© CHEMISTRY CONCENTRATE Electrode Potential ‘The electrode potential is « measure of the tendency of an electrolyte to gain or lose electrons in the half-cell, or it is defined as the potential difference set-up between an ‘electrode and its solution. Classification of Electrode Potential (Oxidation potential Reduction potenti ‘The tendency of an eectade to. The tendency of an electrode to gain lene alectonsor to gateisadis alactrans oro get reduced ie known own as craton potential.) a8 reduction potental (Ems) 2g. Mis) =n" (aq)+n0- og M* (aq)+ ne" —SM(e) Zi) —* an" (a) 420 cut 420° —*cuts) Such an clecrode is negatively Such an eleciode is postvaly ‘charged wih respact to ts eat charged with roepoct tote cat soluton ‘sabton, Ee = Fret ‘The hali-cell reactions are always written as reduction hhalf-reactions and their potentials are represented as reduction potentials. Standard Electrode Potential (é°) * Ttis equal to the electrode potential when concentration of electrolytic solution is 1M and temperature is 298 K. ‘= If the electrode involves in gas phase then, standard conditions chosen are 1atm pressure of gas, 1M concentration of its ions and temperature 298K. Bipotential Electrode Sensors "= Blectrocardiograpty {ECG}, electromyography (EME) and cclectroancephelogrephy (EEG) systems measure heart, muscle and train ectvty resnacvely ovr time by mensuing olectic ‘potentials on the surface of living tissue, = Nervous simul and muscle crtaction can be dtected by ‘measuring the ionic current flaw in the body. This is accomplished using a biopetential electrode. The carant flow Inthe human body is du to ion tow, not ‘electrons, * Abiopcsl electrodes ransdue that senssiondsrision ‘nthe surface of tisve and convert the en cart beecton cert Cell Potential and Electromotive Force (em!) ‘The difference in potential oftwo electrodes is knawn as cell potential, Under standard conditions, the cell potential Is Known as standard cell potential (2) When no current drawn from the call, the maximum posible cell potential is known as emfor the cell Since, every redox reaction can be thought as the sum of two half-reactions (oxidation and reduction), therefore, we can calculate the cll potential or femf by the addition ‘of two half-ell potential of two hall-reactions. Eu = Ecxtaion + Frets Fig, ~ Reduction potential of cathode ~ Reduction potential of anode (08 > AUGUST 2016 > CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM IPS TO CALCULATE CORRECT CELL POTENTIAL VALUE lneirance exams, most ofthe students do common misckos while slving rabies related to calculation o el otal Valu, These mistakes canbe rmaved ify follow flowing conditions * Youcan ess chek your ina answer whether itis corrector nt just seeing the value of al potenti ‘Fore foward spontaneous eatin cl ptt valve tous te paste + Fora becwadspontanenis ection, cel potential vale shoul be negate. * Mosty we use reduction potential valve for both calls fr ‘allatng te cl potertia vate as ola: Fut ™Entate ~Exnia "En ~EL ‘ut oxidation poeta of andi hal cel and rection foteal of eat ata s gen ten, called as, Fea =F + Eons “Ep +E «I simpy potty fs provid along wit calor haf cll roactin, tis ya is considered some as the corespering Phenomena 0g. Zn+Cu 92H" + Cu; BO mE oy Ina In” + 20°: B= Enea, Za ¢ 26° 9 iE = Egan Ey ‘Measurement of Electrode Potentlal + The measurement of absolute value of electrode potential is not possible for a single electrode. Orly the difference in potential between two electrodes can bbe measured experimentally. It is due to the reason that oxidation or reduetion cannot occur alone rather ‘they occur simultaneously. For indirect measurement ‘of potential of an electrode, we couple one electrode with another electrode whose potential is known. This lectrode is called reference electrode. ‘+ Now as wo know the em! (measured experimentally) as well as the value of reference electrode, the value of ‘other electrode is determined. + Hydrogen electrode is use as reference electrode. The reason for such a usage is that it can act as a cathode ‘es well as anode with respect to other electrode, Hi,(@) 92H" +20"; 211" +20" 91 Caxarmple? soe ca stp Zn) 2 aq) ||CuP"Cagh|Cuts Zn** (aq) —> Zris}+ 26", E* Cu?*(aq)+ 26° —+ Cus) £° = ‘The Eq for the net cell reaction will be xey xy vox or re ae