Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Robert Clive
2. Joseph Dupleix
3. Farrukhsiyar
4. Alivardi Khan
5. Siraj-ud-Daulah
6. Shuja-ud-Daulah
7. Shah Alam II
8. Mir Jafar
9. Mir Qasim
18. Cornwallis
20. Cornwallis (GG 1798-1805): First to bring into existence and organize the civil services
schooling
31. Satyendranath Sinha- first Indian member of the Imperial Legislative Council
Socio-Religious Movements:
32. Raja Rammohun Roy: Brahmo Samaj; rationalist, promoted monotheism and opposed idolatry,
preached that we should learn the best (and rational) practices from all religions, sati abolition
(achieved via act in 1829), promoter of womens education, great internationalist (supported
Spanish, irish revolutions
34. Keshub Chandra Sen: Appointed Acharya of Brahmo Samaj by D. Tagore. Popularized the
movement, and opened branches of Brahmo Samaj outside Bengal. D. Tagore didnt like his
radical ideas, such as praising rational teachings of other religions and promoting inter-caste
marriages, so dismissed him in 1865. In 1866, KCS then founded the Brahmo Samaj of India,
whereas DTs branch came to be known was Adi Brahmo Samaj.In 1863, he helped found the
Prarthana Samaj in Bombay.
35. Akshay Kumar Dutt- Bengal Renaissance, Tattvabodhini Sabha (just say early social reformer;
believed in rationalism, humanism, and religious universalism)
36. Jyotiba Phule: Born in a low-caste Mali family; led a movement against the brahminical
domination of Hindu society; accorded the highest priority to education of the depressed
classes, and especially girls. Set up the Satyashodhak Samaj, whose main aim was spread of
education among the depressed classes. He aimed at complete abolition of the caste system.
The key difference between this Samaj and other contemporaneous movements was that the
leadership here was provided by the lower castes themselves, and Raja Bali was used as a
rallying symbol, against Rama of the upper castes
37. Gopal Hari Deshmukh Lokahitwadi: Just your regular social reformer
38. Gopal Krishna Gokhale: Founded The Servants of India Society, whose main aim was to train
national missionaries for the service of the nation; i.e. to train a cadre of selfless workers who
were to devote their lives to the cause of the country as a religious spirit. SIS made many efforts
to improve Indian education
39. Ramakrishna Paramhansa: Preached the universal message of Vedanta, and said that all
religions were one; service of man = service of God. Aimed to bring a band of monks who would
practice a life of renunciation and practical spirituality, and spread the word further, and also
carry out charitable work for all, with no consideration for caste, creed, gender etc.
40. Narendranath Dutta: Swami Vivekananda; said: Knowledge without action is useless; also said,
for India, fusion of Hinduism and Islam was the only hope. Used Ramakrishna Mission for
humanitarian relief and social work
41. Dayanand Saraswati: Established Arya Samaj, wrote Satyarth Prakash. Gave the slogan Back to
the Vedas. Believed in classless, casteless society. Believed in supremacy of the vedas, but
launched a frontal attach on later Hindu texts and on Hindu orthodoxy. Opposed idol worship
42. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Cited Vedas to prove that Hindu religion sanctioned widow
remarriage; instrumental in getting the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856; pioneer of
womens education (founded more than 35 schools for women); secretary of the famous
Bethune School for Girls
43. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker: Organized the Self-Respect Movement, demanding the lifting of ban
on entry of lower castes into temples
44. Sri Narayan Guru: Kerala; one religion, one caste, one God for mankind
45. M. Malabari: A Parsi social reformer; founded the Seva Sadan in 1885, an organization which
specialized in taking care of women who were exploited and then discarded by society
46. Sri Narayan Guru: Worked among the untouchable toddy-trapper Ezhavas of Kerala for their
uplift; worked significantly to the Temple Entry Movement
50. Dudu Mian: Key in Faraizi movement, which was an orthodox Muslim movement that aimed to
create a paramilitary force to fight Hindu landlords and the police
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Early nationalists:
55. Surendranath Banerjee: founded Indian Association of Calcutta in 1876 (most important pre INC
political grouping, formed to agitate against pro-landlord policies of the British); in 1883, he
became the first Indian journalist to be imprisoned for writing an article criticizing a judge of the
Calcutta High Court
56. Pherozshah Mehta: Bombay Presidency Association, Indian National Conference (pre-INC)
58. DE Wacha
60. Badruddin Tayyabji- with Pherozshah Mehta, founded the pre-Congress Bombay Presidency
Association in 1885
Early extremists:
70. Raj Narain Bose
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79. The Aga Khan: One of the earliest proponents of the idea of the Muslim League (eventually
founded under the aegis of some Nawab somewhere)
80. Saifuddin Kitchlew
Swarajists:
86. Motilal Nehru
87. CR Das
88. Ajmal Khan
No-changers:
89. C. Rajagopalachari
90. Vallabhai Patel
91. MA Ansari
92. Rajendra Prasad: (was also involved in the Champaran satyagraha)
95. Surya Sen: Chittagong Armoury Raid, under the banner of Indian Republican Army
96. Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutt, Santi Ghosh, Suniti Chanderi, Bina Das: involved in
revolutionary terrorism with Surya Sen
97. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan: Frontier Gandhi; worked in Peshawar via his volunteer brigade called
Khudai Khidmatgars/ Red Shirts who were pledged to the idea of freedom struggle and non-
violence; contributed substantially to the CDM; during CDM, largely due to his work, the
Garhwal Rifles refused to fire on unarmed demonstrators. This response, in a province where
92% population was Muslim, shook the British administration
98. Rani Gaidinliu: worked in Manipur and Nepal; contributed to CDM and was sent to life
imprisonment in 1932
99. Vinoba Bhave: First person to offer individual satyagraha that was launched by Gandhi after first
world war started, but before QIM
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109. M. Malabari
110. Radhakant Deb
111. CN Mulaidar
112. Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
113. Chakra Bisoi
114. Sido and Kanhu
115. Gomdhar Konwar
116. Sewaram
117. Chittur Singh
118. Baba Ram Singh
119. Biswas brothers
120. Madari Pasi
121. Rajbanshis
ABV was the 11th PM of India, and the first non-Congress PM to stay in office for a full 5-year term
(during his third term)
In 2015, his birthday (December 25) was declared Good Governance Day
Pet infra projects: National Highway Development Project and Pradhanmantri Gram Sadak
Yojana; high rate of road construction
Phase 1 of NHDP saw construction of the Golden Quadrilateral connecting Delhi, Mumbai,
Chennai, and Kolkata; this was completed in 2012
Phase 2 built NS and EW corridors, connecting Srinagar-Kanyakumari and Porbandar-Silchar
(Assam) respectively
The UPA government in 2013 admitted before the Supreme Court that the NDA regime, in
five years, constructed nearly half the total length of national highways laid during the last 32
years
MMM was an educationalist, journalist, lawyer, social reformer, and politician. He was 4-time president
of the INC (only leader to hold that distinction before independence). Also addressed as Mahamana.
B.R. Ambedkar
Dr. Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Modern
Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits),
women and labour. He was Independent India's first law minister and the principal architect of
the Constitution of India.
He was appointed to the Bombay Presidency Committee to work with the all-European Simon
Commission in 1925. This commission had sparked great protests across India, and while its report was
ignored by most Indians, Ambedkar himself wrote a separate set of recommendations for the future
Constitution of India
Ambedkar was the first Indian to pursue an Economics doctorate degree abroad. According to him the
industrialization and agricultural industry growth could enhance the economy of the nation. He stressed
on money investment in the agricultural industry as the primary industry of India. He supported
economic and social development of the society for nations progress. He also emphasised on education,
public hygiene, community health, and residential facilities as the basic amenities. His DSc thesis "The
problems of Rupee, its origin and solution (1923)" reveals the factors responsible for Rupee fall. He
proved the importance of price stability than exchange stability. He analysed the silver and gold rate
exchange and its effect on Indian economy.