CHNG 4

PH GIA HO HC CHO
XI MNG V B TNG

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 NH NGHA V PHN LOI

Khi nim:
L nhng cht c a vo vi hm lng nht nh so vi hm
lng xi mng lm thay i mt s tnh cht ca xi mng, b tng
trc v sau khi ng rn.

Ci thin tnh cht b tng va trn

Tng linh ng, st, ko di thi gian duy tr st
Lm chm hoc tng nhanh qu trnh ninh kt.
Trnh s phn tng, tch nc
B tng khng b co ngt hoc n th tch cht t.
Ch b tng ti i xa, to kh nng bm b tng ln cao

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 Ci thin tnh cht ca b tng
sau khi ha cng
Tng cng sm
Tng cng chu nn, chu ko
Tng chng thm
Lm chm qu trnh ta nhit
Hn ch s n th tch
To s dnh bm b tng c v mi.
To mu sc cho b tng.
Tng dnh kt ca b tng vi ct thp.

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 Phn loi
Tiu chun Vit Nam ( TCVN 325:2004 )
Tiu chun Php NF.P18-103
Tiu chun Nga
Tiu chun M (ASTM C494.86)
Tiu chun ACI

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 Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 325:2004

Ph gia ho do gim nc (Water-reducing admixtures).

Ph gia chm ng kt (Retarding admixtures).
Ph gia ng rn nhanh (Accelerating admixtures).
Ph gia ho do - chm ng kt (Water-reducing
and retarding admixtures).
Ph gia ho do - ng rn nhanh (Water-reducing and
accelerating admixtures).
Ph gia siu do - chm ng kt (Water-reducing, high
range, and retarding admixtures).
Ph gia siu do (gim nc mc cao) (Water-
reducing, high range admixtures).

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Tiu chun M ASTM C.494-86
Loi A: ph gia gim nc.
Loi B: ph gia chm ninh kt.
Loi C: ph gia nhanh ninh kt.
Loi D: ph gia gim nc v chm ninh kt.
Loi E: ph gia gim nc v nhanh ninh kt.
Loi F: ph gia gim nc v nhanh ninh kt cao
cp (siu do).
Loi G: ph gia gim nc v chm ninh kt cao
cp (siu do).

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TIU CHUN ACI-VIN B TNG M
Ph gia tng nhanh ha rn
Ph gia gim nc v iu chnh tc ninh kt
Ph gia cho va trm trong cng tc khoan pht
Ph gia tng hm lng kh trong b tng
Ph gia n
Ph gia chng thm
Ph gia trm v sa cc kt cu b h hng.
Ph gia hn ch tng tc c hi ca silic-kim
Ph gia c ch n mn kim loi
Ph gia dit nm khun v cn trng
Ph gia iu chnh s tch nc
Ph gia to mu sc.
Cc ph gia khong.
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SN PHM SIKA

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 Phn loi theo cng dng
Ph gia iu chnh s ng rn ca b tng v va
Tng nhanh ng cng b tng
Chm ng cng b tng
Ph gia gim nc thng
Tng do, gim nc 10%
Cng tng 15-25%
Ph gia gim nc bc cao ( ph gia siu do)
Gim 25-30% lng nc trn
Tng cng khong 30-40%
st tng 4 ln

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 Phn loi theo ng dng
Ph gia cun kh
Tc dng li cun mt phn khng kh vo trong b
tng.
Bt kh nh ng knh t 10-1000m
Tng lu ng, gim phn tng tit nc
Ph gia hot tnh puzoland
TCVN 3735-82
t diatomit, tro ni la, bazan, phin st
Tng c chc, tnh chng thm, gim nhit thy
ha, gim phn tng.
Ko di thi gian ng kt, chm pht trin cng
3,7 ngy.

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 Phn loi theo ng dng
Tro bay
Gim nhit thy ha, dng cho BT khi ln
Gim lng nc trn
Gim phn tng, tit nc
Gim thm nc, tng tnh bn trong mi trng
nc, chm s ng kt
Silicafum
ng knh 0.01-10m
Tng cng , c chc
Khng dng qu 10%

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 Phn loi theo ng dng
Ph gia x l cao
TCVN 4315-1986 , x thu c trong qu trnh luyn gang v lm
ngui nhanh to thnh ht pha thy tinh.
T din ca x :3500 -5000cm2 /g
Gim nhit thy ha, tng c chc
Tng bn trong nc, nc bin.
Tng tnh d ca b tng
Ph gia tro tru
Ph gia n
Ph gia chng thm nc
Ph gia c ch n mn ct thp

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 PH GIA HA DO
Phn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc
- Ph gia gc Lignosulphunates (LSF)

NaSO3

H
O C C CH
H

OH OH

HO OCH3
n

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 PH GIA HA DO
Ngun gc
Sn phm ca qu trnh sn xut bt giy t g.
Polymer ca phenyl propane vi nhm hydroxyl
(OH), methoxyl (OCH3), vng phenyl (C6H5), v
axit sulfnoic (SO3H)

Tc dng
Tng st hn hp b tng
Gim nc thp: mc gim nc ti a l
12%
Gim lng xi mng, tng cng
C tc dng lm chm ng kt khi s dng
hm lng cao

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 C ch tc dng

Cc phn t hp th trn b mt xi mng

To lp mng mng chng s keo t ca xi mng
Nhm lm tng do ca hn hp, gim phn tng ca
va v gim lng nc trn.

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nh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tng

Ph gia gim nc
Tc dng gim nc
Tc dng tng st
Tc dng iu chnh thi gian ninh kt
Tc dng n tch nc
Tc dng n cun kh

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nh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tng

Ph gia lm chm
Tc dng thi gian ninh kt
Tc dng n st
Tc dng n tch nc
Tc dng n cun kh

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 PH GIA HA DO
Phn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc
- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Napthalene Formaldehyte (SNF)
+ H2 SO 4
SO 3 H CH2 O SO 3 H CH 2 *

NaOH

SO 3 Na CH 2 *

Ngun gc : Thu c khi chng ct than kh hoc c

th tng hp t cc cht hu c
Tc dng:
+ Gim nc ti a l 25%
+ Lm gim cng ban u

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 PH GIA HA DO
Phn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc
- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Melamine Formaldehyte (SMF)

Ngun gc : to thnh t gc tng hp melamin v

formaldehyte
Tc dng:
+ Gim nc ti a l 25%
+ To cng sm
+ S dng thch hp trong iu kin nng m

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 PH GIA HA DO
Tng hp SMF
- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Melamine Formaldehyte (SMF)
H2N N N H2 H O H2C H N N N H C H2O H
C C 3 C H2O C C
N N F o rm a d e h y d e N N
C C
N H2 N H C H2O H

M e la m in e T rim e th y lo l m e la m in e

NaHS O3 S o d iu m b is u lfite

H O H2C H N N N H C H2O H
C C
N N
C
P o ly m e riz a tio n N H C H2S O3Na

H O H2C H N N N H C H2 O
C C
N N
C n

H N C H2S O3Na

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 PH GIA HA DO
Phn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc
- Ph gia gc Vinylcopolymer

Ngun gc : L sn phm ca qu trnh tng hp du th

Tc dng:
+ Gim nc ti a l 30%
+ Ko di thi gian thi cng
+ To ra kh nng tng thch cao vi cc loi XM hn
hp

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 PH GIA HA DO
Phn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc
- Ph gia gc Polycacboxylate
3 3
H CH2 C CH C H
2
C=O C=O
O O
M n CH m
2
CH
2
R = C3H O l
M = Na R
(Copolymer of carboxylic acrylic acid with acrylic ester)

Ngun gc : c tng hp t cc polymer cao phn t

dng cht khi mo l peroxy
Tc dng:
+ Gim nc ti a n 40%
+ Duy tr tnh cng tc cao
+ To cng sm
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 C CH TC DNG CA PG HA DO
Ha do do gim sc cng b mt
- Cht hot ng b mt bao gm 2 phn:
+ Phn phn cc
+ Phn khng phn cc
- C ch :
+ Phn khng phn cc hp ph vo cc ht pha rn
lm gim sc cng b mt phn chia pha rn lng.
+ Phn phn cc tan vo trong nc
Ha do cun kh
- Khi lm gim sc cng b mt PGSD ng thi c tc
dng cun kh
- Cc bt kh trong b tng c tc dng nh tm m lm
cho pha rn trt ln nhau d dng hn
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 C CH TC DNG CA PG HA DO
C ch ha do do chng kt dnh v chng keo t
- Ha do do lc y tnh in (SNF), SMF
- Ha do do lc y khng gian (polycacboxylate)

M hnh hp ph ca PG ha do (LSF, SNF, SMF)

M hnh hp ph ca PG siu do - PC 24
 C CH TC DNG CA POLYCACBOXYLAT
-Giai on 1( LSF, SNF, SMF)

- Giai on 2

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M HNH C CH TC DNG CA PG POLYMER
TRONG BT

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 NH HNG CA PG HA DO N H
XI MNG NC
nh hng n tnh lu bin
- PGSD lm gim nht ca h xi mng nc
- Ty thuc vo t l C3A/ C4AF, C3S/ C2S m s nh hng
ca PGSD ln h l khc nhau.
- Ty thuc vo gc v hm lng ph gia

A: Hn hp nc + xi mng nh hng ca sulfonate napthalen

B: Nc + xi mng + siu do formaldehyde n nht ca h

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NH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NC
nh hng n kh nng hp ph
- Kh nng hp ph ca ph gia ln b mt ht xi mng ph
thuc vo mn, t l C3S/ C2S, C3A/ C4AF. T l ny cng
cao th kh nng hp ph cng ln
- Kh nng hp ph ca PG ln C3A l tt nht.

nh hng ca SMF n kh nng hp ph

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NH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NC

nh hng n qu trnh hydrat ha

- Lignosulfonate:
Lm chm qu trnh ninh kt
Tng cng tui di ngy
- SNF v SMF
C SNF v SMF u lm chm qu trnh thy ha ca
C3A v C3S
Khi c mt SMF, Tinh th CSH to thnh c cu trc xt
c v t l rng hn khi khng c ph gia.
- Polycacboxylate:
Cha c nhiu nghin cu v nh hng ca PC n
ng hc ca qu trnh hydrate ha

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 TC DNG CA PG HA DO N HN
HP B TNG
Gim lng nc nho trn m vn gi c st yu cu.
Gim t l N/XM
Tng kh nng duy tr st, tng tnh cng tc (tr mt vi
loi PG)
Lm gim s tch nc, phn tng.
C tc dng lm tng hay gim thi gian ng kt.

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TC DNG CA PGSD N HN HP
B TNG

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 TC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNG
Tng cng ban u v cng ca b tng.
Gim nhit thy ha trong qu trnh ng rn.
Tng kh nng chng thm cho b tng
Hn ch kh nng thay i th tch do ARS
Gim kh nng s n mn ha hc.

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TC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNG

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KIM TRA MT S CH TIU CA PG HA DO

1. Xc nh pH
pH ca ph gia thay i theo thi gian
2. Xc nh t trng ca ph gia
3. Xc nh hm lng cht kh
4. Xc nh hm lng ion Clorua.
5. Xc nh hm lng tro
6. Xc nh kh nng gim nc ca ph gia
7. Xc nh thi gian ng kt ca b tng v kh
nng duy tr st
8. Phn tch ph hng ngoi

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PH HNG NGOI CA MT S PH GIA

Ph hng ngoi ca cc loi ph gia ADVA512, HE 10-AT, ACE388, SP8S,

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