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SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels661HORIZONTALPIPESd12ft24in.r112in.t11.0in.(b)FINDHOOPST...

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662CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.311d18in.p450psisallow8200psi(tension)tallow300...

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SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels663(c)CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRAIN 13.97104LONGITUDINALSTRAIN 29.331...

MaximumStressesinBeamsWhensolvingtheproblemsforSection8.4,consideronlytheinplanestressesanddisregardthe...

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SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams665Problem8.42Solvetheprecedingproblemforthefollowingdata:P130kN,b...

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666CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.44AnoverhangingbeamABCwithaguidedsupportatAisofrectangu...

SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams667Problem8.45Solvetheprecedingproblemifthestressanddimensionsareasfo...

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668CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.46Abeamofwideflangecrosssection(seefigure)hasthefollowin...

SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams669Problem8.47Abeamofwideflangecrosssection(seefigure)hasthefollowing...

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670CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.48AW20041.7wideflangebeam(seeTableE1(b).AppendixE)is...

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SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams671Problem8.49AW1214wideflangebeam(seeTableE1(a),AppendixE)issim...

672CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem*8.410AcantileverbeamofTsectionisloadedbyaninclinedforceo...

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SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams673EQUIVALENTLOADSATFREEENDOFBEAMN0PHN03.25kNVPvV5.629kNM...

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674CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem*8.412Solvetheprecedingproblemforacrosssectionmnlocated0.18...

SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings675Solution8.412M65kNmL0.75mc0.18mb20mmh120mmAtsectionmnM...

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676CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.51b13.6ftb22.2ftP1400lbd27.5in.d16.8in.VE...

SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings677Solution8.52Gondolaonaskiliftb180mmsallow100MPa(tension)tallow50M...

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678CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.53PcompressiveforceTTorqued2outerdiameterd1inner...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings679Solution8.54PCompressive_forceP0Powerffrequencyd2outerdiameterd1i...

680CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.55PcompressiveforceTTorqued2outerdiameterd1inner...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings681OUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESSESSolving,p29.60MPa60MPa3.125p28.648MPaSolving...

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682CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.58Thetorsionalpendulumshowninthefigureconsistsofahorizont...

SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings683Solution8.58TorsionalpendulumL2.0md4.0mmM60kgG80GPasallow100...

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684CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.59Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesat...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings685MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsts1MAXIMUMCOMPRESSIVESTRESSscs2MAXIMUMINPLANE
SHEAR...

686CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.510CylindricalpressurevesselT120kNmr300mmt15mmP...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings687Problem8.511AnLshapedbracketlyinginahorizontalplanesupportsaloadP150l...

688CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressPRINCIPALSTRESSESANDMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSs14324psis21870psiMAXIMU...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings689STRESSELEMENTATTHETOPOFTHEBARATBsx0sysBtxytBPRINCIPALSTRESSES:...

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690CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressRESULTANTFORCESACTINGONABPweightofABandBCPqLpgLd2/4(2)T...

SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings691Solution8.514Cylindricaltankr50mmt3.0mmp3.5MPaT450Nmsallow7...

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692CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.515P240lbb5ftlengthofarmh27ftheightofpostr2...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings693Problem8.516Asignissupportedbyapipe(seefigure)havingouterdiameter110mma...

694CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSATPOINTBMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSATPOINTCsx0sy0t...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings695Solution8.517PIPE:d210.5in.d18.5in.A29.845in.2I340.421in.4Ip2...

696CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.518AhorizontalbracketABCconsistsoftwoperpendiculararmsABo...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings697Problem8.519AcylindricalpressurevesselwithflatendsissubjectedtoatorqueTa...

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698CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.520Forpurposesofanalysis,asegmentofthecrankshaftinavehic...

SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings699Solution8.520P1.0kNb180mmb2120mmb340mmPROPERTIESOFTHECROSSSEC...

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700CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.521AmoveablesteelstandsupportsanautomobileengineweighingW...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings701Solution8.521W7501bFy2001bb2.5in.d30in.x124in.Ab2(b...

702CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.522AmountainbikeridergoinguphillappliesforceP65Ntoeac...

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sx17.863MPa(tensilestress)sy0txy2.977MPas2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasx...

704CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.523Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesa...

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SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings705Solution8.523Crosssectiont0.125in.Thicknessd22in.Outerwidthd1d22...

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706CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSIDEOFTHECROSSSECTION(ATPOINTA)BOTTOMOFTHECROSSSECTION(ATPOINTA)...

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Chapter8

1.1.SphericalPressureVesselsWhensolvingtheproblemsforSection8.2,assumethatthegivenradiusordiameterisaninsidedimensionandthatallinternal
pressuresaregagepressures.Problem8.21Alargesphericaltank(seefigure)containsgasatapressureof450psi.Thetankis42ftindiameterandis
constructedofhighstrengthsteelhavingayieldstressintensionof80ksi.Determinetherequiredthickness(tothenearest1/4inch)ofthewallofthetankifa
factorofsafetyof3.5withrespecttoyieldingisrequired.Probs.8.21and8.228ApplicationsofPlaneStress(PressureVessels,Beams,andCombined
Loadings)649Solution8.21Radius:r252in.InternalPressure:p450psiYieldstress:sY80ksi(steel)Factorofsafety:n3.5MINIMUMWALL
THICKNESStminFromEq.(81):orsYnpr2tsmaxpr2tr1242*12t2.481in.tonearest1/4inch,tmin2.5in.tprn2sY08Ch08.qxd
9/18/0811:03AMPage649
2.2.650CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.22Solvetheprecedingproblemiftheinternalpressureis3.75MPa,thediameteris19m,theyield
stressis570MPa,andthefactorofsafetyis3.0.Determinetherequiredthicknesstothenearestmillimeter.Solution8.22Radius:r9.5103mmInternal
Pressure:p3.75MPaYieldstress:sY570MPaFactorofsafety:n3MINIMUMWALLTHICKNESStminFromEq.(81):orsYnpr2tsmaxpr2t
r12(19m)t93.8mmUsethenexthighermillimetertmin94mmtprn2sYProblem8.23Ahemisphericalwindow(orviewport)inadecompression
chamber(seefigure)issubjectedtoaninternalairpressureof80psi.Theportisattachedtothewallofthechamberby18bolts.FindthetensileforceFineach
boltandthetensilestresssintheviewportiftheradiusofthehemisphereis7.0in.anditsthicknessis1.0in.Solution8.23HemisphericalviewportFREEBODY
DIAGRAMTtotaltensileforcein18boltsFHORIZTpA0TpAp(pr2)FforceinoneboltTENSILESTRESSINVIEWPORT(EQ.81)s
pr2t280psiFT18118(ppr2)684lbaRadius:r7.0in.Internalpressure:p80psiWallthickness:t1.0in.18bolts08Ch08.qxd9/18/08
11:03AMPage650
3.3.SECTION8.2SphericalPressureVessels651Problem8.24Arubberball(seefigure)isinflatedtoapressureof60kPa.Atthatpressurethediameterofthe
ballis230mmandthewallthicknessis1.2mm.TherubberhasmodulusofelasticityE3.5MPaandPoissonsratiov0.45.Determinethemaximumstress
andstrainintheball.Prob.8.24,8.25Solution8.24RubberballCROSSSECTIONMAXIMUMSTRESS(EQ.81)MAXIMUMSTRAIN(EQ.84)
0.452maxpr2tE(1v)(60kPa)(115mm)2(1.2mm)(3.5MPa)(0.55)2.88MPasmaxpr2t(60kPa)(115mm)2(1.2mm)Radius:r(230
mm)/2115mmInternalpressure:p60kPaWallthickness:t1.2mmModulusofelasticity:E3.5MPa(rubber)Poissonsratio:v0.45(rubber)Problem
8.25Solvetheprecedingproblemifthepressureis9.0psi,thediameteris9.0in.,thewallthicknessis0.05in.,themodulusofelasticityis500psi,andPoissons
ratiois0.45.Solution8.25RubberballCROSSSECTIONModulusofelasticity:E500psi(rubber)Poissonsratio:v0.45(rubber)MAXIMUMSTRESS
(EQ.81)MAXIMUMSTRAIN(EQ.84)0.446maxpr2tE(1v)(9.0psi)(4.5in.)2(0.05in.)(500psi)(0.55)405psismaxpr2t(9.0psi)
(4.5in.)2(0.05in.)Radius:Internalpressure:p9.0psiWallthickness:t0.05in.r12(9.0in.)4.5in.08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage651
4.4.652CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.26Asphericalsteelpressurevessel(diameter480mm,thickness8.0mm)iscoatedwithbrittle
lacquerthatcrackswhenthestrainreaches150106(seefigure).Whatinternalpressurepwillcausethelacquertodevelopcracks?(AssumeE205GPa
andv0.30.)CracksincoatingSolution8.26SphericalvesselwithbrittlecoatingCROSSSECTIONCracksoccurwhen max150106FromEq.(8
4):2.93MPaP2(8.0mm)(205GPa)(150*106)(240mm)(0.70)P2tEmaxr(1v)maxpr2tE(1v)r240mmE205GPa(steel)t8.0
mmv0.30Problem8.27Asphericaltankofdiameter48in.andwallthickness1.75in.containscompressedairatapressureof2200psi.Thetankis
constructedoftwohemispheresjoinedbyaweldedseam(seefigure).(a)Whatisthetensileloadf(lbperin.oflengthofweld)carriedbytheweld?(b)Whatis
themaximumshearstresstmaxinthewallofthetank?(c)Whatisthemaximumnormalstrain inthewall?(Forsteel,assumeE30106psiandv0.29.)
Probs.8.27and8.28WeldSolution8.27r24in.E30106psit1.75in.v0.29(steel)(a)TENSILELOADCARRIEDBYWELDTTotalloadf
loadperinchTpAppr2cCircumferenceoftank2pr26.4k/in.(2200psi)(24in.)2fTcp1pr222prpr2(b)MAXIMUMSHEAR
STRESSINWALL(EQ.83)(c)MAXIMUMNORMALSTRAININWALL(EQ.84)3.57*104maxpr(1v)2tE(2200psi)(24in.)(0.71)
2(1.75in.)130106psi27543psitmaxpr4t(2200psi)(24in.)4(1.75in.)08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage652
5.5.SECTION8.2SphericalPressureVessels653Problem8.28Solvetheprecedingproblemforthefollowingdata:diameter1.0m,thickness48mm,pressure
22MPa,modulus210GPa,andPoissonsratio0.29.Solution8.28r0.5mE210GPat48mmv0.29(steel)(a)TENSILELOADCARRIEDBY
WELDTTotalloadfloadperinchTpAppr2cCircumferenceoftank2pr5.5MN/mfTcp1pr222prpr2(22MPa)(0.5m)2(b)
MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSINWALL(EQ.83)(c)MAXIMUMNORMALSTRAININWALL(EQ.84)3.87*104maxpr(1v)2tE
(22MPa)(0.5m)0.712(48mm)(210GPa)57.3MPatmaxpr4t(22MPa)(0.5m)4(48mm)Problem8.29Asphericalstainlesssteeltankhavinga

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diameterof22in.isusedtostorepropanegasatapressureof2450psi.Thepropertiesofthesteelareasfollows:yieldstressintension,140,000psiyieldstress
inshear,65,000psimodulusofelasticity,30106psiandPoissonsratio,0.28.Thedesiredfactorofsafetywithrespecttoyieldingis2.8.Also,thenormal
strainmustnotexceed1100106.Determinetheminimumpermissiblethicknesstminofthetank.Solution8.29r11in.E30106psip2450psiv
0.28(steel)sY140000psin2.8tY65000psi max1100106MIMIMUMWALLTHICKNESSt(1)TENSION(EQ.81)(2450psi)(11in.)
2140000psi2.80.269in.t1pr2smaxpr2asYnbsmaxpr2t1(2)SHEAR(EQ.83)(3)STRAIN(EQ.84)t3t2t1Thus,tmin0.294in.
0.294in.(2450psi)(11in.)211100*1062130*106psi20.72t3pr2maxE(1v)maxpr2t3E(1v)t2pr4tYn(2450psi)(11in.)4
65000psi2.80.29in.tmaxpr4t208Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage653
6.6.654CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.210Solvetheprecedingproblemifthediameteris500mm,thepressureis18MPa,theyield
stressintensionis975MPa,theyieldstressinshearis460MPa,thefactorofsafetyis2.5,themodulusofelasticityis200GPa,Poissonsratiois0.28,andthe
normalstrainmustnotexceed1210106.Solution8.210r250mmE200GPap18MPav0.28(steel)sY975MPan2.5tY460MPa
max1210106MINIMUMWALLTHICKNESSt(1)TENSION(EQ.81)(18MPa)(250mm)2975MPa2.55.769mmt1pr2smaxpr2a
sYnbsmaxpr2t1(2)SHEAR(EQ.83)(3)STRAIN(EQ.84)t3t2t1Thus,tmin6.69mm6.694mm(18MPa)(250mm)211210*106
2(200GPa)0.72t3pr2maxE(1v)maxpr2t3E(1v)t2pr4tYn(18MPa)(250mm)4460MPa2.56.114mmtmaxpr4t2Problem8.2
11Ahollowpressurizedspherehavingradiusr4.8in.andwallthicknesst0.4in.isloweredintoalake(seefigure).Thecompressedairinthetankisata
pressureof24psi(gagepressurewhenthetankisoutofthewater).AtwhatdepthD0willthewallofthetankbesubjectedtoacompressivestressof90psi?D0
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage654
7.7.SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels655Solution8.211PressurizedsphereunderwaterCROSSSECTIONr4.8in.p124psit0.4in.g
densityofwater62.4lb/ft3(1)INAIR:p124psiD0depthofwater(in.)Compressivestressintankwallequals90psi.(Note:sispositiveintension.)
1080in.90ftSolveforD0:D02340.216671440.21667D090psi(24psi0.03611D0)(4.8in.)2(0.4in.)spr2t(p1p2)r2ts90
psip2gD0a62.4lb/ft31728in.3/ft3bD00.036111D0(psi)(2)UNDERWATER:p124psiCylindricalPressureVesselsWhensolvingtheproblems
forSection8.3,assumethatthegivenradiusordiameterisaninsidedimensionandthatallinternalpressuresaregagepressures.Problem8.31Ascubatank(see
figure)isbeingdesignedforaninternalpressureof1600psiwithafactorofsafetyof2.0withrespecttoyielding.Theyieldstressofthesteelis35,000psiin
tensionand16,000psiinshear.Ifthediameterofthetankis7.0in.,whatistheminimumrequiredwallthickness?(1)INAIR(2)UNDERWATER08Ch08.qxd
9/18/0811:03AMPage655
8.8.656CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.31ScubatankCylindricalpressurevesselp1600psin2.0d7.0in.r3.5in.sY35,000
psi Y16,000psiFindrequiredwallthicknesst.(1)BASEDONTENSION(EQ.85)(2)BASEDONSHEAR(EQ.810)Sheargovernssincet2t1
tmin0.350in.t2pr2tallow(1600psi)(3.5in.)2(8,000psi)0.350in.tmaxpr2tt1prsallow(1600psi)(3.5in.)17,500psi0.320in.smaxprt
sallowsYn17,500psitallowtYn8,000psiProblem8.32Atallstandpipewithanopentop(seefigure)hasdiameterd2.2mandwallthicknesst
20mm.(a)Whatheighthofwaterwillproduceacircumferentialstressof12MPainthewallofthestandpipe?(b)Whatistheaxialstressinthewallofthetank
duetothewaterpressure?dhSolution8.32d2.2mr1.1mt20mmweightdensityofwaterheightofwaterhwaterpressurep h(a)HEIGHTOF
WATERs1prt12MPa0.00981h(1.1m)20mmg9.81kN/m3(b)AXIALSTRESSINTHEWALLDUETOWATERPRESSUREALONE
Becausethetopofthetankisopen,theinternalpressureofthewaterproducesnoaxial(longitudinal)stressesinthewallofthetank.Axialstressequalszero.h
12(20)0.00981(1.1)22.2m08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage656
9.9.SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels657Problem8.33Aninflatablestructureusedbyatravelingcircushastheshapeofahalfcircularcylinderwith
closedends(seefigure).Thefabricandplasticstructureisinflatedbyasmallblowerandhasaradiusof40ftwhenfullyinflated.Alongitudinalseamrunsthe
entirelengthoftheridgeofthestructure.Ifthelongitudinalseamalongtheridgetearsopenwhenitissubjectedtoatensileloadof540poundsperinchofseam,
whatisthefactorofsafetynagainsttearingwhentheinternalpressureis0.5psiandthestructureisfullyinflated?LongitudinalseamSolution8.33Inflatable
structureHalfcircularcylinderr40ft480in.Internalpressurep0.5psiTtensileforceperunitlengthoflongitudinalseamSeamtearswhenTTmax
540lb/in.Findfactorofsafetyagainsttearing.CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRESS(EQ.85)wheretthicknessoffabricActualvalueofTduetointernalpressure
s1tTs1tpr(0.5psi)(480in.)240lb/in.FACTOROFSAFETYnTmaxT540lb/in.240lb/in.2.25s1prtProblem8.34Athinwalled
cylindricalpressurevesselofradiusrissubjectedsimultaneouslytointernalgaspressurepandacompressiveforceFactingattheends(seefigure).Whatshould
bethemagnitudeoftheforceFinordertoproducepureshearinthewallofthecylinder?FFSolution8.34CylindricalpressurevesselrRadiuspInternal
pressureSTRESSES(SEEEQ.85AND86):s2pr2tFApr2tF2prts1prt08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage657
10.10.658CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressFORPURESHEAR,thestressess1ands2mustbeequalinmagnitudeandoppositeinsign(see,e.g.,Fig.7
11inSection7.3).s1s2ORSolveforF:F3ppr2prtapr2tF2prtbProblem8.35Astraingageisinstalledinthelongitudinaldirectiononthe
surfaceofanaluminumbeveragecan(seefigure).Theradiustothicknessratioofthecanis200.Whenthelidofthecanispoppedopen,thestrainchangesby0
170106.Whatwastheinternalpressurepinthecan?(AssumeE10106psiandv0.33.)12FLOZ(355mL)Solution8.35AluminumcanE10
106psiv0.33 0changeinstrainwhenpressureisreleased170106Findinternalpressurep.rt200STRAININLONGITUDINAL
DIRECTION(EQ.811a)Substitutenumericalvalues:p2(10*106psi)(170*106)(200)(10.66)50psi20p2tE0(r)(12v)2E0
(r/t)(12v)2pr2tE(12v)orp2tE2r(12v)08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage658
11.11.SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels659Problem8.36Acircularcylindricalsteeltank(seefigure)containsavolatilefuelunderpressure.Astrain
gageatpointArecordsthelongitudinalstraininthetankandtransmitsthisinformationtoacontrolroom.Theultimateshearstressinthewallofthetankis84
MPa,andafactorofsafetyof2.5isrequired.Atwhatvalueofthestrainshouldtheoperatorstakeactiontoreducethepressureinthetank?(Dataforthesteel
areasfollows:modulusofelasticityE205GPaandPoissonsratiov0.30.)ACylindricaltankPressurereliefvalveSolution8.36tULT84MPaE205
GPav0.3n2.5tmax33.6MPaFindmaximumallowablestrainreadingatthegageFromEq.(810)Pmax2ttmaxrtmaxs12pr2ts2pr2ts1
prttmaxtULTnFromEq.(811a) max6.56105maxtmaxE(12v)2maxpmaxr2tE(12v)tmaxE(12v)2pr2tE(12v)
Problem8.37Acylinderfilledwithoilisunderpressurefromapiston,asshowninthefigure.Thediameterdofthepistonis1.80in.andthecompressiveforceF
is3500lb.Themaximumallowableshearstresstallowinthewallofthecylinderis5500psi.Whatistheminimumpermissiblethicknesstminofthecylinderwall?
(Seethefigureonthenextpage.)Probs.8.37and8.38CylinderFPistonpSolution8.37Cylinderwithinternalpressured1.80in.r0.90in.F3500lb
tallow5500psiFindminimumthicknesstmin.Pressureincylinder:pFAFpr2Maximumshearstress(Eq.810):Minimumthickness:Substitutenumerical
values:tmin3500lb2p(0.90in.)(5500psi)0.113in.tminF2prtallowtmaxpr2tF2prt08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage659
12.12.660CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.38Solvetheprecedingproblemifd90mm,F42kN,andtallow40MPa.Solution8.38
Cylinderwithinternalpressured90mmr45mmF42.0kNtallow40MPaFindminimumthicknesstmin.Pressureincylinder:pFAFpr2Maximum
shearstress(Eq.810):Minimumthickness:Substitutenumericalvalues:tmin42.0kN2p(45mm)(40MPa)3.71mmtminF2prtallowtmaxpr2tF
2prtProblem8.39Astandpipeinawatersupplysystem(seefigure)is12ftindiameterand6inchesthick.Twohorizontalpipescarrywateroutofthe
standpipeeachis2ftindiameterand1inchthick.Whenthesystemisshutdownandwaterfillsthepipesbutisnotmoving,thehoopstressatthebottomofthe
standpipeis130psi.(a)Whatistheheighthofthewaterinthestandpipe?(b)Ifthebottomsofthepipesareatthesameelevationasthebottomofthestandpipe,
whatisthehoopstressinthepipes?Solution8.39Verticalstandpiped12ft144in.r72in.t6in.s1hoopstressatbottomofstandpipe130psig

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62.4lb/ft362.41728lb/in.3(a)FINDHEIGHThOFWATERINTHESTANDPIPEppressureatbottomofstandpipeghFromEq.(85):Substitute
numericalvalues:25fth(130psi)(6in.)a62.41728lb/in.3b(72in.)300in.s1prtghrtorhs1tgr08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage660
13.13.SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels661HORIZONTALPIPESd12ft24in.r112in.t11.0in.(b)FINDHOOPSTRESSs1INTHE
PIPESSincethepipesare2ftindiameter,thedepthofwatertothecenterofthepipesisabout24ft.h124ft288in.p1gh1Basedontheaverage
pressureinthepipes:s1125psi125psia62.41728lb/in.3b(288in.)(12in.)1.0in.s1p1r1t1gh1r1t1Problem8.310Acylindricaltankwith
hemisphericalheadsisconstructedofsteelsectionsthatareweldedcircumferentially(seefigure).Thetankdiameteris1.25m,thewallthicknessis22mm,andthe
internalpressureis1750kPa.(a)Determinethemaximumtensilestressshintheheadsofthetank.(b)Determinethemaximumtensilestressscinthecylindrical
partofthetank.(c)Determinethetensilestressswactingperpendiculartotheweldedjoints.(d)Determinethemaximumshearstressthintheheadsofthetank.
Probs.8.310and8.311(e)Determinethemaximumshearstresstcinthecylindricalpartofthetank.WeldedseamsSolution8.310d1.25mt22mmp
1750kPa(a)MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSINHEMISPHERES(EQ.81)sh24.9MPa(b)MAXIMUMSTRESSINCYLINDER(EQ.85)sc49.7
MPascprtshpr2trd2(c)TENSILESTRESSINWELDS(EQ.86)sw24.9MPa(d)MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSINHEMISPHERES(EQ.
83)th12.43MPa(e)MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSINCYLINDER(EQ.810)tc24.9MPatcpr2tthpr4tswpr2tProblem8.311A
cylindricaltankwithdiameterd18in.issubjectedtointernalgaspressurep450psi.Thetankisconstructedofsteelsectionsthatareweldedcircumferentially
(seefigure).Theheadsofthetankarehemispherical.Theallowabletensileandshearstressesare8200psiand3000psi,respectively.Also,theallowabletensile
stressperpendiculartoaweldis6250psi.Determinetheminimumrequiredthicknesstminof(a)thecylindricalpartofthetankand(b)thehemisphericalheads.
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage661
14.14.662CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.311d18in.p450psisallow8200psi(tension)tallow3000psi(shear)WELDsa6250
psi(tension)(a)FINDMINIMUMTHICKNESSOFCYLINDERTENSIONtmin0.494in.SHEARtmin0.675in.WELDspr2ttminpr2tallow
tmaxpr2ttminprsallowsmaxprtrd2tmin0.324in.(b)FINDMINIMUMTHICKNESSOFHEMISPHERESTENSIONtmin0.247in.
SHEARtmin0.338in.tmin0.338in.tminpr4tallowtmaxpr4ttminpr2sallowsmaxpr2ttmin0.675in.tminpr2saProblem*8.312A
pressurizedsteeltankisconstructedwithahelicalweldthatmakesananglea55withthelongitudinalaxis(seefigure).Thetankhasradiusr0.6m,wall
thicknesst18mm,andinternalpressurep2.8MPa.Also,thesteelhasmodulusofelasticityE200GPaandPoissonsratiov0.30.Determinethe
followingquantitiesforthecylindricalpartofthetank.(a)Thecircumferentialandlongitudinalstresses.(b)Themaximuminplaneandoutofplaneshearstresses.
(c)Thecircumferentialandlongitudinalstrains.(d)ThenormalandshearstressesactingonplanesparallelandperpendiculartoProbs.8.312and8.313the
weld(showthesestressesonaproperlyorientedstresselement).Solution8.312a55degr0.6mt18mmp2.8MPaE200GPav0.3(a)
CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRESSs193.3MPaLONGITUDIALSTRESSs246.7MPas2pr2ts1prt(b)INPLANESHEARSTRESSt123.3
MPaOUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESSt246.7MPat2s12t1s1s22Helicalwelda08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:03AMPage662
15.15.SECTION8.3CylindricalPressureVessels663(c)CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRAIN 13.97104LONGITUDINALSTRAIN 29.33105
(d)STRESSONWELDu90degau35degsxs2sx46.667MPasys1sy93.333MPatxy02s2E(12v)1s12E(2v)Foru
35degsx162.0MPatx1y121.9MPasy1sxsysx1sy178.0MPatx1y1sxsy2sin(2u)+txycos(2u)+txysin(2u)sx1sx+sy2+
sxsy2cos(2u)Problem*8.313Solvetheprecedingproblemforaweldedtankwitha62,r19in.,t0.65in.,p240psi,E30106psi,andv
0.30.Solution8.313a62degr19in.t0.65in.p240psiE30106psiv0.3(a)CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRESSLONGITUDIALSTRESS(b)
INPLANESHEARSTRESSOUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESS(c)CIRCUMFERENTIALSTRAIN 11.9881041s12E(2v)t23508
psit2s12t11754psit1s1s22s23508psis2pr2ts17015psis1prtLONGITUDINALSTRAIN 24.68105(d)STRESSON
WELDu90degau28degsxs2sx3.508103psisys1sy7.015103psitxy0Foru28degsy1sxsysx1sy16242psitx1y1
1454psitx1y1sxsy2sin(2u)+txycos(2u)sx14281psi+txysin(2u)sx1sx+sy2+sxsy2cos(2u)2s2E(12v)08Ch08.qxd
9/18/0811:03AMPage663
16.16.MaximumStressesinBeamsWhensolvingtheproblemsforSection8.4,consideronlytheinplanestressesanddisregardtheweightsofthebeamsProblem
8.41AcantileverbeamofrectangularcrosssectionissubjectedtoaconcentratedloadP17kactingatthefreeend(seefigure).Thebeamhaswidthb3in.
andheighth12in.PointAislocatedatdistancec2.5ftfromthefreeendanddistanced9in.fromthebottomofthebeam.Calculatetheprincipalstresses
s1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxatpointA.Showthesestressesonsketchesofproperlyorientedelements.Probs.8.41and8.42PcAbdh
Solution8.41P17kc2.5ftb3in.d9in.h12in.v0.3STRESSATPOINTAI432in.4MPcM5.1105lbin.VPV1.7104
lbyA3in.sx3.542103psiQ40.5in.3t531.25psitxytsx3.542103psisy0txy531.25psiPRINCIPALSTRESSESup8.35degup
12atana2txysxsybtan12up22txysxsy2txysxsy0.3tVQIbQbdah2d2bsxMyAIyAh2+dIbh312Foru1upu1
8.35degsx160.306MpaForu290degupu298.35degsx277.971psiTherefores1sx2up1u2s2sx1up2u1MAXIMUMSHEAR
STRESSESus1up145degus2us190degsavg1771psisavgsx+sy2us2143.4degus153.4degtmax1849psitmaxAasxsy
2b2+txy2up28.35degs23620psiup198.4degs178.0psi+txysin(2u2)sx2sx+sy2+sxsy2cos(2u2)+txysin(2u1)sx1sx+
sy2+sxsy2cos(2u1)664CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStress08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage664
17.17.SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams665Problem8.42Solvetheprecedingproblemforthefollowingdata:P130kN,b80mm,h260mm,c
0.6m,andd220mm.Solution8.42P130kNc0.6mb80mmd220mmh260mmv0.3STRESSATPOINTAI1.172108mm4M
PcM7.8104NmVPV1.3105NyA90mmsx59.911MPaQ3.52105mm3t4.882MPatxytsx59.911MPasy0txy
4.882MPaPRINCIPALSTRESSESup4.628degup12atana2txysxsybtan(2up)2txysxsy2txysxsy0.163tVQIbQbdah2d
2bsxMyAIyAh2+d#Ibh312Foru1upu14.628degsx160.306MPaForu290degupu294.628degsx20.395MPa
Therefores1sx1up1u1s2sx2up2u2MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSESus1up145degus2us190degsavg30.0degsavgsx+sy2
us249.6degus140.4degtmax30.4MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2up294.6degs20.395MPaup14.63degs160.3MPa
+txysin(2u2)sx2sx+sy2+sxsy2cos(2u2)+txysin(2u1)sx1sx+sy2+sxsy2cos(2u1)Problem8.43Asimplebeamofrectangularcross
section(width4in.,height10in.)carriesauniformloadof1200lb/ftonaspanof12ft(seefigure).Findtheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximumshear
stresstmaxatacrosssection2ftfromthelefthandsupportateachofthefollowinglocations:(a)theneutralaxis,(b)2in.abovetheneutralaxisand(c)thetopof
thebeam.(Disregardthedirectcompressivestressesproducedbytheuniformloadbearingagainstthetopofthebeam.)10in.4in.1200lb/ft2ft12ft
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage665
18.18.666CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.44AnoverhangingbeamABCwithaguidedsupportatAisofrectangularcrosssectionand
supportsconcentratedloadsPbothatAandatthefreeendC(seefigure).ThespanlengthfromAtoBisL,andthelengthoftheoverhangisL/2.Thecross
sectionhaswidthbandheighth.PointDislocatedmidwaybetweenthesupportsatadistancedfromthetopfaceofthebeam.Knowingthatthemaximumtensile
stress(principalstress)atpointDiss135MPa.determinethemagnitudeoftheloadP.Dataforthebeamareasfollows:L1.75m,b50mm,Probs.8.44
and8.45h200mm,andd40mm.Solution8.43b4in.h10in.AbhI333.333in.4c2ftL12ftRA7.2103lbM1.44105lbin.V
RAqcV4.8103lb(a)NEUTRALAXISsx0sy0txy180psiPureshear:s1txys2s1tmaxs1s1180psis2180psi(b)2IN.
ABOVETHENEUTRALAXISy2in.d3in.sx864psisy0Q42in.3Qbdah2d2bsxMyItmax180psitxy3V2A#M
RAcqc22RAqL2q1200lb/ftIbh312txy151.2psi(c)TOPOFTHEBEAMsx2.16103psisy0txy0Uniaxialstress:s1sys1

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0psis2sxs22.16103psitmax1080psitmaxAasx2b2+txy2sxMah2bItmax458psitmaxAasx2b2+txy2s2890psi
s2sx2Aasx2b2+txy2s125.7psis1sx2+Aasx2b2+txy2txyVQIbBPPhbDdCAL2L2L2L2L2L2
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage666
19.19.SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams667Problem8.45Solvetheprecedingproblemifthestressanddimensionsareasfollows:s12450psi,L
80in.,b2.5in.,h10in.,andd2.5in.Solution8.44L1.75mb50mmh200mmd40mmMaximumprincipalstressatpointD:RB0VDP
STRESSATPOINTDI3.333107mm4y60mmsy0sxMyI(PL)yI(3150P)N>m2yh2dIbh312MD32PL+PL2
PLMA32PLMAPL+PL2Q1.6105mm3PRINCIPALSTRESSESWiths135MPaP11.10kNPs13.153*103sx2+Aasx2b
2+txy2(3.153*103)Ps1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyVQIb(96P)N>m2Qbdah2d2bSolution8.45L80in.b2.5in.h
10in.d2.5in.MaximumprincipalstressatpointD:RB0VDPSTRESSATPOINTDI208.333in.4y2.5in.sy0sxMyI(PL)yI
(0.96P)lbin.2yh2dIbh312MD32PL+PL2PLMA32PLMAPL+PL2Q23.438in.3PRINCIPALSTRESSESWiths1
2450psiP2.55kPs10.962sx2+Aasx2b2+txy2(0.962P)1bin.2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyVQIb(0.045P)lb/in.2Q
bdah2d2b08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage667
20.20.668CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.46Abeamofwideflangecrosssection(seefigure)hasthefollowingdimensions:b120mm,t
10mm,h300mm,andh1260mm.ThebeamissimplysupportedwithspanlengthL3.0m.AconcentratedloadP120kNactsatthemidpointofthe
span.Atacrosssectionlocated1.0mfromthelefthandsupport,determinetheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxateachofthe
followinglocations:(a)thetopofthebeam,(b)thetopoftheweb,and(c)theneutralaxis.Probs.8.46and8.47h1htbSolution8.46Simplysupported
beamP120kNL3.0mc1.0mb120mmt10mmh300mmh1260mm(a)TOPOFTHEBEAM(POINTA)Ibh312(bt)h1312
108.89*106mm4VP260kNMPc260kN#m(b)TOPOFTHEWEB(POINTB)(c)NEUTRALAXIS(POINTC)sx0sy0420.5*
103mm3Qbah2bah4b(bt)ah12bah14btmaxAasxsy2b2+txy240.3MPas14.5MPa,s276.1MPa35.8240.32
MPas1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy218.51MPatxyVQIt(60kN)(336*103mm3)(108.89*106mm4)(10mm)Q(b)ahh1
2bah+h14b336*103mm3sy071.63MPasxMyI(60kN#m)(130mm)108.89*106mm4Uniaxialstress:s10s282.7MPa
tmax41.3MPaKsy0txy082.652MPasxMcI(60kN#m)(150mm)108.89*106mm408Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage668
21.21.SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams669Problem8.47Abeamofwideflangecrosssection(seefigure)hasthefollowingdimensions:b5in.,t
0.5in.,h12in.,andh110.5in.ThebeamissimplysupportedwithspanlengthL10ftandsupportsauniformloadq6k/ft.Calculatetheprincipal
stressess1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxatacrosssectionlocated3ftfromthelefthandsupportateachofthefollowinglocations:(a)thebottomof
thebeam,(b)thebottomoftheweb,and(c)theneutralaxis.23.17MPatxyVQIt(60kN)(420.5*103mm3)(108.89*106mm4)(10mm)
Pureshear:s123.2MPa,s223.2MPatmax23.2MPaKSolution8.47Simplysupportedbeamq6.0k/ftL10ft120in.c3ft36in.b5.0in.
t0.5in.h12in.h110.5in.(a)BOTTOMOFTHEBEAM(POINTA)Uniaxialstress:s115,870psi,s20tmax7930psidsy0txy0
15,866psisxMcI(756,000lbin.)(6.0in.)285.89in.4Ibh312(bt)h1312285.89in.4VqL2qc12,000lbMqLc2qc22
756,000lbin.(b)BOTTOMOFTHEWEB(POINTB)6941.57163.9psis1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy21771psitxyVQIt
(12,000lb)(21.094in.3)(285.89in.4)(0.5in.)sy0Qbahh12bah+h14b21.094in.313,883psisxMyI(756,000lbin.)(5.25in.)
285.89in.408Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage669
22.22.670CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.48AW20041.7wideflangebeam(seeTableE1(b).AppendixE)issimplysupportedwitha
spanlengthof2.5m(seefigure).Thebeamsupportsaconcentratedloadof100kNat0.9mfromsupportB.Atacrosssectionlocated0.7mfromthelefthand
support,determinetheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxateachofthefollowinglocations:(a)thetopofthebeam,(b)thetopofthe
web,and(c)theneutralaxis.(c)NEUTRALAXIS(POINTC)sx0sy027.984in.3Qbah2bah4b(bt)ah12bah14btmaxAasxsy
2b2+txy27160psis114,100psi,s2220psiPureshear:s12350psi,s22350psi,tmax2350psiK2349psitxyVQIt
(12,000lb)(27.984in.3)(285.89in.4)(0.5in.)D100kNBAW20041.70.9m2.5m0.9m0.7mSolution8.48RB64kN(upward)RA100kN
RBRA36kN(upward)AtthepointDMRA(0.7m)M25.2kNmVRAV36kN#RB100kNa0.7+0.92.5b(a)TOPOFTHEBEAM
(POINTA)sx63.309MPasy0txy0Uniaxialstress:s1sys2sx(b)TOPOFTHEWEB(POINTB)sx56.021MPasy0Q1.892105
mm3Qbahh12bah+h14bsxMah12bItmax31.7MPas263.3MPas10tmax`sx2`sxMah2bIW20041.7I
40.8106mm4b166mmtw7.24mmtf11.8mmh205mmh1h2tfh1181.4mm08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage670
23.23.SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams671Problem8.49AW1214wideflangebeam(seeTableE1(a),AppendixE)issimplysupportedwitha
spanlengthof120in.(seefigure).Thebeamsupportstwoantisymmetricallyplacedconcentratedloadsof7.5keach.Atacrosssectionlocated20in.fromthe
righthandsupport,determinetheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxateachofthefollowinglocations:(a)thetopofthebeam,(b)
thetopoftheweb,and(c)theneutralaxis.txy23.061MPatmax36.3MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s264.3MPas2sx+sy2Aasx
sy2b2+txy2s18.27MPas1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyVQItw(c)NEUTRALAXIS(POINTC)sx0sy0Q2.19105
mm3txy26.69MPaPureshear:s2s1tmaxtxytmax26.7Mpas226.7Mpas126.7Mpas1txytxyVQItwQbah2bah4
b1btw2ah12bah14bD7.5k7.5kW121420in.20in.120in.40in.40in.Solution8.49RB2.5k(upward)RARBRA2.5k
(downward)AtSectionCCMRB20in.M50kin.VRBV2.5k##RB7.5#807.5#40120k(a)TOPOFTHEBEAM(POINTA)sx
3.361103psisy0txy0Uniaxialstress:s1sys2sx(b)TOPOFTHEWEB(POINTB)sx3.234103psisy0sxMah12bItmax
1680psis23361psis10tmax`sx2`sxMah2bIW1214I88.6in.4b3.970in.tw0.200in.tf0.225in.h11.91in.h1h
2tfh111.46in.08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage671
24.24.672CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem*8.410AcantileverbeamofTsectionisloadedbyaninclinedforceofmagnitude6.5kN(see
figure).Thelineofactionoftheforceisinclinedatanangleof60tothehorizontalandintersectsthetopofthebeamattheendcrosssection.Thebeamis2.5m
longandthecrosssectionhasthedimensionsshown.Determinetheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximumshearstresstmaxatpointsAandBintheweb
ofthebeamnearthesupport.Q5.219in.3txy736.289psitmax1777psitmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s23393psis2sx+sy2Aasx
sy2b2+txy2s1159.8psis1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyVQItwQbahh12bah+h14b(C)NEUTRALAXIS(POINTC)
sx0sy0Q8.502in3txy1.2103psiPureshear:s2s1tmaxtxytmax1200psis21200psis11200psis1txytxyVQItw
Qbah2bah4b1btw2ah12bah14b2.5m80mm80mm160mm25mmC606.5kNAB25mmzySolution8.410P6.5kNL2.5mA
2(160mm)(25mm)A8103mm2b160mmt25mmLocationofcentroidCFromEq.(127b)inChapter12:c2126.25mmc1185mmc2
c158.75mmMOMENTOFINTERTIAIZ2.585107mm4IZ13tc23+13bc1313(bt)(c1t)3c2(160mm)(25mm)a160252b
mm+(160mm)(25mm)(80mm)Ac2(yiAi)A08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage672
25.25.SECTION8.4MaximumStressesinBeams673EQUIVALENTLOADSATFREEENDOFBEAMN0PHN03.25kNVPvV5.629kNM
McPvLM1.388104Nm#StressatpointA(bottomofweb)sx31.951MPasy0txy0Uniaxialstress:s1sys2sxStressatpointB
(topofweb)sx17.715MPasy0Q1.85105mm3txy1.611MPatmax9.00MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s20.145MPas2sx
+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s117.86MPas1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyVQIztQbtac1t2bsxN0AM1c1t2Iz

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tmax15.98MPas232.0MPas10tmax`sx2`sxN0A+Mc1IZPHPcos(60deg)PH3.25kNPvPsin(60deg)Pv5.629kN
McPHc1Mc190.938NmSTRESSRESULTANTSATFIXEDENDOFBEAM#08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage673
26.26.674CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem*8.412Solvetheprecedingproblemforacrosssectionmnlocated0.18mfromthesupportifL
0.75m,M65kNm,h120mm,andb20mm.#210311031103.1(y).2(y)max(y)Prin.stresses(psi)2103332.521.510.50y
dist.y(in.)0.511.522.5330Problem*8.411AsimplebeamofrectangularcrosssectionhasspanlengthL62in.andsupportsaconcentratedmomentM
560kinatmidspan(seefigure).Theheightofthebeamish6in.andthewidthisb2.5in.Plotgraphsoftheprincipalstressess1ands2andthemaximum
shearstresstmax,showinghowtheyvaryovertheheightofthebeamatcrosssectionmn,whichislocated24in.fromthelefthandsupport.Probs.8.411and
8.412L2MathLbmnSolution8.411M560kin.L62in.c24in.b2.5in.h6in.I45in4RA9.032k(upward)RBRARB
9.032k(downward)AtsectionmnMRAcM216.774kin.VRAV9.032k#RAMLIbh312#sy0PRINCIPALSTRESSESs1(3in.)
0psis2(3in.)14,452psitmax(3in.)7226psis1(0)903psis2(0)903psitmax(0)903psis1(3in.)14,452psis2(3in.)0psitmax(3in.)
7226psitmax(y)Aasx(y)2b2+txy(y)2s2(y)sx(y)2Aasx(y)2b2+txy(y)2s1(y)sx(y)2+Aasx(y)2b2+txy(y)2txy(y)VQ(y)IbQ(y)
bah2yba12bah2+ybsx(y)MyI08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage674
27.27.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings675Solution8.412M65kNmL0.75mc0.18mb20mmh120mmAtsectionmnMRAcM15.6
kNmVRAV86.667kN#RBRARB86.667kN(downward)RAMLRA86.667kN(upward)Ibh312I2.88*106mm4#
PRINCIPALSTRESSESs1(60mm)0MPas2(60mm)325MPatmax(60mm)162.5MPas1(0)54.2MPas2(0)54.2MPatmax(0)54.2
MPas1(60mm)325MPas2(60mm)0MPatmax(60mm)162.5MPatmax(y)Aasx(y)2b2+txy(y)2s2(y)sx(y)2Aasx(y)2b2+
txy(y)2s1(y)sx(y)2+Aasx(y)2b2+txy(y)2txy(y)VQ(y)IbQ(y)bah2yba12bah2+ybsx(y)MyIsy0Prin.stresses(MPa)
dist.y(mm)CombinedLoadingsTheproblemsforSection8.5aretobesolvedassumingthatthestructuresbehavelinearlyelasticallyandthatthestressescaused
bytwoormoreloadsmaybesuperimposedtoobtaintheresultantstressesactingatapoint.Considerbothinplaneandoutofplaneshearstressesunless
otherwisespecified.Problem8.51AbracketABCDhavingahollowcircularcrosssectionconsistsofaverticalarmAB,ahorizontalarmBCparalleltothex0
axis,andahorizontalarmCDparalleltothez0axis(seefigure).ThearmsBCandCDhavelengthsb13.6ftandb22.2ft,respectively.Theouterandinner
diametersofthebracketared27.5in.andd16.8in.AverticalloadP1400lbactsatpointD.Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshear
stressesintheverticalarm.z0y0Ax0BCDPb1b208Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:04AMPage675
28.28.676CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.51b13.6ftb22.2ftP1400lbd27.5in.d16.8in.VERTICALARMAB
MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSst5100psistPA+Mad22bIMP2b12+b22M7.088*104lb#in.Ip64ad24d14bI50.36
in.4Ap4ad22d12bA7.862in.2MAXIMUMCOMPRESSIVESTRESSMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSUniaxialstresstmax|sc|tmax5456psi
sc5456psiscPAMad22bIProblem8.52Agondolaonaskiliftissupportedbytwobentarms,asshowninthefigure.Eacharmisoffsetby
thedistanceb180mmfromthelineofactionoftheweightforceW.Theallowablestressesinthearmsare100MPaintensionand50MPainshear.Ifthe
loadedgondolaweighs12kN,whatistheminimumdiameterdofthearms?(a)(b)bdWW08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage676
29.29.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings677Solution8.52Gondolaonaskiliftb180mmsallow100MPa(tension)tallow50MPaFinddmin
MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSorapst4Wbd3d8b0stWA+MS4Wpd2+32Wbpd3Apd24Spd332W12kN26kN
SUBSTITUTENUMERICALVALUES:8b1.44m13,090d3d1.440(dmeters)Solvenumerically:d0.04845mdmin48.4mm
MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSSincetallowisonehalfofsallow,theminimumdiameterforshearisthesameasfortension.tmaxst2(uniaxialstress)pst4W
psallow4Wp(100Mpa)4(6kN)13,089.971m2Problem8.53Thehollowdrillpipeforanoilwell(seefigure)is6.2in.inouterdiameterand0.75in.in
thickness.Justabovethebit,thecompressiveforceinthepipe(duetotheweightofthepipe)is62kandthetorque(duetodrilling)is185kin.Determinethe
maximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesinthedrillpipe.08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage677
30.30.678CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.53PcompressiveforceTTorqued2outerdiameterd1innerdiameterP62kT185k
in.d26.2in.t0.75in.d1d22td14.7in.A12.841in.2Ip97.16in.4STRESSESATTHEOUTERSURFACEIpp32ad24d14bAp
4ad22d12b#txy5903psiPRINCIPALSTRESSESs13963psis28791psiMAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsts1MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVESTRESSscs2MAXIMUMINPLANESHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplane
shearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax6377psitmaxAasxsy2b+txy2sc8791psist3963psis2sx+sy2Aa
sxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTad22bIpProblem8.54AsegmentofageneratorshaftissubjectedtoatorqueTand
anaxialforceP,asshowninthefigure.Theshaftishollow(outerdiameterd2300mmandinnerdiameterd1250mm)anddelivers1800kWat4.0Hz.Ifthe
compressiveforceP540kN,whatarethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesintheshaft?PTTPProbs.8.54and8.55sy4828psisx
0syPA08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage678
31.31.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings679Solution8.54PCompressive_forceP0Powerffrequencyd2outerdiameterd1innerdiameterf4.0Hz
P540kNP01800kWT7.162104Nmd2300mmd1250mmA2.16104mm2Ip4.117108mm4STRESSESATTHEOUTER
SURFACEIpp32ad24d14bAp4ad22d12b#TP02pfTtorgueP02pfsy25.002MPasx0txy26.093MPaPRINCIPAL
STRESSESs116.432MPas241.434MPaMAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsts1MAXIMUMCOMPRESSIVESTRESSscs2MAXIMUMIN
PLANESHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshear
stress.tmax28.9MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2sc41.4MPast16.43MPas2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aa
sxsy2b2+txy2txyTad22bIpsyPAProblem8.55AsegmentofageneratorshaftofhollowcircularcrosssectionissubjectedtoatorqueT
240kin.(seefigure).Theouterandinnerdiametersoftheshaftare8.0in.and6.25in.,respectively.WhatisthemaximumpermissiblecompressiveloadPthat
canbeappliedtotheshaftiftheallowableinplaneshearstressistallow6250psi?08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage679
32.32.680CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.55PcompressiveforceTTorqued2outerdiameterd1innerdiameterT240kin.d2
8in.d16.25in.A19.586in.2tallow6250psiIp252.321in.4STRESSESATTHEOUTERSURFACEIpp32ad24d14bAp4ad22d1
2b#sx0txy3805psiMAXIMUMINPLANESHEARSTRESStmaxtallowsy9917psiPsyANOTE:Themaximuminplaneshearislargerthan
themaximumoutofplaneshearstress.P194.2ksy11tmax2txy224tmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2txyTad22bIpsyPAProblem8.56
AcylindricaltanksubjectedtointernalpressurepissimultaneouslycompressedbyanaxialforceF72kN(seefigure).Thecylinderhasdiameterd100mm
andwallthicknesst4mm.Calculatethemaximumallowableinternalpressurepmaxbaseduponanallowableshearstressinthewallofthetankof60MPa.FF
Solution8.56CylindricaltankwithcompressiveforceF72kNpinternalpressured100mmt4mmtallow60MPaCIRCUMFERENTIALSTRESS
(TENSION)Units:s1MPapMPas1prtp(50mm)4mm12.5p08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage680
33.33.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings681OUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESSESSolving,p29.60MPa60MPa3.125p28.648MPaSolving,p3
28.37MPaCASE2,OUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESSGOVERNSpmax9.60MPaCase3:tmaxs223.125p28.648MPaCase2:tmaxs12
6.25p60MPa6.25pProblem8.57Acylindricaltankhavingdiameterd2.5in.issubjectedtointernalgaspressurep600psiandanexternaltensile
loadT1000lb(seefigure).Determinetheminimumthicknesstofthewallofthetankbaseduponanallowableshearstressof3000psi.TTLONGITUDINAL
STRESS(TENSION)Units:s2MPapMPaBIAXIALSTRESSINPLANESHEARSTRESS(CASE1)60MPa3.125p28.648MPaSolving,p1
10.03MPatmaxs1s223.125p+28.648Mpa6.25p57.296Mpa6.25p72,000N2p(50mm)(4mm)s2pr2tFApr2tF2prt

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Solution8.57CylindricaltankwithtensileloadT1000lbtthicknessp600psid2.5in.tallow3000psiCIRCUMFERENTIALSTRESS
(TENSION)Units:s1psitinchess2psis1prt(600psi)(1.25in.)t750t08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage681
34.34.682CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.58ThetorsionalpendulumshowninthefigureconsistsofahorizontalcirculardiskofmassM
60kgsuspendedbyaverticalsteelwire(G80GPa)oflengthL2manddiameterd4mm.Calculatethemaximumpermissibleangleofrotationfmaxofthe
disk(thatis,themaximumamplitudeoftorsionalvibrations)sothatthestressesinthewiredonotexceed100MPaintensionor50MPainshear.M=60kgd=
4mmL=2mfmaxLONGITUDINALSTRESS(TENSION)BIAXIALSTRESS375t+1000lb2p(1.25in.)t375t+127.32t+502.32ts2pr2t+T
Apr2t+T2prtOUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESSESSolving,t20.125in.Solving,t30.0837in.CASE2,OUTOFPLANESHEARSTRESS
GOVERNStmin0.125in.Case3:tmaxs22251.16t3000251.16tCase2:tmaxs12375t3000375tSolving,t10.0413in.3000psi
123.84tINPLANESHEARSTRESS(CASE1)tmaxs1s22247.682t123.84t08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage682
35.35.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings683Solution8.58TorsionalpendulumL2.0md4.0mmM60kgG80GPasallow100MPatallow50
MPaWMg(60kg)(9.81m/s2)588.6NApd2412.5664mm2PRINCIPALSTRESSESNotethats1ispositiveands2isnegative.Therefore,the
maximuminplaneshearstressisgreaterthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.MAXIMUMANGLEOFROTATIONBASEDONTENSILESTRESS
s1maximumtensilestresssallow100MPa(10023.420)25316fmax0.9114rad52.2MAXIMUMANGLEOFROTATIONBASEDONIN
PLANESHEARSTRESS(50)2Solving,fmax0.5522rad31.6SHEARSTRESSGOVERNSfmax0.552rad31.6(23.420)2+6400fmax2
1(23.420)2+6400fmax2tallow50MPa50tmaxAasxsy2b2+txy21(23.420)2+6400fmax26400fmax2123.42022+6400fmax2100
MPa23.4201123.42022+6400fmax2s1,223.4201123.42022+6400fmax2(MPa)s1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2TORQUE:(EQ.3
15)SHEARSTRESS:(EQ.311)t80fmaxUnits:tMPafmaxradianstaGIpfmaxLbarIPbGrfmaxL(80*106Pa)fmaxtTrIpTGIpfmax
LTENSILESTRESSsx0syst46.839MPatxy80fmax(MPa)sxWA46.839MPa08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage683
36.36.684CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.59Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesatpointsAandBonthe
bicyclepedalcrankshowninthefigure.ThepedalandcrankareinahorizontalplaneandpointsAandBarelocatedonthetopofthecrank.TheloadP160lb
actsintheverticaldirectionandthedistances(inthehorizontalplane)betweenthelineofactionoftheloadandpointsAandBareb15.0in.,b22.5in.and
b31.0in.Assumethatthecrankhasasolidcircularcrosssectionwithdiameterd0.6in.b1b2b3b3P=160lbPABd=0.6in.CrankTopviewb2=
2.5in.b3=1.0in.b3Ab1=5.0in.BSolution8.59P160lbd0.6in.b15.0in.b22.5in.b31.0in.STRESSRESULTANTSoncrosssectionat
pointA:Torque:TAPb2Moment:MAPb1ShearForce:VAPSTRESSRESULTANTSatpointB:TBP(b1b3)MBP(b2b3)VBPSpd3
32STRESSATPOINTA:t9.431103psis3.773104psi(TheshearforceVproducesnoshearstressesatpointA)PRINCIPALSTRESSESAND
MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSsx0systxyts13.995104psis22.226103psiAasxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2
+txy2s1sx+sy2+sMASt16TApd308Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage684
37.37.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings685MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsts1MAXIMUMCOMPRESSIVESTRESSscs2MAXIMUMIN
PLANESHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshear
stress.STRESSATPOINTBt2.264104psis2.641104psi(TheshearforceVproducesnoshearstressesatpointA)PRINCIPALSTRESSES
ANDMIXIMUMSHEARSTRESSsx0systxytAasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+sMBSt16TBpd3tmax21,090psiAasxsy2
b2+txy2tmaxsc2226psist39,950psis13.941104psis21.3104MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsts1MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVESTRESSscs2MAXIMUMINPLANESHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplane
shearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax26,210psitmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2sc13,000psist39,410psis2sx+sy
2Aasxsy2b2+txy2Problem8.510Acylindricalpressurevesselhavingradiusr300mmandwallthicknesst15mmissubjectedtointernal
pressurep2.5MPa.Inaddition,atorqueT120kNmactsateachendofthecylinder(seefigure).(a)Determinethemaximumtensilestresssmaxandthe
maximuminplaneshearstresstmaxinthewallofthecylinder.(b)Iftheallowableinplaneshearstressis30MPa,whatisthemaximumallowabletorqueT?#
TT08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage685
38.38.686CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.510CylindricalpressurevesselT120kNmr300mmt15mmP2.5MPaSTRESSES
INTHEWALLOFTHEVESSEL(EQ.311)(EQ.318)txyT2pr2t14.147MPaIp2pr3ttxyTrIpsxpr2t25MPasyprt50MPa
#s156.4MPas218.6MPasmax56.4MPaMAXIMUMINPLANESHEARSTRESS(b)MAXIMUMALLOWABLETORQUETtallow30
MPa(inplaneshearstress)(1)Units:txyMPaTNmSubstituteintoEq.(1):Squarebothsides,rearrange,andsolveforT:(30)2(12.5)2(117.893
106)2T2Tmax231kNm#T231.3*103N#mT2743.75013,899*101253,512*106(N#m)22(12.5MPa)2+(117.893*106
T)2tmaxtallow30MPa#txyT2pr2t117.893*106Tsxpr2t25MPasyprt50MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2tmaxAasx
sy2b2+txy218.9MPa(a)PRINCIPALSTRESSES37.518.878MPas1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy208Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06
AMPage686
39.39.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings687Problem8.511AnLshapedbracketlyinginahorizontalplanesupportsaloadP150lb(seefigure).Thebracket
hasahollowrectangularcrosssectionwiththicknesst0.125in.andouterdimensionsb2.0in.andh3.5in.Thecenterlinelengthsofthearmsareb120
in.andb230in.ConsideringonlytheloadP,calculatethemaximumtensilestressst,maximumcompressivestresssc,andmaximumshearstresstmaxatpoint
A,whichislocatedonthetopofthebracketatthesupport.P=150lbAb1=20in.b2=30in.h=3.5in.b=2.0in.t=0.125in.Solution8.511Lshaped
bracketP150lbb120in.b230in.t0.125in.h3.5in.b2.0in.FREEBODYDIAGRAMOFBRACKETSTRESSESATPOINTAONTHE
TOPOFTHEBRACKET(TheshearforceVproducesnostressesatpointA.)STRESSELEMENTATPOINTA(Thisviewislookingdownwardatthetop
ofthebracket.)sMcI(3000lbin.)(1.75in.)2.1396in.42454psitT2tAm4500lbin.2(0.125in.)(6.3281in.2)2844psiSTRESS
RESULTANTSATTHESUPPORTTorque:TPb2(150lb)(30in.)4500lbin.Moment:MPb1(150lb)(20in.)3000lbin.Shearforce:VP
150lbPROPERTIESOFTHECROSSSECTIONFortorsion:Am(bt)(ht)(1.875in.)(3.375in.)6.3281in.2Forbending:2.1396in.4112
(2.0in.)(3.5in.)3112(1.75in.)(3.25in.)3I112(bh3)112(b2t)(h2t)3ch21.75in.sx0sys2454psitxyt2844psi
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage687
40.40.688CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressPRINCIPALSTRESSESANDMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSs14324psis21870psiMAXIMUM
TENSILESTRESS:st4320psitmaxAasxsy2b2+txy23097psi1227psi3097psis1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2MAXIMUM
COMPRESSIVESTRESS:sc1870psiMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESS:tmax3100psiNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,the
maximuminplaneshearstressislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.Problem8.512AsemicircularbarABlyinginahorizontalplaneis
supportedatB(seefigure).ThebarhascenterlineradiusRandweightqperunitoflength(totalweightofthebarequalspqR).Thecrosssectionofthebaris
circularwithdiameterd.Obtainformulasforthemaximumtensilestressst,maximumcompressivestresssc,andmaximuminplaneshearstresstmaxatthetop
ofthebaratthesupportduetotheweightofthebar.dBORASolution8.512SemicircularbarddiameterofbarRradiusofbarqweightofbarperunit
lengthWweightofbarpqRWeightofbaractsatthecenterofgravityFromCase23,AppendixD,withbp/2,wegetBendingmomentatB:MBWc
2qR2TorqueatB:TBWRpqR2(ShearforceatBproducesnoshearstressatthetopofthebar.)y2Rpc2RpSTRESSESATTHETOPOFTHE
BARATBtBTB(d/2)IP(pqR2)(d/2)pd4/3216qR2d3sBMB(d/2)I(2qR2)(d/2)pd4/6464qR2pd308Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage
688

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41.41.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings689STRESSELEMENTATTHETOPOFTHEBARATBsx0sysBtxytBPRINCIPALSTRESSES:
16qR2pd3(224+p2)32qR2pd3Aa32qR2pd3b2+a16qR2d3b2sB2AasB2b2+tB2s1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2
MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSMAXIMUMCOMPRESSIVESTRESSMAXIMUMINPLANESHEARSTRESS(EQ.726)tmax12(s1s2)
16qR2pd324+p28.78qR2d3scs216qR2pd3(224+p2)29.15qR2d3sts116qR2pd3(2+24+p2)Problem8.513Anarm
ABClyinginahorizontalplaneandsupportedatA(seefigure)ismadeoftwoidenticalsolidsteelbarsABandBCweldedtogetheratarightangle.Eachbaris
20in.long.Knowingthatthemaximumtensilestress(principalstress)atthetopofthebaratsupportAduesolelytotheweightsofthebarsis932psi,determine
thediameterdofthebars.ABCzyxSolution8.513HorizontalarmABCLlengthofABandBCddiameterofABandBCAcrosssectionalarea
pd2/4gweightdensityofsteelqweightperunitlengthofbarsgApgd2/4(1)08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage689
42.42.690CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressRESULTANTFORCESACTINGONABPweightofABandBCPqLpgLd2/4(2)Ttorquedue
toweightofBC(3)MAbendingmomentatAMAPLPL/23PL/23pgL2d2/8(4)STRESSESATTHETOPOFTHEBARATAsAnormal
stressduetoMA(5)tAshearstressduetotorqueT(6)STRESSELEMENTONTOPOFTHEBARATAs1principaltensilestress(maximumtensile
stress)(7)s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2tAT(d/2)IpT(d/2)pd4/3216Tpd32gL2dsAM(d/2)IM(d/2)pd4/6432Mpd3
12gL2dT(qL)aL2bqL22pgL2d28sx0sysAtxytA(8)Substitute(8)into(7):(9)Substitutefrom(5)and(6)andsimplify:(10)SOLVE
FORd(11)SUBSTITUTENUMERICALVALUESINTOEQ.(11):g490lb/ft30.28356lb/in.3L20in.s1932psid1.50in.d2gL2s1(3+
110)s1gL2d(6+140)2gL2d(3+110)s1sA2+AasA2b2+tA2Problem8.514Apressurizedcylindricaltankwithflatendsisloadedby
torquesTandtensileforcesP(seefigure).Thetankhasradiusr50mmandwallthicknesst3mm.Theinternalpressurep3.5MPaandthetorqueT450
Nm.WhatisthemaximumpermissiblevalueoftheforcesPiftheallowabletensilestressinthewallofthecylinderis72MPa?#TTPP08Ch08.qxd9/18/08
11:06AMPage690
43.43.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings691Solution8.514Cylindricaltankr50mmt3.0mmp3.5MPaT450Nmsallow72MPaCROSS
SECTIONA2prt2p(50mm)(3.0mm)942.48mm2IP2pr3t2p(50mm)3(3.0mm)2.3562106mm4STRESSESINTHEWALLOFTHE
TANK#Units:sxMPa,PnewtonsMAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSorSquarebothsidesandsimplify:494.210.014501PSOLVEFORPP34,080
NORPmax34.1kN2(14.583+0.00053052P)2+91.18928.2500.00053052P+2[14.583+(530.52*106)P]2+(9.5493)27243.750
+(530.52*106)Psx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2smaxsallow72MPa9.5493MPatxyTrIP(450N#m)(50mm)2.3562*106
mm4syprt58.333MPa29.167MPa+1.0610*103P(3.5MPa)(50mm)2(3.0mm)+P942.48mm2sxpr2t+PAProblem8.515Apost
havingahollowcircularcrosssectionsupportsahorizontalloadP240lbactingattheendofanarmthatis5ftlong(seefigure).Theheightofthepostis27ft,
anditssectionmodulusisS15in.3Assumethatouterradiusofthepost,r24.5in.,andinnerradiusr14.243in.(a)Calculatethemaximumtensilestress
smaxandmaximuminplaneshearstresstmaxatpointAontheoutersurfaceofthepostalongthexaxisduetotheloadP.LoadPactsinahorizontalplaneatan
angleof30fromalinewhichisparalleltothe(x)axis.(b)IfthemaximumtensilestressandmaximuminplaneshearstressatpointAarelimitedto16,000psi
and6000psi,respectively,whatisthelargestpermissiblevalueoftheloadP?AP=240lbzyx5ft3027ft08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage691
44.44.692CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSolution8.515P240lbb5ftlengthofarmh27ftheightofpostr24.5in.r14.243in.tr2r1
t0.257in.Ap(r22r12)A7.059in.2I67.507in.4Ip2IIp135.014in.4Q9.825in.3REACTIONSATTHESUPPORTMP
cos(30deg)hM6.734104lbinTPcos(30deg)bT1.247104lbinVxPcos(30deg)Vx207.846lbVyPsin(30deg)Vy120lb
STRESSESATPOINTA##Q231r23r132Ip41r24r142(a)MAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSANDMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSsx
0sy4.489103psitxyts14.534103psis244.593psiMAXIMUMTENSILESTRESSsmaxs1MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESS(b)
ALLOWABLELOADPsallow16000psitallow6000psiThestressesatpointAareproportionaltotheloadP.Basedontensilestress:Pallow847.01lb
Basedonshearstress:Pallow629.07lbPallow629lbPallowtallowPtmaxPallowPtallowtmaxPallowsallowPsmaxPallowPsallowsmaxtmax
2289psitmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2smax4534psis2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2sx0sy
4.489103psit449.628psi(TheshearforceVxproducesnostressatpointA)tTr2Ip+VyQI2tsyMr2I08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage
692
45.45.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings693Problem8.516Asignissupportedbyapipe(seefigure)havingouterdiameter110mmandinnerdiameter90mm.
Thedimensionsofthesignare2.0m1.0m,anditsloweredgeis3.0mabovethebase.Notethatthecenterofgravityofthesignis1.05mfromtheaxisofthe
pipe.Thewindpressureagainstthesignis1.5kPa.DeterminethemaximuminplaneshearstressesduetothewindpressureonthesignatpointsA,B,andC,
locatedontheoutersurfaceatthebaseofthepipe.BACBACXXRosesEditingCo.SectionXXPipe110mm2.0m1.05mtoc.g.1.0m3.0mSolution
8.516PIPE:d2110mmd190mmt10mmI3.966106mm4Ip2IIp7.933106mm4SIGN:A2m2AreaHeightfromthebasetothe
centerofgravityofthesignb1.05mhorizontaldistancefromthecenterofgravityofthesigntotheaxisofthepipeWINDPRESSUREpw1.5kPaPpw
AP3kNSTRESSRESULTANTSATTHEBASEMPhM10.5kNmTPbT3.15kNmVPV3kN##ha3+12bmQ5.017*104
mm3Q1121d23d132Ip64(d24d14)MAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSATPOINTAsx0sy145.603MPatxy21.84MPatmax76.0
MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd22IpsyMd22I08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage693
46.46.694CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSATPOINTBMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSATPOINTCsx0sy0
txy19.943MPaPuresheartmax19.94MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd22IpVQI(2t)sx0sy0txy23.738MPaPuresheartmax
23.7MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd22Ip+VQI(2t)Problem8.517Asignissupportedbyapoleofhollowcircularcrosssection,as
showninthefigure.Theouterandinnerdiametersofthepoleare10.5in.and8.5in.,respectively.Thepoleis42fthighandweighs4.0k.Thesignhas
dimensions8ft3ftandweighs500lb.Notethatitscenterofgravityis53.25in.fromtheaxisofthepole.Thewindpressureagainstthesignis35lb/ft2.(a)
DeterminethestressesactingonastresselementatpointA,whichisontheoutersurfaceofthepoleatthefrontofthepole,thatis,thepartofthepolenearest
totheviewer.(b)Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesatpointA.8ft3ft42ft10.5in.8.5in.SectionXXAAXXHildasOffice
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage694
47.47.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings695Solution8.517PIPE:d210.5in.d18.5in.A29.845in.2I340.421in.4Ip2IIp680.842in.4Q
45.292in.3W14000lbSIGN:As(8)(3)ft2AreaAs24ft2HeightfromthebasetothecenterofgravityofthesignHorizontaldistancefromthecenterof
gravityofthesigntotheaxisofthepipeb53.25in.W2500lbWINDPRESSUREPpwAsP840lbSTRESSRESULTANTSATTHEBASEMPh
M4.082105lbin.TPbT4.473104lbin.VPV840lbNzW1W2Nz4.5103lb##pw35lb/ft2ba(4)12+10.52bin.ha42
32bftQ1121d23d132Ip641d24d142Ap41d22d122cd22(a)STRESSESATPOINTA(b)MAXIMUMSTRESSESAT
POINTAMax.tensilestressMax.compressivestressMax.shearstressNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearis
largerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax3092psitmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s219.30psis2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy
2s16164psis1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txy345psisxyTd22Ipsy6145psisyNzA+Md22Isx008Ch08.qxd9/18/08
11:06AMPage695
48.48.696CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.518AhorizontalbracketABCconsistsoftwoperpendiculararmsABoflength0.5m,andBCof
lengthof0.75m.Thebrackethasasolidcircularcrosssectionwithdiameterequalto65mm.ThebracketisinsertedinafrictionlesssleeveatA(whichisslightly
largerindiameter)soisfreetorotateaboutthez0axisatA,andissupportedbyapinatC.MomentsareappliedatpointCasfollows:M11.5kNminthex

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2017521 Chapter8
directionandM21.0kNmactsinthe(z)direction.ConsideringonlythemomentsM1andM2,calculatethemaximumtensilestressst,themaximum
compressivestresssc,andthemaximuminplaneshearstresstmaxatpointp,whichislocatedatsupportAonthesideofthebracketatmidheight.##z0BC
M2M1Oy0x0p65mmCrosssectionatA0.5m0.75mFrictionlesssleeveembeddedinsupportAx0y0pSolution8.518d65mmb10.5mlengthof
armBCb20.75mlengthofarmABM11.5kNmM21.0kNmPROPERTIESOFTHECROSSSECTIONd65mmA3.318103mm2I
8.762105mm4Ip2IIp1.752106mm4Q2.289104mm3STRESSRESULTANTSATSUPPORTANz0AxialforceMy0Mx0Mx
M2b2b1+M1Q23r3Ip64d4Ap4d2rd2##T0TorsionalfrictionlesssleeveatsupportA(MZ)sx0sy0txy0.804MPaPure
ShearSTRESSESATPOINTpONTHESIDEOFTHEBRACKETtmax0.804MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2txyVyQIdVyM2b1
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage696
49.49.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings697Problem8.519AcylindricalpressurevesselwithflatendsissubjectedtoatorqueTandabendingmomentM(see
figure).Theouterradiusis12.0in.andthewallthicknessis1.0in.Theloadsareasfollows:T800kin.,M1000kin.,andtheinternalpressurep900psi.
Determinethemaximumtensilestressst,maximumcompressivestresssc,andmaximumshearstresstmaxinthewallofthecylinder.z0x0y0TTMMSolution
8.519CylindricalpressurevessalInternalpressure:p900psiBendingmoment:M1000kin.Torque:T800kin.Outerradius:r212in.Wallthickness:t
1.0in.Meanradius:rr2t/211.5in.Outerdiameter:d224in.Innerdiameter:d122in.MOMENTOFINERTIAIp2I9574.0in.4NOTE:
SincethestressesduetoTandparethesameeverywhereinthecylinder,themaximumstressesoccuratthetopandbottomofthecylinderwherethebending
stressesarethelargest.PART(a).TOPOFTHECYLINDERStresselementonthetopofthecylinderasseenfromabove.Ip64(d24d14)4787.0
in.4PRINCIPALSTRESSESMAXIMUMSHEARSTRESSESInplane:t3970psiOutofplane:tmax5240psiMAXIMUMSTRESSESFORTHE
TOPOFTHECYLINDERst10,480psisc0(Nocompressivestresses)tmax5240psits12ors22ts125240psis110,479psis22540psi
6509.1psi3969.6psis1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTr2Ip1002.7psisyprt10,350psi2668.2psisxpr2tMr2I
5175.0psi2506.8psi08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage697
50.50.698CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.520Forpurposesofanalysis,asegmentofthecrankshaftinavehicleisrepresentedasshownin
thefigure.TwoloadsPactasshown,oneparallelto(x0)andanotherparalleltoz0eachloadPequals1.0kN.Thecrankshaftdimensionsareb180mm,b2
120mm,andb340mm.Thediameteroftheuppershaftisd20mm.(a)Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesatpointA,which
islocatedonthesurfaceoftheuppershaftatthez0axis.(b)Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesatpointB,whichislocatedonthe
surfaceoftheshaftatthey0axis.PART(b).BOTTOMOFTHECYLINDERStresselementonthebottomofthecylinderasseenfrombelow.MAXIMUM
SHEARSTRESSESInplane:t1669psiOutofplane:tmax5340psiMAXIMUMSTRESSESFORTHEBOTTOMOFTHECYLINDERst10,680
psisc0(Nocompressivestresses)tmax5340psiPART(c).ENTIRECYLINDERThelargeststressesareatthebottomofthecylinder.st10,680psisc
0(Nocompressivestresses)tmax5340psits12ors22ts125340psiPRINCIPALSTRESSESs110,685psis27347psi9015.9psi
1668.9psis1,2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTr2Ip1002.7psisyprt10,350psi7681.8psisxpr2t+Mr2I5175.0psi+
2506.8psiP=1.0kNPb3=40mmb1=80mmy0z0x0BAb2=120mmd=20mm08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:06AMPage698
51.51.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings699Solution8.520P1.0kNb180mmb2120mmb340mmPROPERTIESOFTHECROSSSECTIONd
20mmA314.159mm2I7.854103mm4Ip2IIp1.571104mm4Q666.667mm3STRESSRESULTANTSATTHESUPPORTVxP
(AxialforceinXdir.)Vy0(ShearforceinYdir.)VzP(ShearforceinZdir.)MxPb2(TorsionalMoment)Mx120kNmmMyP(b1b3)(Bending
Moment)My120kNmmMzPb2(BendingMoment)Mz120kNmm(a)STRESSESATPOINTA###Q23r3Ip64d4Ap4d2rd2sx
155.972MPa(compressive)sy0txy76.394MPaMAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESS(b)
STRESSESATPOINTBsxVxA+MzIrtmax109.2MPas2187.2MPas131.2MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2A
asxsy2b2+txy2s1sxsy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyMxd2Ipsx149.606MPa(tensile)sy0txy80.639MPatmaxAasxsy2b2
+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyMxd2Ip+VzQIdsxVxAMyIr08Ch08.qxd
9/18/0811:08AMPage699
52.52.700CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.521AmoveablesteelstandsupportsanautomobileengineweighingW750lbasshownin
figurepart(a).Thestandisconstructedof2.5in.2.5in.1/8in.thicksteeltubing.OnceinpositionthestandisrestrainedbypinsupportsatBandC.Of
interestarestressesatpointAatthebaseoftheverticalpostpointAhascoordinates(x1.25,y0,z1.25)(inches).Neglecttheweightofthestand.(a)
Initially,theengineweightactsinthe(z)directionthroughpointQwhichhascoordinates(24,0,1.25)findthemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstresses
atpointA.(b)Repeat(a)assumingnowthat,duringrepair,theengineisrotatedaboutitsownlongitudinalaxis(whichisparalleltothexaxis)sothatWacts
throughQ(withcoordinates(24,6,1.25))andforceFy200lbisappliedparalleltotheyaxisatdistanced30in.xDBCyAQDCOBQ'y24in.1.25
in.12in.17in.17in.6in.(b)Topview2.5in.2.5in.1/8in.DzCzCyCx24in.17in.36in.(a)Qxd=30in.WzFyAMAX.TENSILESTRESS
MAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSs235.2MPas1184.8MPaMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,the
maximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax110.0MPa08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage700
53.53.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings701Solution8.521W7501bFy2001bb2.5in.d30in.x124in.Ab2(b2t)2A1in.2Am(b
t)2Am6in.2y16in.I1in.4(a)ENGINEWEIGHTACTSTHROUGHXAXIS(POINTQ)Mx0MyWx1SHEAR&NORMALSTRESSES
ATAs20730psit0PRINCIPALSTRESSES&MAXSHEARSTRESSsx0systxyts10s220730psitmax10365psi(b)ENGINE
WEIGHTACTSTHROUGHPOINTQ&FORCEFYACTSINYDIRMy18000in.1bMxWy1SHEAR&NORMALSTRESSESATAs
20730psisamesinceelementAliesonNAforbendingaboutxaxissWAMycItmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2
b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2sWAMycII112[b4(b2t)4]cb2.t18in.SHEARSTRESSDEPENDSON
TRANSVERSESHEARDUETOFY&TORSIONDUETOMZ(MAXTRANSVERSESHEARINWEBSEEPROB.#5.1011)b1b2tb12in.Q
1in.3tt378psiSHEARDUETOTORSIONALMOMENTMZUSINGAPPROX.THEORY(EQU.365)MzFydMz6000in.1btT4255psit
tttTt4633psiPRINCIPALSTRESSES&MAXSHEARSTRESSsx0systxyts1988psis221719psitmax11354psitmaxAa
sxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2tTMz2tAmttFyQI(2t)Q181b3b132
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage701
54.54.702CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.522AmountainbikeridergoinguphillappliesforceP65Ntoeachendofthehandlebars
ABCD,madeofaluminumalloy7075T6,bypullingonthehandlebarextenders(DFonrighthandlebarsegment).Considertherighthalfofthehandlebar
assemblyonly(assumethebarsarefixedattheforkatA).SegmentsABandCDareprismaticwithlengthsL1andL3andwithouterdiametersandthicknesses
d01,t01andd03,t03,respectively,asshown.SegmentBCoflengthL2,however,istaperedand,outerdiameterandthicknessvarylinearlybetweendimensions
atBandC.Considershear,torsion,andbendingeffectsonlyforsegmentADassumeDFisrigid.Findmaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstresses
adjacenttosupportA.Showwhereeachmaximumstressvalueoccurs.(b)SectionDFd03Handlebarextension45HandlebarPFyzDd=100mm(a)
Handlebarextensiond03=22mmt03=2.95mmd01=32mmt01=3.15mmL2=30mmL1=50mmACBFxyDL3=220mmSolution8.522P65
NL150mmL230mmL3220mmd0132mmd0322mmd100mmPROPERTIESOFTHECROSSSECTIONATPOINTAt013.15mm
A150.543mm2I1.747104mm4Ip2IIp3.493104mm4Q729.625mm3Q112[d0131d01t0123]Ip64[d0141d01
t0124]Ap4[d0121d01t0122]rd012STRESSRESULTANTSATPOINTA1Nx0(AxialforceinXdir.)Vmax.P(Max.Shearforce)

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2017521 Chapter8
Vmax.0.065kNTPd(TorsionalMoment)T6.5kNmmMP(L1L2L3)(BendingMoment)M19.5kNmm##SectionatpointAyzx4545
TMA3VmaxA2A108Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage702
55.55.sx17.863MPa(tensilestress)sy0txy2.977MPas2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd012
IpsxMIrSECTION8.5CombinedLoadings703sx17.863MPa(compressivestress)sy0txy2.977MPaMAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.
COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthe
maximumoutofplaneshearstress.STRESSRESULTANTSATPOINTA2tmax9.42MPas218.35MPas10.483MPatmaxAasxsy2b
2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd012IpsxMIrsx0sy0txy3.408MPa
MAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximum
inplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.STRESSRESULTANTSATPOINTA3tmax3.41MPas23.41MPas13.41
MPatmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyTd012Ip+Vmax.QI2t01
08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage703
56.56.704CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressProblem8.523Determinethemaximumtensile,compressive,andshearstressesactingonthecrosssectionof
thetubeatpointAofthehitchbicyclerackshowninthefigure.Therackismadeupof2in.2in.steeltubingwhichis1/8in.thick.Assumethattheweightof
eachoffourbicyclesisdistributedevenlybetweenthetwosupportarmssothattherackcanberepresentedasacantileverbeam(ABCDEF)inthexyplane.
TheoverallweightoftherackaloneisW60lb.directedthroughC,andtheweightofeachbicycleisB30lb.MAX.TENSILESTRESSs118.35MPa
tmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2MAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveoppositesigns,the
maximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax9.42MPas20.483MPaBikeloadsBateachtiedownpointFixed
support2in.2in.in.steeltube18B2B2FEABCD2in.2in.in.18MAZAyAxyxABCEFWD17in.6in.33in.7in.3@4in.2
in.4loads,eachB08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage704
57.57.SECTION8.5CombinedLoadings705Solution8.523Crosssectiont0.125in.Thicknessd22in.Outerwidthd1d22tInnerwidthAd22
d21A0.938in.2I0.552in.4Q0.33in.3ThedistancebetweenpointAandthecenterofloadWb117in.ThedistancebetweenthepointAandthe
centerofabikeloadBW60lbB30lbREACTIONSATSUPPORTAMAzWb14Bb2MAz4.74103lbin.AyW4BAy180lbAx0#
b2a17+2+6+3.42bin.Q(d22t)tad22t2b+2d22td24Id4212d4112TOPOFTHECROSSSECTION(ATPOINTA)sx
8.591103psi(tensilestress)sy0txy0MAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincethe
principalstresseshaveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax4295psis20s18591psi
tmaxAasxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2sxMAzd22I08Ch08.qxd9/18/08
11:08AMPage705
58.58.706CHAPTER8ApplicationsofPlaneStressSIDEOFTHECROSSSECTION(ATPOINTA)BOTTOMOFTHECROSSSECTION(ATPOINT
A)sx0sy0txy430.726psiMAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresses
haveoppositesigns,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax431psis2431psis1431psitmaxAa
sxsy2b2+txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2txyAyQI2tsx8.591103psi(compressive
stress)sy0txy0MAX.TENSILESTRESSMAX.COMPRESSIVESTRESSMAX.SHEARSTRESSNOTE:Sincetheprincipalstresseshaveopposite
signs,themaximuminplaneshearislargerthanthemaximumoutofplaneshearstress.tmax4295psis28591psis10tmaxAasxsy2b2+
txy2s2sx+sy2Aasxsy2b2+txy2s1sx+sy2+Aasxsy2b2+txy2sxMAzd22I08Ch08.qxd9/18/0811:08AMPage706

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