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RESEARCH ARTICLE
ABSTRACT
In this paper we introduce the notion of fuzzy neutrosophic subgroups. Also
we obtain the fuzzy neutrosophic subgroups generated by fuzzy neutrosophic
set and investigate some of their properties.
MSC 2010:03B99,03E99,20K27
Keywords:fuzzy neutrosophic
KY PUBLICATIONS
1.INTRODUCTION
Smarandache [13 ] initiated the concept of neutrosophic set which overcomes the inherent
difficulties that existed in fuzzy sets[14] and intuitionistic fuzzy sets [5,6].Following this, the
neutrosophic sets are explored to different heights in all fields of science and
engineering.I.Arockiarani et al. defined the notion of fuzzy neutrosophic sets [1].In 1989, R.Biswas
[8] introduced the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups and studied some of their properties . In
this paper we define fuzzy neutrosophic subgroups and discuss their properties.
2.PRELIMINARIES:
Definition 2.1:[1] A Fuzzy neutrosophic set A on the universe of discourse X is defined as
A= , , , , where , , : [0,1] and 0 TA ( x) I A ( x) FA ( x) 3
Definition 2.2: [1] Let X be a non empty set, and
A x, TA ( x), I A ( x), FA ( x) , B x, TB ( x), I B ( x), FB ( x)
(i) A B for all x if TA ( x) TB ( x) , I A ( x) I B ( x) , FA ( x) FB ( x)
(ii) A B x, max (TA ( x), TB ( x)) , max( I A ( x), I B ( x)) , min( FA ( x), FB ( x))
(iii) A B x, min (TA ( x), TB ( x)) , min( I A ( x), I B ( x)) , max( FA ( x), FB ( x))
(iv) A\B (x)= x, min (TA ( x), FB ( x)) , min( I A ( x),1 I B ( x)) , max( FA ( x), TB ( x))
Definition 2.3:[1] A Fuzzy neutrosophic set A over the universe X is said to be null or empty Fuzzy
neutrosophic set if TA(x) = 0 ,IA(x) = 0 , FA(x) = 1 for all x X. It is denoted by 0 N
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Definition 2.4:[1] A Fuzzy neutrosophic set A over the universe X is said to be absolute fuzzy
neutrosophic set if TA(x) = 1 , IA(x) = 1 , FA(x) = 0 for all x X. It is denoted by 1 N
Definition 2.5: [1]The complement of a Fuzzy neutrosophic set A is denoted by Ac and is defined as
Ac = x, TAc ( x) , I Ac ( x) , FAc ( x) where TAc ( x) FA ( x) , I Ac ( x) 1 I A ( x) , FAc ( x) TA ( x)
.
Definition 2.8:[3]Let ( X , ) be a groupoid and let A and B be two fuzzy neutrosophic sets in X
.Then the fuzzy neutrosophic product of A and B , A B ,is defined as follows: for any x X ,
TA ( y ) TB ( z )
for each ( y, z ) X X with yz x,
TA B ( x) yz x
0 otherwise
I A ( y ) I B ( z )
for each ( y, z ) X X with yz x,
I A B ( x) yz x
0 otherwise
FA ( y ) FB ( z )
for each ( y, z ) X X with yz x,
FA B ( x) yz x
1 otherwise
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Definiion 2.9:[4] Let G be a groupoid and let A FNS (G) .Then A is called a :
(1) fuzzy neutrosophic left ideal (in short FNLI ) of G if for any x, y G , A( xy ) A( y) .(i.e.,)
TA ( xy ) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( y) and FA ( xy ) FA ( y)
(2) fuzzy neutrosophic right ideal (in short FNRI ) of G if for any x, y G , A( xy ) A( x) .(i.e.,)
TA ( xy ) TA ( x), I A ( xy ) I A ( x) and FA ( xy ) FA ( x)
(3) fuzzy neutrosophic ideal (in short FNI ) of G if it is both a FNLI and FNRI
It is clear that A is a FNI of G if and only if for any x, y G ,
TA ( xy ) TA ( x) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( x) I A ( y) and FA ( xy ) FA ( x) FA ( y) .Moreover
,a FNI (respectively FNLI , FNRI ) is a FNSGP of G .Note that for any FNSGP A of G
we have TA ( x n ) TA ( x), I A ( x n ) I A ( x) and FA ( x n ) FA ( x) for each x G , where x
n
is any composite of x s.
We will denote the set of all FNSGP s of G as FNSGP(G) .
Definition 2.10:[4]Let (G, ) be a groupoid and let 0 N A FNS (G) .Then A is called a fuzzy
.
neutrosophic subgroupoid in G (in short , FNSGP in G ) if A A A .
.
Definition 2.11:[4]Let (G, ) be a groupoid and let A FNS (X ) .Then A is called a fuzzy
neutrosophic subgroupoid in G (in short , FNSGP in G ) if for any x, y G ,
TA ( xy ) TA ( x) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( x) I A ( y) and FA ( xy ) FA ( x) FA ( y) .It is clear that
0 N and 1N are both FNSGP s of G .
Definition 2.12:[4]Let A FNS (G) .Then A is said to have the sup property if for any T P(G)
,there exists a t 0 T such that A(t 0 ) A(t ) .i.e.,
tT
Proposition 3.3:
Let A and B be any two FNSG s of a group G .Then the following conditions are equivalent:
(1) A B FNSG (G).
(2) A B B A
Proof: Proof is immediate.
1
Proposition 3.4: Let A FNSG (G) .Then A( x ) A( x) ,
(i.e.,) TA ( x 1 ) TA ( x), I A ( x 1 ) I A ( x), FA ( x 1 ) FA ( x) and A( x) A(e) ,
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sup- property.
Proposition 3.9 :
A FNSG (G) if and only if TA ( xy 1 ) TA ( x) TA ( y) , I A ( xy 1 ) I A ( x) I A ( y) ,
FA ( xy 1 ) FA ( x) FA ( y) for any x, y G .
Proof:
Proof follows from Definition 3.1 and Proposition 3.4.
Proposition 3.10 :
A group G cannot be the union of two proper FNSGs .
Proof:
Let A and B be proper FNSG s of a group G such that A B 1N , A 1N and B 1N .
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A B 1N TA TB 1, I A I B 1, FA FB 0 .Then TA 1 or TB 1 , I A 1 or I B 1 ,
FA 0 or FB 0 .Since A 1N and B 1N , TA 1or I A 1or FA 0 and
TB 1or I B 1or FB 0 .In either cases,this is a contradiction.This completes the proof.
Proposition 3.11:
If A is a FNSGP of a group G ,then A is a FNSG of G .
Proof:
Let x G .Since G is finite , x has the finite order say n .Then x e ,where e is the identity of G
n
1
. Thus x x n1 .Since A is a FNSGP of a group G , TA ( x 1 ) TA ( x n1 ) TA ( x n2 x) TA ( x)
I A ( x 1 ) I A ( x n1 ) I A ( x n2 x) I A ( x)
FA ( x 1 ) FA ( x n1 ) FA ( x n2 x) FA ( x)
Hence A is a FNSG of G .
Proposition 3.12:
Let A be a FNSG of a group G and let x G .Then A( xy ) A( y) ,(i.e.,)
TA ( xy ) TA ( x), I A ( xy ) I A ( x), FA ( xy ) FA ( x) for each y G if and only if A( x) A(e) .(i.e.,)
TA ( x) TA (e), I A ( x) I A (e), FA ( x) FA (e) ,where e is the identity of G .
Proof:
Suppose A( xy ) A( y) for each y G .Then clearly A( x) A(e) .
Conversely, suppose A( x) A(e) .Then by Proposition 3.4,
TA ( y) TA ( x), I A ( y) I A ( x), FA ( y) FA ( x) for each y G .Since A is a FNSG of G ,then
TA ( xy ) TA ( x) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( x) I A ( y), FA ( xy ) FA ( x) F A( y) .Thus
TA ( xy ) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( y), FA ( xy ) F A( y) for each y G .
On the other hand ,by Proposition 3.4,
TA ( y) TA ( x 1 xy ) TA ( x) TA ( xy ), I A ( y) I A ( x) I A ( xy ), FA ( y) FA ( x) F A( xy ) .
Since TA ( x) TA ( y), I A ( x) I A ( y), FA ( x) F A( y) for each y G .
TA ( x) TA ( xy ) TA ( xy ), I A ( x) I A ( xy ) I A ( xy ), FA ( x) FA ( xy ) FA ( xy ) .So
TA ( y) TA ( xy ), I A ( y) I A ( xy ), FA ( y) F A( xy ) for each y G .Hence
TA ( xy ) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( y), FA ( xy ) F A( y) for each y G .
Proposition 3.13:
Let f : G G' be a group homomorphism, let A FNSG (G) and let B FNSG (G' ) .Then the
following hold:
(i) If A has the sup- property , then f ( A) FNG (G' ) .
(ii) f 1 ( B) FNSG (G) .
Proof:
(i) By Proposition 5.4 in [4],(i.e.,)Let f : G G" be a groupoid homomorphism and let
A FNS (G) have the sup property .
(1) If A FNSGP(G) , then f ( A) FNSGP(G") .
(2) If A is a FNI ( FNLI , FNRI ) of G , then f (A) is a FNI ( FNLI , FNRI ) of G" .
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I f ( A) ( y 1 ) f ( I A )( y 1 )
1 1
I A (t ) I A ( x01 ) I A ( x 0 ) I f ( A) ( y) .
t f (y )
1 1
Ff ( A) ( y ) f ( FA )( y ) FA (t ) FA ( x01 ) FA ( x 0 ) Ff ( A) ( y) .
t f 1 ( y 1 )
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(i.e.,) TA ( xy ) t1 , I A ( xy ) s1 , FA ( xy ) r1 .
So TA ( xy ) TA ( x) TA ( y), I A ( xy ) I A ( x) I A ( y) , FA ( xy ) FA ( x) FA ( y) .For each x G ,
let A( xy ) ( , , ) .Then x G A( , , ) .Since G A( , , ) is a subgroup of G , x 1 G A( , , ) .So
A( x 1 ) ( , , ) .(i.e.,) TA ( x 1 ) TA ( x), I A ( x 1 ) I A ( x), FA ( x 1 ) FA ( x) .Hence A is a
FNSG of a group G .
Proposition 3.18:
Let A be a fuzzy neutrosophic set in X and let (1 , 1 , 1 ), (2 , 2 , 2 ) Im( A) .If
1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 then A( , , ) A( , 1 1 1 2 2 , 2 )
.
Result 3.19: Let A be a fuzzy neutrosophic set in a group G .Then A is a FNSG of G if and only if
A( , , ) is a subgroup of G for each ( , , ) Im( A) .
Definition 3.20:
Let A be a FNSG of group G and let ( , , ) Im( A) .Then the subgroup A( , , ) is called a
( , , ) level subgroup of A .
Lemma 3.21:
Let A be any fuzzy neutrosophic set in X.Then TA ( x) : x A( , , ) ,
I A ( x) : x A( , , ) , FA ( x) : x A( , , ) where x X and ( , , ) I 3 with
3 .
Proof: Let : x A( , , ) , : x A( , , ) , : x A( , , ) and let 0 be
arbitrary. Then : x A( , , ) , : x A , : x A ( , , ) ( , , )
.Thus there exist , , I with 3 such that x A( , , ) ,
, , .Since x A( , , ) , TA ( x) , I A ( x) , FA ( x) .Thus
TA ( x) , I A ( x) , FA ( x) .Since 0 is arbitrary ,
TA ( x) , I A ( x) , FA ( x) .
We now show that TA ( x) , I A ( x) , FA ( x) .Suppose TA ( x) t1 , I A ( x) t 2 , FA ( x) t 3
.Then t1 t 2 t 3 3 .Thus x A(t1 ,t2 ,t3 ) .So t1 : x A( , , ) , t 2 : x A( , , ) ,
t 3 : x A( , , ) .Thus, t1 : x A( , , ) t 2 : x A( , , ) , t 3 : x A( , , )
.(i.e.,) TA ( x) , I A ( x) , FA ( x) .
This completes the proof.
We shall denote by A the FNSG generated by the fuzzy neutrosophic set A in G .We shall use
the same notation A ( , , ) for the ordinary subgroup of the group generated by the level subset
( , , )
A .
Theorem 3.22:
Let G be a group and let A FNS (G) .Let A FNS (G) be defined as follows :for each
*
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1 1 1
t1 TA* ( x), t 2 I A* ( x), t 3 FA* ( x) .
n n n
(i.e.,) t1 TA* ( x), t 2 I A* ( x), t 3 FA* ( x) .
Hence x A
*(t1 .t 2 ,t3 )
. (i.e.,) A( , , ) A
*(t1 .t 2 ,t3 )
.
Hence A
*(t1 .t 2 ,t3 )
A( , , ) .Since A ( , , )
is a subgroup of G , A *(t1 .t 2 ,t3 )
is a subgroup of G. By
Result 3.19, A* is a FNSG of G .
Now , we show that A A* .Let x G .Then by Lemma 3.21, TA ( x) : x A( , , ) ,
I A ( x) : x A ( , , )
, F ( x) : x A
A
( , , )
.Thus
T ( x) : x A
A
( , , )
, I ( x) : x A
A
( , , )
, F ( x) : x A
A
( , , )
.So A A . *
Finally , let B be any FNSG of G such that A B .We show that A* B. Let x G and
1
n
1
n
1
A* ( x) (t1 , t2 , t3 ) .Then A*(t1.t2 ,t3 ) A( , , ) ,where t1 , t2 , t3 , and n is
n
any sufficiently large positive integer. Thus x A ( , , )
.So x a1a2 ......am ,where ai or ai1 belongs
to A( , , ) (i 1,....m).
On the other hand, TB ( x) TB (a1a2 ......am )
TB (a1 ) TB (a2 ) TB (a3 )...... TB (am )
1
TA (a1 ) TA (a 2 ) ..... TA (am ) t1 .
n
Similarly I B ( x) I B (a1a2 ......am )
I B (a1 ) I B (a2 ) I B (a3 )...... I B (am )
1
I A (a1 ) I A (a 2 ) ..... I A (am ) t2 and
n
FB ( x) FB (a1a2 ......am )
FB (a1 ) FB (a 2 ) FB (a3 )...... FB (a m )
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1
FA (a1 ) FA (a 2 ) ..... FA (am ) t3 .
n
Since n is sufficiently large positive integer , TB ( x) t1 , I B ( x) t2 , FB ( x) t3 .So A* B. Hence
A* B FNSG (G) : A B.This completes the proof.
Lemma 3.23:
Let G be a finite group.Suppose there exists a FNSG A of G satisfying the following
conditions:for any x, y G ,
(i) A( x) A( y) ( x) ( y)
(ii ) TA ( x) TA ( y) , I A ( x) I A ( y) , FA ( x) FA ( y) ( x) ( y). Then G is cyclic.
Proof:
Suppose A is constant on G .Then A( x) A( y) for any x, y G .By the condition (i) , ( x) ( y)
.So G (x) .Now suppose A is not constant on G .Let
Im( A) (t0 , s0 , r0 ), (t1 , s1 , r1 ),.......( tn , sn , rn ),where
t0 t1 ..... tn , s0 s1 ..... sn , r0 r1 ..... rn .Then by Proposition 3.18 and Result 3.19, we
obtain the chain of level subgroups of A : A(t0 ,s0 ,r0 ) A(t1 ,s1 ,r1 ) ..... A(tn ,sn ,rn ) G .
Let x G A .We show that G (x) .Let g G A
( tn1 ,sn1 ,rn 1 ) ( tn1 ,sn1 ,rn 1 )
. Since
t0 t1 ..... tn , s0 s1 ..... sn , r0 r1 ..... rn , A( g ) A( x) A(tn1 ,sn1 ,rn1 ) . By the condition
(i) , ( g ) ( x) .Thus G A ( x) .Now let g A (t n 1 , sn 1 , rn 1 ) .Then
( tn 1 ,sn 1 ,rn 1 )
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(ii ) TA ( x) TA ( y) , I A ( x) I A ( y) , FA ( x) FA ( y) ( x) ( y).
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