Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cleaner Waste
Production prevention
Economic instruments
Environmental Management Systems
eg ISO 14 000, ISO 14001
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
Auditing
Environmental impact assessment
Technology assessment eg EnTA
Eco-labels
Product design initiatives
Disincentives?
waste
source No waste
disposal
minimisation
to treatment
With waste
source waste disposal minimisation,
recycling and
Off-site treatment
On-site recycling
recycling
TRP Chapter 4.2 14
Preferred hierarchy of waste
management options
Source
reduction
On-site/off-site Waste
recycling diversion
Treatment
Final disposal
Source
reduction
Savings = US$192million
Economic barriers
Technical barriers
Regulatory barriers
Common themes:
specialist consultant to manage programme
facilitated discussion and dissemination
shared experiences
encouraging replication
TRP Chapter 4.2 23
Case studies
6 main steps:
identify plant operations
define process inputs
define process outputs
assess material balance
identify opportunities
conduct feasibility study
Total Total
material in = material + Product
out
Inputs Outputs
Gaseous emissions
Raw material 2
Production By-product
process or unit
Raw material 3 Wastewater
operation
Water/air Wastes for storage or
off-site disposal
Technical considerations:
Availability of technology
Facility constraints including compatibility
with existing operation
Product requirements
Operator safety and training
Potential for health and environmental
impacts
Economic considerations:
Capital and operating costs
Pay-back period
TRP Chapter 4.2 34
Phase 3: Implementing,
monitoring and reviewing
Costs:
capital investment in equipment
staff training
maintenance and repair
staff time
residue disposal
quality control
Need:
storage for materials awaiting collection
transport to off-site facility
electrowinning
residue 99.99% Pb
washing ingots
purification
Inert
residues Bi, Cu, As, Sb ...
Information on Information on
wastes available wastes available
Waste
Waste User
generator
Information on exchange
Information on
wastes wanted wastes wanted
volumes recycled
raw materials saved
costs reduced
awareness raised
Internet
Integration of exchanges
Government support and funding
Research into opportunities for particular wastes
Limited liability for users