Luminous Vibriosis of Penaeid Juvenie death

Shrimp Physical
(Vibrio harveyi) Detachment of epithelium
Chitinoclastic
Vibrio harveyi Loose Shell Syndrome
Marine Luminescence
Gram-negative Necrosis, Brown Gills, Cloudy
Non-symbiotic hepatopancreata, hemolytic
inflammation
Hosts
Sharks Diagnosis
Seabass Clinical
Seahorse Microbio and biochem tests
Lobster PCR
Shrimp
Black tiger shrimp(Penaeus Control and Mgmt
monodon) Water: Formalin
Pacific white shrimp Feed: Oxolonic Acid and Sarafloxacin
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
Prevention
Diseases Water management
Eye lesions Reservoir for water
Gastro-enteritis Avoid Stress
Vasculitis Water quality
Luminous vibriosis Crowding
High temp
Entry Low dissolved Oxygen
Barrier: EXOSKELETON Low water exchange
How:
Wounds Motile Aeromonas Septicemia
Gills (thin) (Motile aeromonas infection,
Midgut (none) hemorrhagic septicemia, red pest, red
midgut trunk (none) sore)

Pathogenesis Aeromonas hydrophila

1. Entry and plaques (Biofilm) Similar but not Furunculosis (A.
2. Spread (Quorum Sensing) salmonicida)
3. ECPs/exotoxins
(proteases, phospholipases, Hosts
haemolysins) Frog turtle crocodile humans catfish
4. Mortality: 102 cells/mL tilapia carp bass
*enhance with VHML (VH myovirus
like) Aeromonads
A. hydrophila
Symptoms A. caviae
Behavior A. veronii
Larval death Gram - , Rod, Motile, Facultative, Infect
Swim at surface or edge Skin and Intestines of fish, plants,
Vertical swimming protozoans, in brackish fresh and
Reduced phototaxis chlorinated H20, secondary pathogens
Epizootiology Bio of Patho
Many hosts Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus
In warm and temperate Family: Birnaviridae
Death of fry and fingerlings Genus: Aquabirnavirus
Seasonal Bi-segmented Double stranded RNA
Spring: reduced disease resistnace genome
Fall: extensive handling/transport Medium sized
Stress: Non-enveloped
1. Hi temp. Single Shelled
2. Lo DO Antigenic diversity
3. Hi Ammonia and Nitrite 2 none cross reacting serogroups
4. Hi pH Change Segment A: Vp2 (capsid) Vp4
5. Parasites (protease) Vp3
6. Crowding Segment B: RdRp Vp1
7. Handling
8. Hi organic Host
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Symptoms Brown Trout Salmo trutta
Fin fraying Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis
Ulcers Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar
Edema
Lepidothosis Death of fingerlings
Exopthalmia
Salminds 4.3% of seafood supply
Pathogenesis mostly in culture
Transmission: Horizontal
Uptake: Oral/Dermal Symptoms
Chemotactic External
Hyperpigmentation
Stages Hemorrhages
Attachment and colonization Exopthalmia
Replication and proteases Corkscrewing/bottom swimming
Invasion and Destruction Coelomic distention
Internal
Mgmt and Control Hemorrhage of visceral organs
Diagnosis (Rimler Sholts Agar) Paleness
Outbreaks: Lo handling, Cattarhal exudate
Potassium permanganate Histopathological
Systemic: Antibiotics/Phytobiotics Disintegration?
(Romet and Teramycin) Degeneration and Coagulative
necrosis
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Histopathological
Pyknosis-Condensation of chromatin
Contagious (horizontal/vertical), Karyorrhexis- Nucleus something
systemic, non-zoonotic, birnavirus, of Intracytoplasmic inclusions
Salmonid in intensive( when crowded) Macrophages and leukocytes
culture
In Major salmon countries Molecular Detection
1980s 7M salmons dead and 2M Neutralization/Serological tests
eggs Flow Cytometry
In Situ Hybridization Edwardsiella tarda
RT-PCR freshwater and marine fish

Disease Cycle and Epidemiology P.R. Edwards (bacteriologist)

Replication: cytoplasmic Gram-(-), motile, short, rod-shaped
1. Penetration bacterium
2. Transcription of dsRNA Four serotypes (A, B, C, D)
3. Encapsidation of +RNA Zoonotic
4. Transcription of RNA Highly contagious (in feces, in eel )
5. Base pairing
6. Budding Pathogenesis
Host survive outside host
<90% mortality in <4 mos. Old stock in mammals, birds, reptiles,
Susceptibility dec. with age amphibians and aquatic invertebrates
Resistance: 1500 degree-days
Can be carriers up to 6 years Virulence factors
More Stable siderophores,
Stays long in all kinds of water cell adhesion factors
cell invasion
Transmission
Horizontal 14 genes reported as important
Feces and urine -SOD gene and KatB enzyme
Fomites and humans
Vertical Symptoms
Carriers
Gametes Spiraling
Ovarian And Seminal Fluid mouth agape
opercula flared
Outbreaks lesions on skin
Superoxygenation pale gills
Lo H20 supply tumefaction of the eye
Hi density excessive mucus secretion
ulcers
Control small cutaneous
Policy
Hygiene DIAGNOSIS
Clean water Clinical
Clean stock growth mediums
Vaccines Indirect fluorescent antibody testing
Disinfection of eggs ELISA
Loop-mediated isothermal
Outbreak: amplification
Thin out treatment and control
Destruction of infected stock Antibiotics
Vaccine
Chemotherapy
Manage factors: stress, density etc.
Constant check of water

Edwardsiellosis Lymphocystis
Most common viral disease -Density
hypertrophy of fibroblastic cells in the -Manipulation
dermal connective tissue -Lo Salinity
Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) -Temperature
-Lo DO
Distribution -Lo Nutrient
Not in less advanced orders -Pollution
Catfish
Cyprinids Diagnosis
Salmonids Histological
Viral isolation
Lymphocystis Disease Virus Serological
Family: Iridoviridae PCR
Genus: Lymphocystis virus LAMP
Species:
LCDV-1 ( European flounder and Control
plaice) Prophylactic:
LCDV-2 Vaccinations:
LCDV-C Inactivated LCDV
LCDV-RF Oral DNA

Morphology Disinfection:
Icosahedral Potassium permanganate
Non-developed Fomalin
Core, capsid, internal lipid bilayer Bleach
Genome: single, linear, dsDNA Ether
pH >11
Components Temp > 50 deg C
Major Capsid Protein (45%)
LCDV-C Quarantine
GPCR-Homologue No stress
Thymidilate synthase Cultivate well
Natural Regression
Symptoms
Gray nodule Mycobacteriosis in Fish
Hypertrophied fibroblasts 1897, 1st with M. tuberculosis
Exopthalmia 1958, M. piscium, frogs, endothermic
Anemia Actinomycete
Slow Growth (Anemia) Corynebacteria
Rarely Fatal Mycobacteria
Species:
Epizootiology M. marinum
Transmission: skin, gills , direct contact M. fortuitum
Or waterborne exposure M.chelonae
Horizontal or Vertical Pleomorphic, Gram +, Acid fast,
aerobic, non-motile rod,
Artemia nauplii (Brine shrimp larva) Widely differ
act as reservoir 130 species

Factors: Symptoms
Piscine mycobacteriosis chronic Destruction of stock and disinfection
disease no clinical of tank
Systemic Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
External: (>10min)
Scale loss, ulcers , loss of pigment Vaccines
Abnormal behavior, emaciation, Recombinant Aga85A
ascites
Internal: Zoonosis
Enlargement of spleen, kidney, liver, Marinum is a human pathogen
nodules in internal organs Fish tank granuloma, fish fanciers
Granulomatous inflammation finger
NC Fortuitum and chelonae opportunistic
EP patho
Macrophage?
Infectious Salmon Anemia
Pathogenesis ISA virus
Intracellular Outbreak in Salmo salar (Atlantic
Phagosomal resistance to acidification Salmon)
Aka hemorrhagic kidney disease
Epidemiology 2001-2002, 1.5M died
One of the most common 8.6M$ spent b/w 01-07
Water and biofilms
Ingestion Epidemiology
Vertical transmission Any stage
Transovarian transmission Mortality up to 90%
In spring and early summer
Epizootiology Optimal at 3-15 deg C
Stress Outbreaks In marine farmed salmon
Host only
Dose Outbreak in Norway , Canada, Chile,
Faroe Islands, Maine
Diagnostics 2017, Norway
Acid fast stain (Ziehl-Neelsen and fite)
Pathogen
Culture-based Enveloped ssRNA
M. marinum (30) 8 ssRNA segments (-)
Shottsii ans pseudoshot..(23) Genus: Isavirus
Complicated by contaminating Family: orthomyxoviridae
competing bacteria 2 lineages:
Genotype I (European)
Immunohistochemical detection Genotype II (NA)
Visualization in granulomas
Vectors and Reservoirs
Molecular Methods Vectors:
16srRNA gene, hsp65, erp, rpoB Water
Mgmt. and control Salmon louse (Lepeoptheirus
Strain of host and pathogen salmonis)
Rifampicin, streptomycin, Naturall asymptomatic carrier
erythromycin 1. Brown trout (salmo tutta)
Ethambutol ,isoniazid, for treatment
 2. Coho trout (oncorhynchus Highly contagious
kisutch
Behavioral signs;
3. Rainbow trout (oncorhynchus Irritation
mykiss) Weakness
Lethargy
Loss of apetite
Symptoms
1. Loss of appetite Non specific humoral
2. Abnormal behavior Alternative complement
3. Gasping (immobilization and lysis)
4. Pale gills
5. Ascites/swollen abdomen Non-specific cellular
6. Bleeding on side and belly Non specific cytotoxic cells
7. Inflamed kidney spleen liver Cellular aggregation around parasite
8. Pale heart
Specific humoral
Transmission Ab response against surface
Horizontal glycoproteins
Gills pectoral fins skin GI tract
Shed via mucus urine feces and Theront -> trophont-> tomont->
gonadal fluid tomites

Pathogenesis Detection
ISAV-O targets sialic acid on surface Microscopy
Attachment to endothelial cells,
erythrocytes, leukocytes, gill epithelial Prevention
Systemic Quarantine
Immunization
Diagnosis Formalin
Clinical
RT-PCR Treatment
IFAT CuSO4 (toxic at low)
Virus Formalin (toxic)
Microscopy Kmno4 (less toxic costly)

Mgmt and control

Vaccines 100% effective
Coordinating

Ich Diease
Ichthyopthirius Multifiliis
Ichthyophthriasis (freshwater white
spot disease ich)

Disease
Protozoan
Obligate ectoparasite
Affects freshwater fish
Ubiquitous