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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

WITH PRETERM BIRTH,LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ASPHYXIA


Lutfatul Latifah dan Mekar Dwi Anggraeni
Jurusan
Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy and labor in adolescent contribute to increase perinatal death in
Indonesia. In adolescent pregnancy, complications such as preterm labor, low
birth weight, and perinatal death often occur. The aim of this study to determine
the association between adolescent pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth
weight and asphyxia. Methods : All adolescent women who gave birth at
Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto hospital in 2009 (n=60) were included in this
population -based a survey of cohort retrospective study. Chi Squarewas used to
analyse the relation between adolescent pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth
weight and asphyxia. Result of this study shows the average age of adolescent
mother were 17,8 years old, with deviation standard 1,038, youngest age was 14
and old est was 19. Bivariate analysis shows there are significant relationship
between adolescent pregnancy and preterm bith with p=0,012 and OR= 3,857,
and between adolescent pregnancy and low birth weight with p=0,001 and
OR=7. Meanwhile there is no relationship between adolescent pregnancy and
asphyxia.
Key words : adolescent pregnancy, preterm birth, low birth weight, asphyxia

PINTRODUCTION

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) or Infant Mortality Rate


(IMR) in Indonesia is still quite high. Until 2008, AKB Sebesar 31.04 / 1000 live births. The figure was
still higher than Malaysia and Singapore respectively-amounting to 16.39 / 1000 and 2.3 / 1000 live
births(Ulfah, 2009).The three main causes of infant mortality tract infections
Acute respiratory (ISPA), perinatal complications and diarrhea. combined third this causes
contributes to 75% of infant deaths (United Nation Development
Programme(UNDP) Indonesia, 2005).

UNDP Indonesia (2005) states that 39% of infant deaths occurs in newborn lahir / BBL (age 0
-28 days), and 79% of deaths occur BBL in the early neonatal period (ages 0-
7 days). The cause of early neonatal death asphyxia, immaturity, hypothermia, infection (Pilliteri,
2003). Meanwhile according to the 2002 Demographic and Health Survey-
In 2003, the cause of death ne Early onatal are prematurity and
Low Birth Weight (35%) and asphyxia (33.6%).
The process of pregnancy and birth during adolescence contribute to the
improve the perinatal mortality rate in Indonesia. According Sarwono (2005) in pregnant women
aged remaj A frequent complication of pregnancy that bad
such as preterm labor, low birth weight (LBW) and death perinatal.
Grady and Bloom(2004),said that pregnancy underage 16 years was associated with increased
perinatal mortality and more of 18% of premature births occur in this age group.
Some complications encountered in pregnant adolescents based on the fact LEBih from
50% of pregnant teenagers do not receive prenatal care until the second trimester,
10% of pregnant teenagers do not receive prenatal care until the third trimester
(Hockaday, Crase, Shelley & Stockdale, 2000). Teen mom pregnant shows the incidence ko high
mplikasi include preeclampsia, sexually transmitted diseases, malnutrition and placental abruption
(Grady & Bloom,2004). The problem of malnutrition suffered by pregnant teens can causing risk of
preterm birth (Sarwono, 2005) and also mengalami low birth weight (Cater & Coleman, 2006).
Increased need nutrition during pregnancy can harm the growth of adolescents with
the same potential to the fetus. Low birth weight and complications during pregnancy and childbirth
dapat happened due to inadequate nutrition, because nutritional needs are still needed for the
physical growth of adolescents resulting in competition with the need for the fetus. WHO (1999),
estimates that about 25 million LBW babies born each year in the world
this is 17% of total live births. Nearly 95% of LBW babies born in the country
growing and most of them were born to mothers adolescence.

The study of 900 teenagers in Camden, New Jersey, 1992 obtained at Primi Young increased
LBW. This happens because relatively young teens and contribute to LBW as
age menarkhe result of the decrease that occurred in each year ( Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 1992)so usia chronological virtually no preditor can be good for a pregnancy
outcomes. but teens remain classified as a high risk of death in pregnant women and
low body weight before pregnancy.

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