GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng

cc phn thc i s

Tit 28 : php cng cc phn thc i s

A. Mc tiu:
1. Kin thc : Hc sinh nm v vn dng c quy tc cng cc
phn thc i s
2, K nng :
* Hc sinh bit cch trnh by qu trnh thc hin mt php tnh
cng :
+ Tm mu thc chung
+ Vit mt dy biu thc bng nhau theo trnh t :
- Tng cho.
- Tng cho vi mu c phn tch thnh nhn t.
- Tng cc phn thc qui ng mu thc.
- Cng cc t thc, gi nguyn mu thc.
- Rt gn (nu c th).
* HS bit nhn xt c th p dng tnh cht giao hon, kt hp
ca php cng lm cho vic thc hin php tnh c n gin hn.
3. Thi : Rn tnh cn thn, trnh by bi chnh xc, khoa hc.
Rn thi quen lm vic phi t kt qu ti u trong
cng vic.
B. Chun b dy hc:
GV: Gio n, sgk, sch bi tp tham kho, bng ph, my tnh.
HS: Sgk, kin thc hc, dng c hc tp
C. Tin trnh bi ging:
1. Kim din: 8D
8E
2. Ni dung:
Hot ng 1: Kim tra bi c (7 pht)
6 3
1. Quy ng mu thc cc phn thc : v
x 4x
2
2x 8
2. Em hy nu cc bc quy ng mu thc ca nhiu phn thc?
3. Em hy nu quy tc cng phn s hc?

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung

Hot ng 2: t vn (1 pht)
GV: Chng ta nghin cu cc
php ton vi phn s lp 6,
cng nh vy chng ta nghin cu
cc php ton vi phn thc.Vy
php cng cc phn thc i s
1
 GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
c th lm tng trng hp nh
php cng cc phn s hay
khng ?
Bi hm nay c tr chng ta
nghin cu :
Php cng cc phn thc i s
Hot ng 3: Cng hai phn thc cng mu( 8 pht)
GV: Chng ta c quy tc cng
2 phn s cng mu. Mun cng 1. Cng hai phn thc cng mu:
cc phn thc ta cng c qui tc a. Quy tc (SGK T 44)
tng t nh qui tc cng phn s b. V d: Cng hai phn thc
cng mu sau:
GV a qui tc cng hai phn 3x 1 2 x 2
V d 1:
thc cng mu ln mn hnh 7 x2 y 7 x2 y
Sau yu cu HS nhc li qui 2 x 6 x 12
tc. V d 2:
x2 x2
GV: Cho HS t nghin cu v d 1-
tr44 SGK. x 1 4 x 14
V d 3:
GV : Gi mt HS ng ti ch x 5 5 x
thc hin v d 1
GV: Chia lp thnh 2 dy hot
ng c nhn thc hin v d 2
v v d 3

Sau khi nhn xt bi lm ca mt V d 1:

vi HS, GV a bi lm mu ln 3 x 1 2 x 2 3 x 1 2 x 2 5 x 3
mn hnh. 2
2
2
2
7x y 7x y 7x y 7x y
4 x 1 3x 1
V d 2:
5 x3 5 x3
4 x 1 3x 1 7 x 7

5 x3 5 x 3 5x 2
V d 3:
x 1 14 4 x x 1 4 x 14

x 3 3 x x 3 x3
x 1 4 x 14 5 x 15 5 x 3
5
x3 x 3 x3

2
 GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
Qua cc v d trn em rt ra nhn c. Nhn xt: Khi thc hin cng 2
xt g ? phn thc cn ch quy tc i
Su khi HS tr li, GV kt lun ghi du v rt gn kt qu.
bng.
GV a bi ton yu c HS thc Hy thc hin php cng sau:
hin 6 3
HS : khng p dng c quy tc x 4 x 2 x 8
2

va hc v 2 phn thc khng
cng mu.
GV : thc hin c chng ta
phi lm g ? y l ni dung
ca phn tip theo.
Hot ng 4: Cng hai phn thc c mu thc khc nhau (15
pht)
GV: Vy mun cng hai phn 2. Cng hai phn thc c mu
thc c mu thc khc nhau ta thc khc nhau:
lm th no? a. V d: Cng hai phn thc sau
HS tr li cch thc hin, GV yu 6 3
cu HS ng ti ch trnh by, x 2 4 x 2 x 8
GV vit bng.
6 3
Yu cu HS thc hin ?2
Nu HS khng rt gn kt qu, GV x x 4 2 x 4
nn lu HS rt gn n kt 6.2 3.x
qu cui cng
2x x 4 2x x 4
12 3 x 3 x 4 3

2x x 4 2x x 4 2x
GV yu cu HS nhc li quy tc b. Quy tc: (SGK T 44)
GV cht li, ghi bng. c. Cc bc thc hin:
+. Quy ng mu thc ca hai phn
thc
+. Cng cc phn thc c cng mu
( Ch rt gn kt qu nu cn)
GV cho HS t nghin cu V d 2 - Thc hin php cng:
tr45 SGK. 1)
Sau cho HS thc hin hot y 12 6 y 12 6
2
ng nhm thi gian 5 pht 6 y 36 y 6 y 6 y 6 y 6 y 6
Nhm 1, 3, 5 thc hin cu 1
Nhm 2, 4, 6 thchin cu 2.
Sau khi cha xong GV a ln
3
 GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
mn hnh 2 bi gii hon chnh y 12 . y 6.6 y 2 12 y 36
cng nhau hc sinh nhn xt
6 y y 6 6 y y 6 6 y y 6
y 6
2
y6

6 y y 6 6y
Sau khi HS thc hin xong cho
HS nhm khc thc hin nhn 6 y 12 6 y 12
2) 2
xt a ra ch y 6 y 6 y 36 y y 6 6 y 6
6.6

y 12 . y y 2 12 y 36

6 y y 6 6 y y 6 6 y y 6
y 6
2
y 6

6 y y 6 6y

Hot ng 5: Ch ( 7 pht)
Khi thc hin ?3 em c nhn 3. Ch :
xt g? Php cng cc phn thc c cc tnh
GV: Php cng cc phn thc cht sau :
cng c tnh cht giao hon v A C C A
kt hp. Ta c th chng minh cc 1) Giao hon :
B D D B
tnh cht ny.
A C E A C E
2) Kt hp :
B D F B D F
GV cho HS c phn ch tr45 ?4
SGK. 2x x 1 2 x
GV: Cho HS lm ?4 tr46 SGK.
x2 4x 4 x 2 x2 4x 4
GV: Theo em tnh tng ca 3 2x 2 x x 1
phn thc 2 2
x 4x 4 x 4x 4 x 2
2x x 1 2 x
2 2x 2 x x 1
x 4x 4 x 2 x 4x 4
2
x 2 x 2 x 2
2 2
ta lm th no cho nhanh?
GV: Em hy thc hin php tnh 2x 2 x x 1

. x 2 x2
2

HS ln bng trnh by
x2 x 1 1 x 1

x 2 x2 x2 x2
2

1 x 1 x 2
1
x2 x2
4
 GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
Sau khi HS trnh by xong, GV Kt lun: S dng tnh cht giao
a ra kt lun. hon, kt hp trong cc bi tp
vic thc hin tnh ton nhanh v
n gin hn.
GV: Bi hc hm nay chng ta
nghin cu nhng vn no?
Tm tt di dng bn t duy

n A C AC

ph
B B B

h ai u
ng m
C ng
c u
m n
c ng
hai ph
th y
Qu ca
Php cng Cng hai phn
th
c
cc phn thc i s Cnhc
thc khc mu tg h
th
c c ai ph
ng
m n
T u
nh A C C A
ch
t on
oh B D D B
Gia

Kt A C E A C E
hp
B D F B D F

T cc v d trn chng ta cn Mt s iu ch khi thc hin

ch iu g khi thc hin php cng cc phn thc:
php cng cc phn thc? + Rt gn trc khi quy ng (nu c)
+ Quan st biu thc p dng
tnh cht giao han v kt hp ( nu
c)
+Quy tc i du
+ Rt gn kt qu.
Hot ng 6: Gii thiu tr chi (5 pht)
GV cho HS c lut chi Cc cu sau ng hay sai, khi tr li
HS tr li: ng con s m ra c mt ch,hy
1.; 2. S; 3.S; 4.S nhanh tay tm ra ch ?
ch cn tm: Bng hoa im x3 5 x 35
mi Cu 1:
x2 x2 x2
x 3 x3
Cu 2:
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
5
GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
2x x5 2x x5
Cu 3:
x7 7 x x7 x7
1 x 11 x 2
Cu 4: x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1

Hot ng 7: Hng dn v nh (01 pht)

V nh hc thuc hai qui tc v ch .
Bi tp v nh. Bi 21 ; 23 ; 24 tr46 - SGK.
c phn "C th em cha bit" tr47- SGK.

6
GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s

GV a bi tp ln mn hnh Bi 1: Khi thc hin php cng

Yu cu HS trnh by 1
x 1 , hai bn H v Lan lm
x 1
nh sau:
1 x 11 x 2
H : x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
1 x 1 1
2
x2
Lan: x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
Theo em bn no lm ng? Bn
no lm sai? V sao?
GV a bi tp ln mn hnh, gi Bi 2: php cng hai phn thc
HS tr li 1 1
bng biu thc no?
x2 2 x
4 4
A. 0 B. 2 C. D.
x 4 4 x2
2x
x2 4
x9 1 x Bi 3:Rt gn ri tnh gi tr ca
A 2 biu thc
x 9 x x 9x
x9 1 x ti x =11
x9 1 x A 2
x 9 x x 9x
x x 9 x x 9 Nu coi t s ca phn s ti
x9 1 1 gin m em tm c l ngy,
mu l thng th chnh l
x x 9 x 9 mt ngy l ca thng 11. em
x 9 1 1 x 9 bit l ngy g?

x x 9 x
11 9 20
Vi x = 11 th A
11 11
GV a ln mn hnh cc cu hi Em s tm c mt t kho ca
HS tr li: 1- ; 2- S; 3- ; 4- S; 5- ch sau mi cu tr li ng.
S; 6- ; 7- ; 8S. Cc cu sau ng hay sai:
T kho: Mng ngy 20-11-2012 x3 5 x 35
1) x 2 x 2 x2
x 3 x3
2)
x 1 x 1 ( x 1) ( x 1)
x 1 x 18 x 1 18 x
3)
x5 5 x x5 x5
7
GV: Trn Bo Ngc Gio n d thi Tit 28: Php cng
cc phn thc i s
2 x3 2 3 x
4) 3 2 x 2 x 3 3 2 x 3 2 x
2x x5 2x x5
5)
x7 7 x x7 x7
x4 1 x4 1
6) x2 1 x 2
1
1 x2 1 x2
2x 2
7) 3 3
x( x 1) x
1 x2 1 2 x
8)
x 1 x (1 x ) x 1 x ( x 1)

T cc v d trn chng ta cn ch Mt s iu ch khi thc

iu g khi thc hin php hin php cng cc phn
cng cc phn thc? thc:
+ Rt gn trc khi quy ng (nu
c)
+ Quan st biu thc p dng
tnh cht giao han v kt hp
( nu c)
+Quy tc i du
+ Rt gn kt qu.

Hot ng 7: Hng dn v nh
V nh hc thuc hai qui tc v ch .
Bi tp v nh. Bi 21 ; 23 ; 24 tr46 SGK.
c phn "C th em cha bit" tr47 SGK.