lesson

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 Lesson 01

HOW MUCH HOW MANY

Vocabulary:

coffee Book
Drink Student
Juice Food
Money Pet
Bread Kitchen
Bakery Glass
Have Desk
French Foreign
Water See
Outside Ceiling
Shirt Cost
Sugar Eat
Know Garden

How much: Significa cuanto? cuanta? Se usa para preguntar por cantidades
incontables.

Examples
How much coffee do you drink in the morning? How much juice is there in the glass?
I drink a little coffee. There is a little juice.
I drink a lot of coffee.
I drink some coffee.
I drink too much coffee.

How much money do you have now? How much bread is there in the bakery?
I have $20 There is a lot of bread.
a lot of money.
no money.

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How many: Significa Cuantos? Cuantas? Se usa para preguntar por cantidades
contables.

Examples:
How many students are there in class? How many French books do you have?
There are 12 students. I have three French books.
There are too many students. I have some French books.
There are a lot of students.
There are a few students.

How many desks are there here? How many sisters does Peter have?
There is only one. He has five sisters.
There are twenty desks.

Some: Significa algo, algn, alguna (o), algunas (os)..., se usa en las oraciones
afirmativas, en singular y plural, cantidades contables e incontables.

Any: Se usa en las preguntas y en las oraciones negativas. En preguntas negativas

significa algn, alguno (a), algo, algunos (as), pero en oracones negativas significa
ningn, ninguno (a), nada. Tambin se usa con cantidades contables e incontables.

Do you have any pen? Are there any children in the garden?
Yes, I have some pen. Yes, there are some.
No, I dont have any pen. No, there arent any.

Is there any food in the kitchen? Does she have any pet?
Yes, there is some. Yes, she has some dogs.
No, there isnt any. No, she doesnt have any.

Indefinite Pronouns:
Some. Any. No.
Somebody. Anybody. Nobody.
Something. Anything. Nothing.
Sometime - Sometimes. Anytime - Anytimes. No time.
Somewhere. Anywhere. No where.
Somehow. Anyhow. No how.

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Washington English College

Answer these questions:

1. Do you have any foreign friend?

2. Is there any cat in the classroom?

3. Is there anybody in front of the institute?

4. Is there anything on the ceiling?

5. Are there any students outside?

6. How many sisters do you have?

7. How many markers does the teacher have?

8. How much milk do you usually drink?

9. How much does a shirt cost?

10. How heavy are you?

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 Activity 01

1.- Complete these sentences using How much / How many.

1. _______________ brother do you have?

2. _______________ money does he have?

3. _______________ bread do you need?

4. _______________ students do you know?

5. _______________ sugar do you want?

6. _______________ people do you see?

7. _______________ water does he drink?

8. _______________ food do you eat?

2.- Answer these questions using Some / Any. Follow the model.

0. Do you have any pencil?

Yes, I have some pencil.
No, I dont have any pencil.

1. Do you want some water?

____________________________
____________________________

2. Do you know anybody here?

____________________________
____________________________

3. Do you have any cat?

____________________________
____________________________

4. Do you need any help?

____________________________
____________________________

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 Lesson 02
THE COMPARATIVES
Equally Comparisons: AS + ADJECTIVE + AS (long and short adjectives)

My house is as big as Katys house.

(dibujar dos casas de igual tamao)

This book is as small as yours.

(dibujar dos libros de igual de pequeos)

Helen is as pretty as Jane.

(dibujar a dos nias bonitas)

Superiority Comparisions: MORE + ADJECTIVE + THAN (long adjectives)

ADJECTIVES + ER + THAN ( short adjectives)

My mom is more beautiful than Toms mom.

(dibujar una mujer bonita y una no tanto)

This car is more confortable than that car.

(dibujar un carro mas comodo que otro)

Tony is younger than Mary.

(dibujar un hombre mas joven que una mujer)

My dad is taller than my mom.

(dibujar un hombre mas alto que una mujer)
Existe un grupo de adjetivos cuya forma comparativa es diferente a la anterior.

GOOD BETTER BIG BIGGER

BAD WORSE THIN THINNER
LITTLE LESS SAD SADDER
MUCH MORE PRETTY PRETTIER
MANY MORE HAPPY HAPPIER
FAR FARTHER UGLY UGLIER
Martin is better than Luis in math. This office is bigger than mine.
Pto La Cruz is Farther than Caracas. Kelly is prettier than Rachel.

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Superlative Comparisions: THE MOST + ADJECTIVE + IN/OF (long adjectives)

THE+ ADJECTIVE + EST+ IN/OF ( short adjectives)

Bob is the most creative worker in the company.

(dibujar un hombremuy creativo)

My new girlfriend is the most beautiful in the school.

(dibujar una chica muy hermosa)

Paul is the tallest in his family.

(dibujar una pequea familia donde el chico sea mas alto)

This is the smallest house in the neighborhood.

(dibujar una casa sencilla pequea con otra mas grande al lado)

Existen un grupo de adjetivos cuya forma en superlativo es diferente a las anteriores.

GOOD THE BEST BIG THE BIGGEST

BAD THE WORST THIN THE THINNEST
LITTLE THE LEAST SAD THE SADDEST
MUCH THE MOST PRETTY THE PRETTIEST
MANY THE MOST HAPPY THE HAPPIEST
FAR THE FARTHEST UGLY THE UGLIEST

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 Washington English College

EXERCISES:

Answer these questions:

1. Whos the tallest of your family?

2. Are you more studious than your brother?

3. Which is the largest country of the world?

4. Which is the hottest city of Venezuela?

5. Is Valencia the coldest city of V enezuela?

6. Is Caracas smaller than Pto Cabello?

7. Is English easier than Spanish?

8. Are you as strong as your dad?

9. Is Katy as nice as Betty?

10. What is worse a headache or a toothache?

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 Lesson 03

QUESTION WORDS

What? Significa Qu? Se usa para preguntar por personas, animales y cosas.

Examples:

What is your name?

What is that?
What is your favorite color?

Who? Significa Quin? Se usa para pregunar por personas, nunca se usa para pre-
guntar por cosas.
Examples:

Who are you?

Who was in your house last night?
Who washes the dishes?
How? Significa Cmo? Se usa para saber acerca de cmo sucede algo?
cmo se lleva a cabo? Etc.

Examples:

How are you?

How do you practice English?
How does the new machine work?

Whom? Significa A quin? Es usado para preguntar o referirse a alguien.

Examples:
Whom did you see when you were there?
Please return the book to the person from whom you borrowed it.

Whose? Significa De quin? Se usa para preguntar quin es el poseedor de algo.

Examples:

Whose car is that?

Whose book is this?
Whose sharpener?

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Which? Significa Cul? Se usa para preguntar sobre personas y cosas, cuando hay
una eleccin, que hacer.
Examples:

Which color do you prefer?

Which city do you want to visit?
Which is your favorite month?
When? Significa Cuando? Se usa para saber acerca del tiempo o el momento en que
sucede algo.
Examples:

When is your birthday?

When do you visit your Grandparents?
When was that concert?
Where? Significa Donde? Se usa para preguntar por el lugar donde sucede algo o el
lugar donde se encuentra algo o alguien.
Examples:

Where do you live?

Where are from?
Where is the party?
Why? SignificaPor qu? Se usa para saber acerca de la razn por la que sucede algo
la respuesta de una pregunta con Why? Debe ser Because, que significa Porque.
Examples:

Why do you study English? Because I like it.

Why are you here?
Why are you angry?

Vocabulary.
People Machine Party People
Color Book Wash Choice
Favorite Sharpener Live Make
Animal Moth Want Here
House Grandparents Practice Ask
Dish Concert Work Thing
Event Angry Return Never

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 Washington English College

EXERCISES

Answer the following questions. Give long logical answers

1. Why do you eat vegetables?

2. Why do we go to the school?

3. Why does the Teacher come early to class?

4. How is Valencia?

5. How do you go to the beach? Why?

6. How often do you go to the church? Why?

7. When is your birthday?

8. When were you born?

9. When does your mom go to the supermarket?

10. Where do you live?

11. Where do you study?

12. Where does your father work?

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 Lesson 04

VERB CAN
Present Tense Past Tense
I can could
You can could
He can could
She can could
It can could
We can could
You can could
They can could
El verbo auxiliar CAN significa PODER. Expresa HABILIDAD, CAPACIDAD, etc. Se usa
con todos los sujetos gramaticales sin afectar su forma, es decir, es invariable. La forma
negativa de CAN es CANT o CAN NOT y la de COULD es COULDNT o COULD NOT.
Examples:

I can play the piano very well

Helen cant speak Italian
We can learn English in one year
Joe cant drive his fathers car
The students can answer all the questions

We could go to the beach last weekend

They couldnt watch TV last night
I couldnt visit my grandma yesterday
The Teacher could come early today
Miss Hilton could help her daughter

Para hacer preguntas utilizamos la siguiente estructura:

Can / Could + sujeto + verbo + comp?

Examples:

Can you help your father to do his work?

Yes, I can help him to do his work.
No, sorry, I cant. Its very hard.

Can Helen prepare lunch for us?

Yes, she can. She is a great cook.
No, she cant. She is busy now.

Can Elisabeth speak Spanish?

Yes, she can speak it perfectly.
No, she cant but she can speak French.

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Washington English College

EXERCISES
Answer the following questions. Give long logical answers.

1. Can you help a policeman to catch a thief? Why?

2. Can the Teachers explain the classes in English? Why?

3. Can your mom study in this institute? Why?

4. Can the students speak English fluently? Why?

5. Can you help The President to solve our problems? Why?

6. Can you play soccer? Why?

7. Can you help your mom to cook and clean your house? Why?

8. Could you walk when you were two years old?

9. Could your father help you to do your homework when you were in the school?

10. Could you travel to Italy last December?

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 Lesson 05

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Personal Contractions
ElPronouns
presente progresivo expresa una accin que se esta llevando a cabo en este
momento, se forma con el verbo to be y un verbo en gerundio

El gerundio de cualquier verbo se forma agregando ing que significa ando, iendo

Examples:

work working study - studying

watch watching sit - sitting
brush - brushing get - getting
go - going run running
eat - eating swim - swimming

Estructura del presente progresivo

Oracin afirmativa:
Sujeto + verbo to be + verbo gerundio + comp.
Oracin negativa:
Sujeto + verbo to be + not + verbo (Gerundio) + comp.
Oracin interrogativa:
Verbo to be + sujeto + verbo (Gerundio) + comp?

Examples:

Are you studying English now?

Yes, I am studying English now
No, Im not studying English now

Is Helen cooking anything right now?

Yes, she is cooking some meat and salad now
No, shes not. Shes cleaning her bedroom at this moment

Is the Teacher speaking in English now?

Yes, he/she is speaking English with the pupils
No, he/she isnt. She is speaking German

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EXERCISES

1. What are you doing right now?

2. What is your mother doing?

3. What is your mother doing now?

4. Are you and your friends going to the beach at this moment?

5. What is your sister doing now?

6. Is your little brother working right now?

7. Are we practicing Spanish in this class?

8. Are the pupils cleaning the classroom?

9. What are the pupils doing?

10. Are you taking and exam right now?

11. Is Hilary brushing her hair?

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Activity 05

1.- Change these sentences into negative and interrogative form.

1. They are studying English right now.

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

2. The teacher is explaining the class.

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

3. The students are playing a game.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4. I am working in New York.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

5. Helen is going to school.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

6. My friend and I are watching T.V now

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2.- Change these sentences to present tense continuous.

1. Tony lives in Caracas.

____________________________________________________________________

2. They work at Washington English College.

____________________________________________________________________

3. Mr. Wells walks on the Elm Street.

____________________________________________________________________

4. I study English at the University.

____________________________________________________________________

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 Lesson 06

VERB WANT
Personal
Contractions
Pronouns
Want: Este verbo expresa un fuerte deseo, una necesidad o si su forma esta en pasado
con el verbo to be puede significar buscado como adjetivo.

Examples
Desire Need Look for (Adjective)
I want to rest The house wants painting He is wanted for murder
They want to dance The car wants water She is a wanted thief

Want to: Es pronunciado y escrito en algunos casos como Wanna expresa un modo
informal de hablar.

Example:
I dont want to go to Florida / I dont wanna go to Florida

Repeat after the Teacher:

Questions Answers

What does she want? She wants some snacks

What do you want to drink? I want to drink a little milk

What does Carlos want to eat? He wants to eat meat and salad

What do the students want to do? They want to play baseball

Do you want any chicken? Yes, I want some chicken

No, I dont want any chicken

Do you wanna go to a movie? Yes, I wanna go

No, I dont want to go

What do you want to be? I want to be an Artist

What do you want? We want a lot of money

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DIALOGUE
Waiter: Good evening, May I help you?
Jorge: Yes, I am sleepy. I want a cup of coffee. What do you want Jenny?
Jenny: It is hot here. Ill have some lemonade.
Waiter: What do you want to eat?
Jorge: I want some fish.
Waiter: I am sorry, we are all out of fish.
Jorge: Well, Ill take some pork instead
Waiter: What else?
Jorge: Some rice, please.
Waiter: What about you? What do you want?
Jenny: I will take chicken and salad, please.
Waiter: Anything else?
Jorge: No thanks. Do you want to go to a movie tonight?
Jenny: O.K., but I dont have the newspaper. What is playing?
Jorge: Chicago.
Jenny: Who is in it?
Jorge: Zeta-Jones and Richard Gere.
Jenny: O.K., lets go. I like Richard.

Answer these questions:

1. What does Jorge want to drink, why?

__________________________________________________________________________

2. What does Jenny want to drink, why?

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Does Jorge want to eat salad? __________________________________________

4. What does Jorge want to eat?___________________________________________

5. Does the Waiter have any fish? __________________________________________

6. What else Jorge wants? ________________________________________________

7. Does Jenny want to go the movies?______________________________________

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Activity 06

1.- Ask and answer questions. Follow the model.

0. Paul/go to a concert.
What does Paul want to do?
He wants to go to a concert.

1. Mr. And Mrs. Cooper/go to the opera.

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

2. The Morrisons/travel to India.

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

3. Bill/play foot ball.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. Ann/dance in the disco.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

5. You/study Biology.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

6. The children/have a party.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

7. The teacher/explain the lesson.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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 Lesson 07

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Personal
Contractions
Pronouns
Los verbos regulares forman el pasado simple aadiendo -ed al infinitivo.

brush/ brushed call/ called clean/ cleaned comb/ combed

cook/ cooked finish/ finished hurry/ hurried like/ liked
prepare/ prepared pull/ pulled push/ pushed stay/ stayed
stop/ stopped wait/ waited want/ wanted wash/ washed
work/ worked

Si el verbo termina en consonante + y, cambia esta letra por -i antes de aadir -ed.
Study/ studied carry/ carried

En algunos casos siguen la norma general

Play/played stay/stayed

Los verbos irregulares cambian notablemente de forma en el pasado.

begin/ began bring/ brought buy/ bought catch/ caught

come/ came drink/ drank feel/ felt forget/ forgot
get/ got go/went hear/ heard Know/ Knew
make/ made may/might meet/ met pay/ paid
send/ sent sell/sold sing/ sang sleep/ slept
swim/ swam take/ took teach/ taught tell/ told

Los regulares e irregulares, hacen la interrogacin y la negacin con el pasado simple

de do y does: Did + sujeto + verbo en presente + complemento?

Did she work at the post office? Yes, she worked there No, she didn't work there.
Did he get the money? Yes, he got it No, He didn't get it

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EXERCISES

Answer the following questions:

1. What time did you get up last Saturday? _________________________________

2. Did you come to school yesterday morning?______________________________

3. Did you buy new blue Jeans?___________________________________________

4. What did you have for lunch?___________________________________________

5. Did you visit your best friend last weekend?______________________________

6. Where did you go last carnival?_________________________________________

7. What did you drink last night? __________________________________________

8. Did you do your homework?____________________________________________

9. What did you do this morning?__________________________________________

Make sentences according to the model. Use your imagination:

Buy / She bought a new car, she didnt buy a new car
Bring/____________________________________________________________________
Hear/ ____________________________________________________________________
Clean/ ___________________________________________________________________
Understand/_______________________________________________________________
Take/_____________________________________________________________________
Forget/___________________________________________________________________
Prepare/__________________________________________________________________
Sing/_____________________________________________________________________
Swim/____________________________________________________________________

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 Lesson 08

FAMILY MEMBERS
Personal
Contractions
Pronouns
Husband. Wife. Mother. Father.
Daughter. Son. Uncle. Aunt.
Nephew. Niece. Grandfather. Grandmother.
Sister. Brother. Cousin. Granddaughter.
Grandson.

Past Continuous:
Se construye aadiendo al pasado simple del verbo to be + el gerundio del verbo
conjugado.

I was working

Examples:

What were you doing when I called you?

I was reading a book.

Was the teacher singing last night?

Yes, he was singing.
No, he wasnt. He was teaching.

What was your family doing yesterday night?

My mom was preparing dinner, my father was repairing the TV set, my little sister was
playing with her dolls and the dog was sleeping.

What were your classmates doing before last class started?

Daniela and Miguel were chatting, Luis was sending messages, the teacher was
checking some exams and Edwin and I were studying.

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EXERCISES

Answer the following questions:

1. What was your grandfather doing this morning?

2. What was your family doing last Sunday?

3. What was your mother doing two years ago?

4. What were you doing on April 11th 2002?

5. What were your uncles doing last Christmas night?

6. Were you having lunch yesterday morning?

7. Was Peter playing baseball last Sunday?

Make sentences according to the model. Use your creativity:

Dance, fall/ Rebeca was dancing when she fell

Sleep, go/ ________________________________________________________________

Sing, ____________________________________________________________________

Cook, come/_______________________________________________________________

Write a short paragraph about what were you doing last vacation

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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 Activity 08

1.- Change these sentences to past tense continuous.

1. Michael is living in Merida.

_______________________________________

2. The kid is drawing on the blackboard.

_______________________________________

3. I am studying chemistry.
_______________________________________

4. They are playing Baseball in the park.

_______________________________________

5. Susan is working in this project.

______________________________________________________

2.- Change these sentences into negative forms and make questions.

1. The children were watching T.V.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. I was drinking a soda.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. My friend was practicing tennis.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

4. We were eating in the Italian Restaunrant.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

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 Lesson 09

FUTURE TENSE WITH GOING TO

Going to: es usado despus del verbo to be en presente simple y antes de otro
Pnal
verbo, para expreser futuro.
Contractions
Pronouns
She is going to visit a friend next week.
We are going to study tomorrow.
I am going to play the guitar at the party.

En algunos casos del habla informal Going to es pronunciado y escrito como Gonna
You are gonna tell him.

Interrogative sentenses:
Wh + ver to be + subject + going to + verb + comp?
What is she going to do tomorrow?
When are you going to take a shower?
Where are you going to go next Sunday?
Why are you going to close early?

Who + ver to be + going to + verb + comp?

Who is going to pay attention to you dreams?

Examples:
Are you going to watch TV tonight?
Yes, Im going to watch TV tonight.
No, I am not. I am going to study tonight.

Where are you going to sleep?

I am going to sleep in a hotel.

How long are you going to stay in France?

I am going to stay just two weeks.

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EXERCISES

1.- Answer the following questions.

1. Where are you going to go next vacation?

2. How are you going to travel?

3. What are you going to do there?

4. Who are you going to go with?

5. Who are you going to go there?

6. What are you going to eat in that place?

7. How long are you going to be there?

2.- Make sentences according to the model. Use your creativity.

1. ____________________________________________________________
He is going to study English tomorrow.

2. ____________________________________________________________
They are going to cook a cake.

3. ____________________________________________________________
One Saturday, Im going to visit my parents; on Sunday, Im going to take it easy.

4. ____________________________________________________________
Yes, Mary is going to work tonight.

Write some sentences about what are you going to do next saturday.

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 Activity 09

1.- Change these sentences into negative and interrogative form.

1. They are going to wear suits in the party.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

2. I am going to go to France on vacations.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

3. Sheila is going to start a course next year.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

4. We are going to watch the baseball game tonight.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

5. The boy is going to swim in the pool.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

6. Manuel is going to buy a new car.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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 Lesson 10

FUTURE TENSE WITH WILL

Will/This auxiliary is used to show the future. Its negative form is wont.
Pnal
Contractions
Pronouns
Affirmative sentences:
They say that it will rain tomorrow.
She will go to UK next August.
Negative sentences:
I wont go to the party, because I am sick.
She wont eat cake, because she is on a diet.
Interrogative:
What time will you get up the day after tomorrow?
I will get up at seven oclock.
Where will you wait for me?
We will wait for you in the park.

Exercises:

1. Which will be the next baseballs champion team?

2. Will you study at the university soon?

3. When will you call your best friend?

4. What time will you come back home?

5. When will you go to the cinema?

There will be (Habr)

There will be a best future for us.
There will be classes on Saturday.
There wont be time for that.

Make a paragraph about the future you imagine for the human being, start like this:
In the future there will be big cities in the space ( after that discuss it in class).

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Activity 10

1.- Change the following sentences into future tense simple.

1. I am the principal from this school.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Paul is the best worker from his company.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Jane takes a shower in the mornings.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Elizabeth makes a speech about healthy food.

______________________________________________________________________

5. George sings a song in the party.

______________________________________________________________________

2.- Change these sentences into negative form.

1. Alfred an Lewis will open their own business.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Henry will finish his job soon.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Charles will make a phone call.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Mary and Peter will dance at school.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Ralph and Alice will get married in December.

______________________________________________________________________

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