PREFACE

Our gratitude to Allah SWT because of his grace and guidance

of this paper can be completed as expected. In this paper, the
author discusses about "STATIC FLUID"
This paper is the task of the 1st semester course English. I
hope this paper can be used properly and will be useful for
readers. The author realized in this paper there are many
shortcomings, therefore, the authors expect criticism and
constructive suggestions from readers.

Makassar, 28th December

2015
Author,
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
A substance that has the ability to flow is called Fluid.
Fluid is one kind of fluid that has a density approaching solids.
Location of the particles is more stretched because of the
style of interaction between the particles is weak. Gas is also
a fluid interaction between particles is so weak that it is
negligible. So, its density will be smaller. Therefore, the fluid
can be viewed as a particle system, and we can examine the
nature by using the concept of particle mechanics. If the fluid
experiencing shear forces will be ready to flow. If we observe
the static fluid for example in water jars.
In this paper will be discussed on the definition of a static
fluid, the properties of the fluid, the fluid benefits, and its
application in everyday life.

B. Problem Identification
1. What is static fluid?
2. How the charasteristic of static fluid?
3. What is the Hydrostatic Pressure?
4. How the applications of static fluid in our life?

C. Purpose
1. To know the defenition of static fluid.
2. To know the charasteristic of static fluid.
3. To know about the Hydrostatic Pressure.
4. To know the applications of static fluid in our life.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Defenition of Static Fluid
Fluid is a substance that can flow. Said fluids include car
substances, water and gas because both of these substances
can flow, otherwise stones and hard objects or entire solids
not classified into fluid because it can not flow.
Milk, lubricating oil, and water is a liquid sample. All liquid
and it can be classified into fluid because it is able to flow
from one place to another. In addition to liquid, gaseous
substance also includes fluid. Substance gas can also flow
from one place to another place. Gusts of wind is an example
of the air that moves from one place to another.
Fluid is one aspect that is important in everyday life.
Every day people breathe it, drink it, float or drown in it.
Every day the airplane flew through it and ships floating on it.
Likewise, the submarine can float or drift in it. The water you
drink and the air they breathe is also circulating in the human
body all the time though often unrecognized.
This fluid can be divided into two parts namely:
1. Fluid static
2. Fluid Dynamic
But we discuss in this paper only discusses the static fluid
(fluid at rest).
The notion of a static fluid is the fluid that is in phase does
not move (stationary) or fluid in motion, but there was no
difference between the speed of the fluid particles or it can
be said that the fluid particles are moving at a same speed,
so it does not have the shear force.
The fluid that is in the vessel to experience the forces
balanced so that fluid does not flow. The style of the left
 offset by the style of the right, the style of the top withheld
from the bottom. Fluid mass M suppress the bottom of the
vessel with a force of Mg. This style spread evenly on the
entire surface of the bottom of the vessel. As long as the
liquid does not flow (in a static state), the liquid no shear
force so just do the downward force by the weight due to fluid
in the column.

B. The Charasteristic of Static Fluid

The physical properties of the fluid can be determined and
understood more clearly when the fluid is at rest (static). The
physical properties of these static fluid in between, density,
surface tension, capillarity and viscosity.
1. Density
Have you compare the weight between wood and
metal? True statement that iron is heavier than wood? The
statement was certainly not appropriate, because a large
wooden segelondong much heavier than an iron ball. An
appropriate statement for the comparison between wood
and iron, the iron is denser than wood. You remember,
that every object has a mass density different and is the
nature of these objects. In Physics, measure the density
(density) of objects called homogeneous density, ie mass
per unit volume. So the density is a measurement of the
mass per unit volume of the object. The higher the density
of an object, the greater the mass of each volume. The
average density of each object is divided by the total
mass of the total volume. An object that has a higher
density (such as iron) will have a lower volume than the
same mass of objects which have a lower density (eg
 water). The SI unit of density is the kilogram per meter
cubic (kg /m-3).
Fungtion of density is to determine the substance.
Each substance has different density. And regardless of
the substance regardless of its mass volume will have the
same density.
Mathematically, The formula of desity is write as :
=m/V
with m = mass (kg),
V = volume (m3), and
= density (kg/m3).

Some types of substance and its density can be seen in

the following table.

Substance Density (g/cm3) Substance Density (g/cm3)

water 1,00 Glycerine 1,26
Aluminium 2,7 Brass 8,6
Steel 7,8 Silver 10,5
Benzene 0,9 Platinum 21,4
Iron 7,8 Mercury 13,6
Gold 19,3 Copper 8,9
Ice 0,92 Plumbum 11,3

2. Surface tension
There ate many perception about fluid surface. Needle
which placed slowly above the fluid surface still floating.
At needle place, fluid surface curve downwards follow this
kontour show that surface of sharing fluid very look like
with the membrane which flung out. Needle will sink if the
surface of fluid are torn. Phenomenon in fluid if fluid
surface torn look like tornly of membrane
 Because fluid surface loo like with the membrane
which flung out, so fluid surface draw the object in its side
with the parallel style of surface.
The level of attractive force by surface of fluid on the
contact with solid substance is
F = L
WithF = Force (N)
L = Length of lines contact (m)
= Coefficient of Surface tension (N/m)
Substance Surface Tension (N/m)
Mercury (20 C) 0,44
Alcohol (20 C) 0,023
Water (0 C) 0,076
Water (20 C) 0,072
Water (100 C) 0,059
Benzene (20 C) 0,029

3. Capillarity
The surface tension is has a role in an interesting
phenomenon, its capillarity. Examples of events that
indicate capillarity is kerosene, which can up through the
wick stove. In addition, the walls of our homes on a wet
rainy season can also occur because of the capillarity
phenomenon.
To discuss capillarity, we noticed a glass pipe with a
small diameter (capillary) which ends open when it is
inserted into a vessel filled with water. We can see that
the surface of the water in the pipes will rise. Another
result if we dip the pipe into a vessel containing mercury.
The surface of the mercury in the tube will drop or lower
than the surface of the mercury in the vessel. These
symptoms are called capillarity symptoms.
In this situation, a pipe used is a capillary tube.
Therefore, the capillarity is the symptoms when the liquid
are rise and fall in the capillary tube. The surface of the
liquid in the form of concave or convex are called the
meniscus. Surface of water on the concave glass wall is
called the meniscus concave, and the surface of mercury
is called the meniscus convex.
The cause of the capillary symptoms are the presence
of adhesion and cohesion. Cohesion is the force of
attraction between molecules of the same type. This style
causes the substances to one another can not be attached
because the molecule repel each other. Adhesion is the
force of attraction between molecules of different kinds.
This style causes the substances to one another can be
attached to either attract each other because of their
molecular or glue.
In the capillarity phenomenon of water, capillary rise
of water in the pipe due to adhesion between particles
with a glass of water is greater than the cohesion between
the particles of water. Instead, the capillarity symptoms of
mercury, mercury adhesion to glass is smaller than the
cohesion between the particles of mercury. Therefore, the
contact angle between mercury with glass walls will be
greater than the contact angle of water with glass walls.
Increase or decrease the liquid in the capillary tube is
caused by the surface tension acting on the circumference
of the pipe liquid contiguity.
Here are some examples that show symptoms of
capillarity in everyday life:
a. Rising through the wick kerosene stove so the stove
can be turned on.
b. Cloth and blotting paper can suck the liquid.
c. Water from the roots can climb on tree trunks through
the vessels of wood.
 Besides profits, capillarity may cause some of the
following problems:
a. Rainwater seeping from the outer wall, so that the
walls of the wet well.
b. Water from the bottom wall of the house oozing up
through the bricks to get to the top so that the walls of
the house damp.

4. Viscosity

C. Hyrostatic Pressure
Do you remember the definition of pressure? The pressure
is the force exerted perpendicular to a surface and the
surface area divided by the field. Mathematically, the
pressure equation is written as follows.
p=F/A
with F = force (N)
A = surface area (m 2), and
p = pressure (N / m2 = Pascal).
The equation above states that the pressure p is inversely
proportional to the surface area of a work force. So, for the
same great style, spacious small areas will gain greater
pressure than large bandwidth. Can you give some examples
of the application of the concept of stress in daily life?
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that occurs under
water. Pressure hydrostatic fluid caused by immobile.
Hydrostatic pressure experienced by a point in the fluid
caused by gravity fluid which is above that point. If the
magnitude of the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the
tube is p, according to the concept of pressure, the amount of
p can be calculated from the comparison between the gravity
of the fluid (F) and the surface area of the vessel (A).
p=F/A
Gravity of the fluid is a fluid mass multiplication of the
acceleration of gravity, is written
mass gravity of the earth
p= A

Because, m = V, by the pressure of the fluid equations

written as
p = Vg / A
The volume of fluid in the vessel is the result of
multiplying the surface area of the vessel (A) and high fluid in
the vessel (h). Therefore, the equation at the bottom of the
pressure vessel due to fluid height h can be written as
p = (Ah) g / a = hg
If the hydrostatic pressure denoted by pH, the equation is
written as
p h = gh

with ph = hydrostatic pressure (N/m2),

= density of the fluid (kg/m3),
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2), and
h = the depth of the point of the fluid surface (m).
The higher of the surface of the Earth, the air
pressure will decrease. Conversely, the deeper you dive
from the surface of the ocean or a lake, the hydrostatic
pressure will increase. Why is that? This was caused by
the gravity generated by the air and liquid. You already
know that the air layer will be thinner with increasing
 height of the Earth's surface so that the air pressure will
decrease as altitude increases. As for the liquid, the
greater its mass along with increasing depth. Therefore,
the hydrostatic pressure will increase if the depth
increases.

D. The Application of Statics Fluid

 CHAPTER III
PENUTUP
A. Conclusion
Fluid is a form the substract which can flow. For example
liquids and gases. The charasteristic and the ability the fluid
to flow to adjust where its placed and distinguish with solid
substances.
Static fluid is fluid which at rest and not flow. In static
fluid, we can study aboout density, surface tension,
capillarity, viscosity, and hydrostatic Pressure.
B. Suggestion