabic, Sara, 120 different languages and dialects
75 to 90 F Other roads, towns, Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice
and barren land BURKINA FASO Natural resources (top 5): Oil, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish
60 to 75 F 0.9%
45 to 60 F Total population: 13,925,313 COMOROS
TEMPERATURES IN JULY 30 to 45 F Capital city: Ouagadougou Total area (sq. miles): 838
THE AFRICAN BAOBAB TREE Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Total population: 671,247
15 to 30 F Languages: Moore, Jula, French Capital city: Moroni
The baobab tree grows in semi- Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, Currency: Comoran franc (KMF)
0 to 15 F
arid places in sub-Saharan Africa. sorghum Languages: Arabic, French, Shikomoro
-10 to 0 F Natural resources (top 5): Manganese, limestone, marble, gold, pumice Farming (top 5 products): Vanilla, cloves, perfume essences,
below -10 F copra, coconuts
The tree can grow to 80 feet tall BURUNDI Natural resources: Limited natural resources
with a diameter around the trunk Total area (sq. miles): 10,745
THE EQUATOR
of over 30 feet. It is believed that Total population: 6,370,609 CONGO (DEMOCRATIC
baobabs can live for 1,000 years. Capital city: Bujumbura REPUBLIC OF)
Currency: Burundi franc (BIF) An elephant in the Ngorongoro Crater in
Arabian legend says the devil Languages: Kirundi, French, Swahili Total population: 60,085,804
Tanzania. The Crater is part of Africas
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum Great Rift Valley.
plucked the baobab tree from the Natural resources (top 5): Nickel, uranium, peat, cobalt, copper
Capital city: Kinshasa
Currency: Congolese franc (CDF)
ground, then plunged it back in,
upside down.
See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES.
32 33
AFRICA
AFRICA Factfiles MOZAMBIQUE
SENEGAL
TANZANIA
Capital city: Maputo Capital city: Dakar Capital city: Dar es Salaam/Dodoma
Currency: Metical (MZM) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Currency: Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
EGYPT GUINEA MALAWI
Total area (sq. miles): 386,662 Total area (sq. miles): 94,926 Total area (sq. miles): 45,745 Languages: Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Portuguese Languages: Wolof, French, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka Languages: Swahili, Kiunguja, English, Arabic
Total population: 77,505,756 Total population: 9,467,866 Total population: 12,158,924 Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, cashew nuts, Farming (top 5 products): Peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum
Capital city: Cairo Capital city: Conakry Capital city: Lilongwe sugar cane, tea, cassava Natural resources: Fish, phosphates, iron ore Natural resources (top 5): Hydro-electric power, tin, phosphates,
Natural resources (top 5): Coal, titanium, natural gas, hydroelectric iron ore, coal
Currency: Egyptian pound (EGP) Currency: Guinean franc (GNF) Currency: Malawian Kwacha (MWK)
power, tantalum SEYCHELLES
Languages: Arabic, English, French Languages: French Languages: Chichewa, Chinyanja, Chiyao, Chitumbuka
Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans Farming (top 5 products): Rice, coffee, pineapples, Farming (top 5 products): Tobacco, sugar cane, cotton, tea, corn Total area (sq. miles): 176 TOGO
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, palm kernels, cassava Natural resources: Limestone, hydroelectric power NAMIBIA Total population: 81,188 Total area (sq. miles): 21,925
manganese Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium Total area (sq. miles): 318,696 Capital city: Victoria Total population: 5,681,519
Total population: 2,030,692 Currency: Seychelles rupee (SCR) Capital city: Lome
MALI
Capital city: Windhoek Languages: Creole, English Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF)
EQUATORIAL GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU Total area (sq. miles): 478,767
Currency: Namibian dollar (NAD), South African rand (ZAR) Farming (top 5 products): Coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, Languages: Mina, Ewe, Kabye, Dagomba, French
Total area (sq. miles): 10,831 Total area (sq. miles): 13,946 Total population: 12,291,529
Languages: English, Afrikaans, German, indigenous languages sweet potatoes, cassava Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava
Total population: 535,881 Total population: 1,416,027 Capital city: Bamako
Farming: Millet, sorghum, peanuts, livestock Natural resources: Fish, copra, cinnamon trees Natural resources: Phosphates, limestone, marble
Capital city: Malabo Capital city: Bissau Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF)
Natural resources (top 5): Diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Languages: Bambara, Fulani, Songhai, French
Languages: Spanish, French Languages: Crioulo, Balante, Pulaar, Mandjak, Mandinka, Portuguese Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables SIERRA LEONE TUNISIA
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava Farming (top 5 products): Rice, corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts Natural resources (top 5): Gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone NIGER Total area (sq. miles): 27,699 Total area (sq. miles): 63,170
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite Natural resources (top 5): Fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay Total area (sq. miles): 489,191 Total population: 6,017,643 Total population: 10,074,951
Total population: 11,665,937 Capital city: Freetown Capital city: Tunis
MAURITANIA
Capital city: Niamey Currency: Leone (SLL) Currency: Tunisian dinar (TND)
ERITREA KENYA Total area (sq. miles): 937,955
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF) Languages: Mende, Temne, Krio, English Languages: Arabic, French
Total area (sq. miles): 48,842 Total area (sq. miles): 224,962 Total population: 3,086,859
Languages: French, Hausa, Djerma Farming (top 5 products): Rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil Farming (top 5 products): Olives, olive oil, grain,
Total population: 4,561,599 Total population: 33,829,590 Capital city: Nouakchott
Farming (top 5 products): Peas (for cattle feed), cotton, peanuts, Natural resources (top 5): Diamonds, titanium, bauxite, iron ore, gold dairy products, tomatoes
Capital city: Asmara Capital city: Nairobi Currency: Ouguiya (MRO)
millet, sorghum Natural resources (top 5): Oil, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc
Currency: Nafka (ERN) Currency: Kenyan shilling (KES) Languages: Arabic, Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof
Natural resources (top 5): Uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates
Languages: Afar, Arabic, Tigre, Kuname, Tigrinya Languages: Swahili, English, Bantu Farming (top 5 products): Dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn SOMALIA
Farming (top 5 products): Sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton Farming (top 5 products): Tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugar cane Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, Total area (sq. miles): 246,201 UGANDA
Natural resources (top 5): Gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt Natural resources (top 5): Limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar diamonds NIGERIA Total population: 8,591,629 Total area (sq. miles): 91,136
Total area (sq. miles): 356,669 Capital city: Mogadishu Total population: 27,269,482
Total population: 128,771,988 Currency: Somali shilling (SOS) Capital city: Kampala
ETHIOPIA LESOTHO MAURITIUS
Capital city: Abuja Languages: Somali, Arabic, English Currency: Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Total area (sq. miles): 435,186 Total area (sq. miles): 11,720 Total area (sq. miles): 788
Currency: Naira (NGN) Farming (top 5 products): Livestock, bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts Languages: Luganda, English, Swahili
Total population: 75,053,286 Total population: 1,867,035 Total population: 1,230,602
Languages: Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, English, Fulani Natural resources: Uranium; unexploited resources, including iron ore, Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava
Capital city: Addis Ababa Capital city: Maseru Capital city: Port Louis
Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice tin, gypsum, bauxite, and copper Natural resources (top 5): Copper, cobalt, hydroelectric power,
Currency: Birr (ETB) Currency: Loti (LSL), South African rand (ZAR) Currency: Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, oil, tin, iron ore, coal limestone, salt
Languages: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic Languages: Sesotho, English, Zulu, Xhosa Languages: Creole, Bhojpuri, French
Farming (top 5 products): Cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugar cane Farming (top 5 products): Corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas SOUTH AFRICA
Natural resources (top 5): Gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas Natural resources: Diamonds, sand, clay, building stone Natural resources: Fish REUNION Total area (sq. miles): 471,000 ZAMBIA
Total area (sq. miles): 972 Total population: 44,344,136 Total area (sq. miles): 290,586
Total population: 776,948 Capital city: Pretoria Total population: 11,261,795
GABON LIBERIA MAYOTTE
Capital city: Saint-Denis Currency: Rand (ZAR) Capital city: Lusaka
Total area (sq. miles): 103,347 Total area (sq. miles): 43,000 Total area (sq. miles): 144
Currency: Euro (EUR) Languages: IsiZulu, IsiXhosa, Afrikaans, Sepedi, English Currency: Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Total population: 1,389,201 Total population: 3,482,211 Total population: 193,633
Languages: French, Creole Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, potatoes Languages: Bemba, Tonga, Nyanja, around 70 indigenous languages,
Capital city: Libreville Capital city: Monrovia Capital city: Mamoutzou
Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, vanilla, tobacco, Natural resources (top 5): Gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore English
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF) Currency: Liberian dollar (LRD) Currency: Euro (EUR)
tropical fruits, vegetables Farming (top 5 products): Corn, sorghum, rice,
Languages: French, Fang, Myene, Nzebi Languages: Kpelle, English, Bassa Languages: Mahorian, French
Natural resources: Fish, hydroelectric power peanuts, sunflower seeds
Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, coffee, sugar cane, palm oil, rubber Farming (top 5 products): Rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava Farming: Vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra SUDAN
Status: French overseas territory Natural resources (top 5): Copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, Natural resources: Limited natural resources Total area (sq. miles): 967,499
hydroelectric power Status: French overseas territory Total population: 40,187,486
RWANDA Capital city: Khartoum ZIMBABWE
GAMBIA (THE) Total area (sq. miles): 10,169 Total area (sq. miles): 150,804
Currency: Sudanese dinar (SDD)
Total area (sq. miles): 4,363 LIBYA MOROCCO Total population: 12,746,990
Total population: 8,440,820 Languages: Arabic, English
Total population: 1,593,256 Total area (sq. miles): 679,362 Total area (sq. miles): 172,414
Capital city: Kigali Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, groundnuts, sorghum, millet, wheat Capital city: Harare
Capital city: Banjul Total population: 5,599,053 Total population: 32,725,847
Currency: Rwandan franc (RWF) Natural resources (top 5): Oil, small reserves of iron ore, copper, Currency: Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
Currency: Dalasi (GMD) Capital city: Tripoli Capital city: Rabat
Languages: Kinyarwanda, French, English, Kiswahili chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, and gold Languages: Shona, Ndebele, English
Languages: English, Mandinka, Wolof Currency: Libyan dinar (LYD) Currency: Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, tea, pyrethrum, bananas, beans Farming (top 5 products): Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee
Farming (top 5 products): Rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn Languages: Arabic, Italian, English Languages: Arabic, Berber dialects, French
Natural resources (top 5): Gold, tin ore, tungsten ore, methane; Natural resources (top 5): Coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel
Natural resources (top 5): Fish, titanium, tin, zircon, silica sand Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits Farming (top 5 products): Barley, wheat, citrus fruits, SWAZILAND
hydroelectric power Total area (sq. miles): 6,704
Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, gypsum grapes for wine, vegetables
Natural resources (top 5): Phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead; zinc Total population: 1,173,900
GHANA SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Capital city: Mbabane/Lobamba
Total area (sq. miles): 92,456 MADAGASCAR Total area (sq. miles): 386 Currency: Lilangeni (SZL)
Total population: 21,029,853 Total area (sq. miles): 226,657
Total population: 187,410 Languages: English, siSwati
Capital city: Accra Total population: 18,040,341
Capital city: Sao Tome Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice
Currency: Cedi (GHC) Capital city: Antananarivo
Currency: Dobra (STD) Natural resources (top 5): Asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite,
Languages: Twi, Fante, Ga, Hausa, Dagbani, English Currency: Malagasy franc (MGF)
Languages: Portuguese hydroelectric power
Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts Languages: French, Malagasy
Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra,
Natural resources (top 5): Gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, vanilla, sugar cane, cloves, cocoa See the GLOSSARY for words and terms
See the GLOSSARY for words and terms cinnamon
manganese Natural resources (top 5): Graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt Natural resources: Fish, hydroelectric power used in these FACTFILES.
used in these FACTFILES.
34 35
EUROPE
P E O P L E
FACTFILE EUROPE POLITICAL MAP OF EUROPE
E
Total population:
urasia is one giant landmass, comprising
800,000,000 (includes total the continents of Europe and Asia. The
population of the Russian
Federation) vast Russian Federations capital,
Highest population: Moscow, is in Europe, but the country spreads for
Russian Federation 143,420,309 thousands of miles across northern Asia. The
Lowest population: landscapes of Europe vary from frozen regions in
Vatican City 921
the Arctic Circle to hot countries that border the
Most populous city:
Moscow, Russia Mediterranean Sea. There are few remaining
10,672,000 residents wilderness areas in Europe, and the continent is The giant Rock of Gibraltar
Life expectancy: towers over the Strait of
crossed by railways and roads joining large towns Gibraltar that links the Atlantic
Male: 73 years
Female: 80 years and cities. Ocean and the Mediterranean
Sea. The rock is 1,398 feet high.
Turkey: 41 deaths per 1,000 births

HIGHEST MOUNTAINS (BY COUNTRY) FAST FACTS
definitions of LIFE EXPECTANCY NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) Vatican City is the smallest
and INFANT MORTALITY RATE.
Elbrus Russia 18,510* country in the world. It covers
Average annual income Mont Blanc France/Italy 15,774 an area of just 109 acres in the
per person (in USD): Monte Rosa Italy/Switzerland 15,203 centre of Rome. Vatican City is
Highest: Luxembourg $58,900
Matterhorn Italy 14,692 the headquarters of the Roman
Lowest: Moldova $1,900
* Elbrus is the highest mountain in Europe. Catholic Church.
LONGEST RIVERS Large parts of the Netherlands

G E O G R A P H Y NAME RIVER MOUTH LENGTH (miles) were once part of the North
FACTFILE Volga Caspian Sea 2,299 Sea. Long embankments, called
Danube Black Sea 1,771 dykes, have been built to hold
Total land area:
3,843,000 square miles Ural Caspian Sea 1,575 back the ocean and parts of the
(including European Russia) coast have been reclaimed and
Dnieper Black Sea 1,420
Largest country in Europe:
pumped dry. These areas are
called polders.
European Russia: LARGEST ISLANDS
1,658,068 square miles
Russia spans the continents of
NAME AREA (sq miles) The city of Venice, Italy is made
Europe and Asia with its total area
divided between both. Great Britain (mainland) North Sea/Altlantic Ocean 88,757 up of 117 small islands of land
that were built hundreds of
Iceland Atlantic Ocean 39,769
Smallest country: years ago on salt marshes. The
Vatican City: 0.17 square miles Ireland Atlantic Ocean 27,135
islands are joined to each other
There are no deserts in Europe by 409 bridges. There are 150
channels stretch far inland from the
Fjords can be very deep. San Fjord,

Largest lake:
OIL CONSUMPTION seawater canals running
A boat travels through one of the

ASIA
sea snaking between high cliffs.

Lake Baykal, Russia between the islands. Workers,
in Norway, is 4,291 feet at its

Norwegian Fjords. These long
11,969 square miles The amount of oil produced, TOP 5 CONSUMERS OF OIL
bought and sold, and used in the residents, and visitors travel
Highest waterfall:
(USAGE PER DAY)
around the city by boat.
Arctic Circle
world is measured in barrels. A
EUROPE
AFRICA
Utigard, Norway
Total drop: 2,625 feet barrel is equivalent to 42 gallons. Germany 2,891,000 barrels
Russia 2,310,000 barrels The coast of the United Kingdom
deepest point.
See page 44 SIBERIA. Russia is Europes largest producer France 2,026,000 barrels has so many indents that no
Tropic of
Cancer
See page 41 of oil8,420,000 barrels per day Italy 1,866,000 barrels point in the UK is more than 70
EUROPE FACTFILES UK 1,692,000 barrels miles from the sea.
36 37
EUROPE
PHYSICAL MAP OF EUROPE PHYSICALMAP
PHYSICAL MAPOFOFEUROPE
EUROPE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A A
B B
C C
D D
E
W E E
S
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
N N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
38 39
EUROPE EUROPE
HABITATS THE EUROPEAN UNION
The European Union (EU) is
an organization set up to allow
Economic Community (EEC) with the
aim of abolishing tariffs and trading
restrictions between members. The
EUROPE FACTFILES
European countries to support countries were Belgium, France, Germany,
each other. Italy, Luxembourg ,and the Netherlands. used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of
This map shows the different
WHAT DOES THE EU DO? THE EU importance to the countrys economy); natural resources (of commercial importance); and a countrys status if it is not independent.
types of habitats across The EU has set up laws that help More European countries joined the
the continent. member countries trade easily, allow group and in 1992, the organization
EU workers to work in any other EU became the EU. Member states
country without permits or visas, and agreed to work together in many
protect EU workers. areas including defence, foreign ALBANIA BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA DENMARK
policy, and social policies. Total area (sq miles): 19,741 Total area (sq miles): 16,639
THE EEC Total area (sq. miles): 11,100
The organization began in 1957. Six Today, 25 European countries are Total population: 3,563,112 Total population: 4,025,476 Total population: 5,432,335
European countries formed the European members of the European Union. Capital city: Tirana Capital city: Sarajevo Capital city: Copenhagen
Currency: Lek (ALL) Currency: Marka (BAM) Currency: Danish krone (DKK)
EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERS Languages: Albanian, Greek, Vlach Languages: Bosnian; Croatian; Serbian Languages: Danish; Faroese;
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruit Farming (top 5 products): Wheat; corn; fruits; vegetables; livestock Greenlandic; German
The 25 EU member states and the year they joined the Union: Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite Natural resources (top 5): Coal; iron ore; bauxite; copper; lead Farming (top 5 products): Barley; wheat; potatoes; sugar beets; pigs
Belgium 1957 Greece 1981 Poland 2004 Natural resources (top 5): Oil; natural gas; fish; salt; limestone
France 1957 Spain 1986 Czech Republic 2004 ANDORRA BULGARIA
Germany 1957 Portugal 1986 Slovakia 2004 Total area (sq. miles): 181 Total area (sq. miles): 42,823 ESTONIA
Italy 1957 Austria 1995 Hungary 2004 Total population: 70,549 Total population: 7,450,349 Total area (sq. miles): 17,462
KEY Luxembourg 1957 Finland 1995 Slovenia 2004 Capital city: Andorra la Vella Capital city: Sofia Total population: 1,332,893
The Netherlands 1957 Sweden 1995 Malta 2004 Currency: Euro (EUR) Capital city: Tallinn
Ice and snow Forest Currency: Lev (BGL)
Denmark 1973 Estonia 2004 Cyprus 2004 Languages: Catalan, French, Castilian, Portuguese Currency: Estonian kroon (EEK)
Tundra Grassland Languages: Bulgarian, Turkish, Roma
Ireland 1973 Latvia 2004 Farming (top 5 products): Rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables
Semidesert Farming (top 5 products): Vegetables, fruits, tobacco, Languages: Estonian, Russian
Mountains/barren land Natural resources (top 5): Hydroelectric power, mineral water, timber,
Desert United Kingdom 1973 Lithuania 2004 livestock, grapes for wine Farming: Potatoes, vegetables,
iron ore, lead
Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal livestock, dairy products
EU FLAG AND THE EURO Natural resources (top 5): Oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone
AUSTRIA
Total population of 25 EU CROATIA
LAND USE member states:
Total area (sq. miles): 21,831 FAROE ISLANDS
Total population: 4,495,904 Total area (sq. miles): 540
Capital city: Vienna
Forest, including trees 457,000,000 Capital city: Zagreb Total population: 49,962
Currency: Euro (EUR)
grown for timber Total area of EU zone: Languages: German, Slovene, Currency: Kuna (HRK) Capital city: Caracas
Permanent pasture Croatian, Hungarian Languages: Croatian, Serbian Currency: Danish krone (DKK)
1,535,286 square miles Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn, sugar beets, Languages: Faroese, Danish
Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, potatoes,
Permanent crops, 32.5% The European Union flag has The Euro was launched as a unit of sugar beets, grapes for wine, fruit sunflower seeds, barley Farming (top 5 products): Milk, potatoes, vegetables, sheep, salmon
such as fruit trees or 46%
12 stars for the 12 countries exchange throughout the European Natural resources (top 5): Oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore Natural resources (top 5): Oil, coal, bauxite, iron ore, calcium Natural resources: Fish, whales, hydroelectric power
grapevines that were members when Status: Self-governing Danish territory
Union on January 1, 1999.
Arable crops, such as the EU was named in 1992. BELARUS CYPRUS
wheat and rice, that are 12.8% The euro is used as currency by 12 EU Total area (sq. miles): 80,155 FINLAND
replanted each year EU member countries countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, Total population: 10,300,483
8% Total population: 780,133 Total area (sq. miles): 130,559
have an EU FLAG in the
Other roads, towns France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Capital city: Minsk Capital city: Nicosia Total population: 5,223,442
EUROPE FACTFILES Currency: Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
and barren land 0.7% which begin on page 41. Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Currency: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish lira (TRL) Capital city: Helsinki
Languages: Belarusian, Russian Currency: Euro (EUR)
Portugal, and Spain. Languages: Greek, Turkish, English
Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, potatoes, vegetables, Languages: Finnish, Swedish
Farming (top 5 products): Citrus fruits,
sugar beets, flax Farming (top 5 products): Barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, cattle
vegetables, barley, grapes, olives
Natural resources (top 5): Timber; peat; small quantities oil and natural
CLIMATE: EUROPE gas; granite; limestone
Natural resources (top 5): Copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber Natural resources (top 5): Timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc
TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY TEMPERATURES IN JULY

KEY LE LE
CZECH REPUBLIC FRANCE
CI
R
C
CI
R
C
BELGIUM Total area (sq. miles): 211,209
IC IC
Total area (sq, miles): 11,787 Total area (sq. miles): 30,450
over 90 F AR
CT
AR
CT
Total population: 10,364,388 Total population: 10,241,138
75 to 90 F Capital city: Prague Capital city: Paris
Capital city: Brussels
Currency: Czech koruna (CZK) Currency: Euro (EUR)
60 to 75 F Currency: Euro (EUR)
Languages: Czech Languages: French
Languages: Dutch, French, German
45 to 60 F Farming (top 5 products): Sugar beets, Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, potatoes, Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, cereal crops,
vegetables, fruits, cereal crops, tobacco sugar beets, hops, fruit sugar beets, potatoes, grapes for wine
30 to 45 F Natural resources (top 5): Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium
Natural resources: Construction materials, silica sand, carbonates Natural resources (top 5): Coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
15 to 30 F
0 to 15 F
-10 to 0 F
below -10 F
40 41
EUROPE
EUROPE Factfiles NETHERLANDS
SAN MARINO
SWITZERLAND
Capital city: Amsterdam Capital city: San Marino Capital city: Bern
Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Swiss franc (CHF)
GERMANY IRELAND LITHUANIA
Total area (sq. miles): 137,847 Total area (sq. miles): 27,135 Languages: Dutch; Frisian Languages: Italian Languages: German; French, Italian
Total population: 82,431,390 Total population: 4,015,676 Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, fruit, vegetables, livestock, eggs
Total population: 3,596,617 Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, grapes, corn, olives, livestock
Capital city: Berlin Capital city: Dublin Natural resources: Hydroelectric power potential, timber, salt
Capital city: Vilnius potatoes, sugar beets, fruit, vegetables Natural resources: Stone for construction
Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Euro (EUR) Currency: Litas (LTL) Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, oil, peat, limestone, salt
Languages: German Languages: English, Irish (Gaelic/Gaeilge) Languages: Lithuanian, Russian TURKEY
Farming (top 5 products): Potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit Farming (top 5 products): Turnips, barley, Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, SERBIA MONTENEGRO Total area (sq. miles): 301,384
Natural resources (top 5): Coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper potatoes, sugar beets, wheat
NORWAY Total area (sq. miles): 39,518
potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables Total population: 69,660,559
Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc Total population: 10,829,175 Capital city: Ankara
Natural resources: Peat, arable land Total population: 4,593,041
Capital city: Belgrade Currency: New Turkish lira (YTL)
GIBRALTAR Capital city: Oslo
Total area (sq. miles): 2.5 ISLE OF MAN Currency: Yugoslav dinar (YUM), Euro (EUR) Languages: Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
LUXEMBOURG Currency: Norwegian krone (NOK)
Languages: Serbian, Albanian Farming (top 5 products): Tobacco, cotton, cereals, olives, sugar beets
Total population: 27,884 Total area (sq. miles): 998
Total population: 75,049 Languages: Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian, small Sami Natural resources (top 5): Coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony
Capital city: Gibraltar Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, potatoes
Total population: 468,571 and Finnish-speaking minorities
Currency: Gibraltar pound (GIP) Capital city: Douglas Natural resources (top 5): Oil, gas, coal, iron ore, bauxite
Currency: British pound (GBP) Capital city: Luxembourg Farming (top 5 products): Barley, wheat, potatoes, livestock, milk
Languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese UKRAINE
Languages: English, Manx Gaelic Currency: Euro (EUR) Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead
Farming: No farming Total area (sq. miles): 233,090
Farming: Cereal crops, vegetables, livestock, poultry Languages: Luxembourgish, German, French SLOVAKIA
Natural resources: No natural resources Total population: 47,425,336
Natural resources: No natural resources Farming (top 5 products): Barley, oats, POLAND Total area (sq. miles): 18,859
Status: United Kingdom overseas territory Capital city: Kiev
Status: United Kingdom Crown Dependency potatoes, wheat, fruit Total area (sq. miles): 120,728 Total population: 5,431,363
Natural resources: Arable land Currency: Hryvnia (UAH)
Total population: 38,635,144 Capital city: Bratislava
GREECE Languages: Ukrainian, Russian
Total area (sq. miles): 50,942 ITALY Capital city: Warsaw Currency: Slovak koruna (SKK) Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, sugar beets, sunflower seeds,
Total population: 10,668,354 Total area (sq. miles): 116,306 MACEDONIA Currency: Zloty (PLN) Languages: Slovak; Hungarian vegetables, cattle
Capital city: Athens Total population: 58,103,033 Total area (sq. miles): 9781 Languages: Polish Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil
Currency: Euro (EUR) Capital city: Rome Total population: 2,045,262 Farming (top 5 products): Potatoes, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit
Languages: Greek Currency: Euro (EUR) Capital city: Skopje vegetables, wheat, poultry Natural resources (top 5): Coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, manganese
Languages: Italian Currency: Macedonian denar (MKD)
UNITED KINGDOM
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn, Natural resources (top 5): Coal, sulphur, copper, natural gas, silver Total area (sq. miles): 94,526
barley, sugar beets, olives Farming (top 5 products): Fruit, vegetables, Languages: Macedonian, Albanian
grapes for wine, potatoes, sugar beets SLOVENIA Total population: 60,441,457
Natural resources (top 5): Lignite, oil, iron ore, bauxite, lead Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, grapes, rice, tobacco, corn
Natural resources (top 5): Coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble Capital city: London
Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite PORTUGAL Total area (sq. miles): 7827
Currency: British pound (GBP)
Total area (sq. miles): 35,672 Total population: 2,011,070
GUERNSEY Languages: English
Total area (sq. miles): 30 JERSEY MALTA
Total population: 10,566,212 Capital city: Ljubljana
Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops,
Total area (sq. miles): 45 Capital city: Lisbon Currency: Tolar (SIT)
Total population: 65,228 Total area (sq. miles): 122 oilseed, potatoes, vegetables, livestock
Total population: 90,812 Currency: Euro (EUR) Languages: Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian
Capital city: Saint Peter Port Total population: 398,534 Natural resources (top 5): Coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, lead
Capital city: Saint Helier Languages: Portuguese, Mirandese Farming (top 5 products): Potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn
Currency: British pound (GBP) Capital city: Valletta
Currency: British pound (GBP) Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, Natural resources (top 5): Lignite, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium
Languages: English, French Currency: Maltese lira (MTL)
Languages: English potatoes, olives, grapes, livestock VATICAN CITY
Farming (top 5 products): Tomatoes, cut flowers, sweet peppers, Languages: Maltese, English
Farming (top 5 products): Potatoes, cauliflower, Total area (sq. miles): 0.17
aubergines, fruit Farming (top 5 products): Potatoes, Natural resources (top 5): Fish, cork forests, iron ore, copper, zinc
tomatoes, cattle, dairy products SPAIN Total population: 921
Natural resources: Arable land cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley
Natural resources: Arable land Total area (sq. miles): 194,897 Capital city: Vatican City
Status: United Kingdom Crown Dependency Natural resources: Limestone, salt, arable land ROMANIA
Status: United Kingdom Crown Dependency Total population: 40,341,462 Currency: Euro (EUR)
Total area (sq. miles): 91,699 Languages: Italian, Latin
Capital city: Madrid
HUNGARY LATVIA MOLDOVA Total population: 22,329,977
Currency: Euro (EUR)
Farming: No farming
Total area (sq. miles): 35,919 Total area (sq. miles): 24,938 Total area (sq. miles): 13,067 Capital city: Bucharest Natural resources: No natural resources
Total population: 10,006,835 Languages: Castilian Spanish, Catalan,
Total population: 2,290,237 Total population: 4,455,421 Currency: Leu (ROL)
Capital city: Budapest Galician, Basque
Capital city: Riga Capital city: Chisinau Languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German
Currency: Forint (HUF) Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops,
Currency: Latvian lat (LVL) Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL) Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn, barley,
Languages: Hungarian vegetables, olives, grapes for wine, sugar beets
Languages: Latvian, Russian Languages: Moldovan, Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) sugar beets, sunflower seeds
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, corn, Natural resources (top 5): Coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead
Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, Farming (top 5 products): Vegetables, fruit, grapes for wine, cereal Natural resources (top 5): Oil, timber, natural gas, coa, iron ore
sunflower seeds, potatoes, sugar beets sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables, livestock crops, sugar beets
Natural resources: Bauxite, coal, natural gas Natural resources (top 5): Peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, Natural resources: Lignite, phosphorites, gypsum SWEDEN
hydroelectric power RUSSIAN FEDERATION Total area (sq. miles): 173,732
ICELAND Total area (sq. miles): 6,592,772
MONACO Total population: 9,001,774
Total area (sq. miles): 39,769 LIECHTENSTEIN Total population: 143,420,309
Total area (sq. miles): 0.75 Capital city: Stockholm
Total population: 296,737 Total area (sq. miles): 62 Capital city: Moscow
Total population: 32,409 Currency: Swedish krona (SEK)
Capital city: Reykjavik Total population: 33,717 Currency: Russian ruble (RUR)
Currency: Icelandic krona (ISK) Capital city: Monaco Languages: Swedish, small Sami and
Capital city: Vaduz Languages: Russian
Languages: Icelandic, English Currency: Euro (EUR) Finnish-speaking minorities
Currency: Swiss franc (CHF) Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops,
Farming: Potatoes, vegetables, sheep, dairy products Languages: German Languages: French, English, Italian, Monegasque Farming (top 5 products): Barley, wheat,
sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, fruit
Natural resources: Fish, hydroelectric power, Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, livestock Farming: No farming sugar beets, livestock, milk
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, coal, many minerals, timber
geothermal power Natural resources: hydroelectric power potential, arable land Natural resources: No natural resources Natural resources (top 5): Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold The Alps mountain range stretches from
France, through Switzerland, Liechtenstein,
and Italy, to Austria and Slovenia. The range
is 750 miles long with a width of 125 miles
See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES. See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES. at its widest sections.
42
43
ASIA
P E O P L E
FACTFILE ASIA POLITICAL MAP OF ASIA
Kuwait is a desert country with
no rivers or lakes. Sea water is
Arctic Circle
A
Total population:
sia is the worlds largest continent, and it processed for drinking and stored
ASIA
3,840,000,000 includes many vast countries with huge in huge water towers.
Highest population: populations, such as China, India, and AFRICA

China 1,306,313,812
the Russian Federation. The landscape includes A R C T I C
Lowest population: The Equator
Maldives 349,106 Arctic tundra, tropical rainforests, and the worlds O C E A N
Most populous city in Asia highest mountains, the Himalayas. Rice is Asias Zemlya Novosibirskiye
Frantsa Iosifa Severnaya Ostrova Bering
and the world: most important food crop, and paddy fields can be Barents
Zemlya
mlya Sea
Tokyo, Japan Sea ya Ze
35,327,000 seen dotted across Southeast Asiaone fifth of a
v
No
Life expectancy: the worlds rice is grown in this part of Asia. A worldwide symbol of
Male: 67 years conservation, Chinas Giant
Female: 72 years Panda lives in the mountainous
Highest infant mortality rate: forests of southwestern China. R U S S I A N
Afghanistan: HIGHEST MOUNTAINS (BY COUNTRY)
163 deaths per 1,000 births
See page 10 WORLDS 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAINS for
OIL CONSUMPTION Bl
F E D E R A T I O N
ac
information on Asias highest mountains. k
See the GLOSSARY for The amount of oil produced, Se
a
definitions of LIFE EXPECTANCY bought and sold, and used in T URKEY
and INFANT MORTALITY RATE. NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) GEORGIA KAZAKHSTAN
ea
the world is measured in barrels. CYPRUS
Aral Sea of
C a s p ia n S
Qullai Ismoili Somoni Tajikistan 24,590 LEBANON
ARMENIA
Sea Japan
Average annual income A barrel is equivalent AZERBAIJAN MONGOLIA NORTH
Damavand Iran 18,386 GAZA SYRIA
to 42 gallons. UZBEKISTAN KOREA JAPAN
per person (in USD): WEST BANK
JORDAN
Highest: Hong Kong $34,200 Punkak Jaya Indonesia 16,503 ISRAEL IRAQ TURKMENISTAN KYRGYZSTAN
SOUTH
KOREA
Lowest: East Timor $400 Kinabalu Borneo, Malaysia 13,432 Yellow
Saudi Arabia is the worlds I R A N TAJIKISTAN Sea
Fuji San Japan 12,388 largest producer of oil KUWAIT
AFGHANISTAN East
SAUDI China
G E O G R A P H Y 9,021,000 barrels each day. C H I N A
R e d
ARABIA Sea
LARGEST LAKES QATAR
FACTFILE BAHRAIN UNITED ARAB
PA K I S TA N
NE PACIFIC
NAME LOCATION AREA (sq. miles) 25% of the worlds proven oil EMIRATES PA
L
S e a
TAIWAN
BHUTAN
Caspian Sea Asia 143,244*
Total land area: reserves are in Saudi Arabia. YEMEN
OMAN OCEAN
P h
BANGLADESH
17,177,000 square miles Aral Sea Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan 11,076 INDIA
il
MYANMAR South
(including Asian Russia) Arabian L A
ip
(BURMA)
Lake Balqash Kazakhstan 7,143 TOP 5 CONSUMERS OF OIL O China
pi
Largest countries: Sea Bay of Sea
S
Ysyk Kol Kyrgyzstan 2,394 THAILAND
ne
Asian Russia: IN ASIA Bengal PHILIPPINES
CAMBODIA VIETNAM
Se
4,934,704 square miles * The Caspian Sea is the worlds largest lake. (USAGE PER DAY)
a
China: 3,705,407 square miles
I N D I A N Celebes
Smallest country: LARGEST ISLANDS SRI LANKA BRUNEI
Sea
Macau: 9.8 square miles Japan 5,290,000 barrels O C E A N M A L AY S I A I N D O N E S I A
NAME LOCATION AREA (sq miles)
Highest mountain in Asia and China 4,956,000 barrels MALDIVES BORNEO
Borneo Southeast Asia 287,399 SINGAPORE
the world: India 2,130,000 barrels E SUMATRA
Mt. Everest, China/Nepal Sumatra Indonesia 182,858 A

29,035 feet
South Korea 2,070,000 barrels S JAVA
EAST TIMOR
Honshu Japan 87,992 T
E
S
Saudi Arabia 1,550,000 barrels I N D I
Longest river:
Yangtze: 3,964 miles
See page 10 WORLDS 10 LONGEST RIVERS
Largest dessert:
This image of the Himalayas mountain range in Asia was taken
Arabian Desert, Arabian Peninsula
900,000 square miles SIBERIA from the International Space Station. The Himalayas are the
highest mountains in the world. There are more than 110 peaks
Highest waterfall: The Russian Federation covers plains, tundra regions and taiga the world. The 5,778-mile journey over 24,000 feet in the Himalayas range, which include the worlds
Jog Falls, India
around 11% of the Earths surface. forests of Siberia. from Moscow to Vladivostok (on ten highest mountains.
Total drop: 830 feet
the Pacific coast) takes around
Over 5 million square miles of the The Trans-Siberian railway is the eight days. See page 10 WORLDS 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAKS
See page 49
ASIA FACTFILES country form the great barren longest stretch of railway track in
44 45
ASIA
PHYSICAL MAP OF ASIA PHYSICAL MAP OF ASIA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A N A
W E
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J Land heights Sea depths J

Feet Feet
26,200 1,600
23,000 3,300
19,700 6,600
16,400 13,100
K K
13,100 16,400
9,800 19,700
6,600 23,200
3,300
1,600
L L
700
0
M M
N N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
46 47
ASIA
This map shows the different types

of habitats across the continent.
HABITATS CLIMATE: ASIA
TEMPERATURES IN JANUARY KEY
over 90 F
ASIA FACTFILES
75 to 90 F Each country-by-country factfile contains: total area of the country in square miles; total population; name of the capital city; the main currency
ARCTIC CIRC LE 60 to 75 F used in the country; main languages spoken (listed in order of number of speakers); top five farming products produced (listed in order of
45 to 60 F
30 to 45 F
15 to 30 F AFGHANISTAN BRUNEI GEORGIA
0 to 15 F Total area (sq. miles): 250,000 Total area (sq. miles): 2,228 Total area (sq. miles): 26,911
Total population: 29,928,987 Total population: 372,361 Total population: 4,677,401
-10 to 0 F Capital city: Kabul Capital city: Bandar Seri Begawan Capital city: Tbilisi
below -10 F Currency: Afghani (AFA) Currency: Bruneian dollar (BND) Currency: Lari (GEL)
KEY Languages: Afghan Persian or Dari, Pashtu Languages: Malay, English, Chinese Languages: Georgian, Russian, Armenian
Farming (top 5 products): Opium, wheat, fruit, nuts, sheep Farming (top 5 products): Rice, vegetables, fruit, chickens, Farming (top 5 products): Citrus fruits, grapes, tea, hazelnuts,
Ice and snow Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, oil, coal, copper, chromite
THE EQUATOR water buffalo vegetables
Tundra
Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, timber Natural resources (top 5): Timber, hydroelectric power, manganese,
Mountains/barren land
TEMPERATURES IN JULY ARMENIA iron ore, copper
Forest Total area (sq. miles): 11,506
The main area of rainforest
Grassland Total population: 2,982,904 CAMBODIA
in southeast Asia spreads
Semidesert Capital city: Yerevan Total area (sq. miles): 69,900 HONG KONG
down the mainland of
Desert Currency: Dram (AMD) Total population: 13,607,069 Total area (sq. miles): 422
Malaysia to Indonesia.
Languages: Armenian, Yezidi Capital city: Phnom Penh Total population: 6,898,686
ARCTIC CIRCLE
Farming: Fruit (especially grapes), vegetables, livestock Currency: Riel (KHR) Capital city: Hong Kong
Natural resources (top 5): Gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina Languages: Khmer, French, English Currency: Hong Kong dollar (HKD)
THE ASIAN RAINFOREST One of the wettest Farming (top 5 products): Rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashew nuts Languages: Chinese, English
places in the world Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore Farming: Vegetables, poultry
In just one 10-hectare plot of AZERBAIJAN
is Mawsynram, Natural resources: Deepwater harbor, feldspar
Malaysian rainforest, scientists India. Nearly 40 feet Total population: 7,911,974 CHINA
Status: Semi-autonomous territory of China
found 780 different species of of rain falls here Capital city: Baki Total area (sq. miles): 3,705,407
every year. Currency: Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
trees. However, Asian rainforests Total population: 1,306,313,812 INDIA
Languages: Azerbaijani, Russian, Armenian Capital city: Beijing Total area (sq. miles): 1,269,346
are being destroyed fast. Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, cereal crops, rice, grapes, fruit Currency: Yuan (CNY) Total population: 1,080,264,388
Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, metals (including iron)
Languages: Mandarin Chinese Capital city: New Delhi
Around 25% of bird species and THE EQ
UATOR Farming (top 5 products): Rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts Currency: Indian rupee (INR)
50% of all mammal species, BAHRAIN Natural resources (top 5): Coal, iron ore, oil, natural gas, mercury Languages: English, Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi,
including the orangutan, will In the Tanjung Puting Park in Total area (sq. miles): 257 Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati
become extinct by 2020 if Borneo, 6,000 orangutans live in
Total population: 453,237 Farming (top 5 products): Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute
FAST FACTS Capital city: Manama EAST TIMOR
deforestation continues. a protected zone, along with 220 Total area (sq. miles): 5,794
Natural resources (top 5): Coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite
Currency: Bahraini dinar (BHD)
species of birds, 600 species of Total population: 1,040,880
There are only 20,000 Indonesia is the largest The Dead Sea is a landlocked salt Languages: Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
trees and 200 species of orchid. Farming: Fruit, vegetables, poultry, dairy products Capital city: Dili INDONESIA
orangutans left living in the wild. archipelago, or island chain, in lake between Israel and Jordan. Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, fish, pearls Currency: US dollar (USD) Total area (sq. miles): 741,100
They live in Sumatra and Borneo. the world. It stretches for 3,480 The Dead Sea is 1339 feet below Languages: Tetum, Portuguese, Indonesian, English Total population: 241,973,879
miles from the Indian Ocean to sea level and is the lowest body BANGLADESH
Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes Capital city: Jakarta
See page 24 AMAZON RAINFOREST FACTS the Pacific Ocean and is made up of water on Earth. Natural resources (top 5): Gold, oil, natural gas, manganese, marble Currency: Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
See page 32 HABITATS AND PROTECTING AFRICAS RAINFOREST Languages: Bahasa Indonesia, English, Dutch, Javanese
of 13,000 islands. Indonesia has Total population: 144,319,628
Hong Kong is made up of over Capital city: Dhaka Farming (top 5 products): Rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa
about 400 volcanoes, 100 of GAZA STRIP
Currency: Taka (BDT) Natural resources (top 5): Oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber
200 small islands. Total area (sq. miles): 139
LAND USE which are active. Languages: Bangla (or Bengali), English Total population: 1,376,289
Farming (top 5 products): Rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugar cane
Forest, including trees The worlds most spoken Capital city: Gaza IRAN
Natural resources: Natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Currency: New Israeli shekel (ILS) Total area (sq. miles): 636,296
grown for timber language is Chinese13.69% Languages: Arabic Total population: 68,017,860
17.8% of the worlds people speak
Permanent pasture BHUTAN Farming (top 5 products): Olives, citrus fruits, vegetables, cattle, Capital city: Tehran
28.8%
Permanent crops,
Chinese as their main language. Total area (sq. miles): 18,147 dairy products Currency: Iranian rial (IRR)
Total population: 2,232,291 Natural resources: Arable land, natural gas Languages: Persian, Turkic, Kurdish
such as fruit trees or Capital city: Thimphu
The Maldives island group is made Status: Semi-autonomous region Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, rice, cereal crops, sugar beets, fruit
grapevines Currency: Ngultrum (BTN), Indian rupee (INR)
up of 1196 coral islands. Only Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper
15.7% 35.8% Languages: Dzongkha, Tibetan, and Nepalese dialects
Arable crops, such as 203 are inhabited and the Farming (top 5 products): Rice, corn, vegetables, citrus fruits,
wheat and rice, that are
replanted each year
average height above sea level cereal crops
Natural resources: Timber, hydroelectric power, gypsum, calcium See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES.
of the islands is just 6 feet.
Other roads, towns, carbonate
1.9% Skyscrapers in Hong Kong.
and barren land
48 49
ASIA
ASIA Factfiles PHILIPPINES
TAIWAN
UZBEKISTAN
Capital city: Manila Capital city: Taipei Capital city: Toshkent
Currency: Philippine peso (PHP) Currency: New Taiwan dollar (TWD)
Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS)
Languages: Filipino, English, Tagalog, Cebuano Languages: Chinese (Mandarin), Taiwanese
IRAQ KYRGYZSTAN MONGOLIA Languages: Uzbek, Russian, Tajik
Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas Farming (top 5 products): Rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea
Total area (sq. miles): 168,754 Total area (sq. miles): 76,641 Total area (sq. miles): 603,909 Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, vegetables, fruit, cereal crops,
Natural resources (top 5): Timber, oil, nickel, cobalt, silver Natural resources (top 5): Coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, asbestos
Total population: 26,074,906 Total population: 5,146,281 Total population: 2,791,272 livestock
Status: Self-governing territory of China
Capital city: Baghdad Capital city: Bishkek Capital city: Ulaanbaatar Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, oil, coal, gold, uranium
Currency: New Iraqi dinar (NID) Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS) Currency: Tugrik (MNT) QATAR
Total area (sq. miles): 4416 TAJIKISTAN
Languages: Arabic, Kurdish, Assyrian, Armenian Languages: Kyrgyz, Russian Languages: Khalkha Mongol, Turkic, Russian Total area (sq. miles): 55,251
Farming (top 5 products): Tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes
Total population: 863,051 VIETNAM
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, vegetables, crops for animal Total population: 7,163,506
Capital city: Doha Total area (sq. miles): 127,244
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, phosphates, sulphur Natural resources (top 5): Hydroelectric power, gold, coal, oil, feed, livestock (including camels and horses) Capital city: Dushanbe
Currency: Qatari rial (QAR) Total population: 83,535,576
natural gas Natural resources (top 5): Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten Currency: Somoni
Languages: Arabic, English Capital city: Hanoi
Languages: Tajik, Russian
ISRAEL Farming (top 5 products): Fruit, vegetables, poultry,
Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, cereal crops, fruit, grapes, vegetables Currency: Dong (VND)
Total area (sq. miles): 8,019 LAOS MYANMAR (BURMA) dairy products, cattle Languages: Vietnamese, English, French, Chinese, Khmer
Total area (sq. miles): 91,429 Natural resources (top 5): Hydroelectric power, oil, uranium, mercury, coal
Total population: 6,276,883 Total area (sq. miles): 261,970 Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, fish Farming (top 5 products): Rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea
Capital city: Jerusalem Total population: 6,217,141 Total population: 42,909,464 THAILAND Natural resources (top 5): Phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite,
Capital city: Vientiane
Currency: New Israeli shekel (ILS) Capital city: Yangon (Rangoon) SAUDI ARABIA Total area (sq. miles): 198,457 chromate
Currency: Kip (LAK) Total area (sq. miles): 756,985
Languages: Hebrew, Arabic, English Currency: Kyat (MMK) Total population: 65,444,371
Languages: Lao, French, English Total population: 20,841,523 Capital city: Bangkok
Farming (top 5 products): Citrus fruits, vegetables, Languages: Burmese
Farming (top 5 products): Sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, Capital city: Riyadh Currency: Baht (THB)
WEST BANK
cotton, cattle, poultry Farming (top 5 products): Rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts Total area (sq. miles): 2,263
sugar cane Currency: Saudi riyal (SAR) Languages: Thai, English
Natural resources (top 5): Timber, potash, copper, Natural resources (top 5): Oil, timber, tin, antimony, zinc Total population: 2,385,615
Natural resources (top 5): Timber, hydroelectric power, gypsum, tin, gold Languages: Arabic Farming (top 5 products): Rice, cassava, rubber, corn, sugar cane
natural gas, phosphate Capital city: West Bank
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates Natural resources (top 5): Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum
NEPAL Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper Currency: New Israeli shekel (ILS), Jordanian dinar (JOD)
LEBANON
JAPAN Total area (sq. miles): 4,015
TURKMENISTAN Languages: Arabic, Hebrew, English
Total area (sq. miles): 145,883 Total population: 27,676,547 Total area (sq. miles): 188,456 Farming (top 5 products): Olives, citrus fruits, vegetables, cattle,
Total population: 3,826,018 SINGAPORE
Total population: 127,417,244 Capital city: Kathmandu Total population: 4,952,081 dairy products
Capital city: Beirut Total area (sq. miles): 267
Capital city: Tokyo Currency: Nepalese rupee (NPR) Total population: 4,425,720 Capital city: Ashgabat Natural resources: Arable land
Currency: Lebanese pound (LBP)
Currency: Yen (JPY) Languages: Nepali, Maithali Capital city: Singapore Currency: Turkmen manat (TMM) Status: Disputed territory
Languages: Arabic, French, English, Armenian
Languages: Japanese Farming (top 5 products): Rice, corn, wheat, sugar cane, vegetables Currency: Singapore dollar (SGD) Languages: Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek
Farming (top 5 products): Citrus fruits, grapes, tomatoes, apples, Farming: Cotton, cereal crops, livestock
Farming (top 5 products): Rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit, pigs Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone Languages: Chinese (Mandarin), English, Malay YEMEN
vegetables Natural resources: Oil, natural gas, sulphur, salt
Natural resources: Fish Farming (top 5 products): Rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables Total area (sq. miles): 203,850
Natural resources: Limestone, iron ore, salt,
Natural resources: Fish, deepwater ports (suitable for shipping)
surplus water (in an area where water is scarce) NORTH KOREA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Total population: 20,727,063
JORDAN Total area (sq. miles): 46,541 Total area (sq. miles): 32,000 Capital city: Sanaa
Total area (sq. miles): 35,637 MACAU Total population: 22,912,177 SOUTH KOREA Total population: 957,133 Currency: Yemeni rial (YER)
Total population: 5,759,732 Capital city: Pyongyang Total area (sq. miles): 38,023 Capital city: Abu Dhabi Languages: Arabic
Total area (sq. miles): 9.8
Capital city: Amman Currency: North Korean won (KPW) Total population: 48,422,644 Currency: Emirati dirham (AED) Farming (top 5 products): Cereal crops, fruit, vegetables, pulses,
Capital city: Seoul Languages: Arabic, Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu qat (a mildly narcotic shrub)
Currency: Jordanian dinar (JOD) Capital city: Macau Languages: Korean
Currency: South Korean won (KRW) Farming (top 5 products): Dates, vegetables, water melons, poultry, eggs Natural resources (top 5): Oil, fish, rock salt, marble, coal
Languages: Arabic, English Currency: Pataca (MOP) Farming (top 5 products): Rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses
Languages: Korean Natural resources: Oil, natural gas
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, citrus fruits, tomatoes, melons Languages: Chinese (Cantonese) Natural resources (top 5): Coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite Farming (top 5 products): Rice, vegetables, barley, vegetables, fruit
Natural resources: Phosphates, potash, oil shale Farming: Limited farming Natural resources (top 5): Coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead
Natural resources: Fish, shellfish OMAN
KAZAKHSTAN Status: Semi-autonomous territory of China Total area (sq. miles): 82,031
SRI LANKA
Total area (sq. miles): 1,049,155 Total population: 2,424,290 Tigers are the largest member
Total population: 15,185,844 MALAYSIA Capital city: Muscat Total population: 20,064,776 of the cat family. They live
Capital city: Astana Total area (sq. miles): 127,317 Currency: Omani rial (OMR) Capital city: Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte in a variety of habitats in
Currency: Tenge (KZT) Total population: 23,953,136 Languages: Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects Currency: Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) southeast Asiafrom hot
Languages: Kazakh, Russian Capital city: Kuala Lumpur Farming (top 5 products): Dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables Languages: Sinhala, Tamil, English jungle regions in countries
Farming: Cereal crops, cotton, livestock Currency: Ringgit (MYR) Natural resources (top 5): Oil, copper, asbestos, marble, limestone Farming (top 5 products): Rice, sugar cane, cereal crops, pulses, oilseed such as India, to the cold,
Languages: Bahasa Melayu, English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Natural resources (top 5): Limestone, graphite, mineral sands,
Natural resources (top 5): Oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese coniferous forests of Siberia.
Farming (top 5 products): Rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice, timber gemstones, phosphates
PAKISTAN
KUWAIT Natural resources (top 5): Tin, oil, timber, copper, iron ore Total area (sq. miles): 310,403
Total area (sq. miles): 6,880 Total population: 162,419,946 SYRIA
MALDIVES Total area (sq. miles): 71,498
Total population: 1,044,294 Capital city: Islamabad
Total area (sq. miles): 116 Total population: 18,448,752
Capital city: Kuwait Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Total population: 349,106 Capital city: Damascus
Currency: Kuwaiti dinar (KD) Languages: Punjabi, Sindhi, Siraiki, Pashtu, Urdu Currency: Syrian pound (SYP)
Capital city: Male
Languages: Arabic, English Farming (top 5 products): Cotton, wheat, rice, sugar cane, fruit Languages: Arabic, Kurdish
Currency: Rufiyaa (MVR)
Farming: No farming Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, oil, coal, iron ore, copper Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas
Languages: Maldivian Dhivehi, English spoken by government officials
Natural resources: Oil, fish, shrimp, natural gas Natural resources (top 5): Oil, phosphates, chrome ore, manganese,
Farming: Coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes
asphalt
Natural resources: Fish
50 51
OCEANIA
P E O P L E
FACTFILE OCEANIA NORTHERN
POLITICAL MAP OF OCEANIA
N O R T H
n a s Tr c h
Total population: he term Oceania generally refers to the MARIANA P A C I F I C
en
32,700,000 countries of Australia, New Zealand, Papua ISLANDS HAWAIIAN
Guam
O C E A N ISLANDS (U.S.)
Highest population: New Guinea, and the islands of the South
aria
M I MARSHALL
Australia 20,090,437 PALAU M C R
Pacific. Oceania stretches across a vast area of ISLANDS
O
A
Lowest population: ocean and includes 20,000 or so islands that M E L N
A N E
Tuvalu 11,636 E S S KIRIBATI
make up the regions of Micronesia, Melanesia NAURU
I
PAPUA I A
INDONESIA A
I
Most populous city: Tokelau
Sydney, Australia
and Polynesia. Thousands of the islands are NEW SOLOMON
GUINEA ISLANDS
4,000,000 uninhabited, and many are formed from coral reefs
S
TUVALU
VANUATU American
Life expectancy: and underwater volcanoes. Papua New Guinea is French Polynesia
Gre
Coral Sea FIJI TONGA Samoa
The Great Barrier Reef is
at
Male: 68.5 years
E
made up of the eastern half of the island of New Tahiti
a complex of coral reefs, WALLIS AND
Ba
Female: 74 years New
Cook
rri
Guinea and around 600 smaller islands. sandbanks, and islets off the Caledonia FUTUNA ISLANDS
Islands
er
AUSTRALIA
N
Highest infant mortality rate: northeastern coast of Australia.
Ree
Vanuato: 55 deaths per 1,000 births Norfolk Islands
South West
Y
FAST FACTS HIGHEST MOUNTAINS (BY COUNTRY) Pacific
See the GLOSSARY for Ta s m a n Basin
definitions of LIFE EXPECTANCY SASIA
O U T Tropic
H of Cancer
L
NAME LOCATION HEIGHT (feet) Sea NEW
and INFANT MORTALITY RATE. INDIAN PACIFIC
The Great Barrier Reef spreads Mt Wilhelm Papua New Guinea 14,793 O
for 1,250 miles along OCEAN ZEALAND
Mt Cook New Zealand 12,316 P O C E A N The Equator
Average annual income Australias coast. It covers an
Mt Kosciuszko Australia 7,316
per person (in USD): area of 135,000 square miles. Tropic of Capricorn OCEANIA
Highest: Australia $30,700
Lowest: Kiribati $800 The capital of New Zealand, LARGEST ISLANDS
Wellington, is the southernmost
capital city in the world. NAME LOCATION AREA (sq. miles)
New Guinea Island 316,990
G E O G R A P H Y Australia has a total of 529,346
(total island including Indonesian part)
ULURU LAND USE
FACTFILE square miles of desert18% Uluru in the desert of central Australia is a sacred place to Australian Forest, including trees
of Australia is desert land. South Island New Zealand 58,108 grown for timber
aboriginal people. This oval-shaped, giant block of sandstone is at least
Total land area: North Island New Zealand 44,286 Permanent pasture 18.8%
The Kwajalein atoll, in the 450 million years old. Uluru is 2.2 miles long and 1.5 miles wide. 24.3%
Tasmania Australia 26,178 Permanent crops,
3,303,000
Marshall Islands, is a ring of such as fruit trees or 6.2%
Largest country: coral enclosing a lagoon of * Australia is too large to be an island. It is a continental landmass. grapevines 0.4%
Australia: 2,967,909 square miles around 1,100 square miles. It is Arable crops, such as 50.3%
the biggest atoll in the world. wheat and rice, that are
Smallest country:
HABITATS replanted each year
Nauru: 8.11 square miles
The Marshall islands comprise Other roads, towns,
This map shows the different types and barren land
Longest river: two island chains which include
of habitat across the continent.
Murray-Darling, Australia 30 atolls and 1,152 islands.
2330 miles CLIMATE: OCEANIA
The 5.5 million people of Papua
Largest desert: New Guinea speak around 800 TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES
KEY IN JANUARY IN JULY
Great Victoria Desert, Australia different languages.
134,653 square miles
over 90 F 15 to 30 F
New Zealand uses hydro-electric 75 to 90 F 0 to 15 F
Highest waterfall:
power and has very little 60 to 75 F -10 to 0 F
Wallaman Falls, Australia TROPIC OF CAPRICORN TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
Total drop: 1000 feet

industry so it is one of the 45 to 60 F below -10 F
cleanest, least-polluted countries
30 to 45 F
in the world. KEY
Mountains/barren land Semidesert
See page 55 Forest Desert
OCEANIA FACTFILES Grassland
52 53
OCEANIA
A
1 2 3 4
PHYSICAL MAP OF OCEANIA
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
OCEANIA FACTFILES
E
N
S
B W B
AMERICAN SAMOA MARSHALL ISLANDS PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Total area (sq. miles): 77 Total area (sq. miles): 70 Total area (sq. miles): 178,704
C C
Total population: 57,881 Total population: 59,071 Total population: 5,545,268
Capital city: Pago Pago Capital city: Majuro Capital city: Port Moresby
Currency: US dollar (USD) Currency: US dollar (USD) Currency: Kina (PGK)
Languages: Samoan, English Languages: Marshallese, English Languages: Melanesian, up to 800 indigenous languages
Farming: Bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro Farming (top 5 products): Coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit Farming (top 5 products): Coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea
D D Natural resources: Pumice Natural resources: Coconuts, fish, deep seabed minerals Natural resources (top 5): Gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber
Status: United States unincorporated territory
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF) SAMOA
AUSTRALIA Total area (sq. miles): 271 Total area (sq. miles): 1,137
Total area (sq. miles): 2,967,909 Total population: 108,105 Total population: 177,287
E E Total population: 20,090,437 Capital city: Palikir Capital city: Apia
Capital city: Canberra Currency: US dollar (USD) Currency: Tala (SAT)
Currency: Australian dollar (AUD) Languages: English, Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian Languages: Samoan, English
Languages: English Farming (top 5 products): Black pepper, tropical fruit and vegetables, Farming (top 5 products): Coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee
Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, sugar cane, fruit, livestock coconuts, cassava, betel nuts Natural resources: Timber, fish, hydroelectric power
F F Natural resources (top 5): Bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin Natural resources: Timber, fish, deep seabed minerals, phosphate
SOLOMON ISLANDS
COOK ISLANDS NAURU Total area (sq. miles): 10,985
Total area (sq. miles): 93 Total area (sq. miles): 8 Total population: 538,032
Total population: 21,388 Total population: 13,048 Capital city: Honiara
G G Capital city: Avarua Capital city: No capital government offices in Yaren district Currency: Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)
Currency: New Zealand dollar (NZD) Currency: Australian dollar (AUD) Languages: Melanesian, English, 120 indigenous languages
Languages: English, Maori Languages: Nauruan, English Farming (top 5 products): Cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes
Farming (top 5 products): Copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, Farming: Coconuts Natural resources (top 5): Fish, timber, gold, bauxite, phosphates
tomatoes, beans Natural resources: Phosphates, fish
H H
Natural resources: No natural resources TONGA
Status: New Zealand overseas territory NEW CALEDONIA Total area (sq. miles): 289
Total area (sq. miles): 7,359 Total population: 112,422
FIJI Total population: 216,494 Capital city: Nukualofa
Total area (sq. miles): 7,054 Capital city: Noumea Currency: Paanga (TOP)
I I
Total population: 893,354 Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) Languages: Tongan, English
Capital city: Suva Languages: French, 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Farming (top 5 products): Squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla
Currency: Fijian dollar (FJD) Farming: Vegetables, livestock (including deer) Natural resources: Fish
Languages: English, Fijian, Hindustani Natural resources (top 5): Nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese
J Farming (top 5 products): Sugar cane, coconuts, cassava, rice, Status: French overseas territory TUVALU
J Total area (sq. miles): 10
sweet potatoes
NEW ZEALAND Total population: 11,636
Natural resources (top 5): Timber, fish, gold, copper, oil potential
Total area (sq. miles): 103,738 Capital city: Funafuti
FRENCH POLYNESIA Total population: 4,035,461 Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)
K Total area (sq. miles): 1,609 Capital city: Wellington Languages: Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on island of Nui)
K
Total population: 270,485 Currency: New Zealand dollar (NZD) Farming: Coconuts
Capital city: Papeete Languages: English, Maori Natural resources: Fish
Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) Farming (top 5 products): Wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruit
Languages: French, Polynesian Natural resources (top 5): Natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber VANUATU
L Farming (top 5 products): Coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruit, poultry Total area (sq. miles): 4,710
L
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Total population: 205,754
Natural resources: Timber, fish, cobalt, hydroelectric power
Total area (sq. miles): 184 Capital city: Port-Vila
Status: French overseas territory
Total population: 80,362 Currency: Vatu (VUV)
GUAM Capital city: Saipan Languages: English, French, 100 indigenous languages
M M Total area (sq. miles): 212 Currency: US dollar (USD) Farming (top 5 products): Copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro
Total population: 168,564 Languages: Philippine languages, Chinese, Chamorro, English Natural resources: Manganese, timber, fish
Capital city: Hagatna Farming: Coconuts, fruit, vegetables, cattle
Currency: US dollar (USD) Natural resources: Arable land, fish WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS
Languages: English, Chamorro, Philippine languages Status: United States commonwealth Total area (sq. miles): 106
N Total population: 16,025
N Farming (top 5 products): Fruit, copra, vegetables, eggs, livestock
Natural resources: Fish
PALAU Capital city: Mata-Utu
Total area (sq. miles): 177 Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Status: United States unincorporated territory Total population: 20,303 Languages: Wallisian, Futunian, French
Capital city: Koror Farming (top 5 products): Breadfruit, yams, taro, bananas, livestock
KIRIBATI
O O Total area (sq. miles): 313 Currency: US dollar (USD) Natural resources: No natural resources
Total population: 103,092 Languages: Palauan, English, Tobi, Angaur Status: French overseas territory
Capital city: Tarawa Farming: Coconuts, copra, cassava, sweet potatoes
Currency: Australian dollar (AUD) Natural resources: Timber, gold, fish, deep seabed minerals
Languages: I-Kiribati, English
P P Farming: Copra, taro, breadfruit, vegetables
Natural resources: No natural resources
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 See the GLOSSARY for words and terms used in these FACTFILES.
54 55
THE ARCTIC/ANTARCTICA
A R C T I C
FACTFILE THE ARCTIC ANTARCTICA ANTARCTICA
FACTFILE
T A
he Arctic region is at the very top of the ntarctica is a mountainous continent that
Earth. The Arctic Circle comprises a is almost completely covered by a
ARCTIC CIRCLE shallow, frozen ocean surrounded by the gigantic sheet of ice the size of Europe SOUTH
AMERICA
northern edges of Europe, Asia, and North and the USA put together. It is the coldest and ANTARCTICA
NORTH EUROPE
AMERICA America. The area is named after Arktos, the windiest place on Earth. Average winter
Great Bear star constellation, which dominates the temperatures reach -76F and roaring, ferocious Emperor Penguins live in the
Antarctic. They grow to around Antarctic Circle
northern polar skies. The Arctic circle area is Polar bears live in the Arctic
winds of up to 180 miles an hour produce 3.5 feet tall and are the largest
Circle. They are the worlds
marked on maps with an imaginary line. largest land-living predator. blizzards and snowdrifts. species of penguin.
Size of Arctic Ocean: Antarctica/Arctic:
5.4 million square miles POLITICAL MAP OF THE ARCTIC POLITICAL MAP OF ANTARCTICA The name means opposite the
Arctic. When it is summer in the
The Ice Cap: Arctic, it is winter in Antarctica.
The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by
ALASKA South Georgia (U.K.) Total area of continent:
icy land. A large section of the
U T H E R
ocean is permanently frozen. This is 5,443,000 square miles
(USA) Chukchi
O N 98% ice
called the ice cap. In the winter, the
sea freezes and increases the size Sea
Falkland
Islands (U.K.)
South Orkney
Island (U.K.)
S 2% barren rock
East
O
of the ice cap so that it touches the Beaufort Siberian Scotia Sea Life in Antarctica:
land. Sea Sea
C
CANADA ARCTIC South Dronning
Mau
The Antarctic has very little ice-free
d
ARGENTINA Shetland dL En
Lan
Arctic temperatures: Weddell an d land even in summer. No land
E
Laptev Islands d mammals live here. Fewer plants
Coats
Lowest winter temperature -49F
er
Victoria
OCEAN RUS S I A N CHILE (U.K.) Sea
by
Sea
A
Island North and animals live here than the
Lan
Arctic seasons: Magnetic Severnaya Arctic. Adelie and Emperor
N
The sun never rises during the six Pole North Zemlya PENSACOLA AMERICAN
FE DE RATIO N penguins come ashore to breed and
months of the Arctic winter. In the Ellesmere
Pole
MOUNTAINS Amery lay their eggs here.
Ellsworth HIGHLAND
summer, there are times when the Island Ice Shelf
Lincoln Sea Zemlya Bellinghausen Nearest landmass:
sun never sets. Land
TR
Baffin Frantsa South Pole
AN
Sea SA Amundsen-Scott South South Americathe southern tip is
Arctic animal life:
Island Baffin Iosifa
N Polar Station (U.S.)
Bay Kara T Shackleton approximately 600 miles from
Polar bears, caribou, arctic foxes, Novaya Sea Bentley Trench Ice Shelf Antarctica.
AR
Zemlya
Marie Byrd
nd
seals, whales, narwhals, walruses, GREENLAND
CT
Svalbard Mt. Markham
Length of coastline:
IC
and sea birds all live in the Arctic. (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) Barents Amundsen Land
La
Ross Ice 11,164,798 miles
M O ictoria
Sea
Greenland Sea
AR
Polar bear fact: Shelf
s
TI
UN
V
Mt. Gunnbjrn Sea
ke
C
C Highest mountain:
The polar bear is the only bear with CIR Mt. Erebus
TAI
il
international protection. Scientists CLE Vinson Massif
Ross
W
Norwegian
NS
16,066 feet
Land
estimate there are up to 40,000 Sea South
polar bears living in the Arctic FINLAND
Sea Magnetic
SWEDEN Pole Lowest point:
Circle. ICELAND
NORWAY A N TA R C T I C C I R CL E Bentley sub-glacial trench
Polar bear hunting grounds: 8,383 feet below sea level
Polar bears spend the winter and Population:
spring on the frozen ocean hunting No permanent population. Around
for harp seals and hooded seals. 1,000 to 4,000 scientists working at
When the ice thaws for the summer, THE ARCTIC ICE THE ANTARCTIC ICE research stations.
they move back onto the mainland. The middle of the Arctic The sea bed is a dark world of A few mountains, called Natural resources:
is frozen all year round, although underwater mountains, ranges of nunataks, extend their If the ice was removed,
Plant life: The Antarctic ice sheet is up Iron ore, chromium, copper,
the ice is less than 33 feet thick. hills, and vast, flat plains. peaks above the ice. the land would rise
Over 500 different species of to 2.5 miles thick in places. gold, nickel, platinum, and other
about 1800 feet.
flowering plants grow within the minerals.
NORTH
Arctic Circle. AMERICA
ASIA
Fast fact:
WEST EAST
Fast fact: More than 90% of all the worlds
Both the Arctic and Antarctic are fresh water is stored in the ice
classified as cold deserts because sheets on Antarctica, and
most areas receive less than 10 Greenland in the Arctic region.
inches of rain or snow each year.
56 57
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
Longitude Lines on a map Patois A simplified spoken form
which run north to south and of a language, often French or
measure how many degrees east English, that has been adapted
or west a place is from the Prime by people in a particular region.
groups in Africa from Cameroon conditions in a particular region industry using the Earths internal
Meridian Line (the imaginary line Population The total number
to South Africa. over a period of years. heat. In Iceland, the steam from
that runs north to south through of people living in a town, city,
Bauxite The ore from which Continent One of the Earths seawater boiled by molten lava,
Greenwich in London, UK, the particular area, country, or
aluminium is extracted. large, continuous landmasses: 1.2 miles below the ground, is
place that has been designated continent.
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, used by power stations to heat
Berber People belonging to zero degrees longitude).
Australia, Europe, North fresh water for homes, and to Pyrethrum A member of the
northwest Africa, chiefly living in Magma Hot, molten rock inside
America, and South America. power turbines to produce chrysanthemum family that is
Morocco and Algeria, although the Earths mantle. Magma
electricity. used to make pesticides.
some now live in Egypt and as Copra The oil-yielding kernel of sometimes escapes to the Earths Seismic waves The vibrations Tropic of Cancer An imaginary
far south as Burkina Faso. the coconut. Gorge A valley with steep, rocky Quechua A language spoken
surface through a volcano or caused by an earthquake, the line that runs around the world
sides between hills or mountains. by around 13 million people in
Afrikaans A language of South Borders Lines separating Coral The hard, stony substance other crack in the Earths crust. underground movement of rocks. between the North Pole and the
Gorges are formed over a long South America. Quechua was
Africa, closely related to Dutch. geographical or political areas, secreted by marine animals As soon as it leaves the Earth, Some waves travel at over Equator. These lines are used to
time by a river cutting down into spoken by the Incas.
especially the edges of countries. called polyps as an external magma is called lava. 13,000 mph, but can only be measure the Earth and to help
Amerindian A word used to the land it flows across.
Borders are normally drawn up skeleton. Manganese A metallic element, Rainforest A tropical forest felt when they reach the surface. find places and describe different
describe Native Americans,
by governments. Borders can Graphite A gray form of carbon mined and used in the making of made up of four layers: regions. The area between the
or American Indians. When Coral reef An underwater Sisal A plant that produces a
change over time as countries which occurs in some rocks. steel, pesticides, fertilizers, The emergent layer: Giant trees
Christopher Columbus reached structure made from coralthe fiber suitable for making ropes Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic
Graphite has many uses, including batteries, and some ceramics. It is
take over new territory, join with hard, external skeletons of marine that grow above the canopy as and matting. of Capricorn is warm and wet
the Americas, he thought he had a hazardous substance. High
other countries, or split into the writing part of pencils. high as 240 feet. and is known as the Tropics.
reached Asia and the East Indies, animals called polyps. When a levels of manganese will hurt the Sorghum A cereal crop widely
smaller countries. Hydroelectric power The nervous system. The canopy: Most of the Tropic of Capricorn An
which is why the word Indian first polyp dies, its skeleton remains grown in Africa. It can be used
came to be used in connection Calcium carbonate An as part of the reef so the reef generation of electricity for use in Mantle The layer inside the rainforest wildlife is found in the imaginary line that runs around
as a grain for food and as
with people living in America. insoluble, white solid which can gradually becomes larger. homes and industry using flowing Earth between the Earths rocky canopy, 130 feet above the the world between the South
animal feed.
be found in marble, chalk, water. The water is used to drive crust and the core. The mantle is ground. This layer receives the Pole and the Equator. The area
Arable land Land that is Creole A language formed from Taiga The vast stretch of
limestone, and calcite, and in sea turbines to power generators. made up of soft, molten rock. most rain and sunshine so leaves, between the Tropic of Capricorn
suitable for growing crops. the mixing of a local language coniferous forest that reaches
shells and some corals. It is used indigenous Originating or Mayan A language family flowers, and fruit grow here. and the Tropic of Cancer is warm
Aragonite A mineral consisting and a European language, such across northern Asia close to the
to make cement. occurring naturally within a that includes many American The understory: A layer of smaller and wet and is known as the
of calcium carbonate. It can be as French. Arctic Circle.
Cassava The starchy, tuber-like country or a region. It can refer Indian languages spoken by trees, climbing plants and shrubs Tropics.
found in white sea shells and as Desert A barren area of land Taro A tropical plant with edible
root of a tropical tree. It is used to people, plants, or animals. people in Central America. that are able to live in the shade. Tundra A boggy landscape of
deposits in hot springs (naturally with very little or no rainfall. leaves and edible, starchy corms.
as food, and is sometimes called Infant mortality rate The Molybdenum A brittle, silver- low-growing plants and lakes that
hot water heated by underground Deserts are normally sandy or The forest floor: The ground is
manioc. Tectonic plates The huge
volcanic activity). rocky with limited plant and number of deaths of infants under gray metal used in making some almost bare except for a thin form over permafrosta layer
pieces of the Earths crust fit
Chain (of mountains) A line animal life. Deserts can be hot one year old in a year. It is a kinds of steel. layer of leaves. Very little sunlight of permanently frozen soil found
Archipelago A group of together like a puzzle. There are
of mountains made up of more measure of the quality of life in filters down to here. beneath the surface of many cold
islands, or an area of sea or cold. Nahua A language spoken by oceanic plates and continental
than one mountain range. a country, including health and areas.
containing many islands. Equator An imaginary line indigenous people from southern The rainforests act as a global air plates. The plates are constantly
Chicle A milky, latex liquid wealth.
Atoll A ring-shaped reef, island, around the center of the Earth. Mexico to Central America. conditioner by absorbing carbon moving, by just a few inches
obtained from the sapodilla tree. The equator is exactly halfway Kaolin A fine, soft white clay The language dates back to dioxide from the air, storing the
or chain of islands formed from each year, sliding and pushing
It is used to make chewing gum. between the North and South used in the production of china the Aztecs. carbon, and releasing fresh,
coral. against each other.
Climate The average Poles, the most northern and and porcelain and in some clean oxygen. The world loses
Bantu A language family used Oil shale Fine-grained, Tides The rise and then fall of
temperature and weather southern points on the Earth, and medicines. 50 species of plants and animals
by over 400 different ethnic sedimentary rock from which oil the water in the worlds oceans
the axis points the Earth spins on. Lava Hot, molten rock expelled can be extracted. Sedimentary every day due to rainforest that happens twice each day.
The Equator divides the Earth into from a volcano. When the lava is rock is formed from particles of deforestationmany before Tides are caused by the pull of
the northern and southern still inside the Earth it is called mud, sand, and other debris that they have been cataloged and the Moons gravity. As the Earth
hemispheres. magma. have settled and been squashed studied. spins and parts of its surface
Faults Cracks in the Earths Life expectancy The average down to form hard rock. Range (of mountains) A move past the moon, the water
crust. The movement of the Earths number of years a person can be Ore Rock that contains a metal group of mountains. rises as the Moon pulls itthis is
tectonic plates causes rocks to expected to live in a given place. that can be extracted. Sea level The level of the seas called a high tide. At the same
move and stretch until the It is a measure of the quality of Papiamento A Spanish Creole surface. It is used as the starting time, parts of the Earths surface
pressure becomes so great that life in a country, including health language which is mixed with point for measuring the height of that are not facing the Moon
they crack. and wealth. Portuguese, Dutch, and some the surrounding land and have a low tide.
Geothermal power Power Lignite A type of soft, brown English. It is spoken on some landforms such as hills and
created for use in homes or coal. Caribbean islands. mountains.
58 59
INDEX
INDEX
Guinea 15, 29, 34b Israel 15, 45, 50a Lhotse 10b-c Antarctic 57d
Guinea-Bissau 15, 29, 34b Italy 15, 36b-c, 37, 42b Liberia 15, 29, 34b Asia 44a, 44b-c
Guyana 14, 25, 27b Ivory Coast see Cte d'Ivoire Libya 15, 28c, 29, 34b Europe 36b-c
H J Liechtenstein 37, 42b North and Central
habitats Jakarta, population 14a-b life expectancy 15a America 16b-c
Barbuda 17, 22a Cho Oyu 10b-c Ecuador 14, 24b-c, 25, 27a Africa 32a-d Jamaica 14, 16b-c, 17, 23a Africa 28a Oceania 52c-d
The letters a, b, c, d following the
Belarus 15, 37, 41a cities 14a-b Egypt 15, 28c, 29, 34a Asia 48a-b Japan 50a Asia 44a South America 24b-c
page number indicate the column tallest 12a
Belgium 15, 37, 41a climate El Salvador 14, 17, 22c Europe 40a-b earthquakes 9c Europe 36a
(from left to right) where the Mozambique 15, 29, 35a
Belize 14, 17, 22b Africa 32a-b Elbrus (river) 36b-c North and Central America 21c-d mountains 44b-c North and Central America 16a
information may be found on Benin 15, 29, 33a Ellesmere Island 17, 56 Oceania 52c-d oil consumption 44d Oceania 52a Mumbai (Bombay) 14a-b
Arctic 56a
that page. Bering Sea 17 Asia 48c-d Equator 6a,b-c South America 24b-c political maps 15, 45 South America 24a Myanmar (Burma) 15, 45, 50c
A Bermuda 16a, 17, 22b Europe 40a-d Equatorial Guinea 34a Haiti 14, 16a, 17, 23a population 14a Lithuania 15, 37, 42c N
Aconcagua 10b, 24b-c Bhutan 15, 45, 49a North and Central America 21a-b Eritrea 15, 29, 34a Hawaiian Islands 9d, 17, 53 Java 45 Logan (Mount) 16b-c Namibia 15, 28d, 29, 35a
Afghanistan 15, 45, 49a Black Sea 13 Oceania 53a-d Estonia 15, 37, 41c Himalayas 10b-d, 13, 45a-d Jersey 37, 42b London 14a-b Nanga Parbat 10b-c
Africa 13, 2835 boabab tree 32c-d South America 25b-d Ethiopia 15, 28b-c,d, 29, 34a Honduras 14, 17, 23a Jog Falls 44a longitude 7a Nauru 53, 55b
lakes 11a-d Bolivia 24b-c, 25, 27a euro 40c-d Hong Kong 45, 49c Jordan 15, 45, 50a Luxembourg 15, 36a, 37, 42c Nepal 10b-c, 15, 45, 50c
temperatures 12a
rivers 10c Bombay see Mumbai Europe 7c, 13, 15b-d, 3643 Huang He (Yellow River) 10c K M Netherlands 15, 36d, 37, 43a
coasts 11a-b, 12a, 57d
size 13c-d European Union (EU) 40c-d Huascarn 24b-c K2 (mountain) 10b-c Macau 44a, 45, 50b Netherlands Antilles 17, 24a, 27b
Borneo 44b-c, 45, 48a-c Colombia 14, 25, 27a
time zones 7c Everest 10b-d, 12a, 44a Hudson Bay 17 Kanchenjunga 10b-d Macedonia 15, 37, 42c New Caledonia 15, 53, 55b
Bosnia-Herzegovina 15, 37, 41b Comoros 29, 33b
F Hungary 15, 37, 42a Kazakhstan 11c-d, 15, 44b-c, 45, 50a Mackenzie (river) 16b-c New Guinea Island 52c-d
wealth 15b-d Botswana 15, 15a, 29, 33a Congo (Democratic Republic of) 15,
28b-c, 29, 33b-c Falkland Islands 14, 25, 57 I Kenya 15, 28b-c, 29, 34b McKinley (Mount) 16b-c New York 7b, 14a-b
age 14a-b Brazil 13b, 14, 24a,d, 25, 27a
Congo (Republic of) 15, 29, 33c Faroe Islands 41c ice 56b-c, 57a-b Kilimanjaro (Mount) 28b-c, 29a-b Madagascar 15, 28b-c, 29, 34b New Zealand 15, 52b,c-d, 53, 55b
Alaska 17, 56 British Virgin Islands 17, 22b
Congo (river) 10c, 28b-c Fiji 53, 55a Iceland 15, 36b-c, 37, 42a, 56 Kinabalu 44b-c Madeira (island) 29 Newfoundland 17
Albania 15, 37, 41a Brunei 15, 45, 49b
continents 1213, 13c-d, 15b-d Finland 15, 37, 41c, 56 income Kiribati 52a, 53, 55a Madeira (river) 24b-c Nicaragua 14, 17, 23b
Aleutian Islands 17 Buenos Aires 14a-b
France 15, 36b-c, 37, 41c Africa 28a Kirinyaga (Mount) 28b-c magma 8b, 9b-c,d, 10a Niger (country) 15, 29, 35a
Algeria 15, 28c, 29, 33a Bulgaria 15, 37, 41b Cook Islands 53, 55a
French Guiana 14, 25, 27b Asia 44a Kosciuszko (Mount) 52c-d Makalu 10b-c Niger (river) 28b-c
Amazon (river) 10c, 12, 24b-c,d Burkina Faso 15, 29, 33a Cook (Mount) 52c-d
French Polynesia 53, 55a Europe 36a Krakatoa 9b-c Malawi 15, 29, 34c Nigeria 14a, 15, 28c, 29, 35a
American Samoa 53, 55a Burma see Myanmar Costa Rica 14, 17, 22b
Fuji San 44b-c North and Central America 16a Kuwait 15, 45, 50a Malaysia 15, 45, 50b Nile 10c-d, 12a, 28b-c
Andes 10b Burundi 15, 29, 33a Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 15, 29, 33c
Futuna Islands 53, 55c Oceania 52a Kwajalein atoll 52b Maldives 48c, 50b Norfolk Islands 53
Andorra 15, 15a, 37, 41a C countries 13b, 1415
G South America 24a Kyrgyzstan 15, 44b-c, 45, 50b Mali 15, 29, 34c North America 1621
Angel Falls 12a,b-c, 24a Caicos Islands 17, 23c Crete 37
Gabon 15, 29, 34a independent states 15a-c L Malta 37, 42c physical map 12
Angola 15, 29, 33a Cairo 28a Croatia 15, 37, 41b
Galapagos Islands 14 India 14a, 15, 44d, 45, 49c La Paz 24d Mammoth Caves 12a rivers 10c
Anguilla 17, 22a Cambodia 15, 45, 49b crust 6b, 8a-d, 9a,b-c, 10a
Gambia (The) 15, 29, 34a Indian Ocean 11a-c, 13 Lake Balqash 44b-c Manaslu 10b-c size 13c-d
Annapurna 10b-d Cameroon 15, 29, 33b Cuba 14, 16b-c,d, 17, 22c
Gaza Strip 45, 49b Indonesia Lake Baykal 11c-d, 36a mantle 6b, 8a-d, 10a time zones 7b
Antarctica 6b-c, 11a-d, 13, 57 Canada Cyprus 15, 41b, 45
Georgia 15, 45, 49c factfile 49c Lake Huron 11c-d maps, making 13a-b wealth 15b-d
Antigua and Barbuda 17, 22a Arctic 56 Czech Republic 15, 37, 41b
Germany 15, 36c, 37, 42a islands 48c Lake Malawi/Nyasa 11c-d Marshall Islands 52b, 53, 55b North Korea 15, 45, 50c
Arabian Desert 44a coastline 21d D
Ghana 15, 29, 34a mountains 44b-c Lake Michigan 11c-d Martinique 17, 23a North Pole 56
Aral Sea 11c-d, 44b-c factfile 21a Damavand 44b-c
Gibraltar 36d, 37, 42a political maps 15, 45, 53 Lake Poopo 24b-c Matterhorn 36b-c Northern Mariana Islands 53, 55b
Arctic Ocean 6b-c, 11a-c, 1213, 56 lakes 11c-d Danube (river) 36b-c
gorges, largest 12a population 14a Lake Superior 11c-d, 12a, 16a Mauna Loa 9d Norway 15, 37, 43a
Argentina 10b, 14, 24b-c, 25,27a mountains 16b-c days 6d, 7c-d
gorillas 32c-d volcanoes 9b-c Lake Tanganyika 11c-d Mauritania 15, 29, 34c Novaya Zemlya 45, 56
Armenia 15, 45, 49a oil consumption 16b-c Dead Sea 48d
Grand Canyon 12a, b-c infant mortality rate Lake Titicaca 24b-c Mauritius 15, 29, 34c Novosibirskiye Ostrova 45
Aruba 17, 22a political maps 14, 17 Death Valley 16d O
Great Barrier Reef 52b Africa 28a Lake Victoria 11c-d, 28a Mayotte 28a, 29, 34c
Asia 13, 4451 size 13b, 16a Delhi 14a-b Ob (river) 10c
Great Basin Desert 16a Asia 44a lakes 11c-d Mediterranean Sea 13
lakes 11c-d Canary Islands 29 Denmark 15, 37, 41c ocean plates 8c-d
Great Bear Lake 11c-d Europe 36a Africa 28a Mekong 10a
mountains 10b-d Cape Verde Islands 29, 33b dependencies 15a-c Melanesia 53 Oceania 7d, 13, 15b-d, 525
Great Rift Valley 28b-c, 33d North and Central America 16a Asia 44b-c
rivers 10c Caribbean 12, 14, 17, 20, 25 deserts Europe 36a Mexico 14, 16b-c, 17, 23b oceans 11a-d, 12a
Great Victoria Desert 52a Oceania 52a
size 13c-d Caspian Sea 11c-d, 12a, 13, 44b-c Africa 28a South America 24a largest 12a Mexico City 14a-b, 16a oil 16b-c, 24d, 28b-c, 36b-c, 44d
Greece 15, 37, 42a
time zones 7d Cayman Islands 17, 22b Asia 44a Iran 15, 44b-c, 45, 49c North America 16a Micronesia (Federated States of) 53, 55b Ojos del Salado 24b-c
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat)
wealth 15b-d Central African Republic 15, 29, 33b largest 12a Iraq 15, 45, 50a South America 24b-c Mississippi (river) 10c, 16b-c Oman 15, 45, 50c
Arctic 56
Atacama Desert 24a Central America 13c-d, 1623 North America 16a Ireland 15, 36b-c, 37, 42b land use Missouri (river) 10c, 16b-c orang-utans 48a-b
factfile 21b
Atlantic Ocean 11a-c, 1213, 25 Chad 15, 29, 33b Oceania 52a, 52b Irtysh (river) 10c Africa 32c-d Moldova 15, 36a, 37, 42c Orizaba 16b-c
ice sheets 16d
Australia 15, 52a,b, 53, 55a Chile 14, 24b-c, 25, 27a, 57 South America 24a islands Asia 48a-b Monaco 37, 42c P
physical map 1213
Austria 15, 37, 41a Chimborazo 24b-c Dhaulagiri 10b-d Africa 28b-c Europe 40a-b Mongolia 15, 45, 50c Pacific Ocean 11a-d, 12, 13, 25
political maps 14, 17
Azerbaijan 15, 45, 49a China Djibouti 15, 29, 33c Asia 44b-c North and Central America 21a-b Mont Blanc 36b-c Pakistan 10b-c, 14a, 15, 45, 50c
size 12a, 16b-c
B earthquakes 9b Dnieper (river) 36b-c Europe 36b-c Oceania 53c-d Monte Rosa 36b-c Palau 53, 55b
Greenwich meridian 7a,c
Baffin Island 16b-c, 17, 56 factfile 49b Dominica 17, 22c Indonesia 48c South America 25a Montserrat 17, 23b Panama 14, 17, 23b, 25
Grenada 17, 22c
Bahamas (The) 17, 22a mountains 10b-c Dominican Republic 14, 17, 22c Guadeloupe 17, 23a largest 12a Laos 15, 45, 50b Moon 6a Panama Canal 23c
Bahrain 45, 49a oil consumption 44d E Guam 53, 55a North and Central America 16b-c Latvia 15, 37, 42b Morocco 15, 29, 34c Papua New Guinea 15, 52b, 53, 55c
Balearic Islands 37 political maps 15, 45 Earth 67, 12a Guatemala 14, 17, 23a Oceania 52c-d leap years 6d Moscow 7c, 36a Paraguay 14, 24a, 25, 27b
Bangladesh 14a, 15, 45, 49a population 14a earthquakes 89 Guernsey 37, 42a South America 24a Lebanon 15, 45, 50b mountains 10a-d Parana (river) 10c, 24b-c
Barbados 17, 22a size 13b East Timor 49b Isle of Man 42b Lesotho 15, 29, 34b Africa 28b-c Peru 14, 24b-c, 25, 27b
60 61
INDEX INDEX
Philippines 15, 45, 51a Sajama 24b-c Tobago 14, 17, 23c, 25 Wilhelm (Mount) 52c-d Bahamas (The) 19 M14, 20 F5 Caracas 20 D9, 26 B5 Galpagos (Islas) 20 J11, Kampala 31 E12, 46 M3
physical maps 1213 Samoa 55c Togo 15, 29, 35c winter 7a-d Bahrain 30 A6, 46 J5 Caribbean Sea 20 F8, 26 A4 26 D1 Kanchenjunga 46 I10
planets 7a-d San Andreas Fault 21c-d Tokelau 53 world population 14a-b Bairiki 54 H4 Caspian Sea 39 K21, 46 H5 Gambia (The) 30 N9 Kathmandu 46 J9
Poland 15, 37, 43a San Marino 37, 43b Tokyo 7d, 9c, 14a-b Y Baki 39 L21, 46 H5 Cayenne 26 C8 Georgetown 20 B10, 26 C7 Kazakhstan 46 G7
polar bears 56a,c So Paulo 14a-b Tonga 53, 55c Yangtze (river) 10c, 44a Baltic Sea 46 F2 Cayman Islands 19 N13, 20 H7 Georgia 30 C2, 39 L19, 46 H5 Kenya 30 D11, 46 M4
political maps 1415 So Tom and Prncipe 29, 35a transport 14b-c Yellow River see Huang He Bamako 30 L9 Central African Republic Germany 38 H8 Khartoum 30 E9, 46 K3
population 14a-b, 15b-c Sardinia 37 Trinidad and Tobago 14, 17, 23c, 25 Yemen 15, 45, 51c Bandar Seri Begawan 47 L13, 30 G10, 46 L2 Ghana 30 J10 Kigali 31 E12, 46 M3
Africa 28a Saudi Arabia 15, 44c,d, 45, 51a Tugela Falls 28a Yenisey (river) 10c 54 O4 Chad 30 G8, 46 K2 Gibraltar 38 N3 Kingston 19 N14, 20 F7
Antarctic 57d seismic waves 8a, 9a Tunisia 15, 29, 35c Ysyk Kol 44b-c Bangkok 47 K12 Chile 26 K4 Gilbert Islands 54 H4 Kingstown 20 C9
Asia 44a Senegal 15, 29, 35b Turkey 15, 36a, 43c, 45 Yukon 16b-c Bangladesh 46 J11 China 467 I12, 54 P1 Great Barrier Reef 54 K7 Kinshasa 31 G13, 46 N1
Central America 16a Serbia Montenegro 15, 37, 43b Turkmenistan 15, 45, 51b Z Bangui 30 G11, 46 L1 u 39 J14
Chisa Greater Antilles 20 G7 Kiribati 47 M22, 54 E5
Europe 36a Severnaya Zemlya 45, 56 Turks and Caicos Islands 17, 23c Zambezi (river) 28b-c Banjul 30 N9 Colombia 20 F11, 26 C3 Greece 30 F3, 39 M12, 46 H2 Kobenhavn 46 F1
North America 16a Seychelles 35b Tuvalu 53, 55c Zambia 15, 29, 35c Barbados 20 A9, 26 B7 Comoros 31 B14 Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) Kriti (Crete) 39 N13, 46 I2
Oceania 52a Shanghai 14a-b U Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa 45, 56 Barents Sea 46 B4 Conakry 30 M9 19 C19 Kuala Lumpur 47 M12
South America 24a Siberia 13, 44b-d Uganda 15, 28b-c, 29, 35c Basseterre 20 C7 Congo (Democratic Republic of) Grenada 20 C9, 26 B6 Kuwait 30 B5, 46 I5
Zimbabwe 15, 29, 35c
Portugal 15, 37, 43a Sicily 37 Ukraine 15, 37, 43c Batan Islands 47 J14 31 F12, 46 M2 Grenadines 20 B9, 26 B7 Kyiv (Kiev) 39 H15, 46 F3
projections 1213 Sierra Leone 15, 29, 35b Uluru 53a-b Beijing (Peking) 47 H14 Congo (Republic of) 31 G12, 46 M1 Grytviken 26 O11 Kyrgyzstan 46 H9
Puerto Rico 14, 16b-c, 17, 23b Singapore 15, 45, 51a United Arab Emirates 15, 45, 51b
MAP INDEX Beirut 30 D4, 46 I4 Cook Islands 54 E7 Guadalcanal 54 J6 L
Punkak Jaya 44b-c Slovakia 15, 37, 43b United Kingdom 15, 36b-c,d, 37, 43c AND GRID Belarus 39 G14, 46 F3 Costa Rica 20 H10, 26 B2 Guadeloupe 20 B8, 26 A6 La Paz 26 G5
Purus (river) 24b-c Slovenia 15, 37, 43b United States of America REFERENCES Belgium 38 H6 Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 30 K10 Guam 47 L17, 54 L3 Layoune 30 M6
Q Solar System 6d, 7a-d factfile 21c A Belize 19 N12, 20 I7, 26 A1 Crete 30 F4, 39 N13, 46 I2 Guatemala 19 N12, 20 J8 Laos 467 K12
Qatar 15, 45, 51a Solomon Islands 15, 53, 55c income 16a Abu Zabi 46 J6 Belmopan 19 N12, 20 I7, 26 A1 Croatia 38 K10, 46 G1 Guatemala City 20 J8 Laptev Sea 47 B15
Queen Charlotte Islands 17 Somalia 15, 29, 35b lakes 11c-d Abuja 30 I10 Benin 30 J10 Cuba 19 M14, 20 G7 Guernsey 38 I4 Las Palmas 30 M6
Queen Elizabeth Islands 17 Sonoron Desert 16d mountains 16b-c Accra 30 K11 Beograd 46 G2 Cyprus 30 E4, 46 I4 Guinea 30 M9 Latvia 39 F13, 46 F2
Qullai Ismoili Somoni 44b-c South Africa 15, 28c, 29, 35b oil consumption 16b-c Ad Dahah (Doha) 30 A6, 46 J5 Berlin 38 H9, 46 F1 Czech Republic 38 I10, 46 G1 Guinea-Bissau 30 M9 Lebanon 30 D4, 46 I4
R South America 247 political maps 14, 17 A
dls A
beba 30 C10, 46 L4 Bermuda 19 L16, 20 C4 D Guyana 20 B11, 26 C7 Lefkosia (Nicosia) 30 E4, 46 I3
rainforests 24d, 28d, 29d, 48a-b physical map 12 population 14a, 16a Adriatic Sea 38 L10, 46 H1 Bern 38 J7 Dakar 30 N9 H Lesotho 31 E18
Ras Dashen 28b-c rivers 10c size 13b Afghanistan 46 I7 Bhutan 46 J10 Damascus see Dimashq Haiti 19 N15, 20 F7 Lesser Antilles 20 C8, 26 A6
Runion 15, 28b-c, 29, 35a size 13c-d Ural (river) 36b-c Al Manamah 30 B6, 46 J5 Bishkek 46 H9 Denmark 38 F7 Hamilton 19 L16, 20 D4 Liberia 30 L11
Ribbon Fall 16a time zones 7b Ural Mountains 13 Albania 38 L11, 46 H2 Bissau 30 N9 Dhaka 46 J10 Hanoi 47 K12 Libreville 31 H12
Richter Scale 8a, 9b-c wealth 15b-d Uruguay 14, 25, 27c Aleutian Islands 18 H1 Black Sea 39 K16, 46 H3 Dili 47 N15, 54 N6 Harare 31 E16 Libya 30 H6, 46 J2
Rio Grande 16b-c South Georgia 25, 57 Ushuaia 25d Alger (Algiers) 30 J4, 38 M6 Bogot 20 F11, 26 C4 Dimashq (Damascus) 30 D4, 46 I4 Havana 19 M13, 20 H6 Liechtenstein 38 J8
rivers 10c-d South Korea 15, 44d, 45, 51a Utigard 36a Algeria 30 J5 Bolivia 26 G5 Djibouti 30 C9 Hawaiian Islands 18 M2, 54 E1 Lilongwe 31 E15
Africa 28b-c South Orkney Island 57 Uzbekistan 11c-d, 15, 44b-c, 45, 51c American Samoa 54 F6 Borneo 47 M13, 54 P4 Dodoma 31 D13, 46 N4 Helsinki 39 D13, 46 E2 Lima 26 F3
Asia 44a South Pole 57 V `Amman 30 D5, 46 I4 Bosnia-Herzegovinia 38 K10, Dominica 20 B8, 26 A6 Honduras 19 N12, 20 I8, 26 A1 Line Islands 54 D5
Europe 36b-c South Shetland Islands 57 Vancouver Island 17 Amsterdam 38 H7 46 G2 Dominican Republic 19 N15, 20 E7 Hong Kong 47 K14 Lisboa (Lisbon) 38 M1
longest 12a Southern Ocean 11a-d, 13, 57 Vanuatu 15, 52a, 53, 55c Andorra 38 K5 Botswana 31 F17 Dublin 38 G2 Honiara 47 N20, 54 I6 Lithuania 39 F12, 46 F2
North and Central America 16b-c Spain 15, 37, 43b Vatican City 36a,d, 37, 43c Angola 31 G15 Braslia 26 G9 Dushanbe 46 H8 Hungary 38 J11, 46 G2 Ljubljana 38 J9
Oceania 52a Sri Lanka 15, 45, 51a Venezuela 14, 24d, 25, 27c Anguilla 20 C7 Bratislava 38 I11, 46 G2 E I Lom 30 K10
South America 24b-c Stanley (Mount) 28b-c Venice 36d Ankara 30 E3, 39 L15, 46 H3 Brazil 20 C12, 26 F7 East Timor 47 N15, 54 N6 Iceland 19 F22, 38 B3 London 38 H5
Rocky Mountains 12, 16b-c, 21c Sudan 15, 28a, 29, 35b Victoria Island 16b-c, 17, 56 Antananarivo 31 B16 Brazzaville 31 H13, 46 M1 Ecuador 20 G12, 26 D3 India 46 J9 Luanda 31 H14, 46 N1
Romania 15, 37, 43a Sumatra 44b-c, 45, 48a-c Vietnam 15, 45, 51c Antigua and Barbuda 20 B8, Bridgetown 20 B9 Egypt 30 E6, 46 J3 Indian Ocean 46 M8 Lusaka 31 F15
Russian Federation summer 7a-d Virgin Islands 17, 23c 26 A6 British Virgin Islands 20 C7 El Salvador 20 I8 Indonesia 47 N14, 54 O5 Luxembourg 38 I7
Arctic 56 Sun 6b-d, 7a-d volcanoes 89, 10a Aral Sea 46 G7 Brunei 47 L13, 54 P4 Ellesmere Island 19 B13 Iran 30 A4, 46 I6 M
factfile 43a Suriname 14, 25, 27c Volga 36b-c Arctic Ocean 19 B4, 47 A15 Brussels 38 H6 Equatorial Guinea 30 I11 Iraq 30 C5, 46 I5 Macau 47 K13
lakes 11c-d Svalbard 56 W Argentina 26 L5 Bucuresti (Bucharest) 39 K14, Eritrea 30 D8, 46 K4 Ireland (Republic of) 38 H2 Macedonia 39 L12, 46 H2
mountains 36b-c Swaziland 15, 29, 35b Wallaman Falls 52a Armenia 30 B3, 39 L19, 46 H5 46 G3 Estonia 39 E13, 46 E2 Islamabad 46 I8 Madagascar 31 B16
oil 36b-c Sweden 15, 37, 43b, 56 Wallis and Futuna Islands 53, 55c Aruba 20 E9, 26 B5 Budapest 38 J11, 46 G2 Ethiopia 30 C10, 46 L4 Israel 30 D5, 46 I4 Madeira 30 M5
political maps 15, 37, 45 Switzerland 15, 36b-c, 37, 43c waterfalls Ashgabat 46 H6 Bujumbura 31 E13, 46 M3 F Italy 38 L9, 46 H1 Madrid 38 L4
population 14a Syria 15, 45, 51a Africa 28a Asmara 30 C9, 46 K4 Bulgaria 39 K13, 46 H2 Falkland Islands 26 O7 Ivory Coast see Cte d'Ivoire Majuro 54 H4
size 13b, 36a T Asia 44a Astana (Akmola) 46 F8 Burkina 30 J9 Faroe Islands 38 C3 J Malabo 30 I11
Rwanda 15, 29, 35a Tahiti 53 Europe 36a Asuncin 26 I7 Burma see Myanmar Fiji 54 H7 Jakarta 47 N13 Malawi 31 D15
S Taiwan 15, 45, 51b highest 12a Athina (Athens) 30 F3, 39 M13, Burundi 31 E13, 46 M3 Finland 39 B13, 46 D2 Jamaica 19 N14, 20 G7 Malaysia 47 M13, 54 P4
saguaro cactus 16d Tajikistan 15, 44b-c, 45, 51b North America 16a 46 H2 C France 38 J5 Japan 47 H16 Maldives 46 L8
Sahara Desert 12a, 13, 28a, 28d Tanzania 15, 28b-c, 29, 35c Oceania 52a Australia 54 M8 Cairo 30 E5, 46 I3 Freetown (Sierra Leone) 30 M10 Java 47 N13, 54 P5 Male 46 L8
St. Elias (Mount) 16b-c Tasmania 52c-d South America 24a Austria 38 J9, 46 G1 Cambodia 47 L12 French Guiana 20 A11, 26 C8 Jersey 38 I4 Mali 30 K8
St. Kitts and Nevis 17, 23b tectonic plates 8a-d, 9a, 10a wealth 15b-d Azerbaijan 30 B3, 39 L20, 46 H5 Cameroon 30 H11, 46 L1 French Polynesia 54 B7 Jerusalem 30 D5, 46 I4 Malta 30 H4, 38 N10, 46 I1
St. Lawrence Island 17 territories 15a-c Wellington 52b B Canada 1819 G11 Futuna Islands 54 G6 Jordan 30 D5, 46 I4 Maluku (Moluccas) 54 N5
St. Lucia 23c Thailand 15, 45, 51b West Bank 45, 51c Babuyan Islands 47 J14, 54 O2 Canary Islands 30 M5 G K Managua 20 I9, 26 B1
St. Pierre and Miquelon 16a, 17, 21c Tierra del Fuego 25 Western Sahara 15, 29 Baffin Island 19 E14 Cape Town 31 G19 Gabon 31 H12 Kabul 46 I8 Manila 47 L14, 54 O3
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 17, 23c time 6d, 7a-d wildlife 32a-d, 56a, 57d Baghdad 30 B4, 46 I5 Cape Verde 31 M13 Gaborone 31 F17 Kaliningrad 46 F1 Maputo 31 D17
62 63
INDEX
Marshall Islands 54 I3 O Samoa 54 F6 Tokelau Islands 54 F6
Martinique 20 B8, 26 A6 Okinawa 54 N1 San Jos 20 I9, 26 B2 Tokyo 47 I17
Maseru 31 F18 Oman 46 K6 San Juan 20 D7 Tonga 54 F7
Masqat (Muscat) 46 J7 Oslo 38 D8 San Marino 38 K9, 46 G1 Toshkent 46 H8
Matterhorn 38 J8 Ottawa 19 J14 San Salvador 20 I8 Trinidad and Tobago 20 C9, 26 B7
Mauritania 30 M8 Ouagadougdu 30 J9 Sana 30 C8, 46 K5 Tripoli 30 H4
Mauritius 31 L17 P Santiago 26 K4
Tripoli see Tarbulus
Mayotte 31 B15 Pakistan 46 J8 Santo Domingo 19 N15, 20 E7
Tunis 30 I4, 38 N8
Mbabane 31 E18 Palau 47 M16, 54 M4 So Tom & Prncipe 31 J12
Tunisia 30 I4
Mediterranean Sea 30 I3, Panama 20 G10, 26 B3 Sarajevo 38 K10, 46 H2
38 M8, 46 I2 Saudi Arabia 30 B7, 46 J5 Turkey 30 D3, 39 M16, 46 H3
Panama City 26 B3
Melanesia 54 I5 Papua New Guinea 47 N18, 54 K5 Senegal 30 M9 Turkmenistan 46 H6
Mexico 18 M10, 20 M6 Paracel Islands 54 P2 Seoul 47 H15 Turks & Caicos Islands 19 M15, 20 E6
Mexico City 18 N10, 20 L7 Paraguay 26 I7 Serbia & Montenegro 389 K11,46 G2 Tuvalu 47 N21, 54 H5
Micronesia 54 J3 Paramaribo 20 A10, 26 C7 Seychelles 31 M15, 46 N6 U
Minsk 39 G14, 46 F3 Paris 38 I6 Sicilia 30 H3, 38 M9, 46 H1 Uganda 31 E12, 46 M3
Mogadishu see Muqdisho Parry Islands 18 C9 Sierra Leone 30 M10 Ukraine 39 I14, 46 G3
Moldova 39 I14, 46 G3 Patagonia 26 N5 Singapore 47 M13 Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator) 47 G13
Monaco 38 K7 Peru 26 F3 Skopje 39 L12, 46 H2 United Arab Emirates 46 J6
Mongolia 47 G12 Philippine Sea 47 K14, 54 N2 Slovakia 38 I11, 46 G2 United Kingdom 38 F4
Monrovia 30 M10 Philippines 47 L15, 54 N3 Slovenia 38 J10, 46 G1
United States of America
Mont Blanc 38 J6 Phnum Penh 47 L12 Sofiya 39 K13, 46 H2 1819 K11, 20 M3
Montevideo 26 K7 Phoenix Islands 54 F5 Solomon Islands 47 N20, 54 I5
Uruguay 26 K7
Montserrat 20 D8 Plateau of Tibet 46 I10 Somalia 30 C11, 46 L5
Ushuaia 26 P5
Morocco 30 L5 Poland 38 H11, 46 F1 South Africa, Republic of 31 G19
Uzbekistan 46 H7
Moroni 31 C14 Port au Prince 19 N15, 20 F7 South Carolina 19 K13
V
Moskva (Moscow) 39 F16, 46 F3 Port Louis 31 M17 South China Sea 467 L14, 54 P3
South Georgia 26 O11 Vaduz 38 J8
Mozambique 31 D16 Port Moresby 47 N17, 54 K6
Port of Spain 20 C9, 26 B7 South Korea 47 H15 Valletta 30 H4, 38 N10, 46 I1
Muqdisho (Mogadishu) 30 B11,
46 M5 Porto-Novo 30 J11 Spain 38 M3 Vanuatu 54 J7
Myanmar (Burma) 46 J11 Portugal 38 M1 Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte 46 L9 Vatican City 38 L9
N Praha (Prague) 38 I9, 46 G1 Sri Lanka 46 L9 Venezuela 20 D10, 26 C5
Nairobi 31 D12, 46 M4 Praia 31 M13 Stanley 26 O7 Victoria Island 18 D9
Namibia 31 G17 Pretoria 31 E17 Stockholm 38 E10, 46 E1 Victoria (Seychelles) 31 M14, 46 M6
Nassau 19 M14, 20 G6 Puerto Rico 20 D8 Sudan 30 E9, 46 K3 Vienna see Wien
Nauru 54 I5 P'yongyang 47 H15 Sulawesi 54 O5 Vietnam 47 K13
N'Djamena 30 H9, 46 K1 Q Sumatera 47 N12
Vilnius 39 G13, 46 F2
Nepal 46 J10 Qatar 30 A6, 46 J6 Suriname 20 B11, 26 C7
Virgin Islands 20 C7
Netherlands 38 G6 Queen Charlotte Islands 18 H5 Suva 54 G7
W
Netherlands Antilles 20 D9, Queen Elizabeth Islands 18 B9 Sverdrup Islands 18 B10
Wallis & Futuna Islands 54 G6
26 B5 Quito 20 G12, 26 D3 Swaziland 31 D18
New Caledonia 54 J7 Sweden 38 C10, 46 D1 Warszawa (Warsaw) 39 G12, 46 F2
R
New Delhi 46 J9 Switzerland 38 J7 Washington D.C. 20 G2
Rabat 30 L4
New Zealand 54 I10 Rangoon see Yangon Syria 30 D4, 39 N17, 46 I4 Wellington 54 H10
Newfoundland 19 I17 Red Sea 46 J4 T Western Sahara 30 M6
Niamey 30 J9 Reykjavk 19 F22, 38 C2 T'aipei 47 J15, 54 O1 Wien (Vienna) 38 I9, 46 G1
Nicaragua 20 I9, 26 B2 Riga 39 F12, 46 F2 Taiwan 47 J15, 54 O1 Willemstad 20 D9
Niger (country) 30 I8 Riyadh 30 B6, 46 J5 Tajikistan 46 H8 Windhoek 31 G17
Nigeria 30 I9 Roma (Rome) 38 L9, 46 H1 Tallinn 39 E13, 46 E2 Y
Nile 30 E6 Romania 39 J13, 46 G2 Tanzania 31 D13, 46 N4 Yamaoussoukro 30 L10
Niue 54 F7 Russian Federation 39 E20, 467 E8 Tarbulus (Tripoli) 30 H4 Yangon (Rangoon) 46 K11
Nocobar Islands 46 L11 Rwanda 31 E12, 46 M3 Tasmania 54 K10
Yangtze 47 I14
North Korea 47 H15 Ryukyu Islands 47 J16, 54 N1 T'bilisi 30 C2, 39 L19
Yaounde 30 H11, 46 L1
North Sea 38 F6 S Tegucigalpa 20 I8, 26 A1
Yap 54 M3
Northern Mariana Islands Sahara 30 J7 Tehrn 30 B4, 46 I6
54 K2 Yemen 30 B8, 46 K5
St. Kitts & Nevis 20 B7 Thailand 47 K12
Norway 38 C8, 46 D1 Thimphu 46 J10 Yerevan 30 C3, 39 L19, 46 H5
St. Lucia 20 B8, 26 A6
Nouakchott 30 M8 Tibet (Plateau of) 46 I10 Z
St. Pierre and Miquelon 19 J17
Nova Scotia 19 J15 St. Vincent and The Grenadines Tibilisi 46 H5 Zagreb 38 J10, 46 G2
Nuku'alofa 54 F7 20 B9, 26 B7 Tiran 38 L11, 46 H2 Zambia 31 F15
Nuuk 19 F18 Saipan 54 K3 Togo 30 J10 Zimbabwe 31 E16
64
JUST THE FACTS
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