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Q.WhatdoyouunderstandbyWarrantofArrest?Describetheprocedureforissue
andexecutionofaWarrantofArrest.Whencanacourtissueawarrantinacasein
whichitisempoweredtoissueasummons?Whencanawarrantbeissuedfor
recoveryofafine?
Introduction
Tomeettheendsofjustice,itiscriticaltoproducetheaccusedandotherwitnessorrelatedpartiesbeforethecourtwhenever
needed.Iftheaccusedisfoundguiltyattheconclusionofthetrial,hemustbepresentinpersontoreceivethesentence.Also,his
presenceisnecessaryifimprisonmentistobeenforced.Further,thesupremacyofthelawwillbequestionableifthereisno
formalprocesstobringtherequiredpersonsbeforethecourt.Forthisreason,ChapterVI(Sections61to90)ofCrPCprovides
twowaysforcompellingtheappearanceofanypersonwhoisrequiredtobepresentinthecourt,inthecourtSummonsand
Warrant.WhileSummonsisanorderofthecourttothepersontoappearbeforeit,Warrantisanorderofthecourtgiventoathird
persontobringthepersonwhoisrequiredtobepresentinthecourt,inthecourt.Whichmethodistobeusedinaparticular
situationdependsonthejudicialofficer,whoisguidedbytheprovisionsofthiscode.
Thecodeclassifiesallcriminalcasesintosummonscasesandwarrantcases.Acaseisawarrantcaseiftheoffenceis
punishablebydeath,imprisonmentforlifeorimprisonmentformorethantwoyears.Asummonscaseisacasethatisnota
warrantcase.Thus,Thebasisofclassificationistheseriousnessoftheoffence.Sincesummonscasecontainsalessersentence,
thereislessprobabilityoftheaccusedviolatingthecourtorder.Therefore,generally,asummonsisissuedforasummonscase
andawarrantisissuedforawarrantcase.However,whenaSummonsisnotproductiveinmakingapersonappearbeforethe
court,thecountmayissueawarranttoapoliceofficeroranyotherpersontoforciblyproducetherequiredpersonbeforethe
court.
WarrantofArrest
Awarrantofarrestisawrittenauthoritygivenbyacompetentmagistrateforthearrestofaperson.Itisamoredrasticstepthanthe
issueofasummons.Itisaddressedtoaperson,usuallyapoliceofficer,toapprehendandproducetheoffenderinfrontofthe
court.
EssentialElementsofavalidwarrant
1.Thewarrantmustclearlymentionthenameandotherparticularsofthepersontobearrested.AsperSection70(1),every
warrantofarrestshallbeinwriting.Itmustbesignedbythepresidingofficerofthecourtandmustbearthesealofthecourt.As
persection70(2),awarrantremainsinforceuntilitiscanceledorisexecuted.Normally,Form2ofSecondscheduleisusedto
writeawarrant.
2.Itmustshowthepersontowhomtheauthoritytoarresthasbeengiven.AsperSection72,awarrantisnormallydirectedtoone
ormorepoliceofficersbut,ifnecessary,thecourtmaydirectittoanyotherpersonorpersons.Further,section73providesthata
magistratemaydirectawarranttoanypersonwithinhisjurisdictionforthearrestofanyescapedconvict,proclaimedoffender,or
ofanypersonwhoisaccusedofanonbailableoffenceandisevadingarrest.
3.Itmayincludeadirectionthatifthepersonarrestedunderthewarrantexecutesabondandgivessecurityforhisattendancein
court,heshallbereleased.Warrantwithsuchadirectioniscalledasbailablewarrantofarrest.
4.Itmustclearlyspecifytheoffence.
ProcedureforissuingaWarrant
Whenarequestinappropriateformatismadetothecourtforcompellingtheappearanceforaperson,thecourteitherrejectsthe
requestorissuesaWarrant.AsperSection204,ifintheopinionofthemagistratetakingcognizanceoftheoffence,thereis
sufficientgroundforproceeding,andifthecasesisawarrantcase,hemayissueawarrantorifhethinksfit,hemayissuea
summons.
Further,Section87,empowersamagistratetoissueawarrantevenifthecaseisasummonscaseifhehasreasontobelievethat
thesummonswillbedisobeyed.Hemustrecordhisreasonsforthisaction.
ProcedureforexecutingaWarrant
Aspersection75,Awarrantcanbeexecutedbyshowingthesubstanceofthewarranttothepersonbeingarrest.Ifrequired,the
warrantmustbeshowntothepersonarrested.Section76mandatesthatthepersonexecutingthewarrantmustproducethe
arrestedpersonbeforethemagistratewithoutunnecessarydelayandwithin24hoursexcludingthetimetakenfortravelfromthe
placeofarresttothemagistrate.
Aspersection77,awarrantmaybeexecutedanywhereinIndia.Section78specifiesthatifawarrantistobeexecutedoutside
thelocaljurisdictionofthecourtissuingit,suchcourtmaysendittotheExecutiveMagistrateorDistrictSuperintendentofPolice
orCommissionerofPolicewithinthelocallimitsofwhosejurisdictionitistobeexecutedinsteadofdirectingittothepoliceofficer
withinthejurisdictionoftheissuingcourt.
Section79specifiestheprocedureforexecutingawarrantoutsidethelocaljurisdictionoftheissuingcourtasfollows
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(1)WhenawarrantdirectedtoapoliceofficeristobeexecutedbeyondthelocaljurisdictionoftheCourtissuingthesame,he
shallordinarilytakeitforendorsementeithertoanExecutiveMagistrateortoapoliceofficernotbelowtherankofanofficerin
chargeofapolicestation,withinthelocallimitsofwhosejurisdictionthewarrantistobeexecuted.
(2)SuchMagistrateorpoliceofficershallendorsehisnamethereonandsuchendorsementshallbesufficientauthoritytothe
policeofficertowhomthewarrantisdirectedtoexecutethesame,andthelocalpoliceshall,ifsorequired,assistsuchofficerin
executingsuchwarrant.
(3)WheneverthereisreasontobelievethatthedelayoccasionedbyobtainingtheendorsementoftheMagistrateorpoliceofficer
withinwhoselocaljurisdictionthewarrantistobeexecutedwillpreventsuchexecution,thepoliceofficertowhomitisdirected
mayexecutethesamewithoutsuchendorsementinanyplacebeyondthelocaljurisdictionoftheCourtwhichissuedit.
WhencanacourtissueaWarrantinacaseinwhichitisempoweredtoissuesummons
AsperSection87acourtmayissueawarranteveninacaseinwhichitisempoweredonlytoissueasummons.Acourtcan
issueawarranteitherbeforeissuingasummonsorevenafterissuingasummons.Itmaydosoifithasreasontobelievethatthe
personhasabscondedorthatthepersonwillnotobeythesummons.Further,acourtmayissueawarrantifthesummonswas
dulyservedandstillthepersonfailstoappearbeforeitattherequireddateandtimewithoutanyreasonableexcuse.Thecourt
mustrecorditsreasonstodoso.
ItmustbenotedthatSection204empowersthecourttoissueasummonsevenforawarrantscaseifitbelievesthatasummons
issufficienttoenforcetheappearanceofthepersonbeforeit,whileSection87empowersthecourttoissueawarrantevenina
summonscases,ifreasonablecausesexist.Ingeneral,awarrantoughtnottobeissuedwhereasummonscanservethe
purposeandcareshouldbeexercisedbythecourttosatisfyitselfthatuponthematerialspresentbeforeit,itwasnecessaryto
issueawarrant.InAnoopSinghvsCheeluAIR1957,itwasheldthatthisappliestoanaccusedaswellasawitness.Butwhere
thecourthasnopowertoissueasummons,itcannotissueawarrantunderthissection.InPKBaidyavsChayaRaniAIR1995,
itwasheldthatwhenawitnessavoidshisappearanceinspiteofthesummonsbeingappropriatelyserved,courtcantakesteps
forsecuringhispresenceunderthissection.
Whencanawarrantbeissuedforrecoveryofafine
Section421Warrantforlevyoffine
(1)Whenanoffenderhasbeensentencedtopayafine,theCourtpassingthesentencemaytakeactionfortherecoveryofthe
fineineitherorbothofthefollowingways,thatistosay,itmay,
(a)issueawarrantforthelevyoftheamountbyattachmentandsaleofanymovablepropertybelongingtotheoffender
(b)issueawarranttotheCollectorofthedistrict,authorizinghimtorealizetheamountasarrearsoflandrevenuefromthe
movableorimmovableproperty,orboth,ofthedefaulter:
Providedthat,ifthesentencedirectsthatindefaultofpaymentofthefine,theoffendershallbeimprisoned,andifsuchoffender
hasundergonethewholeofsuchimprisonmentindefault,noCourtshallissuesuchwarrantunless,forspecialreasonstobe
recordedinwriting,itconsidersitnecessarysotodo,orunless,ithasmadeanorderforthepaymentofexpensesor
compensationoutofthefineunderSection357.
(2)TheStateGovernmentmaymakerulesregulatingthemannerinwhichwarrantsunderClause(a)ofsubsection(1)aretobe
executed,andforthesummarydeterminationofanyclaimsmadebyanypersonotherthantheoffenderinrespectofanyproperty
attachedinexecutionofsuchwarrant.
(3)WheretheCourtissuesawarranttotheCollectorunderClause(b)ofsubsection(1),theCollectorshallrealizetheamountin
accordancewiththelawrelatingtorecoveryofarrearsoflandrevenue,asifsuchwarrantwereacertificateissuedundersuch
law:
Providedthatnosuchwarrantshallbeexecutedbythearrestordetentioninprisonoftheoffender.
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